Unit 1 Science and Scientists 单词精讲课件高二上学期英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第二册

severe

severeweather恶劣天气severewinter寒冬severepain剧痛severe

adj

严重的extremelybadorserious：severedamage/aseveredrought

严厉的；苛刻的：beseverewithoneself

严峻的；激烈的：aseverewinterseverecompetition词汇拓展►severelyadv严重地；严厉地：aseverelypollutedlakeAnyonebreakingthelawwillbeseverelypunished.问题、损害、疾病等“严重的”人对待事情的态度“严重的”环境或形势等“严重的”严重的严厉的；苛刻的严峻的；激烈的severe语义网络图严重的severe基本义subscribe温故知新根据所给汉语，完成句子。I’mafraid

Ican’t________________________（同意）thetheory.agreewith/subscribetosubscribeto是正式用语subscribevi1.

订阅（报纸、杂志等）：subscribetoTime

2.

定期交纳（会费）；定期捐款：subscribetoacharity

3.

认购（股份）subscribetosharesofthecompany4.［正式用语］同意；赞成：

Snowsubscribedtothesecondtheory.Allscientistssubscribetotheviewthattheincreaseintheearth’stemperatureisduetotheburningoffossilfuels.课文suspect

v[不用于进行时]

vt&vi猜想；怀疑

tobelievethatsthmayhappenorbetrue：Snowsuspectedthatthewaterpumpwastoblame.Thedoctorssuspectedcancer.Shestronglysuspectedhe

waslyingtoher.She’snotgoingtobeveryhappyaboutthis,Isuspect.认为某事（尤为坏事）可能真实或可能发生，但尚无确切依据。课文

vt怀疑（某人有罪）tothinkthatsbisprobablyguiltyofacrime：suspect

sbof(doing)sth:Theysuspecthimofatheft.Thepolicemansuspectedhimofkillingthegirl.n[C]嫌疑犯；可疑分子：questionasuspectadj

不可信的；可疑的：asuspectpackagesuspectThelawsIlove,thelawyersIsuspect.——CharlesChurchill西方人向来不乏对律师的揶揄之词。这句话译作“我热爱法律，但我怀疑律师。”说到怀疑，我们很容易想到doubt，这里为什么用suspect呢？doubt和suspect有什么区别呢?suspect：tobelievethatsthbadmayhappenormay

betrue认为某事会发生，尚缺少依据。

Thepolicemansuspectedherofstealingthewallet.辨析suspect，doubtdoubt：tothinkthatsthmaynotbetrueorthatitisunlikely不确定某事或者认为某事不可能。

Idoubt

if

itwillraintomorrow.AJokeTeacher:Betty,youmadesomanymistakesinyourexercises,surelyyourmotherwillblame

you!Betty:

Blamemeforthem?Oh,no.Onthecontrary,sheistoblame,becauseitwasshethatdidmyhomeworkinstead.vt

责备；把……归咎于

tosayorthinkthatsb/sthisresponsibleforsthbad:You’vefailedtodowhatyouwereexpectedtoandI’mafraidtheteacherwillblameyou.①blamesb/sthfor(doing)sth:Whilewecan’tchangethebodytypewearebornwith,wecan’tblameourgenesformakingusfat.Onceyouformthehabitofblamingsomebodyorsomethingelseforabadsituation,youarealoser.blame

②blamesthonsb/sth:Policeareblamingtheaccidentondangerousdriving.【常见搭配】betoblame(forsth)（对某事）负有责任：It’sallmyfault.I’mtoblame.Whoistoblameforthefire?n

[U]（对错误/坏事应负的）责任；责备responsibilityforamistakeorsthbad：take/beartheblameWheredoestheblame

for

ourfailurelie?Lotsofpeoplefindithardtogetupinthemorning,andput

the

blame

on

thealarmclock.同义异构：beresponsibleforhandle

n[C]柄；把手：TeainChinawastraditionallydrunkfromcupswithouthandles.turnadoorhandlehandle

v

vt

（用手）触；碰；拿

totouchorholdsthwithyourhand(s)：Washyourhandsbeforeyouhandlefood.Fragile.Handlewithcare!

vt&vi操纵；驾驭

tocontrolavehicle,ananimal,etc.：Drivingacarisnotjusthandlingcontrolsandjudgingspeedanddistance.Pricedatover$120,000,thecarhandles

perfectly

wellandhasgreatspeedacceleration.

vt

处理；应付

todealwithasituation,aperson,etc.：Wemustlearntohandleconflictscalmlyandwisely.

表示“处理；解决”的表达有哪些？handle语义网络图handlenv与hand息息相关把手；柄处理；应付（“掌”握局势、人、工作或情感）（用手）触；碰；拿

（词源义）操纵；驾驭（用“手”接触车辆、动物、工具等以控制）根据所给汉语，在空白处填入适当的短语。1.Scientistshaveestablishedapossible________________________________________________（癌症和日常饮食之间的联系）.2.Theproblemsoftheeconomy___________________________________________________（与一些社会问题密切相关）.connection/linklinkbetweencanceranddietarecloselyrelatedto/connectedwith/linkedto/with/relationship

环；节

联系；关联(connection)

：Istherealinkbetweensmokingandlungdisease?

（交通、沟通的）连接线；（互联网的）链接：arail/road/telephonelinklink

vt连接；联系

(connect)

：Hewalkedwithher,linkingarms.

link...to/with把……连接/联系起来:Asubwaylinewilllinktheairporttothecitycentre.Yellowislinkedwithconfidence,self-respectandfriendliness.link

n[C]

link语义网络图连接人和人、物和物的“环；节”链状物上连接在一起的“环；节”连接交通、沟通的“环；节”连接互联网的“环；节”环节环；节link（基本义）nv联系；关联（交通、沟通的）连接线（互联网的）链接连接；联系decreasevt&vi（使）减少；（使）减小：Thenumberofnewstudentsdecreasedfrom210to160thisyear.Thepriceofwheatdecreasedby15%lastyear.Peopleplantedtreesonthewastehillstodecreasewaterandsoilloss.n[C]&[U]

减少；[C]减少的量

(reduction)：Therehasbeenadecreaseinimports.Therehasbeenadecreaseofnearly6%inthenumberofvisitorstothemuseum.写出下列句子中画线词的汉语释义。1.Multifunctionalfurniturecanbeusedforgueststosleep.________2.Theone-timefarmerisnowtheservantofsomemulti-nationalorganisation.________3.Thebottomoftheoceanisfullofvariousandmulticolouredcoral.________4.Theresearchindicatesthatpeoplewhomultitaskhavethepoorestresultsindoingvariousthingsatthesametime.________多功能的多国的同时处理多项任务多彩的/五彩斑斓的multipleadj

多个（人/事件/物组成）的；数量多的n[C]倍数solid■n[C]固体：Waterexistsasasolid,aliquidandagas.■adj

实心的：asolidball

固体的：solidfuel/food

坚固的；牢固的：Theoldhousehasasolidfoundation.

可靠的；扎扎实实的：

Thiswaswhenyoushouldhavecalmeddownandgotdowntodoingsomesolidwork.Thereissolidevidencetoshowhewasn’ttherewhenthecrimetookplace.课文谈论影片的时候我们经常会说某部影片“卡司强大”，这里的“卡司”是英语cast的中文音译，意思是演员阵容。castcastvt

投；扔；抛；撒；掷：Thefishermancasthisnetintothewater.

投射（光、影、视线等）：castashadowonthewallHecastalookatthewoman.cast词源解读“扔、投”具体的某物到某处“扔、投”光线、视线等于某物

为（戏剧、角色）选派演员；投票：Musictalentsfrommanydifferentcountrieswerecast.Peoplenotonlycaston-linevotesthemselves,butalsourgeotherstovoteforcompetitions.常用搭配(be)castdown［不用于名词前］沮丧的n[C]

投；抛：Hecaughtafishathissecondcast.

全体演员：anall-starcast把演员“扔、投”到舞台上把选票“扔、投”给某人cast语义网络图“扔、投”具体的某物到某处投；扔；抛；撒；掷投；抛n扔、投castv（基本义）“扔、投”光线、视线于某物把演员“扔、投”到舞台上把选票“扔、投”给某人投射（光、影、视线等）为（戏剧、角色）选派演员投票全体演员shadow

taichi/shadow

boxingshadowplayshadow

n

[C]影子；阴影；坏影响：shadowplayHerfather’sillnesscastashadowover/ontheweddingcelebrations.shadowsundersb’seyestheshadowofdeath

[U]［也可用复数］背光处；阴暗处

：Sometimesshesitsaloneintheshadow(s).shadevsshadow

shade指阳光照不到的地方，如树下或墙边的阴凉处，一般没有具体的轮廓。

shadow指某物遮住阳光或其他光源后形成的影子，可以引申为“不良的兆头或阴影”，也可指黑暗的地方。

Let’ssitintheshadeofthetreeforawhile.

Myfriendjumpedoutoftheshadowsandtappedonmyshoulders.pour多义词pour都有哪些词义呢？pour

v

vt倒；注；灌：Pleasepourmeanothercupoftea.Shepouredsomemilkintoaglass.

vi（水等）不断流出；（烟等）被吐出：TearsofhappinesspoureddownSusan’scheeks.Blacksmokepouredfromthebackofmycar.

vi不断涌向/涌现(flood)：PeoplehavebeenpouringintostadiumssincethedaysofancientGreece.Lettersandpostcardspouredineveryday.

vi（雨）倾盆而下：Itneverrainsbutitpours.pour语义网络图“倒”液体持续“倒”出（液体、烟、光等）倒；注；灌（水等）不断流出；（烟等）被吐出“倒”出大量的人或物不断涌向/涌现雨水被“倒”出来

（雨）倾盆而下倒pour基本义（火灾、战争等）突然爆发：Doeseveryoneknowwhattodoifafirebreaksout?WhenWorldWarIbrokeout,heseemedtohavebecomeanotherman,downhearted.【词汇拓展】outbreakn[C]（暴力、疾病等坏事的）爆发；突然发生：theoutbreakofdisease/warbreakoutdefend“我不同意你说的每一句话，但我誓死捍卫你说话的权利。”这句话来自英国女作家伊夫林·比阿特丽斯·霍尔所作的《伏尔泰的朋友们》(TheFriendsofVoltaire)。伏尔泰（Voltaire，1694—1778），18世纪法国启蒙思想家、文学家、哲学家

，是十八世纪法国资产阶级启蒙运动的泰斗，被誉为“法兰西思想之王”“法兰西最优秀的诗人”“欧洲的良心”，主张开明的君主政治，强调自由和平等。defend

defend防御：de-向下、离开。-fend击、打，即击挡开、防御。offend冒犯、进攻：of-向前、朝向。-fend攻击，引申词义进攻、冒犯。fence隔开、击剑、篱笆：缩写自defence或defense,挡开。引申义击剑，篱笆等。

vt&vi防护；防御；保卫：

Chinaneededitsownpowerfulairforcetoprotectanddefendthecountry.

Allourofficersaretrainedtodefendthemselvesfrom/againstknifeattacks.

vt为……辩护；为……辩解：Studentsshouldbereadytoexplainanddefendtheirviews.Thelawallowspeopletodefendthemselvesagainstacharge.

vt&vi（比赛中）防守；防卫：Whataretheforwardsdoing—attackingordefending?defendv课文防护；防御；保卫defend防护（基本义）武力“防护”为……辩护；为……辩解（比赛中）防守；防卫比赛中“防护”言语“防护”defend语义网络图defend,guard,protect辨析①三者都含有“保护”之意。defend

指“保卫”“防御”，指抵御或击退外来的攻击。guard

指“守护”“看守”，指保持警惕或注意来防止危险发生。protect语义范围广，指“保护”，以免遭受危险、伤害等。②在体育运动中，defend

和

guard

均指“防守”。Whenthedogattackedme,Idefendedmyselfwithastick.Thedogwasguardingitsowner’sluggage.We’redoingwhateverwecantoprotectourenvironmentfrompollution.incharge(ofsth)主管/负责（某事）：

HewasputinchargeofnotonlydevelopingChina’srocketsciencebutalsoitsspaceandmissileprogramme.I’dliketospeaktothepersonincharge.CouldIspeaktowhoeverisinchargeofInternationalSalesplease?课文不要纠缠于谁对谁错，重要的是要找到解决的办法。——亨利•福特亨利•福特（HenryFord，1863—1947），美国汽车工程师与企业家，福特汽车公司的建立者。他也是世界上第一位使用流水线大批量生产（massproduce）汽车的人。他的生产方式使汽车成为一种大众产品，他不但革命了工业生产方式，而且对现代社会和文化起了巨大的影响。faultfault

n

[U]（对错误所负的）责任；过失；过错theresponsibilityforsthwrongthathashappenedorbeendone：I’mreallysorry—it’sallmyownfault.It’shisfaultthatwewerelate.

[C]缺点；缺陷；故障aweakaspectofsb’scharacterorsththatiswrongornotperfect：Everybodyhashisfaults.ThesweaterhadafaultinitandIhadtotakeitback.atfault有责任；有错：Perhapstherailwayauthoritiesareatfaultforpoorsignallingsystem.指事物时，意为“缺陷；瑕疵”指人时，意为“缺点；弱点”，和shortcoming同义findfault(with)找茬儿；抱怨；挑剔：Thefault-finder

willfindfaultineverywhereandanytime,eveninparadise!Lifecanbegreatwhenyouarenotbusyfindingfaultwithit.

你知道网球比赛中，专业术语“发球失误”如何表达吗？其实fault还有个意思就是“（网球比赛中）发球失误”，而doublefault就是“双误”，即网球连续两次发球失误，失一分。■vt

找……的缺点；指责；挑剔：Nobodywillfaultyouforit.

►faultlessadj

无错误的；完美无缺的►faultyadj有错误的；有缺陷的名词动词化fault,error,mistake辨析fault指对“过失、过错”应负的责任，强调“过”。mistake在日常英语中用得最为广泛，指用词或数字上的错误、口误、笔误，也可指决定错误，强调“误”。

error与mistake意义相近，但较为正式。•It’smyfaultthatwemissedthebus.

•I’mnotblamingyou—weallmakemistakes.•Ipickedupyourbagbymistake.•Theremustbeanerrorinourcalculations.•Theletterwassenttoyouinerror.shift电脑键盘上的shift键，到底是干什么的？Shift键是键盘中的一个上档转换键，可用于中英文转换，左右各有1个shift键。shift键具有输入法切换、快速切换半角和全角、选择连续文件、直接删除文件等功能。■

v

vi&vt（使）转移；（使）移动：shiftthefurnitureJoelistened,shiftinguncomfortablyfromonefoottoanother.TheWhiteHousehopestoshiftthemedia’sattention

awayfromforeignpolicyissues.

vi&vt（使）改变tochangeyouropinionoforattitudetowardssb/sth：Herefusedtoshifthisground(=changehisopinion).shift基本义：转移■

n

[C]转移；转换：Qianchangedhismajorbecauseofashiftinpersonalinterest.Ashiftinthewindisexpectedtonight.

[C]班；轮班：beontheday/nightshift

[U]（计算机）转换（键）(shiftkey)shift课文shift语义网络图转移shift（基本义）“转移”物体“转移”想法或态度等（使）转移；（使）移动（使）改变转移；转换班；轮班（计算机）转换（键）nv随堂检测cast写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。1.Againshe

cast

alooktowardthewindow.（2011浙江）______2.TheplayisbeingcastinboththeUSandBritain. ________3.ThesitewhereZhangXianzhongcastlumps（块）ofpuresilverisbeingdug.________4.Toqualify,candidatesmustgetatleast10%ofthevotescast.________投射（视线）挑选演员扔投票shadow写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。1.Thechildrenwerehavingfun,chasingeachother’s

shadows.________2.Hedidn’twanttocastashadowontheirhappiness.________

3.IthoughtIsawafigurestandingintheshadows.

________4.Kategrewupintheshadowofherfilmstarsister.________影子给……蒙上一层阴影在阴暗处在……的阴影下pour写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。1.Pourtheoilintoafryingpan.________2.Ifeltasharppainandlookeddowntoseebloodpouringfrommyleg.________3.Iwasstandinginthepouringrainforanhourwaitingformybus.

________4.Offersofhelppouredinfromalloverthecountry.________5.Lightwaspouringintotheyard.________涌出倾盆大雨倒纷纷伸出援助之手倾泄defend

一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。1.Thetravelermayfireatawildbeasttodefendhimselfincaseheisattacked.（2014江西）

________2.Politiciansareskilledatdefendingthemselvesagainsttheircritics.________3.Inthelasttenminutesofthematch,weneededtodefend. ________自卫为……辩护防守二、选出适当的单词，