Unit2 Sports and fitness Lesson 1 定语从课件高中英语北师大版（2019）必修第一册

AttributiveClause定语从句ContentsADefinition

（定义）Relativepronoun（关系代词）Adverbs（关系副词）Mattersneedingattention（注意事项）Exercises（练习）演示文稿标题2Definition定义演示文稿标题3定语是用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的。修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。a

beautiful

city形容词hisbook物主代词agirlinred介宾短语thereisnothingtodotodaytodo不定式women

teachers名词Lily’scomputer名词所有格演示文稿标题4定语从句：顾名思义，用来修饰名词或代词充当定语的句子，通常位于被修饰词之后。Theboywhoistallismybrother.演示文稿标题5Relativepronoun关系代词Step1:ObservingObservethefollowingsentencesandtrytofindwhattheyhaveincommon.1.Thisisthemuseumwhich/thatwasbuiltlastyear.2.Theboywho/thatareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.3.Thegirlwho/whom/thatIjusttalkedwithismysister.4.Thebagwhosecolorisblueismine.5.TheboywhosehomeisinBeijingstudiesinmyclass.6.Aseverybodyknows,Shakespeareisafamouswriter.7.Wehavefoundsuchmaterialsasareusedintheirfactory.演示文稿标题7演示文稿标题8Step2:Conclusion:Formation:先行词(n./pron.)+引导词（关系代词）+定语从句Usage：先行词关系代词在从句中作用人/物that作主语、宾语、表语物which作主语、宾语、表语、定语人who作主语、宾语人whom作宾语、表语人/物whose作定语(先行词和从句的主语之间有所属关系)句子/人/物as作主语、宾语、表语Step3:Classification(定语从句的分类)1.限制性定语从句：不用逗号与主句隔开；只可修饰先行词，不可以修饰主句或主句的一部分（先行词通常是名词、代词或词组）；翻译成“…..的”。TheareaalongtheYellowRiveristheplacewhichmustbeprotected.2.非限制性定语从句：和先行词关系比较松散（是一种补充说明）；一般用逗号与主句隔开；不可用关系代词that或关系副词why来引导；关系代词作宾语时不可省略；可以修饰整个主句或主句的一部分；翻译为“…..的”。Hisdaughter,whoisinBoston,iscominghere.Peterdrovefast,whichwasdangerous.演示文稿标题9Moredetailsabout“as”:1.as

引导限制性定语从句时，主要谓语thesame…as,such…as,so…as结构。as

在定语从句中可指人也可指物，在从句中常作主语、宾语、表语。

Wehavefoundsuchmaterialsasareusedintheirfactory.2.as引导非限制性定语从句时，其先行词是整个主语时，常译成“正如，正像”，此时从句的位置不限，可位于主句之前也可位于主句之后。Aseverybodyknows,Shakespeareisafamouswriter.She

is

very

patient,

as

is

shown

in

her

work.演示文稿标题10Step4:Exercises1.People_____takephysicalexerciselivelonger.2.Whenweweren’tplayingonthecourt_______wasnexttoourbuilding,wewerewatchingagameonTV.3.Bogueswasonly1.6metrestall,_____madehimtheshortestplayereverintheNBA.4.Hewasstillusuallyonthebench,beingjustareplacement,_____wasreallytoughonhim.5.Sheisverypatient,_____isshowninherwork.6.Heisnotthesameman_____hewas.演示文稿标题11whowhichwhichwhichasasAdverbs关系副词演示文稿标题12Step1:ObservingObservethefollowingsentencesandtrytounderstandhowtouse“when,where,why”1.I’llcherishthemomentwhenImetLisa.先行词是表示时间的名词，关系副词when在句子中做时间状语2.Isthereashoparoundwherewecangetfruit?Youcouldgetintoasituationwhereyouhavetodecideimmediately.先行词是表示地点的名词或者抽象地点名称，关系副词where在句子中作地点状语。Wedon’tknowthereasonwhytheydidn’tattendthemeeting.先行词是表示原因的名词reason，关系副词why在句子中作原因状语演示文稿标题13Step2ConclusionUsage：演示文稿标题14先行词关系副词在从句中的作用时间when作时间状语地点/抽象地点名词(case/situation/condition/stage/point/activity)where作地点状语原因why作原因状语Step3Exercises1.Thetime________IfirstmetMr.Whitewasaverydifferentperiodofmylife.2.Thehotel________hestayedwasveryclean.3.Thisisthehouse________Iwasborn.4.Thereason________IgotajobwasthatIworkedhard.演示文稿标题15whenwherewherewhyStep4Relativepron.&AdverbsTrytocomparethefollowingsentencesanddrawaconclusion1.Thereason___________hegaveussoundedreasonable.2.Idon’tknowthereason_______hequarreledwithyou.3.I’llneverforgettheday___________wespenttogether.4.I’llneverforgettheday_________Imetyou.5.Thisistheverycollege____________wevisitedlastyear.6.Thisisthecollege_________Istudiedthreeyearsago.演示文稿标题16thatwhythatwhenthatwhereConclusion:对于同一个先行词，要确定是用关系代词还是关系副词，关键是要弄清楚关系词在从句中担任什么成分。如果关系词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语等就用关系代词；如果关系词作状语，则用关系副词。演示文稿标题17Step5Adverbs=prep.+which先行词关系副词在从句中作用与“介词+关系代词”的关系表示时间的名词：time,year,day等when作时间状语=at/in/on/duringwhich表示地点的名词：park,place,job,situation等where作地点状语=in/on/atwhich表示理由的名词：reasonwhy作原因状语=forwhich演示文稿标题18Examples:1.Thehotelwherewestayedwasveryclean.=Thehotelatwhichwestayedwasveryclean.2.I’llneverforgetthedaywhenwefirstmet.=I’llneverforgetthedayduringwhichwefirstmet.3.ThereasonwhyIgotajobwasthatIworkedhard.=ThereasonforwhichIgotajobwasthatIworkedhard.演示文稿标题19Exercises:1.Thereason________shewaslatewasthatshemissedherplane.2.Thisisthehouse_______Ilivedin.3.Thisisthehousein________Ilived.4.Igotastage________Iwasn’tcopingwithanymore.5.Igotastage________Iwasn’tcopinganymore.6.Idon’twantajob________I’mchainedtoadeskallday.7.Wehavereachedthepoint___________achangeisneeded.演示文稿标题20whythatwhichthatwithwhichwherewhereMattersneedingattention注意事项

一.用that不用which的情况Which和that在定语从句中指代事物时，一般可互换使用，但在下列情况下通常用that而不用which:1.当先行词是all,everything,anything,nothing,much,few,little,theone等不定代词或者被不定代词修饰时，常用that引导定语从句。Eg.Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.2.先行词前有only，few，any，little，no，all，every，very等词修饰时，常用that引导定语从句。Eg.ThisistheverybookthatIwanttobuy.3.先行词前面有序数词(first，second等)或形容词的最高形式对其修饰时，常用that引导定语从句。Eg.Thefirstthingthatweshoulddonowistofindalocalguide.4.在并列的先行词中既有人又有物时，要用that引导定于从句。Eg.Theytalkedofthingsandpersonsthattheyrememberedintheschool.演示文稿标题226.主句以Therebe…开头，先行词为物时常用that引导定语从句。Eg.Thereisaroominthebuildingthatisstillfree.7.主句是以who,which或what开头的特殊疑问句时，用that引导定语从句。Eg.Whichisthebikethatyoulost?在以Therebe…开头，先行词为人的句子中，常用who引导定语从句。Eg.Thereisaprettygirlwhowantstoseeyou.演示文稿标题23二.用which不用that的情况1.在非限制性定语从句中：Theweatherturnedouttobeveryfine,whichwasmorethanwecouldexpect.2.在介词后ThisisthepenwithwhichIwrotetheletter.3.当先行词本身是that或是those且指物时。Eg.Paulhasfoundthatwhichhelostyesterday.演示文稿标题24三.只用who而不用that1.先行词是one,ones,anyone等不定代词时Eg.EveryoneknewPaulhadrealskill,andwassomeonewhoworkedreallyhard.2.当先行词是人，后面有较长修饰语时Eg.Doyouknowtheteacherinbluewithabookinhishandwhoisstandingatthegate?3.先行词为those或被those修饰时，常用who引导定语从句Eg.Thosewholikefootballcanenterforthegame.4.在以Therebe…开头，先行词为人的句子中，常用who引导定语从句。Eg.Thereisaprettygirlwhowantstoseeyou.演示文稿标题255.在非限制性定语从句中，先行词指人时，常用who引导定语从句。Eg.Imetanoldfriendofmineinthestreet,whohadjustcomefromEngland.6.当先行词是I,you,he,they等时(多用于谚语中)。Eg.HewhodoesnotreachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.7.在介词前置时只用whom。Eg.Inthedarkstreet,therewasnotasinglepersontowhomshecouldturnforhelp.演示文稿标题26四.that代替关系副词的情况如果先行词是time,moment,place,reason,way,direction,distance等,关系副词可用that代替，且that常省略:Eg.I’dliketoknowthereason(that/why/forwhich)youchangetheplan.演示文稿标题27Exercises练习高考链接1.(2024新课标全国1卷）Noeditorislikelytotolerateawriter______doesnottakethetroubletospellwordscorrectly.2.(2024新课标全国1卷）Hebecameinterestedinalternativetreatments20yearsago______hesufferedfromterriblebackpain.3.(2022全国甲）On

the

1,100-kilometerjourney,themanCaoShengkang,______losthiseyesightattheageofeightinacaraccident,crossed40citiesandcountiesinthreeprovinces.4.(2022新高考1)TheGPNPisintendedtoprovidestrongerprotectionforallthespecies_____livewithintheGiantPandaRange.演示文稿标题29whowhenwhothat5.(2020新高考1）The80，000objectscollectedbySirHandsSloane,forexample,formedthecorecollectionoftheBritishMuseum______openedin1759.6.(2024全国甲）YellowstonewasthelargestUnitedStatesnationalpark—2.2millionacres—untilWrangell-SaintEliasinsouthernAlaska,_________becameanationalmonumentin1978,tookthehonorsasanationalparkin1980with12.3millionacres.7.(2024全国甲)Theonlyopportunity_______shecouldseizetostudywaswhenherbrotherwashavingChineselessonswiththefamilytutor.8.(2024全国甲)Thisissomething______Iadmire—herabilitytoopenhereyesunderwater.演示文稿标题30wh