全国统考2025届高考英语一轮复习练习选修7Unit1Livingwithtechnology课时作业含解析

PAGE二十选修7Unit1Livingwithtechnology(限时35分钟)Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2024·北京模拟)Alzheimer’sAIAnestimated5.7millionpeopleintheU.S.haveAlzheimer’sdisease—themostcommontypeofdementia(痴呆)-andthatnumberisexpectedtomorethandoubleby2050.Earlydiagnosisiscrucialforpatientstobenefitfromthefewtherapiesavailable.Butnoscanscandeliveraconclusivediagnosiswhileapersonisalive;insteaddoctorshavetoconductnumerousandcomplicatedclinicalandneuropsychologicaltests.SothereisgrowinginterestindevelopingartificialintelligencetoidentifyAlzheimer’sbasedonbrainimaging.ResearchersattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanFrancisco,havenowsuccessfullytrainedanAIalgorithm(算法)torecognizeoneoftheearlysignsofAlzheimer’s—areductioninthebrain’sglucose(葡萄糖)consumption—inpositronemissiontomography(PET)imaging.ThealgorithmaccuratelypredictedaneventualAlzheimer’sdiagnosisinnearlyallthetestcases,accordingtothestudy.InPETimaging,averysmallamountofaradioactivecompoundisinjectedintothebody,producingthree-dimensionalimagesofmetabolism(新陈代谢),circulationandothercellularactivities.PETiswellsuitedforanAIdiagnostictoolbecauseAlzheimer’sleadstosubtlechangesinthebrain’smetabolismthatbeginyearsbeforeneural(神经的)tissuestartstogodownhill,saysstudyco-authorJaeHoSohn,aradiologistatUCSF.Thesechangesare“veryhardforradiologiststopickup,”henotes.Thealgorithmwastrainedandtestedon2,100PETbrainimagesfromabout1,000people55yearsandolder.Theimagescamefroma12-yearstudythattrackedpeoplewhowouldultimatelybediagnosedwithAlzheimer’s,aswellasthosewithmildmemorydeclinesandhealthycontrolparticipants.Thealgorithmwastrainedon90percentofthedataandtestedontheremaining10percent.Itwasthenretestedonasecond,independentdatasetfrom40patientsmonitoredfor10years.Thealgorithmwashighlysensitiveandwasabletorecognize81percentofthepatientsinthefirsttestgroupand100percentinthesecondwhowouldbediagnosedwithAlzheimer’ssixyearslater,onaverage.ThefindingswerepublishedinFebruaryinRadiology.Thealgorithmisbasedondeeplearning,amachine-learningtechniquethatusesartificialneuralnetworksprogrammedtolearnfromexamples.“Thisisoneofthefirstpromising,preliminary(初步的)applicationsofdeeplearningtothediagnosisofAlzheimer’s,”saysChristianSalvatore,aphysicistatItaly’sNationalResearchCouncil,whowasnotinvolvedinthestudy.“Themodelperformsverywellwhenidentifyingpatientswithmildorlatediagnoses”,hesays,“butcatchingitintheearlieststagesremainsoneofthemostcriticalopenissuesinthisfield.”【文章大意】本文主要介绍了利用人工智能诊断老年痴呆症能够较早确诊。1.PeopleareincreasinglyinterestedinusingAItoidentifyAlzheimer’sbecause.

A.thenumberofpeoplesufferingfromdementiaismorethandoublingB.diagnosticmethodsthatarebothreliableandconvenientareinneedC.thereareonlyalimitednumberofeffectivetherapiesforthepatientsD.diagnosingAlzheimer’sdiseasethroughAIisstillanunexploredarea【解析】选B。推理推断题。依据第一段可知,早期诊断对于患者是至关重要的,但是,在一个人还活着的时候,医生必需进行大量困难的临床和神经心理学测试。因此,人们须要既牢靠又便利的诊断方法,所以越来越有爱好开发人工智能来识别基于大脑成像的老年痴呆症。故选B。2.WhatcanwelearnaboutPETimaging?A.Itrecognizestheworseningoftheneuraltissue.B.Itreducestheglucoseconsumptioninthebrain.C.Itchangesthepatternofthebrain’smetabolism.D.Itphotographsvariouskindsofcellularactivities.【解析】选D。细微环节理解题。依据第三段的“InPETimaging,averysmallamountofaradioactivecompoundareinjectedintothebody,producingthree-dimensionalimagesofmetabolism(新陈代谢),circulationandothercellularactivities可知,PET影像拍摄各种细胞活动。故选D。3.AccordingtoParagraph4,.

A.90%ofthepeopleinthestudyweretrainedonthealgorithmB.theparticipantsinthestudyconsistofpeoplebothyoungandoldC.81%ofthepeopleinthefirsttestgroupwerediagnosedwithAlzheimer’sD.thealgorithmmanagedtorecognizeallthepatientsinthesecondtestgroup【解析】选D。细微环节理解题。依据第四段Thealgorithmwashighlysensitiveandwasabletorecognize81percentofthepatientsinthefirsttestgroupand100percentinthesecondwhowouldbediagnosedwithAlzheimer’ssixyearslater可知,该算法胜利地识别了其次试验组的全部患者。故选D。4.WhatcanbeinferredfromParagraph5?A.ThealgorithmservesasapromisingtreatmentofAlzheimer’s.B.DeeplearninghasbeenwidelyappliedindiagnosingAlzheimer’s.C.TodetectAlzheimer’sinitsearlieststagescallsformoreexploration.D.WhethertousethemodeltodetectAlzheimer’sremainsacriticalissue.【解析】选C。推理推断题。依据第五段butcatchingitintheearlieststagesremainsoneofthemostcriticalopenissuesinthisfield.可知,要在最早的阶段发觉老年痴呆症,须要更多的探究。故选C。【学问拓展】长难句分析Thealgorithmwashighlysensitiveandwasabletorecognize81percentofthepatientsinthefirsttestgroupand100percentinthesecondwhowouldbediagnosedwithAlzheimer’ssixyearslater,onaverage.分析:该句是复合句。主句中and连接并列谓语washighlysensitive和wasabletorecognize,81percentofthepatientsinthefirsttestgroupand100percentinthesecond是并列宾语,作recognize的宾语;who引导的是定语从句,修饰先行词patients。翻译:该算法特别敏感,能够识别第一个测试组中81%的患者和其次个测试组中100%的患者,平均6年后被诊断为“老年痴呆症”。【加固训练】阅读理解IfyouliveinWashingtonD.C.orRedwood,Calif.,youmayhaveglimpsedasmall,boxyrobotrollingalongalocalsidewalk,mindingitsownbusiness,butattractingtheattentionofmanyacuriousonlooker.Therobots,whichlooklikeelectricricecookerswithwheels,werepartofapilotprogramlastyearbyStarshipTechnologiesfocusedondeliveringmealsfromlocalrestaurantsindozensofcitiesaroundtheworld.Thisweek,thecompanyrevealedplanstobroadenitsdeliveryservicebeyondfoodtoincludepackages,amovethatmadeit“theworld’sfirstrobotpackagedeliveryservice”.ThepackagedeliveryserviceisonlyavailableinsomecitiesintheUS.Thewheeledrobotshaveatopspeedof4mphandcandetectbarriersfromasfaras30feetaway.“Therobotcanoperatethroughjustaboutanything,”saysNickHandrick,headofoperationsforStarship’sD.C.office,“Ifyouhavesomethingintheway,it’sabletoclimbit.”Bygivingcustomerscontrolofwhendeliveriesoccur,StarshipTechnologiesispromotingitsserviceasawaytocombatpackagetheft.Tosignupfortheservice,whichcostsalittlemorethan$10permonth,customersneedtodownloadthecompany’sapp.Customersthencreatea“StarshipDeliveryAddress”,auniqueaddressinsideaStarshipfacility,insteadofahomeaddress,wheretheycanhavepackagessentfromplacessuchasAmazon.com.OnceapackageisdeliveredtotheStarshipaddress,customersreceiveatextnoticethatallowsthemtoscheduleahomedeliveryviarobots.Therobotsareopenedbycustomerswithamobilephonecode(代码).【文章大意】本文为说明文。文章主要讲了在美国的一些城市,包袱可以由机器人运输了。1.WhatdoweknowaboutStarshipTechnologiescompany?A.PackagesaredeliveredbyitsrobotsallroundAmerica.B.Itsrobotshavetakenonpackagedeliveryforalongtime.C.Itisthefirsttoproviderobotpackagedeliveryservice.D.Itsdeliveryserviceisthebestofallintheworld.【解析】选C。细微环节理解题。依据第三段Thisweek,thecompanyrevealedplanstobroadenitsdeliveryservicebeyondfoodtoincludepackages,amovethatmadeit“theworld’sfirstrobotpackagedeliveryservice”.(本周,该公司公布了将送货服务从食品扩展到包袱的安排,此举使其成为“世界上第一家送货机器人”。)由此可知星际飞船技术公司是第一家供应机器人包袱递送服务的公司,故选C。2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“combat”inParagraph4probablymean?A.Delay. B.Prevent.C.Report. D.Discover.【解析】选B。词义揣测题。由第四段Bygivingcustomerscontrolofwhendeliveriesoccur(通过让客户限制何时发货),可以推断出下文StarshipTechnologiesispromotingitsserviceasawaytocombatpackagetheft.意思是星际飞船技术公司正在提升其服务,作为一种防止包袱盗窃的方式。combat意思是“防止”。故选B。3.Whatcanwelearnaboutrobotpackagedeliveryservice?A.Customerscan’topentherobotswithoutamobilephonecode.B.StarshipDeliveryAddressisthecustomer’shomeaddress.C.Customershavetopayalittlemorethan$10eachtime.D.Robotsthemselveshavecontroloverwhentodeliverpackages.【解析】选A。推理推断题。依据最终一段Therobotsareopenedbycustomerswithamobilephonecode(这些机器人由顾客用手机代码打开),可知没有手机代码,顾客无法打开机器人,故选A。4.Whatmaybethebesttitleforthepassage?A.RobotDeliveryServiceIsTakingOffB.HumansAreBeingReplacedbyRobotsC.EverythingCanBeDonebyRobotsD.PackagesCanBeDeliveredbyRobots【解析】选D。主旨大意题。第三段Thisweek,thecompanyrevealedplanstobroadenitsdeliveryservicebeyondfoodtoincludepackages,amovethatmadeit“theworld’sfirstrobotpackagedeliveryservice”.是全文的主题句,结合全文内容,可知这篇文章主要讲了在美国的一些城市,包袱可以由机器人运输了。故选D。【学问拓展】长难句分析Bygivingcustomerscontrolofwhendeliveriesoccur,StarshipTechnologiesispromotingitsserviceasawaytocombatpackagetheft.分析:本句为简洁句,Bygivingcustomerscontrolofwhendeliveriesoccur是介词短语作状语,其中when引导的句子作介词of的宾语从句;tocombatpackagetheft作away的定语。翻译:通过让顾客限制什么时候投送快递,星际飞船技术公司正在提升其服务,作为一种打击包袱盗窃的方式。B(2024·厦门模拟)Fancyyourownsatellite?ArizonaAssistantprofessorJekanThangaandateamofstudentshavebeendevelopingtheSunCubeFemtoSatforthepasttwoyears.Thesmall3×3×3cmcubeweighsinatjust35gandalonger(3×3×9cm,100g)modelhasalsobeendesigned,whichincludesstoragespace.EachSunCubeFemtoSathasitsowncommunication,datacollectionandpropulsion(推动)systemsandispoweredbysolarpanels.Itismadeofoff-the-shelfpartsthatareavailableinshops,andtheenergy-efficientsolarpanelsarecutfromscrap(碎片),whichmakesitsaveenergy,soldatadiscountbymanufacturers(制造商).“Withaspacecraftofthissize,anyuniversitycandoit,”saysThanga.“That’spartofourmajorgoal—spacediscoveryforeverybody.”TheteamsaysthatwhilelaunchingyourownsatellitewouldusuallycostbetweenUS$60,000—70,000perkilo,itwouldonlycost$1,000tosendaSunCubeFemtoSattotheInternationalSpaceStation,and$3,000tosenditintolowearthorbit.Leavingtheearth’sgravitywouldcostanestimated$27,000.TheFemtoSatwouldbepackedwitha“jackinthebox”stylesystemthatmatchesstandardCubeSatsizes(around10cubiccm),simplifyingtheprocessofgettingthetinysatelliteintoorbit.NASAhassent30CubeSatsintospaceoverthelastfewyears,withanother50awaitinglaunch.ThangaandhisstaffviewtheFemtoSatasastartingpointforscientistsandstudents,andevenhopethedevicecouldbeboughtonthewebsitelikeAmazononeday.Thangaimaginesdevelopingfourmainapplicationsforthedevice,includinghands-ontestingexperiencesforstudents,andartificialgravityexperiments.Inaddition,groupsofSunCubeFemtoSatsareeventuallyabletodothejoboflargerspacecraftatavastlydiscountedcost.【文章大意】本文介绍了一种新的卫星。它尺寸小,价格便宜,耗费能量低,使得一般人可以拥有它,让一般人探究太空成为可能。5.ThemajorgoaloftheSunCubeFemtoSatprojectis.

A.toactonteachinginouterspaceB.toprovideaccesstospacecraftdesignC.tohelpcarryoutaclassroomexperimentD.tohelpaverageindividualsexplorespace【解析】选D。推理推断题。依据第一段的SmallerthanastandardCubeSat,thelow-coststudent-designedspacecraftisaimedatprovidinggreateraccesstospaceforscientistsandhobbyistsalike.可知,这个项目的目的在于帮助一般人和科学家探究太空。6.WhatisspecialaboutSunCubeFemtoSats?A.Theyareenergy-efficient.B.Theyareofthesamesize.C.Theyaremainlydesignedforlabuse.D.Theyaremainlyusedtocollectinformation.【解析】选A。细微环节理解题。依据第三段的Itismadeofoff-the-shelfpartsthatareavailableinshops,andtheenergy-efficientsolarpanelsarecutfromscrap,whichmakesitsaveenergy.可知,这种小卫星可以节约能源。7.WhatdoesThangaexpectofSunCubeFemtoSats?A.They’llbeavailableonline.B.They’llbeprovidedforfree.C.They’llmatchthesizeofCubeSats.D.They’llbesentintospacewithCubeSats.【解析】选A。细微环节理解题。依据最终一段的ThangaandhisstaffviewtheFemtoSatasastartingpointforscientistsandstudents,andevenhopethedevicecouldbeboughtonthewebsitelikeAmazononeday.可知,Thanga希望这款卫星可以在网上买到。8.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.FemtoSatsWillRuleSpaceB.YourOwnSatelliteIsComingC.GoingintoSpaceHasBeenAffordableD.YouCanDesignYourOwnSpacecraft【解析】选B。主旨大意题。依据文章的主要内容,再结合第一段的Fancyyourownsatellite?可知,本文介绍了一种新的卫星,此种卫星尺寸小,价格便宜,耗费能量低,使得一般人探究太空成为可能。【学问拓展】SunCubeFemtoSat项目SunCubeFemtoSat项目是亚利桑那州立高校绽开的,高校生研发比标准CubeSat更小的低成本迷你卫星。助理教授JekanThanga和学生团队在过去2年已经开发了多款SunCubeFemtoSat迷你卫星,它们是边长3厘米的立方体,重量35克,另外还有较大的迷你卫星,体积3×3×9厘米,重量100克,其中包括存储空间。Ⅱ.完形填空MyheartstorystartedwhenIwas13yearsold.Myfatherdiedofaheartattackwhileonagolfcourseattheyoungageof45.Heartdisease1inmyfamily.Likemyfather,Ihaveastronomicallyhighlipid(脂质)levelsandthegoodnewsisthattodaytherearesome2thatcansignificantlyreducemylipidlevelsto3normalranges.

In2011,whenIwas45andmyownsonwas13,history4itself.Whileskatingwithmyson,Ibeganto5an“uncomfortablefeeling”.Ididn’tthinkitwasheart-related.Whenwe6mywifegavemeaspirinandwedecidedtogotoseemy7thenextdaybecausemysymptomshad8decreased.Mydoctorsentusstraight9thehospitalwhereIhadmyheartexamined.Tests10thatIhadtroublewithmyheart.Afterninedaysatthehospitalandasurgery,Iwenthomeonmy46thbirthdaywitha11life.

12therewasnoevidenceofanyheartdamageatall.MydoctortoldmethatImusthavebeendoing13prettygoodbeforemyheartattackbecausepatientsdidn’tusually14thekindofblockageIhad,ortheyencountered15damagetotheheart.ItoldthemthatIhadbeen16walkingforsevenyearsbeforemyheartattack,walkingupto20milesaweek.Severalpeopleinthemedicalprofessiontoldmethatwalking17mylife!

ThisOctober,IwillbewalkingattheHeartandStrokeWalkinTacoma.Everystepisa18thatlifeisfragileandcanbetakenfromusatanymoment.My19toyouisverysimple:20someonehasheartdiseaseinyourfamily,thereissomethinghecandoaboutit.

【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。讲解并描述了作者因心脏病发作住院,手术之后很快康复。事实证明,是他平常的走路运动对他身体的康复起着重要作用。1.A.runs B.affectsC.joins D.gets【解析】选A。下文表明,作者也像父亲那样患有心脏病,因此“在我们家,心脏病是遗传的”,run是不及物动词,表示“传播,持续”。2.A.measures B.waysC.drugs D.ideas【解析】选C。下文的“significantlyreducemylipidlevels”表明,作者利用药物来降低自己的脂质水平。3.A.above B.belowC.near D.with【解析】选C。运用药物是为了让脂质达到正常的水平,故near“接近”符合语境。4.A.covers B.remainsC.repeats D.controls【解析】选C。和父亲一样,作者也是在45岁时心脏病发作,因此此处指历史又重演了。repeat“重演,再次发生”,符合语境。5.A.express B.avoidC.expand D.experience【解析】选D。下文作者吃药、看医生表明此处指作者有不舒适的感觉,experience“经验,感受”,符合语境。6.A.setout B.gotbackC.calmeddown D.gotaway【解析】选B。上文的“Whileskatingwithmyson”表明作者没有在家,故此处指当他回到家时,他的妻子给了他阿