2024-2025学年高中英语版必修第一册北师版 Unit 1 单元专项提升

Unit

1

Life

Choices单元专项提升英语版必修第一册北师版单元语法归纳巧梳理·知识框图挖教材·语法示例判断下列句子中画线的动词不定式所作的成分1.Teens

has

invited

two

students

to

write

about

their

daily

life

in

senior

secondary

school.____________宾语补足语2.It's

so

convenient

to

be

able

to

compare

the

quality

and

prices

from

different

online

shops

before

I

buy.______主语3.I

tend

to

set

a

goal

for

every

subject

at

the

beginning

of

each

term.

______4.My

aim

is

to

do

well

in

every

subject

this

term.

______5....I

can

have

more

free

time

to

do

other

things

that

I'm

interested

in

after

school.______6.To

achieve

all

I

want,

I

must

use

my

time

well.

______宾语表语定语状语细归纳

语法精讲动词不定式

动词不定式由"to+动词原形"构成（在某些情况下可以省略to），其否定形式为"not+动词不定式"。知识点1

动词不定式的时态和语态形式

动词不定式没有人称和数的变化,但仍保留动词的部分特征，有时态和语态的变化。具体形式如下表所示（以do为例）：语态时态主动语态被动语态一般式to

doto

be

done进行式to

be

doing/完成式to

have

doneto

have

been

done知识点2

动词不定式的句法功能

动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和宾语补足语等多种成分。1.作主语（1）动词不定式作主语时，在很多情况下都可以用动词-ing替代，但表示某些具体情况，或在某些固定说法中，通常不用动词-ing替代。（2）单个的动词不定式作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。（3）若动词不定式太长,则往往用it作形式主语,动词不定式后置，以使句子结构平衡。To

err

is

human.［谚］金无足赤，人无完人。/人非圣贤，孰能无过。To

finish

this

job

in

one

day

is

impossible.要在一天之内完成这项工作是不可能的。（表示某次具体的情况）It

is

very

interesting

to

play

in

the

snow

in

winter.冬天在雪地里玩是很有趣的。链高考

真题精练语法填空(2023·浙江1月)I

remember

showing

my

parents

a

video

of

Bea

Johnson,

sharing

how

cool

I

thought

it

would

be

________（buy）

groceries

with

jars,

and

have

so

little

trash!to

buy【解析】句意：我记得我给父母看了一段贝亚·约翰逊的视频，分享我认为用罐子买杂货有多酷，而且产生的垃圾这么少!分析句子结构可知，此处为句型"It

+be+adj.+to

do

sth."，it为形式主语，动词不定式短语作真正的主语。故填to

buy。2.作表语动词不定式置于be动词后面作表语时，常表示将来的动作或起解释说明的作用，其主语常常是dream、wish、idea、plan、task、purpose、duty、job等表示意向、打算、职责等意义的词。His

dream

is

to

become

an

astronaut.他的梦想是成为一名宇航员。My

main

task

is

to

get

this

company

running

smoothly.我的主要任务是使这家公司运转顺利。

当主语部分含有实义动词do的某种形式时，可以省略动词不定式符号to。What

he

wanted

to

do

was

（to）

become

a

skillful

worker.他的愿望是成为一个技术熟练的工人。链高考

真题精练语法填空(新高考Ⅰ卷)His

job

is

______（sit）

beside

the

pianist

and

turn

the

pages

of

the

score

so

the

musician

doesn't

have

to

break

the

flow

of

sound

by

doing

it

themselves.to

sit【解析】空处作表语解释主语His

job的具体内容，应用动词不定式。3.作宾语（1）一些动词之后常跟动词不定式作宾语，此类词有：动词记忆口诀offer、choose、plan主动提出选计划agree、ask、wait同意请求等一等want/would

like/expect/hope/wish、learn、decide/determine想要学会有决心happen、fail可能碰巧会失败refuse、pretend、manage拒绝假装必成功I

asked

to

see

the

manager.

我要求见经理。My

dad

has

offered

to

pick

us

up.

我爸爸主动提出开车来接我们。I

do

not

wish

to

be

disturbed

in

my

work.

我不希望有人打搅我的工作。She

failed

to

pass

her

driving

test.她未能通过驾照考试。（2）在一些动词后既可以加to

do形式作宾语，也可以加动词-ing作宾语，但意义不同。如：forget/remember

to

do

sth.

忘记/记得要做某事forget/remember

doing

sth.

忘记/记得做过某事regret

to

do

sth.

遗憾地做某事regret

doing

sth.

后悔做过某事mean

to

do

sth.

打算做某事mean

doing

sth.

意味着做某事（3）用于"动词+it+adj./n.+动词不定式"结构中，其中it为形式宾语，动词不定式为真正的宾语。能用于该结构的动词有feel、find、think、believe、consider、make等。I

find

it

pleasant

to

work

with

him.我发现跟他一块儿工作挺愉快的。I

think

it

useful

to

learn

a

foreign

language.我认为学一门外语是有用的。链高考

真题精练语法填空1.(全国乙卷)Activities

there

range

from

whale

watching

to

hiking（远足）and

accommodations

aim________（have）

a

low

impact

on

the

natural

environment.to

have【解析】固定用法aim

to

do意为"力求做到"。2.(山东高考)The

two

girls

are

so

alike

that

strangers

find

it

difficult

_______

（tell）

one

from

the

other.to

tell【解析】分析句子结构可知，句中的it为形式宾语，此处应用动词不定式作真正的宾语。4.作定语动词不定式作定语时，应放在被修饰词的后面。（1）动词不定式作定语的几种情况：①序数词、形容词最高级或the

last/the

only/the

next等后或被这些词修饰的名词后常用动词不定式作定语。He

is

the

best

man

to

do

the

job.他是做这项工作的最佳人选。He

is

always

the

first

to

come

and

the

last

to

leave.他总是第一个来，最后一个走。②抽象名词ability、attempt、chance、opportunity、promise、reason、time、way

等后常用动词不定式作定语。Interest

is

as

vital

to

learning

as

the

ability

to

understand,

even

more

so.对于学习来说，兴趣同理解能力一样重要，甚至更重要。He

made

a

promise

to

come

here

on

time

tomorrow.他许诺明天按时来这儿。链高考

真题精练语法填空1.(2023·全国甲卷)And

the

only

way

for

us_______（get）

into

the

habit

of

waiting

is

to

practice.to

get【解析】分析句子结构可知，空处作后置定语修饰抽象名词way，且其前有the

only修饰，所以要用动词不定式。2.(北京高考)Volunteering

gives

you

a

chance__________（change）

lives,

including

your

own.to

change【解析】抽象名词chance后常用动词不定式作定语。③something、anything、nothing等不定代词后常用动词不定式作定语。Do

you

have

anything

to

say?

你有什么要说的吗？④动词不定式作定语可表示将来的、还没发生的动作。He

said

he

had

an

important

meeting

to

attend.

他说他有一个重要的会议要参加。There

are

still

many

problems

to

be

solved

before

we

are

ready

for

a

long

stay

on

the

moon.在我们准备好长时间停留在月球上之前，还有许多问题要解决。（2）动词不定式中的动词与被修饰词之间的关系①动宾关系动词不定式既可以用主动形式，也可用被动形式，这取决于动词不定式所表示的动作是否是由句子的主语发出的。试比较：Do

you

have

anything

to

send?

你有什么东西要寄吗？（动词不定式to

send所表示的动作的执行者是主语"you"）Do

you

have

anything

to

be

sent?

你有什么东西要（我或别人）寄吗？（动词不定式to

be

sent所表示的动作的执行者不是主语，而是"我"或"别人"）

如果动词不定式中的动词是不及物动词，其后应有介词，与被修饰的中心词构成动宾关系。The

Browns

have

a

comfortable

house

to

live

in.布朗一家有一所舒适的房子住。②主谓关系被修饰词是动词不定式中的动词的逻辑主语时,动词不定式相当于关系代词作主语的定语从句。We

need

someone

to

help

with

the

work.=We

need

someone

that

can

help

with

the

work.我们需要有人来帮忙做这项工作。In

our

school

she

is

the

only

student

to

attend

the

important

meeting.=In

our

school

she

is

the

only

student

that

is

to

attend

the

important

meeting.她是我们学校唯一一名要去参加这次重要会议的学生。③同位关系动词不定式说明被修饰的词语的内容。There

is

no

need

to

worry

about

tomorrow;

what

you

need

to

do

is

make

the

most

of

today.没有必要担心明天，你需要做的是充分利用今天。链高考

真题精练1.(天津高考)I

was

watching

the

clock

all

through

the

meeting,

as

I

had

a

train

___.CA.catching

B.caught

C.to

catch

D.to

be

caught【解析】句意：整个会议期间我一直在看钟表，因为我要赶火车。本空表示将来的、还没发生的动作，train

和catch之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，且catch这一动作由句子主语I发出，故选C。2.语法填空①(四川高考)The

airport

________________（complete）

next

year

will

help

promote

tourism

in

this

area.to

be

completed【解析】句意：明年竣工的机场将有助于推动这个地区旅游业的发展。由next

year可知，空处所表示的动作尚未发生，故用动词不定式；又因为complete与The

airport之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用动词不定式的被动式。②(重庆高考)We're

having

a

meeting

in

half

an

hour.

The

decision____________

（make）

at

the

meeting

will

influence

the

future

of

our

company.to

be

made【解析】根据前面的"We're

having

a

meeting

in

half

an

hour"可知，会议还没开始，故The

decision后面的定语应用动词不定式，表示将要发生的动作；又因为make与The

decision之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，因此要用动词不定式的被动式。5.作状语动词不定式可用作目的状语、原因状语、结果状语等。（1）作目的状语动词不定式作目的状语时，其所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后，一般放在句子后部，表示强调，也可位于句首；其前可加in

order和so

as，但加so

as

时不能放在句首。I

came

here

to

say

goodbye

to

you.我来这儿是为了向你告别。He

ran

fast

all

the

way

so

as

to/in

order

to

catch

the

first

bus.他一路快速奔跑以便赶上第一班公共汽车。In

order

to

pass

the

exam,

he

studied

hard

till

midnight.为了通过考试，他努力学习到半夜。链高考

真题精练语法填空(2023·全国甲卷)For

thousands

of

years,

people

have

told

fables（寓言）_________（teach）

a

lesson

or

to

pass

on

wisdom.to

teach【解析】句意：几千年来，人们讲述寓言，目的是给人以教训或传递智慧。空处作目的状语，应用动词不定式。注意：后面的"or

to

pass"也是提示。（2）作原因状语动词不定式常跟在作表语的形容词和动词-ed转化来的形容词之后，用来说明产生某种情绪或作出某种评价的原因。此类词有happy、lucky、surprised、sorry、glad、delighted、eager、anxious、ready、foolish、interested、careless等。We're

quite

glad

to

meet

you

here.我们很高兴在这儿见到你。They

were

very

surprised

to

be

informed

of

the

news.得知这个消息他们很吃惊。You

were

careless

to

leave

your

bike

unlocked.放下自行车不锁，你真粗心。链高考

真题精练语法填空(全国Ⅱ卷)The

old

man

sat

in

front

of

the

television

every

evening,

happy

__________（watch）anything

that

happened

to

be

on.to

watch【解析】分析句子结构可知，逗号后面的内容在句中作状语,形容词happy后应接动词不定式作原因状语，表示高兴的原因。（3）作结果状语常用于too...to

do

sth.、so

...as

to

do

sth.、such...as

to

do

sth.结构中。若表示意想不到或是不愉快的结果，则常在动词不定式前加only。She

was

so

excited

as

to

be

unable

to

say

a

word.她激动得一句话也说不出来。He

got

to

the

station

only

to

be

told

the

train

had

gone.他到了车站，却被告知火车已经开走了。

动词-ing（短语）作结果状语多表示自然而然的结果。Jack

has

made

great

progress，making

his

parents

very

happy.杰克取得了巨大的进步，这让他的父母很高兴。链高考

真题精练语法填空(天津高考)Anxiously,

she

took

the

dress

out

of

the

package

and

tried

it

on,

only

________（find）

it

didn't

fit.to

find【解析】句意：她迫不及待地从包裹里拿出裙子并试穿了一下，结果发现它不合身。动词不定式常与only连用表示意料之外或使人不愉快的结果。6.作宾语补足语（1）ask、tell、invite、get、advise、allow、want、permit、warn、order、encourage、prefer、expect、force、wish、beg等表示命令、教导、要求、意向、允许、警告等意义的动词后可接动词不定式作宾语补足语。My

teacher

encouraged

me

to

study

German.我的老师鼓励我学习德语。Her

parents

don't

allow

her

to

go

out

at

night.她父母不允许她晚上出去。（2）believe、consider、declare、find、imagine、judge、prove、think等表示意见、认可、判断、料想、声明等意义的动词后常接动词不定式作宾语补足语。I

believe

him

to

be

honest.我相信他是诚实的。They

found

him

to

be

charming.他们觉得他很有魅力。链高考

真题精练语法填空(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)Writing

was

so

difficult

and

painful

for

me

that

my

teacher

had

allowed

me

___________（present）

my

paper

on

the

sinking

of

the

Titanic

by

acting

out

a

play,

where

I

played

all

the

parts.to

present【解析】此处allow

sb.

to

do

sth.为固定搭配，动词不定式作宾语补足语。

有些感官（短语）动词（如feel,

hear,

listen

to,

see,

look

at,

watch,

notice）和使役动词（如make,

have,

let）后接动词不定式作宾语补足语时，to经常被省略。但被动语态中需加上to。It's

quite

interesting

to

look

at

other

people

play

chess.

看别人下棋很有趣。The

teacher

made

me

wait

while

she

was

talking

to

other

students.（=I

was

made

by

the

teacher

to

wait

while

she

was

talking

to

other

students.）老师在她和其他同学谈话时让我等着。知识点3

"疑问词/whether+动词不定式"结构（1）常见的疑问词：疑问代词who、what（无选择范围）、which（有选择范围）和疑问副词how、when、where。（2）语法功能：作主语、宾语、表语、同位语等。（3）作主语时谓语动词一般用单数形式。（4）该结构中的动词不定式常用主动形式。How

to

improve

English

is

often

discussed

among

the

students.这些学生们经常讨论如何提高英语水平。（作主语）The

key

to

successful

small

talk

is

learning

how

to

connect

with

others,

not

just

communicate

with

them.

成功闲聊的关键是学会如何与他人产生共鸣，而不仅仅是与他们沟通。（作宾语）（链高考|全国Ⅱ卷）This

room

is

too

small.

The

problem

now

is

where

to

put

this

bookshelf.

这间屋子太小了。现在的问题是该把这个书架放在哪儿。（作表语）I

have

no

idea

when

to

tell

her

the

bad

news.

我不知道什么时候告诉她这个坏消息。（作同位语）链高考

真题精练语法填空(2023·全国甲卷)So,

it's

been

useful

to

know

how_________（cover）

up

holes

and

repaint

a

room

to

avoid

any

charges

when

I've

moved

out.to

cover【解析】句意：当我搬出去时，为避免产生任何费用，知道如何掩盖洞和重新粉刷房间很有用。"how

___

（cover）

up"是"疑问词+动词不定式"结构，在句中作know的宾语。语法练

专项提升Ⅰ

用括号内词的适当形式填空1.(2023·浙江1月)Often,

they'll

end

up

filling

the

area

with

small

stones

and

using

chemicals

__________

（control）

weeds.to

control2.(北京高考)He

reached

inside

and

pulled

the

wallet

out

hoping

to

find

some

ID

so

he

could

contact（联系）

the

driver,

only

____________（discover）

it

contained

￡400

in

notes.to

discover3.The

ability

___________（express）an

idea

is

as

important

as

the

idea

itself.to

express4.(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)The

program

aims

________（help）

students

develop

science

skills,

environmental

awareness,

and

healthy

lifestyles.to

help5.The

activity

is

scheduled

to

be

held

on

May

15

in

the

form

of

class

meetings,

which

will

be

a

good

opportunity

_________（learn）

about

traditional

Chinese

culture.to

learn6.Please

let

me

know

where

the

meeting

is

___________（hold）tomorrow.7.(2023·浙江1月)But

no

matter

when

you

travel,

it's

a

good

idea_________（make）

your

reservations

at

least

90

days

in

advance.to

be

heldto

make8.(全国Ⅲ卷)He

is

the

first

Chinese

citizen

________（win）

this

award.to

win9.(2023·浙江1月)____________（calculate）

your

speed

as

you

do,

divide

3,600

（the

number

of

seconds

in

an

hour）

by

the

number

of

seconds

it

takes

you

_________（travel）

one

mile

（the

distance

between

two

mileposts）.To

calculateto

travel10.The

next

time

you

are

deciding

on

what_________（wear）or

what

color

to

decorate

your

room,

think

about

the

color

carefully.to

wearⅡ

语法填空

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Nowadays,

Chinese

is

becoming

more

and

more

popular

among

foreign

kids.

But

Chinese

can

be

more

difficult

1.

.（learn）.Although

many

foreign

kids

think

that

Chinese

characters（汉字）

have

too

many

strokes（笔画），

they

still

want

to

learn

them.

Some

students

in

South

Korea

begin

to

learn2.

.

（write）

Chinese

characters

on

their

first

day

at

school.3.

.（help）

students

learn

Chinese，South

Korea

holds

competitions

for

high

school

students

every

year.to

learnto

writeTo

help

The

Ministry

of

Education

in

our

country

4.

.（say）

in

an

interview

that

last

year,

more

than

20

million

people

abroad

5.

.（learn）

Chinese.

Some

even

try6.

.（write）

and

speak

in

a

Chinese

way

in

their

spare

time.

China

is

developing

7.

.

fast

that

foreign

countries

want

8.

.

（understand）

China

better

so

as

to

help

them

with

their

business.

The

Chinese

government

is

also

helping

the

world

learn

Chinese.

Nowadays,

more

and

more

Confucius

Institutes

9.

.

（set）

up

in

foreign

countries.

By

the

end

of

2020,

more

than

180

countries

and

regions

10.

.（introduce）

Chinese

language

education.saidwere

learningto

writesoto

understandare

being

sethad

introduced写作方法指导如何写非正式的电子邮件

电子邮件一般篇幅短小，语言简洁明了，这样既便于阅读，又能使意思更清楚。如果内容较多，可就重点部分做一些介绍，而把详细内容以"附件"的形式发出。电子邮件一般包括以下几个部分：收件人在"收件人"框中输入收件人的电子邮箱主题栏邮件内容的简要概括——一个单词、一个短语或一个完整的句子正文（正文包括称呼、开头语、主体、结束语、结尾语和署名。）（1）称呼：自成一行，顶格写。收件人多是熟悉的人，可以直呼其名。但如果是发给老师、长辈或上级的邮件，最好在称呼前加上称谓、职位或头衔，可用Doctor，Professor等，如Professor

Li。男性用Mr；女性可用Miss（未婚），Mrs（已婚），

Ms（不知婚否）。如果不知道收信人是男是女，可以用"Dear

Sir

or

Madam"。（2）开头语：可先表达思念之情、询问近况等，也可直接开门见山引入话题，指出写信的目的。续表正文（正文包括称呼、开头语、主体、结束语、结尾语和署名。）（3）主体：针对话题展开详细叙述。比如介绍自己的生活或学习近况，针对某问题提出几点建议，告知某项活动的具体信息等。（4）结束语：语气要友好。（5）结尾语：大多数人会在自己的名字前写结尾语，如Yours

sincerely/faithfully/truly,

Sincerely

yours,

Yours等。（6）署名：即写信人的名字，写在结尾语的下一行。续表常用表达1.开头语Hi,

there!/How

are

you

doing?/How

are

things

going

on?How

are

you

getting

on

with

your

health/work/study?As

I

have

not

heard

from

you

for

long,

I

feel

anxious.I

must

apologize

for

not

having

written

to

you

earlier.Please

pardon

my

not

replying

to

your

letter

earlier.I

feel

very

sorry

for

not

being

able

to

reply

to

your

last

letter.2.引入话题I'm

writing

to

invite

you

to...I'm

writing

to

inform

you

that...I'm

writing

to

tell

you

something

about...I'm

writing

to

introduce...to

you.3.描述重要信息The

exhibition

starts

at

7:00

and

ends

at

18:00

on

Sunday.Here

is

my

advice

on

how

to...Here,

I'd

like

to

offer

you

some

advice/tips

on

how

to...4.结束语Looking

forward

to

hearing

from

you

soon.Please

give

my

regards

to

your

family.Hope

you

will

have

a

pleasant

trip！/Wish

you

a

pleasant

journey！I

wish

you

a

happy

New

Year！Best

wishes/regards!巧运用

典例详析书面表达

假定你是高一新生李华，你的美国笔友David来信询问你的近况，请你用英文给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括：

1.难忘的军训；

2.结识的新朋友，遇到的新老师；

3.个人感悟。注意：

1.词数100左右；

2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

参考词汇：军训

military

trainingDear

David,__Yours,Li

HuaA

教你审题

本篇书面表达是一篇关于向好友描述近况的应用文，同学们需要用英语将提供的信息完整流畅地表达出来。写作时需要用第一人称、第三人称，时态以一般现在时为主，一般过去时为辅。B

教你选词1.在……的开始

_____________________2.增强……的体质___________________3.提供做某事的机会_______________________________4.全面，深入_________5.关于，至于_______6.适应_________at

the

beginning

of...build

sb./oneself

upprovide

opportunities

to

do

sth.in

depthas

foradapt

toC

教你造句1.我感到很累。____________2.它增强了我的体质，考验了我的意志。__________________________________3.新的学校生活提供了结交新朋友的机会。_________________________________________________________4.可以与新朋友深入交流意见。_________________________________________________5.有各种各样的课外活动，它们可以极大地丰富我的学校生活。______________________________________________________________________________I

was

tired.It

built

me

up

and

tested

my

will.New

school

life

provides

opportunities

to

make

new

friends.Views

can

be

exchanged

in

depth

with

new

friends.There

are

various

after-school

activities,

which

can

greatly

enrich

my

school

life.D

教你升级1.用even

though引导让步状语从句合并句1和句2。【答案】Even

though

I

was

tired,

it

built

me

up

and

tested

my

will.2.用定语从句合并句3和句4。【答案】New

school

life

provides

opportunities

to

make

new

friends,

with

whom

views

can

be

exchanged

in

depth.E

教你成篇Dear

David,

I'm

glad

to

receive

your

letter

asking

me

about

my

high

school

life.

At

the

beginning

of

this

new

term,

a

strict

but

exciting

seven-day

military

training

was

held.

Even

though

I

was

tired,

it

built

me

up

and

tested

my

will.

New

school

life

provides

opportunities

to

make

new

friends,

with

whom

views

can

be

exchanged

in

depth.

Besides,

there

are

various

after-school

activities,

which

can

greatly

enrich

my

school

life【*】.

As

for

my

new

teachers,

it

seems

that

they

all

can

make

their

lessons

lovely

and

interesting.

As

you

can

see,

the

new

life

is

really

challenging,

and

I'm

adapting

to

it.

How

about

you?

Best

regards!Yours,Li

Hua［名师点评］范文内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯。文中连接词、高级短语和高级句式的运用显示了作者较高的语言驾驭能力。【*】which引导的非限制性定语从句，which指代前面的整个句子。［总结］

范文中使用的本单元新学表达：词汇_____________________________句式_______________________语法__________________________challenging、various、adapt

to"make+宾语+宾补"结构动词不定式短语作后置定语提能力

迁移训练书面表达

(全国Ⅱ卷)假定你是校排球队队长李华。请写封邮件告知你的队友Chris球队近期将参加比赛，内容包括：

1.比赛信息；

2.赛前准备；

3.表达期待。注意：

1.词数100左右；

2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。__【参考答案】Dear

Chris,

Are

you

excited

about

our

coming

volleyball

game

against

Yucai

Middle

School

next

Friday?

Here

I'd

like

to

inform

you

of

some

detailed

information

so

that

you

can

make

full

preparations

for

it.

First

and

foremost,

the

competition

will

begin

at

2

pm

in

our

school

stadium.

The

game

is

so

important

that

everyone

is

required

to

show

up

on

time.

Further,

it

is

necessary

for

you

to

take

a

good

rest,

which

will

make

you

refreshed

and

energetic.

I

hope

you

can

go

all

out

for

it

and

I

firmly

believe

hard

work

will

pay

off!

Looking

forward

to

our

victory!Yours

truly,Li

Hua高考题型突破如何做细节理解题真题在线

阅读理解(2023·浙江1月)Explorers

Camp●Full

day

camp

for

kids

aged

5-13.●Monday-Friday,

July

8-26,

9

am-4

pm.Week

1

|

July

8-12Week

2

|

July

15-19Week

3

|

July

22-26

本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了探险家营地的相关信息。21.On

which

of

the

following

dates

can

you

cancel

your

registration

with

a

full

refund?(

)

AA.June

12.

B.June

22.

C.July

19.

D.July

26.【解析】细节理解题。根据文章开头部分中的"The

last

day

to

cancel

registration

and

receive

a

full

refund

（退款）

is

June

15

"可知，取消注册并获得全额退款的最后一天是6月15日，再对比选项可知，你可以在6月12日取消注册并全额退款。22.How

are

campers

divided

into

different

groups?(

)

DA.By

gender.

B.By

nationality.

C.By

interest.

D.By

age.【解析】细节理解题。根据Camp

Structure部分中的"The

day

is

divided

into

two

thematic

sessions

per

age

group"可知，露营者按年龄划分成不同的小组。23.How

many

hours

of

class

will

you

have

altogether

if

you

register

for

a

single

week?(

)

CA.15.

B.21.

C.30.

D.42.【解析】数字计算题。根据文章开头部分中的"Monday-Friday,

July

8-26,

9

am-4

pm"可知，每周安排5天的活动；又根据Camp

Structure部分中的"Campers

have

a

three-hour

morning

class…an

afternoon

theme

（1

pm

to

4

pm）"可知，露营者上午的课程是从上午9点到中午12点，下午的课程是从下午1点到下午4点，即全天有6个小时的课程。5*6=30。由此可知，如果你注册一周，你总共有30个小时的课程。词语摘抄①register

for为……注册（或登记）；报考……register

/ˈredʒɪstə（r）/

vt.&

vi.

登记，注册n.［C］登记簿，登记表②multiple

/ˈmʌltɪpl/

adj.数量多的，多种多样的③fee/fi:/

n.［C］费，费用；酬金④structure

/ˈstrʌktʃə（r）/

熟词生义

n.［U，C］周密安排⑤thematic

/θɪˈmætɪk/

adj.主题的，专题的拓展

theme

n.［C］主题，题目，主题思想⑥session

/ˈseʃn/

n.［C］（某项活动的）一段时间，一场；一节；会议⑦engage

with认真关注⑧snack

/snæk/

n.［C］点心，小吃⑨a

range

of一系列range

/reɪndʒ/n.

［C,

usually

sing.］一系列⑩emphasize

/ˈemfəsaɪz/

vt.强调，重视；使突出⑪be

tailored

to为……专门制作tailor

vt.专门制作，定做⑫staff

/stɑ:f/

n.［C，U］员工⑬passionate

/ˈpæʃənət/

adj.热情的passion/ˈpæʃn/n.［C,

U］强烈的情感，激情；［C］强烈的爱好，热爱⑭undergo

/ˌʌndəˈɡəʊ/

vt.经历，经受难句突破1.Campers

have

a

three-hour

morning

class

engaging

with

a

morning

theme

（9

am

to

12

noon）

（动词-ing短语作后置定语，修饰a

three-hour

morning

class）and

a

one-hour

lunch

break,

followed

by

another

three-hour

class

engaging

with

an

afternoon

theme（1

pm

to

4

pm）（动词-ed短语作状语,其中engaging...（1

pm

to

4

pm）为动词-ing短语作后置定语，修饰another

three-hour

class.）［译文］露营者上午有三个小时的特定主题课程（上午9点到中午12点）和一小时的午餐休息时间，然后下午是另外三个小时的特定主题课程（下午1点到下午4点）。2.Campers

enjoy

a

staff-to-child

ratio

ranging

from

1:4

to

1:7（动词-ing短语作后置定语，修饰a

staff-to-child

ratio）depending

on

the

age

group（动词-ing短语作状语.）［译文］员工与孩子的比例根据年龄组别而定，从1∶4至1∶7不等。通方法

技巧点拨如何做细节理解题

细节理解题，是指原文提到了某事物、某现象或某理论，题干针对原文的具体内容进行提问（如who、when、where、which、why、what、how

many和how

much等）。该题型已由过去简单地从文中找到相应细节直接得出答案转向通过对语句进行同义或反义转换间接得出答案来考查考生对英语语言的理解能力，因此难度呈上升趋势。一、题型特点题型特点直接信息题在原文中可直接找到答案，不需要对信息进行分析、概括或推理判断。综合细节题1.在原文中找不到与正确选项相同的词语或句子；2.常利用同义词、近义词或反义词替换的方式来增加题干或选项的干扰性；3.命题方式较为概括，需要归纳信息后才能得出答案。数字计算题主要考查对具体细节信息的定位和识别，涉及简单的计算。二、解题技巧1.直接信息题

做此类题时，可以采取以下步骤，快速解题：Step

1：阅读题干,找到关键词或关键信息,明确答题方向；Step

2：运用略读及查阅技巧在文中迅速找到相关信息词或信息句；Step

3：比较选项和原文信息,锁定正确答案。

如上面的第21题，根据题干中的关键信息cancel

your

registration

with

a

full

refund，可以定位到语篇开头部分中的"The

last

day

to

cancel

registration

and

receive

a

full

refund（退款）

is

June

15"，由此即可得到正确答案。2.综合细节题

做这类题时，需要对原文信息进行加工处理，然后再进行进一步的推理或鉴别，这是介于直接信息题和推理判断题之间的一种题型，有一定难度。3.数字计算题

此类试题是在文章中直接表现出来细节事实，但要经过具体的计算才能得出正确答案的题。解题方法如下：Step

1：明确题干中的条件,弄清题干问的是什么；Step

2：快速定位到文章中的相关内容,找到相对应的数据；Step

3：进一步分析这些数据,弄清其中的逻辑关系,结合题干确定所需数据与计算方法,得出正确答案。

如上面的第23题。题干询问如果注册一周，总共有多少课时。根据原文开头部分中的"Monday-Friday,

July

8-26,

9

am-4

pm"可知，每周安排5天的活动；又根据Camp

Structure部分中的"Campers

have

a

three-hour

morning

class…an

afternoon

theme

（1

pm

to

4

pm）"可知，全天有6个小时的课程。5*6=30。由此即可得到正确答案。

细节理解题在高考阅读理解题中所占比例较大，是易得分的题型。这一题型主要考查考生对文章细节信息的捕捉、理解和分析能力，体现了"语言能力"这一学科核心素养。提能力

迁移训练阅读理解

Here

comes

4

most

popular

clubs

in

our

school!

Join

us,

and

we

will

help

you

to

find

your

own

shining

points

and

make

your

campus

life

enjoyable.

Yoga

Club

Yoga

not

only

improves

flexibility（柔韧性）,

but

also

helps

people

relax.

Students

will

have

the

chance

to

exercise

while

reducing

some

stress

from

life.

The

club

will

be

open

to

10-16

members

from

Grade

7

to

Grade

12,

and

will

meet

once

weekly

（on

Tuesday）.

Basketball

Club

Students

will

be

able

to

develop

their

basketball

skills

and

have

the

opportunity

to

compete

in

basketball

games

with

members

from

other

international

schools.

The

club

will

be

open

to

10-16

members

from

Grade

5

to

Grade

8,

and

will

practice

twice

weekly.

Public

Speaking

Club

The

Public

Speaking

Club

will

be

centered

around

the

personal

development

of

students

along

with

developing

public

speaking

skills.

The

club

will

focus

on

all

skills

in

giving

better

speeches

and

improving

communication

skills.

The

club

will

be

open

to

10-12

members

from

Grade

7

to

Grade

12,

and

will

meet

once

weekly

（on

Wednesday）.

Media

Club

The

Media

Club

teaches

students

the

basics

of

journalism.

The

club

has

a

wide

range

of

activities

like

interviewing

teachers

and

students,

writing

about

big

events

on

campus,

and

operating

the

weekly

school

radio

broadcasts.

The

club

will

be

open

to

8-12

members

from

Grade

6

to

Grade

12

and

will

meet

once

weekly

（on

Monday）.

本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了学校最受欢迎的四个俱乐部的相关信息。1.Which

of

the

following

students

can

join

the

Yoga

Club?(

)

CA.Fifth

grade

students.

B.Sixth

grade

students.C.Eighth

grade

students.

D.Third

grade

students.【解析】综合细节题。根据Yoga

Club部分中的"The

club

will

be

open

to

10-16

members

from

Grade

7

to

Grade

12"可知，该俱乐部将对7至12年级的学生开放。结合选项可知，只有C项在这个范围内。2.How

often

do

the

members

of

the

Basketball

Club

practice?(

)

BA.Once

a

week.

B.Twice

a

week.C.Three

times

a

week.

D.Four

times

a

week.【解析】直接信息题。根据Basketball

Club部分中的"The

club

will

be

open

to

10-16

members

from

Grade

5