专题7.定语从句（原卷版）

定语从句一．知识解析在复合句中作定语,修饰主句中某一名词或代词的从句,叫定语从句。定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词,通常位于定语从句之前。引导定语从句的是关系代词that,which,who,whom,whose等和关系副词when,where,why等。关系代词或关系副词位于先行词和定语从句之间,它既起连接作用,又充当从句中的一个成分。关系词作用先行词例句that,who,whom主语、宾语、表语Doyouknowthegirlwho/thathasgotan“A”intheexam?你知道考试中得“A”的那个女孩吗?that,which主语、宾语、表语Shegotaputerwhich/thatherparentsboughtforher.她有一台电脑,这台电脑是她父母给她买的。whose定语Theboywhosefatherisadoctorstudiesveryhard.这个男孩学习非常刻苦,他爸爸是位医生。Theroomwhosewindowisopenismine.开着窗户的那个房间是我的。when状语IstillrememberthedaywhenyouleftforBeijing.我仍然记得你动身去北京的那一天。where状语Thisistheschoolwheremymotherworks.这就是我妈妈工作的那个学校。why状语Couldyouexplainthereasonwhyyouwerelate?你能解释一下你迟到的原因吗?1.关系代词的用法一般情况下,that既可指人又可指物,可以代替who,whom和which,在从句中作主语、表语或谓语动词的宾语;which指物,在从句中作主语、表语或谓语动词及介词的宾语;who在从句中作主语、表语或宾语;whom在从句中作宾语;whose在从句中作定语。如:Adoctorisapersonwholooksafterapatient.

先行词主语谓语宾语

分析:who是关系代词,在定语从句中作主语。句意:医生就是照顾病人的人。(1)下列情况下,先行词指物时,定语从句只能用that引导,不能用which引导:①当先行词是等不定代词时。如:Isthereanything(that)youdon’tunderstand?你有什么不懂的地方吗?Tomtoldhismotherallthathadhappened.汤姆把发生的所有事情告诉了他的妈妈。②当先行词前面有修饰时。如:ThisistheonlybookthatIcanfind.这是我能找到的唯一一本书。③当序数词或形容词最高级修饰先行词时。如:ThisisthebestbookthatIhaveeverread.这是我读过的最好的书。④当先行词前面有等修饰时。如:IwanttoreadallthebooksthatwerewrittenbyLuXun.我想把鲁迅的著作全读完。⑤当主句是以疑问词which开头的特殊疑问结构时。如:Whichisthehotelthatyoulikebest?哪个是你最喜欢的旅店?(2)关系代词的省略一般情况下,关系代词作宾语时可以省略,但关系代词which,whom在从句中作介词的宾语并且介词位于关系代词前时,不能省略。如:I’llneverforgetthedayonwhichIjoinedtheclub.我永远不会忘记我加入俱乐部的那一天。注意:that,which,who在从句中作主语时,不能省略。如:Whoistheboythatistalkingwithourteacher?正在和我们老师谈话的那个男孩是谁?2.关系副词的用法(1)when表示时间,在定语从句中作时间状语。如:IstillremembertheyearwhenyougraduatedfromNo.8MiddleSchool.我依然记得你从八中毕业的那一年。(2)why表示原因,在定语从句中作原因状语,其先行词只有表示原因的reason一词。如:Wedon’tknowthereasonwhyhewaslateforschool.我们不知道他为什么上学迟到了。(3)where表示地点,在定语从句中作地点状语。如:ThatistheschoolwhereIstudiedthreeyearsago.那是我三年前就读的学校。题组训练一、选择适当的词填空1.Theboy(who;whom;which)isplayingpingpongismyclassmate.

2.Theonlyemail(who;that;which)Ireceivedyesterdaywasfrommysister.

3.Ihatepeople(that;which;whom)talkmuchbutdolittle.

4.Thehotel(which;that;where)westayedlastsummerisagoodone.

5.CanyouhelpmefindsomeinformationaboutEinstein(which;who;whom)Icanuseformyreport?

6.Thisisthemostamazingphoto(which;that;who)Ihaveeverseen.

随堂练习1.YouRaiseMeUpisasong________bringsmemuchcourageinthefaceofchallenges.A.who B.when C.which D.where2.—Doyouknowtheboyoverthere?—Theoneisholdingaball?Oh,that’smyneighborPhil.A.what B.which C.who D.不填3.Mr.Brownisateacher__________isstrictwithallisstudents.A.which B.who C.where4.DuFuguoisaheroisknowntomillionsofChinesepeople.A.who B.which C.what5.Thebook__________Ireadlastnightwasfantastic.A.that B.what C.whose D.who6.Shewassoangryat__________hewasdoing__________shewalkedoutwithoutaword.A.what;thatB.that;whatC.what;whatD.that;that二1.—Whataretheytalkingabout?—Theyaretalkingaboutthegreatestinventions________havemadeabigdifferencetoourdailylife.A.which B.who C.that2.—DoyouknowLiZiqi?—Ofcourse.Sheisabeautifulgirl________hasmademanyvideostoshowatraditionalChinesewayoflife.A.whose B.where C.which D.who3.Thebook________coverhasabeautifulpictureisLily's.A.which B.whose C.that4.Thenurse_____________islookingaftertheoldmanisTom’ssister.A.which B.who C.what5.Indifficulttimes,therearealwaysnationalheroes________stepupandbringpeoplehope.A.whom B.which C.who6.LiWenliangisabravedoctor________isknowntomillionsofChinesepeople.A.who B.which C.what D.when7.We’llneverforgetthose________losttheirlivesforourcountry.A.who B.which C.whom8.DuFuisagreatChinesepoet________hasbeepopularwithmanypeoplearoundtheworld.A．which B．whom C．who9.Wealllikeedies__________makeusrelaxed.A.who B.that C.whom10.ThisistheCD_____________Iboughtlastyear.A.who B.that C.whom一Aladyoncewrotealongstory.Shesentittoafamouseditor.After__1__weekstheeditor__2__thestorytoher.Theladywas__3__.Shewortebacktotheeditor:“DearSir,Yesterdayyousentbackastoryofmine.__4__doyouknowthatthestoryisnotgood?Youdidnotreadit.__5__Isentyouthestory,Ipastedtogetherpages18,19and20.Thiswasa__6__toseewhetheryouwouldreadthestory.Whenthestorycamebackyesterday,thepageswere__7__pastedtogether.Isthisthe__8__youreadallthestoriesthataresenttoyou?”Theeditorwroteback:“DearMadam,__9__breakfastwhenIhaveanegg,I__10__eatthewholeegginordertodiscoverthatitisbad.”1.A.few B.afew C.little D.alittle2.A.gave B.cameback C.handed D.returned3.A.angry B.happy C.satisfied D.glad4.A.How B.Why C.What D.Where5.A.After B.Until C.Before D.Since6.A.lesson B.test C.question D.thing7.A.already B.still C.even D.yet8.A.work B.check C.road D.way9.A.On B.Onthe C.At D.Atthe10.A.mustnot B.havenotto C.neednotto D.don’thaveto二Greenlandisthelargestislandintheworld.Itisinthe1ofEurope.NearGreenlandisanotherisland.Itissmall.Its2isIceland.DoyouthinkthatGreenlandisgreenandwarm?DoyouthinkthatIcelandiswhitewithice?Ifyoudo,youare3.NotmanypeopleliveonthebigislandofGreenland.There4morepeopleinyourhometownthaninallofGreenland.ThatisbecauseGreenlandisnotgreen.Greenlandis5.Mostoftheislandiscoveredwithlotsofice.TheicecoveringGreenlandis6thantheworld'stallestbuilding.What__7Iceland?Isitcolder