4 机械专业英语

专业英语—-160 Chief Material Store active adjusting (刹把) air air-operated annular ball Workover blindram blindshearram blow-out brakelever(brake brakeline(brake buttress- butterfly choke choke 专业英语— dead directcurrent drawworks drift drillingline(work driving drum elevator 吊卡-eye finger flat(round, 扁(圆,方) highpressure hydraulicbreak-out hydraulic internalexternal kelly kill .knee lock lowpressure lubeoil breakout makeup manual 电机,-162mudmudreliefmudreturnneedlenigger-open-endedplugregulatoradmissionbenchchainchargecheckdischargedriller’sflathydraulichydraulicinternalmixingmixingmonkeymousemudneedle专业英语—oiloil-levelpinchpowerringringrotaryscrewseamlessshockslipwebstudsuctiontapethreadvalveseatTransmissionTravelingrigcam-dieselbrakeFactorof-164124.125.dog126.fuel127.pipe128.129.130.submerged131.seawater132.pressure133.airpressure134.flowing135.oilpressure136.position137.138.variable139.140.welding141.domestic142.Remotecontrol143.Drawworks144.Blowing145.Drive146.Driven147.Input148.Output149.Master150.HighSpeed151.LowSpeed152.Jaw153.154.TopDriveSystem155.专业英语—Elevator Crown Hook Gooseneck Sub- CasingStabbing Monkey PipeSpinning Hydraulic Auxiliary Hydraulictorque ElmagcoBrake（eddycurrentbrake）HydraulicDiscBrake Hydraulicpower Pipehandling Iron PipeRacking Drill Drillingpipe Fishing Power Hydraulic Tong Hydraulic-powered Line Crownblock Weight Mouse -166188.V-189.Deadline190.Deadline191.Coolingwater192.DrillingWater193.Skidding194.Mud195.Mechanical196.Volume197.Gear198.199.Chain200.201.202.Power203.Fluid204.205.206.Piston207.Piston208.Suction209.Valve210.ValveSeat211.Discharge212.Suction213.Pumpstroke214.MudCharge215.MudMix216.Safety217.Mud-mixing218.Shale219.Mud专业英语—220.221.222.223.224.Mud225.Mud226.MudMixing227.Centrifugal228.Standpipe229.Rotary230.BulkAirSystemand231.RamType232.AnnularType233.Bland234.235.BOP236.Gate237.ChokeandKill238.RemotelyOperated239.ChokeControl240.BOPHandling241.242.Koomey243.BOPControl244.Bleed245.Vibrationproofpressure246.Pressure247.Hydro-pneumatic248.Hydraulic249.Triplex-168放压管 relief钢 ring转 rotary安全卡 safety螺 螺丝 screw立根 set沉砂 settling 振动 shale管 pipe吊 润滑 立 stand双头螺 stud吸入管 suction吸人 suction水龙 卷 tape三 丝 大钳平衡 tong游动滑 traveling泥浆计量 trip-井架大 v-凡尔 valve阀密 valve起阀座 valveseat阀弹 valve虎 柱塞 plunger专业英语—32,back33crownblock34hook35hook36oil37thread38thread39thread4041CO2hand-portablefire-42air4344diesel45,engine46(柴油fuel(diesel47gas484950H2Sgasdetection51helicopter52membrane53,54obstruction5556stand-by57submerged58towing5960welding61airpressure62oilpressure63pitlevel-17064position65pressure66pumpstroke67pumpstroke68rotaryspeed69weight707172Socket73Pneumatic74crossover75drill76777879senior80welding81sub-82choke83belt8485power86fluid87relief88auxiliary89working9091alarm92remotecontrol93air94hydro-pneumatic95triplex专业英语—抗震压力 vibrationproofpressure球 ball大补 master快 fast内 inside外 outside绞车滚 drawworks卡 钢丝绳断绳 wirerope排绳 line管子处理 pipe风机马 blowing吊 elevator混合漏 mud-mixing剪切闸 shear方钻杆补 Kelly曲 活塞 piston排出空气 discharge吸入空气 suction真空除气 vacuum油气分离 mud-gas输入 input输出 output液压 hydraulic链轮 动力大 power单流 check钉 不锈 stainless钢 三角皮 V--172serialgreasewirepaintabrasivegearpilottechnicalgasroutinemechanicalvolumeventheaterelectrical专业英语—crownblockdriftjawlockrateddycurrentfiremudstuffingBallastBilge通风口,AirSupplyMooringCommunicationJackingEmergencyWaterMaker(desalinizationAir-174Air-conditioningSeaWaterServicePipingDCACFireControlFireDetectionCO2FixedFireExtinguishingPortableFire-FightFoamEscapeEyeFirst-aidFireSafeFireFireSafetyAccidentSafetyDrillDrillHeavyWeightDrillMake-upBreak-outCasingStabbing专业英语—小鼠洞(接单根用MouseChainDrillJar(drillingRightHandLeftHandCrossOverSub(XOPotableDrilling-176SealubeEngineHydraulicGearThreadBOPBOPOilBaseCausticCompressedFlowingAdjustableOpen-endedRingChainGreaseRivetPressureAdjustable专业英语—单向 Check固井装 Cementing白(夜) Day(night)倒 Crew空气间隙,气 Air上部甲 Upper防喷 BOP（blowout可控 SCR（siliconcontrolled RPM（revolutionperNosmokingEverythingisGivemeahand,DoyouNoDon’toverrunyourBecarefulatNojokingWhatisthenextstep?Geteverythingreadyassoonas-178Speedupplease(Come3000Notethatthe3000hourinspectiononTDSisRepairthehandrailsontheFunctiontesttheanti-freefallbrakeonmonthlyGetmeaspanner,please.16RenewbrakerimbecauseofexcessiveMeasurethemasterbushingsfor48”的管钳Weneeda48”pipewrench.PutsomeengineReplaceonecoolingThispartnumberisMaintainthehoistingThisisaflexiblesub.2500psiTestannularBOPat2500psi.500psi,Pressuretestto500psithenbleedoffthetest5200Reducehydrauliccontrolmanifoldpressureto5200专业英语—GetaWorkPermitbeforeyoucanstartthehotItshouldbefunctionAwarningnoticeshouldbeset你们有没有应急计划Doyouhaveanemergencyprogram(contingencyCheckandmaintainthehoistingsystem。Theclearanceofbrakelineneedstobeadjusted。Tightenupthepackingglandontheswivel。Changethelubeoilintherotarytable。Thereissomethingwrongwiththequick-dischargeairvalve。Thisclutchneedsrepairduetoslipping。Thediesofthistongneedsreplaceing。Slip6metersofworkingline。Cutoff45metersofdrillingline。Checkitandfindoutwhatiswrong。ThemudpumpisOK42TheNO.1rigpumpisoutoforder.UsetheNO.2please。-180Thepulsationdampeneroftherigpumphastoberechargedwithnitrogen。Checkthepumplinersandpistons。Thepistonhasbeenwashed.Theyarechangingitnow。Thesuperchargepumpdoesnottakeinwater。Regulatethereliefvalvepressureto4000psiAnassemblyofsheavesorpulleysmountedonbeamsatthetopofthederrick.,Thedrillinglineisrunoverthesheavesdowntothehoistingdrum.Thedrawworksisessentiallyalargewinchthatspoolsoffortakesinthedrillinglineandthusraisesorlowersthedrillstemandbit.Themudpumpisalargereciprocatingpumpusedtocirculatethemud(drillingfluid)onadrillingrig.Whileonariglocaion,wearsafetytoefootwearandhardhatsatallDonotremoveguardsonrunningmachinery.53RigmachinerymustberunwithintheoperatinglimitsgivenbytheequipmentShutoffpowerbeforeworkingonelectricalequipmentorCheckdrillinglineandassociatedsheavesarein Checkgaugesonallpressurizedequipment专业英语—TightenallmountingandcouplingDonotallowanyoneotherthanadrillerortoolpushertorunthedrawworksandEachtour,inspectinsettingofallvalvesinthewellcontrolsystem.Thisistodeterminethatthepropervalvesareopenorclosedinaccordancewiththemanifoldplanforthewell.Whenchangingoutupperpiperamsorinstallingshootingnipple,closeblindPriortotripinspectthedrawworksbrakes,brakelinkage,auxiliarybrakeandemergencydriveclutchtodeterminethattheyareingoodcondition.Priortotrip,seethatcrownbumperblocksareinplace.Beforepullingdrillpipeoutofhole,checktomakesurethattherotarybushingorrotaryinsertsaresecurelylockedinplace.Tothawmudlinesorotherequipmentessentialfordrillingpullupintocasing,thawwithhotair,hotwaterorsteam.Donotthawbyfireorflame.当离开司钻操作台时，必须用链子把刹把拴好（钻进时如用了自动送钻除外Whenleavingdrawworksposition,alwayschaindownbrakehandle(exceptwhentheautomaticdrillerisbeingusedwhiledrilling).isolatepowerfirstandthenisolatepossiblefluidflow.-182HaveadequateworkingknowledgeandunderstandingofthemudgasseparatordegasserandtriptankifMakesurenitrogen/oxygen/acetylenebottlesaresecurelyracked，stored，sealedandthatproperpressureequipmentisusedinconnectionwiththesegases.Checkequipmentforproperoperationspriortousee.g.beforeCheckmotorcurrentsforoverloads.CheckgeneratorcurrentsforoverloadsorunbalancedInspectmotorsforOperateeachmotorandgeneratorforproperperformance.Wemakesteampassthroughapipe，roundtheoutsideofwhichcoldwaterAsthepistonmoresdown，thepressureinthecylinderAsregardsthatmachine，itsmovingpartshavebeenwornAclutchisadeviceforconnectinganddisconnectingthedrivebetweentwoco-axialshafts.Inafrictionclutch,thetwopartsareheldincontactbyspringsandthetorqueistransmittedbyfrictionbetweenthecontactsurfaces.Dynamicsofmachinestreatswiththeforcesactingonthepartsofamachineandthemotionsresultingfromtheseforces.伞（锥）专业英语—Bevelgearsareusedtotransmitpowerbetweenshaftswhoseaxesintersectandwhosepitchsurfacesarerollingcones.Straighttoothedbevelgearsarethemostcommon.Gearandchainmustbeproperlylubricated.Ifnot,therewillbealargeamountofenergywastedduetofriction.Checkandmaintainthehoistingsystem。Thebrakelineingneedstobeadjusted。Tightenupthepackingglandontheswivel。Changetheoilintherotarytable。Thereissomethingwrongwiththequick-dischargeairvalve。Thisclutchneedsrepairduetoitslipping。Thediesofthistongneedsreplaeing。Slip6metersofworkingline。Cutoff45metersofdrillingline。Checkitandfindoutwhatiswrong。ThemudpumpisOK92TheNO.1rigpumpisoutoforder.UsetheNO.2please。Thepulsationdampeneroftherigpumphastoberechargedwithnitrogen。-184Checkthepumplinerandpistons。Thepistonhasbeenwashed.Theyarechangingitnow。Thesuperchargepumpdoesnottakeinwater。Regulatethereliefvalvepressureto4000psiAnassemblyofsheavesorpulleysmountedonbeamsatthetopofthederrick.Thedrillinglineiscrossoverthesheavesdowntothehoistingdrum.Thedrawworksisessentiallyalargewinchthatspoolsoffortakesinthedrillinglineandthusraisesorlowersthedrillstemandbit.Themudpumpisalargereciprocatingpumpusedtocirculatethemud(drillingfluid)onadrillingrig.Whileonriglocaion,wearsafetytoefootwearandhardhatsatallDonotremoveguardsonrunningRigmachinerymustberunwithintheoperatinglimitsgivenbytheequipmentShutoffpowerbeforeworkingonelectricalequipmentorCheckdrillinglineandsheavesareingoodCheckgaugesonallpressurizedequipmentTightenallmountingandcouplinghardware.Donotallowanyoneotherthanthedrillerortoolpushertorunthedrawworksand专业英语—Eachtour,inspectinsettingofallvalvesinthewellcontrolsystem.，Thisistodeterminethatthepropervalvesareopenorclosedinaccordancewiththemanifoldplanforthewell.WhenchangingoutupperpiperamsorinstallingloggingBOP,closeblindPriortotripinspectthedrawworksbrakes,brakelinkage,crankshaftandemergencydriveclutchtodeterminethattheyareingoodcondition.Priortotrip,insurethatcrownbumperblocksareinplace.113Beforepullingdrillpipeoutofhole,checktomakesurethattherotarybushingorrotaryinsertsaresecurelylockedinplace.Tothawmudlinesorotherequipmentessentialfordrillingpullupintocasing,thawwithhotair,hotwaterorsteam.Donotthawbyfireorflame.当离开司钻操作台时，必须用链子把刹把拴好（钻进时如用了自动送钻除外Whenleavingdrawworksposition,alwayschaindownbrakehandle(exceptwhentheautomaticdrillerisbeingusedwhiledrilling).isolatepowerfirstandthenisolatepossiblefluidflow. Haveadequateworkingknowledgeandunderstandingofthemudgasseparator，degasserandtriptankifinsta11ed. -186Makesurenitrogen/oxygen/acetylenebottlesaresecurelyracked，stored，sealedandthatproperpressureequipmentisusedinconnectionwiththesegases. Checkequipmentforproperoperationspriortousebeforeroundtrips. Checkmotorcurrentsforoverloads.Checkgeneratorcurrentsforoverloadsorunbalanced Inspectmotorsforoverheating.Operateeachmotorandgeneratorforproperperformance.124Wemakesteampassthroughapipe，roundtheoutsideofwhichcoldwaterAsthepistonmovesdown，thepressureinthecylinderAsregardsthatmachine，itsmovingpartshavebeenwornAclutchisadeviceforconnectinganddisconnectingthedrivebetweentwoco-axialshafts.Inafrictionclutch,thetwopartsareheldincontactbyspringsandthetorqueistransmittedbyfrictionbetweenthecontactsurfaces.Dynamicsofmachinestreatswiththeforcesactingonthepartsofamachineandthemotionsresultingfromtheseforces.Bevelgearsareusedtotransmitpowerbetweenshaftswhoseaxesintersectandwhosepitchsurfacesarerollingcones.Straighttoothedbevelgearsarethemostcommon.Gearandchainmustbeproperlylubricated.Ifnot,therewillbealargeamount专业英语—energywastedduetoReadthefollowingparagraphcarefully,andanswerthequestions1、RemotecontrolRemotecontrolpanelsallowthemainaccumulatorunitwithitshydrauliccontrolmanifoldtobelocatedasafedistancefromtherigfloorandyetprovidefullcontroloftheBOPstack,easilyaccessabletothedriller.EveryrigisrequiredtohaveatleastoneremotecontrolpanelinordertocomplywithAPIspecificationRP53,Paragraph5.A.20and/or5.B.10.Additionally,APIRP16Erecommendsthatpanelsusedforoffshoreinstallationsmusthavemeterstoindicatepressure,alarmindicatorsandpositionstatusindicationatthedrillersposition.AsecondremotepanelisrecommendedneartheescapeexitorinasafelocationwheretheBOPstackcanbecontrolledwhenthedrillingcrewhavetoevacuatethedrillfloor.RemotecontrolpanelslocatedatthedrillersstationshouldbecapableofoperatingeveryBOPstackfunction,controllingregulatedpressuretotheannularpreventerforstrippingoperationsandbecapableofimmediatelyswitchingfromregulatedpressuretofullaccumulator Totherampreventersadditionalclosingforceshouldberequiredduringextremewellcontrolproblems.Thedrillersremotepanelshouldincludegaugesormetersforremoteindicationofthevariousoperatingpressuresandopen-closestatusofthemanifoldcontrolvalveOthermodelsareavailableonWhatisamainaccumulatorunitusedGatheringdrillingGatheringmudControllingBOPstackwithhydraulicBeingequaltoaoilInordertomeetthedemandofAPIspecificationRP53,Paragraph5.A.20and/or5.B.10,everyrigisrequiredtoinstallremotecontrolpanel(s).atleastatleastfiveornoneof-188WhatplaceisthesecondremotepanelrecommendedtobeNearthedrilleronthedrillInasafeplacewheretheBOPcanbecontrolledInasafeplacewheretheBOPcanbecontrolledbytheotherpersonswhoareinthedrillNeartheBOPWhichofthefollowingstatementsisThedrillersremotepanelshouldincludegaugesorAPIRP16Erecommendsthatpanelsusedforoffshoreinstallationsmusthavemeterstoindicatepressure,alarmindicatorsandpositionstatusindicationatthedrillersposition.Remotecontrolpanelslocatedatthedrillersstationmightcontrolthestartorstopofamudpump.RemotecontrolpanelsunitprovidefullcontroloftheBOPstack,easilyaccessabletotheInthelastparagraph,whichplaceis"themanifoldcontrolvalve"locatedMudCrownAccumulator答案 2、TDG-50MH1800RPMdieselmarinegeneratorPoweredbytheIsuzu6-cylinderModel6BG1dieselengine,thisengineisdesignedforheavydutycontinuousoperation,andfeaturesreplaceableCromarddryliners,hardenedcrankshaft,replaceablevalveguides,andreplaceablevalveseats.Thisenginedevelops173lbf·ftofmaximumtorqueat1800RPM,114HPcontinuousat1800RPM.TDGthenaddsitsmarinization?consistingofa316Lstainlesssteelwater-cooledexhaustmanifoldwithbuilt-insurgetank.Theheatexchangeriscoupleddirectlytothemanifold,eliminatingunnecessaryrubberhoses.TheheatexchangerisconstructedofCupronickelcopperandallfittingsaresolderedwithsilver.Theappropriatezincfittingsareaddedtohelpprotecttheheatexchangerfromelectrolysis.Onthebackoftheengine,aStamfordNewagesinglebearinggeneratorisrigidlycoupledtotheengine,drivenbyasteelwheeldisc-typecouplingbolteddirectlytothe专业英语—flywheelforpermanentEngine Model 6-cylinder,4cycle,water-cooled,OHVInjectiontype 4.13in(105 Oil 22.7qts.Oil 30°inclination,allEngine Castiron;sevenmainCylinder Castiron;overhead HighcarbonMax 173lbf·ft,WhatisanengineusedGatheringmovingTransmittingpowerbetweendieselengineanddriveGeneratingmechanicalpowerormotionthroughburningfuelGeneratingelectricHowmanycylindersdoesModel6BG1dieselenginehaveaccordingtothea. c. d.WhatistheinjectiontypeofthefueloilinthecylinderaccordingtotheThroughaheatThroughacoolingWhatcoolingwayisdesignedtoModel6BG1dieselWind-Air-WaterandwindWhichofthefollowingsisnotmentionedaccordingtothepassageandtheThisenginedevelops173lbf·ftofmaximumtorqueat1800RPMs,114HPcontinuous-1901800Theheatexchangeriscoupleddirectlytothemanifold,eliminatingunnecessaryrubberTheshelloftheengineismadeofcastironandpaintedThecrankshaftoftheengineismadeofhighcarbon答案 3、EmscoC-3TheEmscoC-3drawworksprovidesflexibilityandeaseofadaptationintheselectionofinputpowerarrangementsplusamplecapacitytomeettheheaviesthoistingrequirements.Itisdesignedfordrillingthedeepestholespresentlycontemplatedbytheindustry.ThemaindrumsectionoftheC-3includesthehoistingdrum,catshaft(orsandreelshaftassembly),andthesecondaryshaftportionofthedrawworkstransmission.Thetransmissionisarrangedtofittheuser'sinputpowersource.TheseinputdrivearrangementsincludeTypeforelectricalpowerandtheTypeIIIforanenginedrivencompound.Allshaftsarethelift-outtype,whichisofparticularimportancewhererigfloorspaceislimitedasonoffshoreinstallations.Drumbrakesarethefull-wraptypewiththeequalizeronthedeadendoftheband.Brakerimsareforgedsteelandarehard-surfacedtoprovidelongeconomicallife.Theserimsareequippedwithheavysteelwaterjacketsforlongservicelife.TherotarycountershaftisaseparatepackagetobepositionedinfrontoftheThisassemblycanbefurnishedalternatelyforAPIdrivecentersof531/4"or65".TheC-3willaccommodateanyoftheappropriateauxiliarybrakesavailable.AdisconnectclutchcouplesthebraketothedrumshaftassemblyandanEmscooverrunningclutchisprovidedforthoseinstallationswhereitisapplicable.TheC-3drumshaftassemblyincludesthreeclutchingarrangements.Thehighdrumclutchisaventilateddesignwhichhasprovenbestforthisfrequentlyengagedhighcapacityrequirement.ThelowdrumclutchistheTypeC-344plateclutch.ThisEmscodesignedclutchwasselectedbecauseofitshightorquecapacityandservicelifeforthisruggedclutchingfunction.Backinguptheseairoperatedclutchesisanauxiliarylowdrumdrivejawclutch,footoperatedbythedriller.Allcontrolsaremountedinthedriller'sconsolewithineasyreachoftheAllmainshaftbearingsaregreaselubricatedfromreadilyaccessiblecentralpoints.专业英语—rollerchainsarespraylubricated.AvailablewithdiskWhatisconcernedinthea. b. c. d.RotaryItisdesigneda.Drillingthedeepest b. c. d.InthemaindrumsectionoftheC-3,therearethehoistingdrum,catshaft(orsandreelshaftassembly),andthesecondaryshaftportionofthedrawworkstransmission.thehoistingdrum,twocatshaft(orsandreelshaftassembly),andthesecondaryshaftportionofthedrawworkstransmission.thecatshaft(orsandreelshaftassembly),andthesecondaryshaftportionofthedrawworkstransmission.thehoistingdrum,catshaft(orsandreelshaftassembly),andthesecondaryshaftportionofthechaintransmission.Brake arecastandtheirfacearehard-surfacedtoprovidelongeconomicalareforgedandarehard-surfacedtoprovidelongeconomicalareforgedandarehard-surfacednottoprovidelongeconomicalaresolidandtheserimsareequippedwithheavysteelwaterjacketsforlongserviceHowmanyclutchingarrangementsdoestheC-3drumshaftassemblya.b.c.d.4、TheJ-LINETMModelPBblowoutpreventeroperatesfourtimesfaster,needs70%lessclosingfluidandopensorclosesatonly600PSI.Whetherwellborepressureis0or15,000PSI,itsclosingcharacteristicsremainconsistent.Theexclusivepressurebalanceddesignmeansthattheclosingforcehastoovercomeonlypackingandramfriction.TheJ-LINETMpreventerisdesignedtobeshorterthancompetitivemodels,yetexceedtheminstrengthbyusingacombinationofinnovativefiniteelementanalysisandstraingaugetestingtechniques.Overall,itsuniquecombinationoffeaturesmaketheJ-LINETMModelPBthemostadvancedBOPonthemarket.MajorinternationaldrillingcontractorshavechosentheJ-LINETMModelPB18-19215,000PSIW.P.and135/8"15,000PSIW.P.foruseontheirsemi-submersibleandjackuprigs.Theyconsiderthesepreventerstheirmostprudentsafetyinvestment.MHKoomeyInc.manufacturesacompletelineofblowoutpreventersfrom71/16"to211/4withpressureratingsfrom2,000to15,000PSIworkingpressure.API16AcertifiedormonogrammedBOP'sareavailableuponrequest.WhatisaBlowoutPreventerusedTransmittingLiftingaControllingwellBrakingaTheclosingpressureoftheJ-LINETMModelPBblowoutcontinuestobeconstantwhetherthewellborepressureis0or15,000remainsconstantonlywhenthewellborepressureis0insteadof15,000willchangewiththewellborepressure'sis0or70%of15,000Thestructurestrengthoftheislessthancompetitiveismorethanothermodelsbyusingacombinationofinnovativefiniteelementdoesnotreachahighernumericalvaluethancompetitivemodelsthoughusingacombinationofinnovativefiniteelementanalysisandstraingaugetesting.isthesamecomparingwithothercompetitiveWhichofthefollowingstatementsisnotmentionedintheTheexclusivepressurebalanceddesignmeansthattheclosingforcehastoovercomeonlypackingandramfriction.API16AcertifiedormonogrammedBOP'sareavailableuponMHKoomeyInc.Manufacturesalotofotherequipmentyetexceptacompletelineofblowoutpreventersfrom71/16"to211/4withpressureratingsfrom2,000to15,000PSIworkingTheJ-LINETMpreventerexceedsthosecompetitivemodelsinstrengthbyusingacombinationofinnovativefiniteelementanalysisandstraingaugetestingtechniques.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTheJ-LINETMModelPBblowoutpreventeroperatesfourtimes专业英语—TheJ-LINETMModelPBblowoutpreventerneeds70%lessclosingfluidandopensorclosesatonly600PSI.Whetherwellborepressureis0or15,000PSI,theclosingcharacteristicsofJ-LINETMModelPBblowoutpreventerremainconsistent.Theexclusivepressureunbalanceddesignmeansthattheclosingforcehastoovercomenotonlypackingandbutalsoramfriction.答案 5、DrillingControlAstheworld'sleadingsupplierofBOPs,Cameronisuniquelyqualifiedtodesign,manufacture,installandservicedrillingcontrolsystemstailoredtothespecificrequirementsofCameronBOPs.Byprovidingsuperiordesign,dependableperformanceandexcellentfieldservice,CameronControlshasbecometheworldwideindustryleaderinthesupplyofstate-of-the-artdrillingcontrolsystemsforland,platformandsubseaCameronControlsprovideslandandplatformhydraulicBOPcontrolsystems,subseahydraulicBOPcontrolsystemsandsubseamultiplex(MUX)electro-hydraulicBOPcontrolTheCameronMUXcontrolsystemcombinesthereliabilityoftheCameronsubseahydrauliccontrolsystemwithelectronictechnologytoprovidetherapidactuationrequiredbysubseaBOPsoperatingindeepwater.TheCameronMUXcontrolpodisthelightestweight,mostcompactpodintheindustry.ItprovidesreliableoperationofallBOPstackfunctionsandisintendedtobefullyretrievable.ItutilizesCameron'shighlyregardedshearsealcontrolvalvestoprovidemaximumflexibilityandprecisecontrol.Whatarethe"DrillingControlSystems"usedforcontrollinginthea. b.Mud c. d.Accordingtothispassage,thecontrolsmadebyCameronandusedforonlyhavethehydrauliccontrolonlyhavetheelectriccontrolnotonlyhavethehydraulicbutalsoelectro-hydrauliccontrolonlyhavetheelectro-hydrauliccontrolInthispassage,themeaningofBOPs-194BoxofakindofequipmentusedforwellBlockofpetroleumBoxofpreventingAccordingtothispassage,wecaninferCameroncorporationisonlyoneofthetopBOPsmanufacturersintheCameroncorporationisnotoneofthetopBOPsmanufacturersintheCameroncorporationisoneofthetopbothBOPsandBOPscontrolsmanufacturesintheworld.d.CameroncorporationwillbecomeoneofthetopBOPsmanufacturesintheFromlastparagraphofthepassage,itisimpliedthattheCameronMUXcontrolnotonlyareverygoodinqualitybutalsoarewidelyusedinpetroleumareverygoodinqualitybutarenotwidelyusedinpetroleumareunreliableindonotutilizeCameron'shighlyregardedshearsealcontrolvalvestoprovidemaximumflexibilityandprecisecontrol.答案 6、TherailroadindustrycouldnothavegrownaslargeasitdidwithoutsteelThefirstrailsweremadeofiron.Butironrailswerenotstrongenoughtosupportheavytrainsrunningathighspeeds.Railroadexecutiveswantedtoreplacethemwithsteelrailsbecausesteelwastenorfifteentimesstrongerandlastedtwentytimeslonger.Beforethe1870's,however,steelwastooexpensivetobewidelyused.Itwasmadebyaslowandexpensiveprocessofheating,stirring,andreheatingironore.ThentheinventorHenryBessemerdiscoveredthatdirectingablastofsitatmeltedironinafurnacewouldburnouttheimpuritiesthatmadetheironbrittle.Astheairshotthroughthefurnace,thebubblingmetalwouldruptinshowersofsparks.Whenthefirecooled,themetalhadbeenchanged,orconvertedtosteel.TheBessemerconvertermadepossiblethemassproductionofsteel.Nowthreetofivetonsofironcouldbechangedintosteelinamatterofminutes.Justwhenthedemandformoreandmoresteeldeveloped,prospectorsdiscoveredhugenewdepositsofironoreintheMesabiRange,a120-mile-longregioninMinnesotanearLakeSuperior.TheMesabidepositsweresonearthesurfacethattheycouldbeminedwithsteam专业英语—BargesandsteamerscarriedtheironorethroughLakeSuperiortodepotsonthesouthernshoresofLakeMichiganandLakeErie.WithdizzyingspeedGary,Indiana,andToledo,Youngstown,andCleveland,Ohio,becamemajorsteel-manufacturingcenters.Pittsburghwasthegreateststeelcityofall.Steelwasthebasicbuildingmaterialoftheindustrialage.Productionskyrocketedfromseventy-seventhousandtonsin1870tooverelevenmilliontonsin1900.WhichofthefollowingisthebesttitlefortheTheRailroadFamousChargingIronintoSteelManufacturingAccordingtothepassage,therailroadindustrypreferredsteeltoironbecausesteelcheaperandmorelighter,andeasiertocleaner,andeasiertostrongerandmoreAccordingtothepassage,howdidtheBessemermethodmakethemassproductionofsteelpossible?Itdirectedairatmeltedironinafurnace,removingallItslowlyheatedironorethenstirreditandheateditItchangedironoreintoiron,whichwasasubstituteforItcouldquicklyfinddepositsofironoreundertheThefurnacethatBessemerusedtoprocessironintosteelwascalleda. b. c. Accordingtothepassage,wherewerelargedepositsofironoreInIntheMesabi答案 7、ElectronicElectronicwatchesarebasedonthetechnologyusedinsmallcalculators.They-196essentiallyofaquartzcrystalandatinyintegratedcircuit.Anelectroniccurrentfromabatterymakesthequartzcrystalvibrate.Theintegratedcircuitcontainshundredsofelectroniccomponents.Itturnsthevibrationsintoapulseforeverysecond.Thenitstoresthesecondstomakeminutes,hoursanddays.Electronicwatcheshavethreewaysofshowingthetime.SomewatcheshaveLEDs(lightemittingdiodes)whichappearassmallredfigures.ThesefigureslightuponlywhenabuttonisOtherwatcheshaveaLCD(liquidcrystaldisplay)whichiscontinuousl