2024-2025学年新教材高中英语Unit5RevealingnatureDevelopingideas素养评价含解析外研版选择性必修第一册

PAGE11-课时素养评价十五Unit5DevelopingideasⅠ.用单词的正确形式填空1.SomebelieveintheexistenceoflifeonMars,whileothersconsideritasamyth(mythic).2.Theuseofpesticides(pesticide)andfertilizersproducescheapgrainandvegetables.3.AgreatdealofJapanesecultureandreligionhadbeenadapted(adapt)fromtheoldercivilization.4.Inrecentyears,astronomershavedetected(detect)manyorganicmoleculesinspace.

5.However,themostlegendary(legend)figureshouldbeZhuangZedong.6.Ipulledgentlyathisarm,butitseemedasifhehadforgottenmyexistence(exist).7.Batsaresurprisingly(surprise)long-livedcreatures,somehavingalifespanofaround20years.8.Nobodywasinjured(injure)intheexplosion,butthebuildingwascompletelydestroyed.9.RecentdecadeshaveseenChinamakemanyscientific(science)achievements.10.Don’ttouchthecameralinked(link)tothepowerfulcomputer.

Ⅱ.选词填空aswellas,givesb.someadviceto,besaidtodo,beknownfor,callfor,learnabout,insomeways,belinkedto,sendsb.to,prevent...from1.I’dappreciateitifyoucouldgivemesomeadvicetolearnEnglish.

2.TodayChinaattractsaworldwidereadership,whichshowsthatmoreandmorepeopleallovertheworldwanttolearnaboutChina.

3.Thereisconvincingevidencethatskincancerislinkedtoexposuretothesun.

4.IwasabouttogotobedwhenIheardsomeonecallforhelp.

5.Petsareamusingandentertaining,butweareinsomewaysdoinganimalsharm.

6.Thoughlackinginmoney,hisparentsmanagedtosendhimtoauniversity.

7.Somemeasureshavebeentakentopreventtheenvironmentfrombeingdestroyed.8.Harbinisknownforthebeautifuliceandsnow.

9.Heissaidtohaveleftthestagealreadyashehasbecomeanofficial.

10.Icanneverstoptheloveforreadingbecausebooksarelikegoodfriendsaswellaswiseteachersinmylife.

Ⅲ.完成句子1.YaoMingissaidtohaveplayedbasketballontheNBArocketsfortenyears.

据说姚明在NBA火箭队打过十年的篮球。2.DoctorshavetakenvariousmeasurestopreventpeoplefrombeinginfectedwiththevirusinChina.

中国的医生已经实行了各种各样的措施来阻挡人们感染病毒。3.DoctorLiaswellasseveralotherdoctorshasfoundthattheviruscanspreadfrompersontopersonrecently.李医生还有其他几位医生最近已经发觉了这个病毒可以人传人。

4.Asisknowntous,thethreelettersPLAstandfortheChinesePeople’sLiberationArmy.

众所周知,PLA这三个字母代表的是中国人民解放军。5.Withalocalguideleadingtheway,wegotthereeasily.

在当地导游的带领下,我们很简单就到了那里。Ⅰ.阅读理解HaveyoueverbeentotheForbiddenCity,whichisaplacefullofwonders.Fromitsthousandsofroomstoitsmanybeautifulartifacts,there’snowonderit’soneofChina’smostpopulartouristdestinations.Butevenmorethan600yearsafteritwasbuilt,it’sstillmanagingtoserveupsurprise.SinceitwasbuiltduringtheMingDynasty,it’sestimatedthattheForbiddenCityhassurvivedmorethan200earthquakes.Andwhilemoststructuresaren’tmadetosurvivenaturaldisasters,letaloneonesbuilthundredsofyearsago,itseemsthattheForbiddenCitywasbuilttoresistanything.AtelevisiondocumentarybyUKbroadcasterChannel4exploredtheskillsoftheancientbuilding’sdesigners.AgroupofChinesecarpentersandengineerswereshownbuildingascalemodelofoneoftheForbiddenCity’spalaces,atonefifthofthesize.ToshowhowstrongancientChinesearchitecturereallyis,themodelwasputtothetest.Itwassubjectedtosimulated(模拟)earthquakeof9.5ontheRichterscale—equaltothelargesteverrecordedquake—andsurvived.Insteadofbeingdestroyed,themodelwasjustmovedgentlyduringthetest.

Accordingtoexperts,theanswertotheForbiddenCity’sstrength,aswellasotherancientChinesestructures,liesindougong—acenturies-oldbuildingmethodinventedinChina.Thisisthenameforspecialbrackets(托架,支架)onbuildings.Despitebeingheldtogetherwithoutanynailsorglue,thebracketsareperfectatkeepingstructurestogetherwhentheweathergetsrough.“Dougongdesignisanimportantearthquake—resistantfeatureofclassicalChinesestructuresbecausetheframeworkchangesinshapewhenunderpressure,muchliketheshockabsorbers(减震器)ofcar,”accordingtoChineseNationalGeography.TheForbiddenCityattractsvisitorsbecauseofitsrichhistoryandculturalsignificance,butperhapsitshouldaddonemorethingtoitslistofattractions:earthquakeshelter.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了北京故宫的斗拱设计,这种设计使故宫里的建筑经验多次地震仍旧能够保存完好。1.Whatisthearticlemainlyabout?A.WhathasmadetheForbiddenCityapopulartouristdestination.B.ThecharacteristicsofChinesearchitectureduringtheMingDynasty.C.AvarietyofbuildingmethodsusedinancientChinesestructures.D.WhathashelpedtheForbiddenCitysurvivesomanyearthquakes.【解析】选D。主旨大意题。依据文章内容,特殊是倒数其次段中的“Dougongdesignisanimportantearthquake—resistantfeatureofclassicalChinesestructuresbecausetheframeworkchangesinshapewhenunderpressure”可知,斗拱设计帮助故宫里的建筑在多次地震中幸存。故选D。2.Whichcanbestreplacetheunderlinedphrase“wassubjectedto”inParagraph4?A.Obeyed.B.Controlled.C.Suffered. D.Affected.【解析】选C。词义揣测题。依据画线处前的“ToshowhowstrongancientChinesearchitecturereallyis,themodelwasputtothetest”以及下文可知,为了证明中国古建筑的抗震性,这个模型做了测试。在测试中,斗拱模型经受了一场里氏9.5级的模拟地震,由此可知画线处意为“经受”。故选C。3.WhatistheaimofthetestintheUKdocumentary?A.ToreproducearealearthquakefromtheMingDynasty.B.ToprovethestrengthofancientChinesearchitecture.C.Toexplaintheimpactofearthquakesonancientbuildings.D.Todiscoveralong-lostChinesebuildingmethod.【解析】选B。细微环节理解题。依据第四段中的“ToshowhowstrongancientChinesearchitecturereallyis,themodelwasputtothetest”可知,测试的目的是证明中国古建筑的抗震性。故选B。4.Whatis“dougong”accordingtothetext?A.ApaintthatgivesChinesebuildingsanattractivelook.B.Atoolusedbyancientpeopletomeasureearthquakes.C.AbuildingpiecelocatedinthecentreofatraditionalChinesehouse.D.AspecialbuildingmethodthatkeepsatraditionalChinesebuildingstrong.【解析】选D。细微环节理解题。依据第五段中的“dougong—acenturies-oldbuildingmethodinventedinChina.Thisisthenameforspecialbracketsonbuildings”可知,斗拱是将中国传统建筑物牢牢组装在一起的一种特殊建筑方法。故选D。Ⅱ.阅读填句依据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Withthefastpaceofmodernsociety,moreandmorepeoplechoosetoeatprocessedfoodswithoutexactlyknowingtheharm.Accordingtothefollowinginformation,let’sknowmoreabouttheprocessedfoods.What’ssobadaboutprocessedfoods?Processedfoodslikechips,sodaandfrozenpizzasarefullofsalt,sugarandfat.1Obesityisaconditioninvolvingtoomuchbodyfat.Itincreasestheriskofmanyhealthproblems.

2

Theresearcherssayprocessedfoodsaremademostlyofindustrializedmaterialsandadditives.Soda,packagedcookies,instantnoodlesandchickennuggetsaresomeexamplesofhighlyprocessedfoods.Butproductsthatcanseemhealthy,suchasmorningcereals,energybarsandsomekindsofyogurtbelongtothiskind,too.What’swrongwithprocessedfoods?ResearchersattheNationalInstitutesofHealthconductedafour-weekstudyinvolving20people.3Theresearcherspermittedthe20participantstoeatasmuchoraslittleastheywanted.Theyweretakentoamedicalcentersotheirhealthandbehaviorcouldbeobserved.

Inanotherstudy,researchersinFrancefoundpeoplewhoatemoreprocessedfoodsweremorelikelytohaveheartdisease.AsimilarstudyinSpainlinkedeatingmoreprocessedfoodstoahigherriskofdeathingeneral.Whywillyoueatprocessedfoods?4Especially,peoplehavelimitedtimeandmoney.Choosingprocessedfoodscansavetimeanditisdeliciouswithsomeadditivethingsinit.

Thescientistsalsofoundthatpeopleateprocessedfoodsmorequickly.KevinHallisoneoftheresearcherswholedthestudy.HetoldtheAPthatprocessedfoodsareusually“softerandeasiertochewandswallow”.5

A.Whatdoprocessedfoodsmean?B.Avoidprocessedfoodscanbehard.C.It’snogoodforyoutochooseprocessedfoods.D.What’sthedisadvantagesoftheprocessedfoods?E.Theabovereasonscanaccountfortheharmofprocessedfoodclearly.F.Scientistshavealreadylinkedpackagedfoodstorisingobesityratesaroundtheworld.G.Theyfoundthatpeopleeatabout500morecaloriesadaywhenfedmostlyprocessedfoods.【文章大意】文章说明白人们吃加工食品的缘由和危害。1.【解析】选F。依据前一句Processedfoodslikechips,sodaandfrozenpizzasarefullofsalt,sugarandfat(像薯条、苏打水和冷冻比萨这样的加工食品含有大量的盐、糖和脂肪)可知,设空处与该句构成因果关系,F项“科学家已经将包装食品与全球不断上升的肥胖率联系起来”符合题意,故选F。2.【解析】选A。依据下一句Theresearcherssayprocessedfoodsaremademostlyofindustrializedmaterialsandadditives(探讨人员说,加工食品主要是由工业化的材料和添加剂组成的)可知,设空处与该句构成说明关系,A项“加工食品是什么意思?”符合题意,故选A。3.【解析】选G。依据下一句Theresearcherspermittedthe20participantstoeatasmuchoraslittleastheywanted(探讨人员允许20名参加者想吃多少就吃多少)可知,设空处与该句构成递进关系,G项“他们发觉,人们每天多吃500多卡路里的加工食品”符合题意,故选G。4.【解析】选B。依据下文Especially,peoplehavelimitedtimeandmoney.Choosingprocessedfoodscansavetimeanditisdeliciouswithsomeadditivethingsinit(特殊是,人们的时间和金钱有限。选择加工食品可以节约时间,并且因为一些添加剂所以味道也不错)可知,设空处与该句构成说明关系,B项“避开加工食品可能很难”符合题意,故选B。5.【解析】选E。依据最终一个空的位置可知,是对上文的缘由进行一个小结,因此此处的意思应当是“以上缘由可以清晰地说明加工食品的危害”,故选E。Ⅰ.完形填空MyteacherMrBushisthemostpositivepersonI’veevermet.Hehastheabilityto1positivenesstoyoungstudents.

Healwayssmilesandnevergets2atstudents.OnceImetsome3becauseIfeltovershadowedbymybrother,whoseemedtobedoinggreatineveryway.Hopelessness4mewheneverIwasinaclassroom.Butthatall5whenImetmyteacherforlife,MrBush.Havingfoundoutaboutmyproblems,hejustkept6me.BecauseofMrBush,myworldwasfilledwith7andpower.

Afewweeksago,everyoneinmyclasswasfeelingabit8becauseofabaddayatschool.Butthingsgot9afteracloseofMrBush’sclass.Hedrewapictureonthewhiteboardthat10ahalf-fullglassofwater.Hethensaid,“Class,thepointofviewinwhichyoulookatthingswill11yourfeelings.Likethisglassofwater;somepeopleseeitandthink‘What!Onlyhalfaglassofwater.How12Iam.’Whereasotherpeoplethink‘Wow,I’msothirsty.Great!Halfaglassofwaterforme!’Itallisinthe13youthink.”

MrBush’s14wayofthinkingalwaysmakesmefeelgladand15.Iwillalwaysrememberhim.

【文章大意】本文属于记叙文阅读,作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了“我”的老师布什先生,他对“我”的帮助很大。1.A.passonB.applyforC.consistofD.giveup【解析】选A。考查短语辨析。passon传递;applyfor申请;consistof包括;giveup放弃。他有实力把主动的一面传递给年轻学生。故选A。2.A.strict B.patient C.mad D.curious【解析】选C。考查形容词辨析。strict严格的;patient耐性的;mad疯狂的;curious新奇的。他总是微笑,从不生学生的气。故选C。3.A.friends B.needsC.realities D.difficulties【解析】选D。考查名词辨析。friends挚友;needs须要;realities现实;difficulties困难。有一次,我遇到了一些困难,因为我的哥哥给我蒙上了阴影,他好像在各个方面都做得很好。故选D。4.A.drowned B.resisted C.cured D.relaxed【解析】选A。考查动词辨析。drowned溺水;resisted反抗;cured治愈;relaxed放松。每当我在教室里,无望就沉没了我。故选A。5.A.happened B.changed C.solved D.included【解析】选B。考查动词辨析。happened发生;changed更改;solved解决;included包括。但当我见到我的终身老师,布什先生时,一切都变了。他发觉了我的问题,就始终激励我。故选B。6.A.forgiving B.calming C.encouraging D.calling【解析】选C。考查动词辨析。forgiving宽恕;calming安静;encouraging鼓舞;calling呼叫。但当我见到我的终身老师,布什先生时,一切都变了。他发觉了我的问题,就始终激励我。故选C。7.A.sunshine B.fearC.surprise D.disappointment【解析】选A。考查名词辨析。sunshine阳光;fear恐惊;surprise惊喜;disappointment悲观。因为布什先生,我的世界充溢了力气。故选A。8.A.cheerful B.down C.eager D.afraid【解析】选B。考查形容词辨析。cheerful开朗的;down懊丧的;eager急迫的;afraid胆怯 的。几周前,因为学校的一天不好,我们班上的每个人都感到有点懊丧。故选B。9.A.warmer B.higher C.better D.happier【解析】选C。考查形容词辨析。warmer更暖;higher更高;better更好;happier更欢乐;但在布什先生的课结束后,状况有所好转。故选C。10.A.served B.filled C.bought D.showed【解析】选D。考查动词辨析。served服务;filled填充;bought购买;showed展示。他在白板上画了一幅画,画的是半杯水。故选D。11.A.hurt B.careabout C.giveaway D.affect【解析】选D。考查单词短语辨析。hurt受伤;careabout关切;giveaway赠送;affect影响;他接着说,“同学们,你看事情的角度会影响你的感受。故选D。12.A.pleased B.unfortunateC.bright D.perfect【解析】选B。考查形容词辨析。pleased兴奋的;unfortunate不幸的;bright光明的;perfect完备的;“我真不幸。”而其他人则认为“哇,我太渴了。太好了!”故选B。13.A.way B.direction C.end D.past【解析】选A。考查名词辨析。way方式;direction方向;end结束;past过去;这一切都在于你思索的方式。故选A。14.A.different B.optimisticC.special D.important【解析】选B。考查形容词辨析。different不同的;optimistic乐观的;special特殊的;important重要的。布什先生乐观的思维方式总是让我感到兴奋和充溢希望。故选B。15.A.proud B.carefulC.lonely D.hopeful【解析】选D。考查形容词辨析。proud傲慢的;careful当心的;lonely孤独的;hopeful充溢希望的。布什先生乐观的思维方式总是让我感到兴奋和充溢希望。故选D。Ⅱ.语法填空阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。DoyouDouyin?Gotamoment—or,perhaps,15seconds?Intheageoffragmented(碎片化的)time,Douyin,whichisamassivehitinChinarightnow,canperfectlyfillinthegapswhenpeoplehavenothing1.___________(good)todobetweentwoevents;itsdailyplays2.___________(spread)overonebillioninthepastfewyears.TheMeipai(美拍)-likeappallowsuserstoproducecreativeshortvideosthatcombinemusicwithmouthshapesorbodymoves.Theycandance,sing,cookordo3.theirheartsdesire.

LaunchedinSeptember2024,Douyin4.___________(own)byZhangYiming,oneofChina’stoptechleaders;hechairsByteDance.SimilartohowMeipaiworked5.atime-limitedvideoplatform(平台),Douyinisa6.___________(collect)ofbrief15-secondmusicvideos,mainlyfocusedonyoungpeople,7.it’scertainlysuitableforallages.

Ontheplatform,childishandstrangebehaviorsare8.(total)acceptable.Inhigh-pressureworld,it