专题04阅读与表达-2021-2022年八年级下学期期中试题分项汇编（原卷版）

专题04阅读与表达（原卷版）目录一、北京交大附中二、北京八一学校三、北京八十中四、北京二中教育集团五、北京师大附中六、北京一七一中学七、北京101中学八、北京东直门中学九、北京人大附中十、北京四中十一、北京一六六中学十二、北京十二中北京交大附中阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题。WhenLydiaNashappearedontheTVprogrammeWhowantstobeamillionaire（百万富翁）?andwasluckyenoughtowin￡16,000,shedecidedtogiveallthemoneyaway.Thisisnotsurprisingifshehasbeenrichorfamous,butLydiaisa19yearoldstudent.Lydiagaveallthemoneytoacharitywhichhelpsthechildrenwhoseparentsaredead.Shehadworkedthereasavolunteerforthepastthreeyears.Shefirstvisitedanorphanage(孤儿院)attheageofseventeen,andshefeltverysadbywhatshesaw.Someofherfriendsatuniversitythoughtthatmaybeshehadmadethewrongdecision.Somepeoplesaidsheshouldhavesavedittobuyahouseortopayforhereducation.Shesaid,“Thatreallyworriedme.Studentsseemtoliveinanunrealworld,wheretheyalwaysplain(抱怨)aboutbeingpoor.Butthere’saverybigdifferencebetweenoursituationandpeoplewhohavenomoney.”WiththehelpofthemoneyLydiagavethem,thecharityhasjustfinishedbuilding“RainbowHouse”,anewbuildingthatwillhouse50childrenwhoseparentsaredead.IfLydiahadwonamillionpoundsandnotonly￡16,000,wouldshestillhavegivenawayallthemoney?Shesaid,“BeforegoingontheshowIthoughtalotaboutwhatitwouldbeliketohavealotofmoneyandIrealizedthatIwouldn’tlikeitatall.Andthen,ofcourse,asIhadbeentotheorphanageandhadseenalltheworkthatneededtobedone,Iknewhowusefulthatmoneycouldbe.Itwasfarmoreimportantforthecharitythanitcouldeverbeforme.IthinkIgotmoreenjoymentoutofgivingthemoneyawaythanifIhadkeptitformyself.”49.IsLydiaastudent?50.Whendidshefirstvisittheorphanage?51.Whatdoherfriendsatuniversitythinksheshoulddowiththemoney?52.WhoisRainbowHousebuiltfor?53.WhatkindofpersonisLydiaaccordingtothepassage?(Atleast2points)北京八一学校阅读下面短文，根据短文内容回答问题。Bashertisagentle，goldendog.Inhermind，thereisnohumanproblemsobigshecan'tlick（舔）better.Whenherownerissad，shelickshimtomakehimhappy.Whenherownerfeelsupset，shelickshimagaintoencouragehim."WhenIgotocamp，ImissBashertalot，"Bashert'sownerAaronRichards，a14﹣year﹣oldboyintheUS，toldtheNewYorkTimes.AnimalslikeBashertplayanimportantpartinpeople'slives.Whetheritisadog，acatoragoldfish，peoplealwaysenjoytheirpanionship（陪伴）.Butdoyouknowthatpeoplealsoloveanimalsforotherreasons？Whenstayingwithanimals，peoplecanrelax.paredtothehumanworld，theanimalworldseemstobesimpler.Peopledon'tneedtoworryaboutbeingjudgedbywordsorbehaviors.Forchildren，theycanforgetgradesandclassperformance.Whattheyfeeliswarmthandacceptancewithoutanyconditions.Animals，especiallypets，alsoteachpeopletolearnresponsibility.Besidesfeedingandcleaningthem，youalsoneedtocareforthem.Whentheyaresick，takethemtoananimalhospital.Whentheyfeellonelyjustplaywiththemforawhile.Whentheygetold，youshouldspendtimewiththemandletthemknowthatyouwillalwayslovethem.Suchacaringheartalsotellsyoutotreatpeopleinaniceway.Then，youwillfindyourselfamuchbelovedperson.（1）WhatdoesBashertdowhenherownerissad？（2）HowoldisBashert'sowner？（3）Doanimalsplayanimportantpartinpeople'slives？（4）Whatcananimalsalsoteachpeopletolearn？（5）Whatisthepassagemainlyabout？北京八十中阅读下面短文，根据短文内容回答问题。Doyouworryaboutyourhealth?Haveyoutriedtorunorwalkforexerciseandthenquit?Ifyouansweryes,youshouldtryanewtypeofexercise:aquaticexercise.Aquaticexerciseisakindofexerciseyoudoinaswimmingpool.Forexample,youcanrun,walk,orevendoamindbodypractice,suchasyoga.Moreandmorepeoplearetryingaquaticexercise.IntheUnitedStates,thenumberhasgrownby25%inrecentyears.Peopleinothercountriesarealsodoingaquaticexercisemorefrequently.Aquaticexercisehasmanybenefits.Firstofall,itfeelseasierthanexercisingonland.Why?Youweighabout90%lessinthepool.Itisalsobetterforyourkneesthanrunningorwalking.Aquaticexercisefeelseasy,butyoustillburncalories(卡).Wateris1,000timesthickerandheavierthanair.Inthesameamountoftime,youcanburnmorecaloriesinthepoolthaninthegym.That’sbecauseittakesmoreenergytomoveinthewater.Butwhatifyouarescaredofwater?Noproblem!Thereisnothingtoworryabout.Aquaticexerciseissafeandeasytolearn.Itdoesn'trequireanyspecialskills.Formostkindsofaquaticexercise,youdon'tevenneedtoknowhowtoswim.Infact,mostpeoplesaytheyfeelmorerelaxedinthewater.Theystopthinkingaboutthethingsthatmakethemanxious.Thecoolandquietenvironmentmakesthemexercisemore.Aquaticexerciseissuitableforeveryone.Youcandoitatanyage.Itcanevenhelppeoplewhohavebeenhurtinaccidents.Withaquaticexercise,theycanmoveinwaystheycan'tonland.Forexample,somepeoplewhocan'twalkcanwalkandevenruninthewater.Soareyoulookingforafunnewwaytoimproveyourhealth?Whynottry?Jointhemillionsofpeoplewhoareburningcalorieswhilekeepingcoolinthepool.34.Wheredopeopledoaquaticexercise?35.Whydopeopleburnmorecalorieswhiledoingaquaticexercise?36.Isitdifficulttolearnaquaticexercise?37.Whoisaquaticexercisesuitablefor?38.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?北京二中教育集团阅读下面短文，根据短文内容回答问题。Youmaythinkthatinventionsarefarawayfromyoureverydaylife.Butinfact,mostpeoplecaninvent.It'sjustthattheydonotknowthattheirideacouldbethestartofaninvention.Onceinventorsseetheirideashavesomepracticalvalue.theydon'tletthemgoaway.Forexample,theinventorofthedishwasher,AmericanJosephineCochrane.lovedtogivedinnerparties.Butshefoundittooktoolongtowashherdishesbyhandandtoomanyofthembroke.Shedecidedthatamachinecoulddothejobfasterandwithfewermistakes.So,in1886,shestartedtomakeoneforherselfLikeCochrane’s,mostinventionsarecreatedtosolveaproblem.So,thefirstandmostimportantstepistofindtheproblem.Startbylookingatwhatiswrongwiththingsyouusetowandaskpeoplearoundiftheyremembereversaying:“Iwishsomeonewouldinventsomethingfor…”Thenyoumightnoticesituationsorthingsinneedofimprovement.Thenextstepistothinkaboutpossiblesolutions.Aninventionisanewwayofsolvingsproblem.Sothinkofmanyandunusualways.Youcanofteneupwithasolutionforaproblembythinkingaboutitinanewway.Mostinventionsarenotpletelynew.Theydonoteoutofnowhere,butofthingsorideasthatalreadyexist(存在).Andthehardestpartofinventing,evenforalotofinventors,isingupwithaproblemandfindingasolution.Onceyouhaveanidea,youcanalwaysgethelpbuildingyourinvention.Thisproblemsolvingmethodcanalsoworkinyoureverydayhives.So,whynottryitinyourstudies,inyourrelationwithothers,oreveninthewayyoutookattheworld?58.Canmostpeopleinvent?59.WhendidCochranestarttomakethedishwasher?60.Howcanweofteneupwithasolutionforaproblem?61.Whatisthehardestpartofinventingforinventors?62.Whatdoesthewriteswanttotellus?北京师大附中阅读下面短文，根据短文内容回答问题。WorldKindnessDayisacelebrationwhichtakesplaceon13Novembereachyear.Itwasintroducedin1998bytheWorldKindnessMovement.Itiscelebratedinmanycountries,includingCanada,Japan,Australiaandsomeothercountries.WorldKindnessDayiscelebratedtohighlightactsofkindnesspassingonthepositive(正面的)power.Whybekind?Fewpeoplewoulddisagreewiththeideathatakindactionisgoodforthesoul(灵魂).Itisawinwinsituationbecauseitleadstoasenseofwellbeingbothforthereceiverofthiskindaction,aswellasforthepersonwhodoestheaction.Asasimpleexample,let’simagineyouhaveaworkmatewhoalwaysdoesaverygoodjob.Howabouttakingamomenttomentionthistothem,justinconversationorperhapsbyemail?Theeffectsofthiswillprobablybequiteclear:yourworkmatewillbehappytoreceivesomepraiseand,inaddition,youwillprobablyfeelgoodaboutyourselfforhavingspreadalittlejoy.Manyorganizationstrytoencouragepeopletobekind,whereverandwhenevertheycan.PerhapsthestrongestsupportersofthisideaaretheRandomActsofKindness(RAK)Foundation.TheRAKwebsitesuggestssomewaystoshowkindness.Generally,thesefallintothreecategories.Thefirstisinterpersonalkindness.Someexamplesaregivingoldclothestocharity(慈善机构)orwritingagoodmentaboutarestaurantthatyoulike.Thesecondisenvironmentalkindness,whichcouldmeansimplyrecyclingororganizingagroupeventtocleanalocalparkorbeach.Thethirdcategoryislessobvious:personalkindness,whichmeanstreatingyourselfkindly.Someexamplesaretakingawalkinnatureorsettingyourselfanobjectivetoplainless.Thelogicisthatbybeingkindtoyourself,youwillsurelybekindertotheworldaroundyou.Mostexpertsonkindnessagreethatithasasortofrippleeffect.Thismeansthatonekindactionismorelikelytoleadtomoreandmore.Sodon’twaitforkindnesstofindyoutoday,goandstartanewripple!47.WhenisWorldKindnessDay?48.WhyisWorldKindnessDaycelebrated?49.Whyshouldpeoplebekind?50.AccordingtoRAK,whatdoes“personalkindness”mean?51.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytellus?北京一七一中学阅读下面短文，根据短文内容回答问题。Everybodycansufferfromstress（压力）.Nomatterwhatyourageis，youcanfeelstressedoutbythingsthatarehappeninginyourlife.Teenagers，however，havemanymorechancestogetstressedthanpeopleinanyotheragegroup.Beingateenagerishard.Youarenotachildanymore，butyouarenotanadult，eventhoughyouhavetodealwithsomegrown﹣upproblemsanddecisions.Familiescanbeoneofthebiggestcauses（原因）ofstress，suchasproblemswithparentsarguing（争吵）athome，orproblemswithbrothersandsisters.Teenagersalsohavealotofstressfromschool，eitherfromtheirteachersorfromtheirfriends.Someteenagersalsofeelstressedaboutchoosingtheireducationafterhighschool.Gettingaplaceatuniversitycanbeverydifficultandsomecannotaffordtogotouniversity.Thestressaboutgettingajobwhenfinishingschoolisanothercauseofstressforsometeenagersbecausetherearesomanyyoungpeoplefinishingschoolandnotenoughjobsforthem.Sadly，thereisnothingwecandotoremovethesecausesofstressfromthelivesofteenagers，butyoucanlearnthebestwaytodealwithit.Talkingtopeopleisoneofthebestwaystodealwithstress.Itmaysoundsimple，butitistrue.Aproblemshared（分担）isaproblemhalved（减半）.（1）Howmanycausesofstressarementionedinthepassage？（2）Whatproblemscanbecausedbyfamilies？（3）Whydoteenagershavedifficultygettingajobwhenfinishingschool？（4）Whatisthebestwaytodealwithstress？（5）Whatisthispassagemainlyabout？北京101中学阅读下面短文，根据短文内容回答问题。Researchershavediscoveredthat,ingeneral,itonlytakessevensecondsforapersontostartmakingjudgments（判断）aboutyouwhentheyfirstmeetyou.That'swhyyoushouldfollowtheseusefultipsonhowtocreateagoodfirstimpression（印象）.DecidewhatimageyouwanttopresentBeforemeetingsomeone,startthinkingaboutthepurposeofthemeeting.Areyoutryingtoimpressthem?Forexample,ifyouwanttomakenewfriendsatasocialevent,youwillwanttoappearfriendly.Andifyoudecidetorunforclasspresident，youwillneedtoappearconfident.AsmilegoesalongwaySmilingisthemostimportantthingyoucandowhenmeetingsomeonenew.Itshowsthatyou'refriendlyandmakespeoplearoundyoufeelmorefortable.Tohaveawinningsmile,makesureyourteetharecleanbybrushingthemeveryday.BecarefulaboutyourbodylanguageBeforeyoubeginspeaking,youwillbejudgedonyourbodylanguage.Therefore,it’simportanttoshowtrustinyourselfbystandinguptallandputtingyourshouldersback.SmellgoodHowyousmellcaninfluencepeople'sfirstimpressionofyou.Ifyouhaveabadbodysmell,itwillputpeopleoff.Inshort,aimtosmellcleanandavoidputtingonalotofscentedproducts.DresstoimpressWhatyouwearmatters.Whileyoushouldlookcleanandtidy,it'salsoimportanttodressproperly,whetheryou’regoingtoabirthdaypartyorasportsevent.Youshouldthinkaboutwhatyourclothessayaboutyou.59.Howlongdoesittakeforapersontostartmakingjudgmentsaboutyou?60.Whatshouldyoustartthinkingaboutbeforemeetingsomeone?61.Howcanyoushowtrustinyourself?62.Doeswhatyouwearmatter?63.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?北京东直门中学阅读下面短文，根据短文内容回答问题。Campinginyourbackyardisfulloffun，whateveryourage，It'sgreatforkeepingusrelaxed.Itofferschancestocheckthenightskyandtobenoisierthanusual.Itletsushavefriendsovertostaywhomightnotfitinsidethehouse!Followtheseinstructionsandyou'llhaveanightyou'llneverforget!Putupyourtent.Dependingonthenumberoffamilymembersandguests，youmayneedmorethanonetent.Tellyourfriendstobringtheirtentsifneeded.FollowtheinstructionsorcheckoutthearticlesonhowtoputupatentontheInternet.Prepareyourbedding.You'llwantyourgueststobeabletorelaxinfort.Putsomethingsofttolieonthefloor：Ablow﹣upahmattressorthickfortersmayworkwellFillthetentwithsofttoysandblankets（毯子）.Havelightweightsleepingbagsorcottonblankets.Theyareespeciallyimportantifyoulivewherethenighttemperaturesdropgreatly.Prepareaseatingarea.Ifyouhaveapicnictable，thatwouldworkbest.Ifnot，setupafewchairsandasmalltabletosetoutdrinksandfood.Asimplechoiceistolayoutablanketinthesun，sothatyourfriendscaneatandtalk.Besurethegrassisn'twet!Makememories.Plansomeactivities.You'recampinginthebackyard，soit'stimetomakethemostofbeingoutdoors.Haveacameranearbytotakesillyphotosofyou，yourfamilymember，andyourfriends.Takeonelargegroupshotwitheveryonesmilingandlaughing.Besuretomakecopiesforeveryone!（1）Iscampinginthebackyardgreatfun？（2）Whatcanwedotohelprelaxourguests？（3）Whatisasimplechoicetoprepareaseatingarea？（4）Howdowemakememories？（5）Whatisthepassagemainlyabout？北京人大附中阅读下面短文，根据短文内容回答问题。OnNovember24,ChinalaunchedtheChang'e5lunarprobe(探测器)fromtheWenchangSpacecraftLaunchSiteinHainan.Chang'e5,withanorbiter(轨道器),alander,anascender(上升器)andareturner,hasamissiontobringbacksamplesfromthemoon.Afteritentersthelunarorbit(轨道),thelanderascenderbinationwillseparatefromtheorbiterreturnerbinationinordertotouchdownontheMoon.Within48hours,aroboticarmwillbeextendedtoscoopuprocksandregolith(风化层)onthelunarsurface,andadrillwilldigintotheground.About2kgofsamplesareexpectedtobecollectedinacontainerinthespacecraft.Thentheascenderwilltakeoff,andmeettheorbiterreturnerinorbit.Afterthesamplesarecarriedtothereturner,theascenderwillseparatefromtheorbiterreturner.ThentheorbiterwillcarrythereturnerbacktoEarth.ThelandingsiteofChang'e5willbetothewestofthatofChang'e3,whichwenttotheMoonin2013.ThissitewaschosenbyscientistsbecauseithasayoungergeologicalagethanthesamplingareaswheretheUnitedStatesandtheSovietUnionlanded40yearsago.PeiZhaoyu,DeputyDirectoroftheLunarExplorationandSpaceProgramCenteroftheChinaNationalSpaceAdministrationsaid,thatwiththesuccessofChang'e5project,China'sscienceandtechnologyhasbeengreatlydeveloped,whichisimportantforChina'sfuturemannedlunarlandinganddeepspaceexploration.52.WhendidChinalaunchtheChang'e5lunarprobe?53.WhatisthemissionofChang'e5?54.Howheavyarethesamplesexpectedtobe?55.WhydoscientistschoosethislandingsiteforChang'e5?56.Whatisthevalue(价值，意义)ofChang'e5toChina'slunarexploration?北京四中阅读下面短文，根据短文内容回答问题。ExpertsintheUnitedStateshavethefollowingsuggestionsforlivingahealthierlifestyle：Getactive.Rideabikeorwalktoplacesinsteadofdriving.Carsandothermachinesgreatlyreducetheneedforphysicalactivity.Thesemachineshelpusmovefromplacetoplaceeasilyandquicklyandworkwell，butwedon'tusemuchphysicalenergy.Eatawell﹣balancedmealmadeofprotein（蛋白质），grains，vegetables，andfruit.Somepeoplejusteatsnacksallday.Theyeatalotofjunkfood，suchaspotatochipsandsoda.Nutritionists（营养学家）suggestthatfamilieseattogether.Unfortunately，manypeopleofteneataloneandquickly.Iffamilieseattheirbigmealtogetherslowly，theycandiscusstheeventsoftheirdayandenjoytheirfoodandeachother'spany.Takethesoftdrinkandsnackmachinesoutoftheschoolsandeducatechildrenearlyaboutnutritionandexercise.Thetypicalteenagergetsabout10to15percentofhisorhercaloriesfromsoftdrinks，whichhavenonutritionatall.Replacethefoodinthemachineswithwater，juice，andhealthysnacks.Becarefuloffoodmessagesyouhearfromadvertisersthatsay，"Eatthis.Buythat."Technologyallowsadvertiserstosendusmessagesallthetime.Manyofthesefoodsarehighinfatandcalories.Choosenaturalfoods，suchasfruitsandnuts，insteadofmanufactured（加工的）foods.Inadditiontowhatindividuals（个人）cando，munitiesneedtobuildnewhousingmorecarefully.InmanymunitiesintheUnitedStates，it'shardtowalkfromplacetoplaceeasilybecausetherearenosidewalks.Ifwewantpeopletogetexerciseintheirmunities，theyneedsidewalks.Theyalsoneedbikepathssotheycanridesafely.Changeyourdiet.Eatmeatinfrequently.Twiceaweekischough.Parentsneedtosetagoodexamplesothattheirkidsgrowupinahealthyway.（1）Howcanwegetactive？（2）Whatisawell﹣balancedmealmadeof？（3）Howoftenshouldweeatmeattokeephealthy？（4）Whatisthepassagemainlyabout？北京一六六中学阅读下面短文，根据短文内容回答问题。BeanAdDetective（侦探）Everydayweseeadvertisements﹣onTV，inmagazines，onwebsites，too.Butoftenwedon'tnoticethem.Afamousfilmproduceronceshowedoveronehundredproductsinhisfilm，butmostpeopledidn'tnoticethem!Areyouanaddetective？Canyouunderstandthemessagesadvertiserssentyou？Tobeanaddetective，itisusefultoknowhowadvertisementswork.Let'slookatsometypicaladvertisingtechniques（技巧）.Grouppressure：Anadvertisementshowslotsofyoungpeople，eachwiththeirownmobilephone.Message：Everyonehasgotamobilephone.Youneedone，too!Association：Everyonelookshappyandhealthyintheadvertisement.They'recoolandbeautiful，too.Message：Ifyoubuytheproduct，youwillbehappyandcoollikethesepeople.Testimonials：Afamousathletesaysheorshewearsacertainbrandoftrainers.Message：You'llbegoodatsportsifyoubuythesetrainers.Or，becauseafamousathletewearsthesetrainers，they'reaproductyoucantrust.Repetition：Theseadvertisementsmentiontheproductlotsoftimesandsaywonderfulthingsaboutit.Message：Youneedtoremembertheproduct.Timepressure：Theseadvertisementsuseexpressionslike"Buynow!Halfpricethisweek."Message：Youshouldbuytheproductquicklybeforeyoumissagreatopportunity.Advertisementsareinteresting，butyoucanmakebetterdecisionsaboutwhattobuywhenyouknowthesetechniques!Trythesetips：readproductreviews，pareproducts，ifyouarenotsure，wait24hoursbeforebuyingsomething.Youmaydecidethatyoudon'treallyneedorwantitafterall!（1）Isitusefultoknowhowadvertisementswork？（2）Howmanyadvertisingtechniquesarethereinthepassage？（3）WhatmessagedohappyandhealthylooksinanAdsend？（4）WhattechniqueisittomentionaproductseventimesinanAd？（5）Whatisthepurpose（目的）ofthepassage？北京十二中阅读下面短文，根据短文内容回答问题。Filmsprovidemorethanjustentertainment.Watchingforeignlanguagefilmsisawaytodeveloplanguageskills.Whilewatchingafilm，youareimmersed（沉浸）inthelanguageandcanpickupnewexpressionsthatyoumightnotfindinatextbook.Somedifficultiescanarisewhenwatchingforeignlanguagefilms﹣﹣﹣forexample，herearemytipstohelpyoumakeprogressinEnglishlearningwhileenjoyingthefilms.Chooseafilmtypethatyouenjoy.Ifyoulikeactionfilms，watchanactionfilm﹣forexampleIndianaJones.Ifyoupreferedies，watchaedy﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣anythingwithHughGrantinalwaysprovidesalaugh!It'ssimpleenough，you'remorelikelytoenjoyitinEnglish.Choosesomethingthatyouarefamiliarwith.It'sbesttostartoffwithsomethingsimplebecauseinthiswayyouhaveahigherchanceofunderstandingthefilm.DisneyfilmssuchasTheLionKing，orthemorerecentlyreleasedTangled，areclassicexamples.OthercartoonssuchasRangoandTheLegoMoviearealsoworthawatch.Ifyouneedto，usesubtitles（字幕）.Subtitlesareveryhelpfulforbeginners.Usingsubtitlesinyourownlanguageistheeasiestchoice，butformoreadvancedlearnerswhynotconsiderusingEnglishsubtitles？Thisway，youcanmatchthewrittensubtitlestothewordsspokenonscreen.Ithelpsyoutodevelopyourlanguagefurther.Ihopeyoufindthesetipsuseful﹣﹣﹣ifyouwanttoremendafilmtootherusers，feelfreetousethementssection!（1）Iswatchingforeignlanguagefilmsawaytodeveloplanguageskills？（2）Whichfilmwillyouwatchifyoulikeactionfilms？（3）Whyisitbesttostartoffwithsomethingsimple？（4）WhatarehelpfulforbeginnerswhilewatchingEnglishFilms？（5）Whatisthepassagemainlyabout？参考答案北京交大附中49.Yes,sheis.50.Attheageof17./Whenshewas17.51.Sheshouldbuyahouseorpayforhereducation.52.(50)Childrenwhoseparentsaredead.53.Sheiskind,good,warmhearted,andgenerous.(符合人物积极品质的形容词)北京八一学校（1）Shelicksherowner.（2）14.（3）Yes，theydo.（4）Animals