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YUNGA
LEARNINGANDACTIONSERIES
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Energy
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Challenge
Badge
Bioenergysupplement
FAO::GLOBALBIOENERGYPARTNERSHIP
Thisbookletisintendedasaguideforteachersandyouthleaders.Theseindividualsareresponsibleforthedevelopmentofprogrammesandactivitiesthataresuitablefortheirgroupandshouldprovidetherequiredsupervisionandsafetyprecautionstoensureallparticipantsaresafeandsound.
ThedesignationsemployedandthepresentationofmaterialinthisinformationproductdonotimplytheexpressionofanyopinionwhatsoeveronthepartoftheFoodandAgricultureOrganizationoftheUnitedNations(FAO)concerningthelegalordevelopmentstatusofanycountry,territory,cityorareaorofitsauthorities,orconcerningthedelimitationofitsfrontiersorboundaries.Thementionofspecificcompaniesorproductsofmanufacturers,whetherornotthesehavebeenpatented,doesnotimplythatthesehavebeenendorsedorrecommendedbyFAOinpreferencetoothersofasimilarnaturethatarenotmentioned.
Theviewsexpressedinthisinformationproductarethoseoftheauthor(s)anddonotnecessarilyreflecttheviewsorpoliciesofFAO.
Requiredcitation:FAO.2024.EnergyChallengeBadge:Bioenergysupplement.YUNGAlearningandactionseries.Rome.
/10.4060/cd1397en
ISBN978-92-5-138924-9
©FAO,2024
Somerightsreserved.ThisworkismadeavailableundertheCreativeCommonsAttribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike3.0IGOlicence(CCBY-NC-SA3.0IGO;
/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/igo/legalcode
).
Underthetermsofthislicence,thisworkmaybecopied,redistributedandadaptedfornon-commercialpurposes,eworkisappropriatelycited.Inanyuseofthiswork,thereshouldbenosuggestionthatFAOendorses
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YOUTHANDUNITEDNATIONSGLOBALALLIANCE(YUNGA)
Energy
Challenge
Badge
Bioenergysupplement
Developedincollaborationwith
FoodandAgricultureorganizationoftheunitedNations
TheGlobalBioenergyPartnership(GBEP)
TheWorldAssociationofGirlGuidesandGirlScouts(WAGGGS)andtheWorldOrganizationofthe
ScoutMovement(WOSM)endorsethiseducationalbadgeframeworkforusebyGuidesandScouts
aroundtheworld,adaptingitasnecessarytotheirlocalneedsandrequirements.
FOODANDAGRICULTUREORGANIZATIONOFTHEUNITEDNATIONS|2023
TABLEOF
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
WELCOME 6
BESAFEANDSOUND! 8
BADGESTRUCTUREANDCURRICULUM 10
BACKGROUNDINFORMATION20
SECTIONA:UNDERSTANDINGBIOENERGY 22
SECTIONB:BIOENERGYSOURCESANDIMPACTS 26
Woodfuel 26
Agriculturalcrops 31
Residuesandwastes 35
SECTIONC:PRODUCINGANDUSINGBIOENERGY 38
Bioenergyproduction 38
Bioenergyuse 42
SECTIOND:BIOENERGYFORASUSTAINABLEWORLD 48
Planet 50
People 51
Profit 51
SECTIONE:TAKEACTION 54
Actionsforgovernmentsanddecision-makers 54
ActionsforYOU! 62
YOUTHANDUNITEDNATIONSGLOBALALLIANCELEARNINGANDACTIONSERIES
4
ENERGYBADGECURRICULUM
SectionA:UNDERSTANDINGBIOENERGY 64
SectionB:BIOENERGYSOURCESANDIMPACTS 68
SectionC:PRODUCINGANDUSINGBIOENERGY 72
SectionD:BIOENERGYFORASUSTAINABLEWORLD 78
SectionE:TAKEACTION 82
CHECKLIST 86
RESOURCESANDADDITIONALINFORMATION87
WEBSITES 88
GLOSSARY 90
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 96
ENERGYCHALLENGEBADGE-BIOENERGYSUPPLEMENT5
WELCOME
Bioenergy
isarenewableenergythatcanhelpfight
“
climatechange
andprovideaccesstocleanenergy!
“
YOUTHANDUNITEDNATIONSGLOBALALLIANCELEARNINGANDACTIONSERIES
6
INTRODUCTION
Youmightalreadyknowthatmostenergycurrentlyproducedintheworldcomes
,–vgea,s,e
greenhousegasesemittedfortheproductionofenergy.
eiery.rseating
sustainability.Inthisguidewewilllearnallaboutbioenergyandhowtoassesswhetheritissustainable.
o,,c
youcanlearnmoreabouttheinterestingworldofbioenergy.Onceyouave
ThisbookletisasupplementtotheYUNGAEnergyChallengeBadgesotat
completedtheBioenergySupplement,youwillbeabletoclaimyourEnergy
ChallengeBadgewithaspecialisationinbioenergy!
TAKEthisbookletandEXPLORE,PLAYandDISCOVER–andwhileyou’
,r!:ie!outo
ENERGYCHALLENGEBADGE-BIOENERGYSUPPLEMENT7
BE
SAFEANDSOUND!
DEARLEADERORTEACHER,
TheChallengeBadgesaredesignedtosupportyouin
undertakingeducationalactivities.However,asyouwill
beimplementingtheseactivitiesindifferentcontextsand
environments,itisuptoyoutoensurethattheactivitiesyouchooseareappropriateandsafe.Thisdocumentcontainsa
numberofsuggestedactivitiestohelpyourgrouplearnaboutenergy;however,donotfeelrestrictedtothiscontent–whynotseewhatotherthingsyoucancomeupwithinyourgroups.
Practicalactivitiessuchasthoseinthesecondhalfofthis
bookletareafantasticwaytolearnabouttheimportanceandusesofenergy.Nevertheless,itisimportanttotakesome
precautionstoensurenobodygetshurt.Energyhasmanyusesallaroundus,butforexampleelectricityisverydangerous.
Thisiswhyitisimportanttolearnhowtoproperlyuseandcontrolenergy.Plancarefullyandmakesureyouhaveenoughadultsupporttokeepyousafe,especiallywhenyouarenearsourcesofelectricityorfire,andingeneraltoanysourceofenergy.Youngchildrenshouldbesupervisedbyanadultat
alltimes.Pleaseconsiderthegeneralprecautionsonthenextpageandcarefullyevaluatewhichothersafetyissuesneedtobetakenintoaccountbeforeundertakinganyactivity.
ELECTRICITYKILLS!
DONOTGONEARORPLAYWITHELECTRICIT.ALLACTIVITESMUSTBESUPERVISED
YOUTHANDUNITEDNATIONSGLOBALALLIANCELEARNINGANDACTIONSERIES
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INTRODUCTION
SOMEGENERALPRECAUTIONSTOCONSIDERINCLUDE:
LOOKAFTERYOURSELVES
Becarefulwhenusingsharpobjectsandelectricalappliances.
Donottouchpowerlines,northeinsidesofelectricalappliancesandstayawayfromutilityboxes.
Alwaysturnoffalightattheswitchbeforechangingabulb.
Keepelectricalappliancesawayfromwaterandusedryhandstoplugandunplugelectricalappliances.
Pullgentlywhenunpluggingelectronicappliancesandtuckawayelectricalcords.
Donotputmetalobjectsinthetoasterormicrowave.
Donotplugmanyappliancesintooneoutletorextensioncord.
Donotclimbonpowerpolesandtouchorclimbtreesthatarenearpowerlines.
Stayinsideduringthunderandlightningstormsandturnoffthetelevisionsandcomputers.
Donotflykitesnearpowerlinesorduringalightningstorm.
Ifyouneedtousesometypeofsharpobjectordevice,alwaysaskanadultforassistance.
LOOKAFTERTHENATURALWORLD
Treatnaturewithrespectandalwaysleavenaturethewayyoufoundit.
Recycleorreusethematerialsusedintheactivitiesasmuchaspossible.
Donotpollutetheenvironment–ifyoucannotfindabin,takeyourrubbishhome.
Makesurethatyouhavepermissionfromtherelevantpeopletocarryoutspecialactivitiesorexperiments.
ENERGYCHALLENGEBADGE-BIOENERGYSUPPLEMENT9
BADGE
STRUCTUREANDCURRICULUM
ThisbookletisasupplementtotheYUNGAEnergyChallengeBadgeandisintendedforteachersoryouthleaderswho
wanttodevelopafocusedcurriculumonbioenergy.ItfollowsthesamestructureastheEnergyChallengeBadgeandshouldbeusedinconjunctionwithittobuildacurriculumthat
suitsthegroup.
Thefirstpartofthebookletincludes
basicbackgroundinformationonrelevant
educationaltopics,aimingtohelpteachers
andyouthleaderstopreparetheirsessions
andgroupactivitieswithouthavingtosearchfortheinformation.Thesupplementlooksatthedifferenttypesofbioenergy,thesourcesandusesofbioenergy,andthedifferent
sustainabilityconsiderations.Italsosuggestsandencouragesactionsyoucantaketo
raiseawarenessinthecommunityabouttheimportanceofrenewableenergyandbioenergyinparticular.
Thesecondpartofthebookletcontainsthebadgecurriculum:arangeofactivities
andideastostimulatelearningandmotivatechildrenandyoungpeopletoengagein
bioenergyissues.
Additionalresources,usefulWebsitesand
aglossaryexplainingkeyterms(thatare
highlightedinthetextlikethis)areprovidedattheendofthebooklet.
10YOUTHANDUNITEDNATIONSGLOBALALLIANCELEARNINGANDACTIONSERIES
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Badgestructure
Foreaseofuseandtoensurethatallthaintopicreaddd,
boththebackgroundinformation(pp.20–63)andtherelatedactivities(pp.64–85)aredividedintofivemainsections:
A.UNDERSTANDINGBIOENERGY:introducesbasicfacts
abouttheimportanceofbioenergy.
B.BIOENERGYSOURCESANDIMPACTS:looksatthemajor
bioenergysourcesandenvironmentalimpacts.
C.PRODUCINGANDUSINGBIOENERGY:describesthe
processforproducingandusingbioenergy.
D.BIOENERGYSUSTAINABILITY:explorestheconnection
betweenbioenergyanddevelopment.
E.TAKEACTION:suggestsideastohelpyousaveenergyin
youreverydaylifeandraiseawarenessinyourcommunity.
Requirements:Toearnthebadge,participantsmustcomplete
oneofthetwocompulsoryactivitiesatthebeginningofSectionAoftheEnergyChallengeBadgeandfromeachsection(B-E)ofthebioenergysupplement,plus(atleast)oneadditionalactivityfromeachsection,chosenindividuallyorasagroup.Participantscanalsocompleteadditionalactivitiesconsideredappropriatebytheteacherorleader.
ENERGYCHALLENGEBADGE-BIOENERGYSUPPLEMENT11
SectionA:UNDERSTANDINGBIOENERGY
1compulsoryactivity(A.1orA.2)
atleast1optionalactivity(A.3-A.6)
&
+
SectionB:BIOENERGYSOURCESANDIMPACTS
1compulsoryactivity(B.1orB.2)
atleast1optional(B.3-B.6)
&
activity
+
+
SectionC:PRODUCINGANDUSINGBIOENERGY
1compulsoryactivity(C.1orC.2)
atleast1optional(C.3-C.6)
&
activity
+
&
SectionD:BIOENERGYSUSTAINABILITY
atleast1optional(D.3-D.6)
1compulsoryactivity(D.1orD.2)
activity
&
1compulsoryactivity(E.1orE.2)
SectionE:TAKEACTION
atleast1optional(E.3-E.6)
activity
=
EnergyChallengeBadge-BioenergySupplement
COMPLETED!
YOUTHANDUNITEDNATIONSGLOBALALLIANCELEARNINGANDACTIONSERIES
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INTRODUCTION
Agerangesandappropriateactivities
Tohelpyouandyourgroupselectthemostappropriate
activities,acodingsystemisprovidedtoindicatetheage
group(s)forwhicheachactivityismostsuitable.Nexttoeachactivity,acode(forexample“Levels1and2”)indicates
thattheactivityshouldbesuitableforfive-toten-yearolds
andeleventofifteen-yearolds.However,pleasenotethatthiscodingisonlyindicative.Youmayfindthatanactivitylistedatonelevelissuitableforanotheragegroupinyourparticularcircumstances.Asteachersandyouthleadersyoushoulduse
yourjudgementandexperiencetodevelopanappropriate
curriculumforyourgrouporclass.Thiscouldincorporate
LEVEL
additionalactivitiesnotlistedinthisbookletbutthatallowyoutoachievealltheeducationalrequirements.
1Fivetotenyearsold
2Eleventofifteenyearsold
3Sixteenplusyearsold
REMEMBER!
REMEMBER!ThekeyobjectivesoftheChallengeBadgeareto
educate,inspire,stimulateinterestinlearningaboutenergy
issuesandmotivateindividualstochangetheirbehaviourand
createlocalandinternationalaction.However,mostofall,the
activitiesshouldbeFUN!Participantsshouldenjoytheprocessofearningthebadgeandlearningaboutenergyanditsimportance.
ENERGYCHALLENGEBADGE-BIOENERGYSUPPLEMENT13
SAMPLEBADGE
CURRICULA
Thesamplecurriculaforthedifferentagegroupsbelow
provideexamplesofhowthebadgecouldbeearnedandareintendedhelpyouindevelopingyourownprogramme.
LEVEL
1Fivetotenyearsold
2Eleventofifteenyearsold
3Sixteenplusyearsold
Eachactivityhasaspecificlearningaim,butinadditiontothis,childrenwillhavetheopportunitytolearnmoregeneralskills,including:
TEAMWORK
IMAGINATIONANDCREATIVITYOBSERVATIONSKILLS
CULTURALANDENVIRONMENTALAWARENESSNUMERICALANDLITERACYSKILLS
YOUTHANDUNITEDNATIONSGLOBALALLIANCELEARNINGANDACTIONSERIES
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LEARNINGOBJECTIVE
SECTIONACTIVITY
A.04:Energythroughtheages(p.66)
Tolearnabouthowenergywasusedthroughhistoryandhowithaschanged
Tolearnabouthowthesun’senergygetsconvertedinto
A.03:Biomasssong
(p.66)
bioenergy
A
Understandingbioenergy
B.01:Exploreyourneighbourhood
(p.69)
Tolearnaboutthedifferenttypesofbiomassaroundyou
Tolearnabouttheproperties
ofdifferentoilsandtheirpurpose
B.03:Experimenting
withoils(p.70)
B
Bioenergysourcesandimpacts
C.01:Bioenergydice
(p.73)
C
C.04:Biogas
Experiment(p.74)
Producingandusingbioenergy
Tolearnaboutdifferentbionergypathways
Tolearnhowtocreate
biogaswithhouseholdfooditems
D.02:ReusingWastes
(p.79)
D
Bioenergy
D.03:Fieldvisit
(p.80)
sustainability
Tocreateaproductmadefromwastematerials
Tolearnabouthowbioenergyisproducedinabioenergy
plant
E
Takeaction
E.01:Helpingpeoplewithenergy(p.83)
Tolearnabouthowenergyisextremelyimportant
forpeople’slives
E.03:Carbonfootprinttree(p.84)
Tolearnaboutthecarbon
footprintofoureveryday
activitiesthatrequireenergy
INTRODUCTION
ENERGYCHALLENGEBADGE-BIOENERGYSUPPLEMENT15
LEVEL
1Fivetotenyearsold
2Eleventofifteenyearsold
3Sixteenplusyearsold
AsinLevel1,eachactivityinLevel2hasaspecificlearningaim,butalsofostersadditional,moregeneralskillsincluding:
TEAMWORKANDINDEPENDENTSTUDYSKILLSIMAGINATIONANDCREATIVITY
OBSERVATIONSKILLS
CULTURALANDENVIRONMENTALAWARENESSRESEARCHSKILLS
PRESENTATIONANDPUBLICSPEAKINGSKILLS
ABILITYTOPRESENTANARGUMENTANDDEBATE
YOUTHANDUNITEDNATIONSGLOBALALLIANCELEARNINGANDACTIONSERIES
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SECTIONACTIVITYLEARNINGOBJECTIVE
A
Understandingbioenergy
A.04:Energythroughtheages
(p.66)
Tolearnabouthowenergywasusedthroughhistoryandhowithaschanged
A.06:Mydailyenergyneeds(p.67)
Tolearnabouthowenergyandbioenergyaffectour
everydayactivities
B
Bioenergysourcesandimpacts
B.01:Exploreyourneighbourhood
(p.69)
Tolearnaboutthedifferenttypesofbiomassaroundyou
B.04:Classifyingbiomassresidues
(p.70)
Tolearnaboutthedifferenttypesofbiomassresiduesandwastes
C
Producingandusingbioenergy
C.02:Makingenergy
(p.73)
Toreflectonthedifferent
processestotransformwastesandresiduesintobioenergy
C.06:Crossword
(p.76)
Totestyourknowledgeonbioenergy
D
Bioenergy
sustainability
D.01:TwoWorlds
(p.79)
Tounderstandthebenefitsofsustainableprocessesinbioenergyplants
D.05:Benefitsofbioenergy(p.81)
Tolearnaboutthebenefitsofbioenergypathways
E
Takeaction
E.02:Bioenergyinmycommunity(p.83)
Toexplorethepotentialuseofbiomasstoproduce
bioenergyinyourcommunity
INTRODUCTION
E.04:TriviaOverview
(p.84)
Tolearnaboutbioenergyandtestyourknowledge
ENERGYCHALLENGEBADGE-BIOENERGYSUPPLEMENT17
LEVEL
1Fivetotenyearsold
2Eleventofifteenyearsold
3Sixteenplusyearsold
GeneralskillsaLevel3curriculumseekstodevelopinclude:
TEAMWORKANDINDEPENDENTSTUDYIMAGINATIONANDCREATIVITY
OBSERVATIONSKILLS
CULTURALANDENVIRONMENTALAWARENESS
TECHNICALSKILLSANDTHEABILITYTORESEARCHCOMPLEXISSUES
PRESENTATIONANDPUBLICSPEAKINGSKILLS
ABILITYTOPRESENTANARGUMENTANDDEBATE
YOUTHANDUNITEDNATIONSGLOBALALLIANCELEARNINGANDACTIONSERIES
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SECTIONACTIVITYLEARNINGOBJECTIVE
A
Understandingbioenergy
A.02:Howisbiomassproduced?
(p.65)
Tolearnabouthowplantsgrowandproducebiomass
A.05:Investigatingtraditionalbioenergy
(p.66)
Tolearnabouttraditionalbiomassandhowifaffectspeople’slives
B
Bioenergysourcesandimpacts
B.01:Exploreyourneighbourhood
(p.69)
Tolearnaboutthedifferenttypesofbiomassaroundyou
B.06:Foodvs.fuel
(p.71)
Tolearnaboutpotentialusesofbiomasstoproduce
biofuels
C
Producingandusing
bioenergy
C.02:Makingenergy
(p.73)
Toreflectonthedifferent
processestotransformwastes
··andresiduesintobioenergy·
C.06:Crossword
(p.76)
Totestyourknowledgeonbioenergy
D
Bioenergy
sustainability
D.06:IsitTolearnabouttheeconomic,
sustainable?(p.81)social,andenvironmental
impactsofbionergypathways
D.05:Benefitsofbioenergy
(p.81)
Tolearnaboutthebenefitsofbioenergypathways
E
Takeaction
E.01:Bioenergyinmycommunity(p.83)
Toexplorethepotentialuseofbiomasstoproduce
bioenergyinyourcommunity
INTRODUCTION
E.04:TriviaOverview
(p.84)
Tolearnaboutbioenergyandtestyourknowledge
ENERGYCHALLENGEBADGE-BIOENERGYSUPPLEMENT19
BOTUUIOND
Thefollowingsectionprovidesanoverviewofkeyissuesrelatingtobioenergy.Itaimstohelpteachersandyouthleaderspreparetheirsessionsandgroupactivities
withouthavingtosearchfortheinformation.Naturally,notallthematerialswillberequiredorappropriate
forallagegroupsandactivities.Leadersandteachersshouldthereforeselectthetopicsandlevelofdetail
mostappropriatefortheirgroup.Forexample,youmaywishtoskipthemorecomplicatedissueswithyounger
groups,butwillprobablywishtoconductfurtherresearchwitholdergroups,whocouldalsoreadthe
backgroundinformationforthemselves.
AB
DUN
20
YOUTHANDUNITEDNATIONSGLOBALALLIANCELEARNINGANDACTIONSERIES
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ACTIONSUSTAINABILITYUSINGSOURCESUNDERSTANDING
AUNDERSTANDINGBIOENERGY
WhatisBioenergy?
Howcanwemaketraditional
A
bioenergymoreefficient?
BBIOENERGYSOURCESANDIMPACTS
B
Woodfuel
Agriculturalcrops
Residuesandwastes
CPRODUCINGANDUSINGBIOENERGY
C
BioenergyproductionBioenergyuse
BIOENERGY
DSUSTAINABILITY
PlanetPeople
Profit
D
ETAKEACTION
Actionsforgovernmentsanddecision-makersActionsforYOU!
E
ENERGYCHALLENGEBADGE-BIOENERGYSUPPLEMENT21
BACKGROUNDINFORMATION
UNDERSTANDING
BIOENERGY
Bioenergyisenergyobtainedfrombiomass.Biomassisderivedfromlivingmaterialinplantsandanimals,suchaswood,driedvegetation,cowmanureandfoodscraps.Biomasscontains
storedenergyfromthesun.Plantsabsorbthesun’senergy
duringphotosynthesis,whichconvertsthesolarenergyintochemicalenergy.Whentheplantsdie,thechemicalenergyistrappedinside.However,wecanreleasethischemicalenergythroughdifferentprocessestoproducebioenergy.
Bioenergyisarenewableenergybecauseitisderivedfromlivingmaterial(biomass)thatcanberenewedrelatively
quickly(inthelifetimeofaperson).Thismeansthat,
comparedwithnon-renewablefossilfuels,ithasthepotentialtoreducethegreenhousegas(GHG)emissionsfromthe
productionofenergy.
YOUTHANDUNITEDNATIONSGLOBALALLIANCELEARNINGANDACTIONSERIES
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IONSUSTAINABILITYUSINGN
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B
WHATISBIOENERGY?
Allofthedifferentwordsusedtodescribebioenergycanbequiteconfusingattimes.Let’scheckthatweunderstandthedifferentterms:
Biomassismaterialfromplantandanimaloriginthatconstitutesthefeedstockforproducingbioenergy–itistherawmaterialforbioenergy.
Bioenergyistherenewableenergyproducedfrom
biofuels.Biofuelscanbeofsolid,liquidandgaseousforms:
•Solid:e.g.woodcharcoal,woodchipsandpellets
•Liquid(biofuels):e.g.ethanolandbiodiesel
•Gaseous:e.g.biogasandsyngas
C
Bioenergyisanimportanttypeofenergyglobally.In2017,
bioenergyaccountedforaround12percentofglobalenergy
consumption(WBA,2019)andforaround50percentoftheglobalenergyconsumptionfromrenewables(IEA,2018).Manypeople
aroundtheworldusebioenergyinsomeform.Bioenergyusefallsintotwomaincategories–traditionalandmodern.Traditionalbioenergyusereferstotheburningofsolidbiomass(suchas
wood,animalwasteandtraditionalcharcoal)usinginefficient
D
methods,suchasopenfires.Modernbioenergyuse,instead,ismoreefficientthantraditionalmethods,anditincludesefficient
technologiesforusingsolid,liquid,andgaseousbiomassfuelsformodernapplications,suchascooking,spaceheating,electricity
generation,combinedheatandpower(CHP),andtransport
(IRENA,2018;REN21,2013).Themostutilizedtypeofbiomassforbioenergyissolidfuels(suchaswoodfuel),muchofwhichisstillusedinatraditionalway.
ENERGYCHALLENGEBADGE-BIOENERGYSUPPLEMENT23
E
BACKGROUNDINFORMATION
PhotobyOllivierGirard/CIFOR
24
HOWCANWEMAKETRADITIONALBIOENERGYMOREEFFICIENT?
Traditionalbioenergyisthedirectcombustion(burning)ofsolidbiomass(suchaswood,animalwasteandtraditional
charcoal)usinginefficientmethods,suchasopenfires.For
manypeople,thismaybetheironlysourceofenergy,anditcancomewithlotsofhealthandenvironmentalproblems.
However,therearewaysthatwecanmaketraditional
bioenergymoreefficientusingsomesimplemethods.Forexample,wecanusemoreefficientequipment,suchas
improvedstoves,whichimprovetheefficiencyoftheprocess
(meaningyouneedlessbiomasstoproducethesameamountofenergy)andreducetheamountofsmokeproduced.
YOUTHANDUNITEDNATIONSGLOBALALLIANCELEARNINGANDACTIONSERIES
Manypeopleindevelopingcountriesdonothaveaccessto
electricity.Forexample,insub-SaharanAfrica,only45percent
ofthepopulationhasaccesstoelectricity,andinruralareasthe
percentageofpeoplewithaccesstoelectricityisonly23percent(WorldBank,2020).Therefore,theyrelyontraditionalbioenergyforcookingmeals,boilingwaterandheatingtheirhomes.Even
whenelectricityisavailable,manypeoplestillusetraditional
bioenergybecauseitisthecheapestandmostefficientalternative.
Wewillseehowtraditionalbioenergycanhavemanyproblems
andhowinmanycasesitwouldbebettertoswitchtomodern
bioenergy,wherepossible.Modernbioenergycanbethebestoptioninmanycontextsduetoavailabilityandcheapprice,especially
whereothersourcesofenergyarenotavailabletobringmodernenergyservicestoisolatedruralpopulations.
Inthefollowingsections,wewilldiscussthedifferenttypesofbioenergysourcesandprocesses,thebenefitsanddrawbacksofbioenergy–bothtraditionalandmodern–andhowwecantakeactiontoensurethatbioenergyissustainable.
ENERGYCHALLENGEBADGE-BIOENERGYSUPPLEMENT25
IONSUSTAINABILITYUSINGN
A
B
C
D
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DINFORMATION
BIOENERGY
AND
IMPACTS
WOODFUEL
Woodisthesinglemostimportantsourceofrenewableenergy,
providingaround6percentoftheglobaltotalenergysupply
BACKGROUN
(Source:FAO,2019).Whenwoodisusedforproducingenergy,itiscalledwoodfuel,andincludesnotonlyfirewoodbutalsocharcoal,pellets,chipsandsawdust.
WOODFUEL
Firewood
Charcoal
26
YOUTHANDUNITEDNATIONSGLOBALALLIANCELEARNINGANDACTIONSERIES
IONSUSTAINABILITYUSINGN
A
Woodfuelisatraditionalandcrucialsourceofenergythatisstillthemainsourceofenergyinsomedevelopinganddeveloped
countries,whereitprovidesbasicenergyforcookingandheatinginhouseholds.Itisalsousedinindustryforprocessesthatrequireheat,
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