考点22 阅读理解记叙文（核心考点精讲精练）高考英语一轮复习考点帮（新高考）

考点22阅读理解记叙文（核心考点精讲精练）1.高考真题考点分布年份卷次主题语境字数题型分类细节理解推理判断主旨大意词义猜测2024年2024·新高考I卷人与社会：美国兽医采用针灸技术治疗动物296+12703102024·新高考II卷//////2024·全国甲卷//////2024·北京卷人与自我：作者重拾画油画的信心并接受了自身局限性354+9913002024·浙江卷1月卷人与社会：感受电话亭变迁3382023·新高考I卷人与自然：生态机器净化污水340新高考=2\*ROMANII卷人与社会：UrbanSprouts花园项目帮助学生通过体验乡村生活。273+1261212023·全国甲卷人与自然：DIY高手TerriBoltonis的技能277全国乙卷人与社会：风景摄影师312北京卷人与自我：作者职业成功的经历350天津卷第二次人与自我：成为了社区管弦乐团的首席434+19831102023·浙江卷1月卷人与社会：在家庭中过零浪费的生活方式3502022·新高考I卷//////2022·新高考=2\*ROMANII卷人与社会：孙子把儿童读物当成平板电脑326全国甲卷人与社会：GinniBalinton往南极洲的旅程305+11821012022·全国乙卷//////2022·北京卷人与社会：参加保护自然活动治愈好了焦虑348+12431002022·天津卷人与自我：获得自尊就要首先学会接受自己本来的面目410+18722102.命题规律及备考策略【命题规律】纵观近三年高考试卷，通常一套卷有一篇记叙文，设题主要集中在细节理解题和推理判断题。所选的记叙文多以第一人称或第三人称为主，讲述一个短小精悍、有教育意义的故事，有时也会选用生活中的轶闻趣事。所讲述的故事题材丰富多样、富有生活气息，多按时间顺序叙述，偶尔也会有倒叙或插叙的情形。从语言与结构特点上看，英语记叙文以描写叙述为主，主要描写人物、事件、地点或过程。其特点是：主题往往隐藏在字里行间，没有直接地表达出来；文章主旨要通过人物、事件来进行提炼；文章大多按时间跨度、空间顺序、上下顺序来展开。阅读记叙文应采取略读和扫读的方法，快速抓住文中描写的主要内容，从整体上把握文章的连贯性，进而大体上揣测出作者的写作意图及文章的情感主线。从命题上看，记叙文阅读理解以细节理解题和推理判断题为主，以观点态度题、写作意图题、词义猜测题和代词指代题为辅，难度总体上属于中等程度。记叙文阅读理解题要求考生能理清记叙的顺序与所讲故事的情节，能准确把握人物的情感态度和作者的写作目的。【备考策略】在做阅读理解题时，首先要通读全文，弄清六要素和记叙的顺序，特别要注意文章中提到的多个时间、地点和人物，理清事件的起因、经过和结果；然后阅读题干，在文章中查找相关的信息；最后根据查找到的相关信息作出正确的选择。如果文中所涉及的人物较多，还要弄清人物之间的关系。一般故事性记叙文，通读全文，了解故事的发生、发展、高潮和结局；寓言哲理类记叙文，要理解故事所蕴含的哲理意义，尤其关注故事结尾的升华；逸闻趣事，人物传记类记叙文，要体会对话的风格，感受故事的精髓。【命题预测】从近三年命题的发展趋势来看，预测2025年高考记叙文阅读理解试题难度会保持相对稳定，但会继续考查细节理解题、推理判断题主旨大意题和词义猜测题等题型。【必备基础知识】一、【题型解读】记叙文类文章描述的是一件具体事情的发生、发展和结局，通常有时间、地点、人物、事件等。有些文章是按事件发展的经过为主线叙述的，在叙述的过程中有详有略；有些文章是按时间的顺序叙述的，有顺叙、倒叙等。从总体上来讲，文章的难度通常不大，在阅读过程中，我们一直在某个线索的引导下，随着作者的思路去了解一个故事或一件事情的始末，因此会感到比较轻松。命题往往从故事的情节、人物或事件之间的关系、作者的意图和态度、故事的前因和后果等方面入手，考查学生对细节的辨认能力以及推理判断能力。阅读此类文章应特别注意：若是一般故事性文章，应读懂故事的发生、发展、高潮和结局；若是＂哲理故事＂，要理解故事所蕴含的哲理意义；（3）若是＂逸闻趣事＂，应体会对话的风趣性，进而才能感受幽默的精髓。（1）文体和结构特点：英语记叙文以描写叙述为主，主要描写人物、事件、地点或过程。其特点是：主题往往隐藏在字里行间，没有直接地表达出来；文章主旨要通过任务事件来提炼。文章大多数按照时间顺序、空间顺序、事情发展顺序来展开。（2）阅读策略：A.首先要通读全文，弄清六要素和记叙的顺序，特别要注意文章中所提到的多个事件、地点和人物，理清事件的起因、经过和结果；B.然后阅读题干，在文章中查找相关的信息；C.最后根据查找到的相关信息做出正确的选择。如果文中所涉及的人物较多，还要弄清人物之间的关系。【语篇特点】内容上，记叙文应该包括六要素，即：时间、地点、人物、起因、经过和结果。可以按事件发生的时间顺序写，也可以按事件发生的先后写。命题上，主要集中在多个事件的先后顺序与人物的情感态度上。选材上，新颖、生动、真实、典型的素材描写，让读者有身临其境的感觉。形式上，顺叙、倒叙、插叙。语言上，一般过去时为主，各种时态为辅，合理使用丰富多彩的谓语动词时态是英语记叙文首要的语言特征；多用动词，尤其是动态强的行为动词是英语记叙文又一个明显的语言特征。二、【写作意图】1.讲述故事(tell/narrate/relateastory)2.分享经验(shareanexperience)3.纪念人物(rememberaperson)4.阐明道理(communicateanidea/conveyamessage)01记叙文中的细节理解题【题型解读】常见的命题方式通常有：1.特殊疑问句形式。以when,where,what,which,who,howmuch/many等疑问词开头引出的问题；2.以Accordingto…开头提问方式；3.少数试题以填空题的形式，如：（1）Toavoidattractingmountainlions,peopleareadvised________.（2）Bythefirstsentenceofthepassageauthormeansthat________.（3）Itseemsthatnowacountry’seconomydependsmuchon________.（4）Ifyouareinterestedinknowingaboutwhatpeople’slifewillbe,youmayvisit________.（5）Thepolicemenweretold“tolooktheotherway”(theunderlinedpartinParagraph2)sothat________.（6）Thepolicemanwhosaid“Goodevening”toRollswantedto________.eq\a\vs4\al([正确选项特征])1．同义替换。替换关键词，如把loseone'sjob换成了beoutofwork；变换词性，如把important变换成ofimportance；改变语态，如主动语态变成被动语态。2．信息归纳。用精练的语言来概括原文中比较分散或复杂的信息，设置为正确答案。3．正话反说。把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项。eq\a\vs4\al([干扰选项特征])1．张冠李戴。是原文信息，但不是题目要求的内容。2．无中生有。符合常识，但不是文章的内容。3．曲解文义。与原文极其相似，在细节处有变动。4．颠倒是非。在意思上与原文大相径庭甚至相反。5．正误参半。部分正确，部分错误。【解题技巧】（1）划出题干，选项关键词；（2）回忆文章结构，定位具体段落；（3）理解细节内容，最后找出答案；注意：记叙文细节理解题正确选项的特征一定是：①核心词，原词复现/同义词、近义词替换；②语言简化【2023年新高考全国Ⅰ卷】WhenJohnToddwasachild,helovedtoexplorethewoodsaroundhishouse,observinghownaturesolvedproblems.Aditrystream,forexample,oftenbecameclearafterflowingthroughplantsandalongrockswheretinycreatureslived.Whenhegotolder,Johnstartedtowonderifthisprocesscouldbeusedtocleanupthemessespeopleweremaking.Afterstudyingagriculture,medicine,andfisheriesincollege,Johnwentbacktoobservingnatureandaskingquestions.Whycancertainplantstrapharmfulbacteria(细菌)?Whichkindsoffishcaneatcancer-causingchemicals?Withtherightcombinationofanimalsandplants,hefigured,maybehecouldcleanupwastethewaynaturedid.Hedecidedtobuildwhathewouldlatercallaneco-machine.ThetaskJohnsetforhimselfwastoremoveharmfulsubstancesfromsomesludge(污泥).First,heconstructedaseriesofclearfiberglasstanksconnectedtoeachother.Thenhewentaroundtolocalpondsandstreamsandbroughtbacksomeplantsandanimals.Heplacedtheminthetanksandwaited.Littlebylittle,thesedifferentkindsoflifegotusedtooneanotherandformedtheirownecosystem.Afterafewweeks,Johnaddedthesludge.Hewasamazedattheresults.Theplantsandanimalsintheeco-machinetookthesludgeasfoodandbegantoeatit!Withinweeks,ithadallbeendigested,andallthatwasleftwaspurewater.OvertheyearsJohnhastakenonmanybigjobs.Hedevelopedagreenhouse-likefacilitythattreatedsewage(污水)from1,600homesinSouthBurlington.Healsodesignedaneco-machinetocleancanalwaterinFuzhou,acityinsoutheastChina.“Ecologicaldesign”isthenameJohngivestowhathedoes.“LifeonEarthiskindofaboxofsparepartsfortheinventor,”hesays.“Youputorganismsinnewrelationshipsandobservewhat’shappening.Thenyouletthesenewsystemsdeveloptheirownwaystoself-repair.”4.WhatcanwelearnaboutJohnfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A.Hewasfondoftraveling. B.Heenjoyedbeingalone.C.Hehadaninquiringmind. D.Helongedtobeadoctor.5.WhydidJohnputthesludgeintothetanks?A.Tofeedtheanimals. B.Tobuildanecosystem.C.Toprotecttheplants. D.Totesttheeco-machine.6.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinmentioningFuzhou?A.ToreviewJohn’sresearchplans. B.ToshowanapplicationofJohn’sidea.C.TocompareJohn’sdifferentjobs. D.ToerasedoubtsaboutJohn’sinvention.7.WhatisthebasisforJohn’swork?A.Naturecanrepairitself. B.Organismsneedwatertosurvive.C.LifeonEarthisdiverse. D.Mosttinycreaturesliveingroups.（2024·安徽合肥·三模）Atthebeginningofgraduateschool,IknewthatifIwantedtogettenure(长期聘用),Ihadtobeproductive.However,whenmyfirstthreepaperswererejectedbymajorjournals,aleadingexperttoldmemyprojectswerehopeless,andIwonderedifIshoulddropout.Weallgetrejectedatwork,whetherit’shavingoursuggestionsshotdownorgettingfiredfromajob.Itcausespain.Neuroscientists(神经系统科学家)havescannedthebrainsofpeoplewhohavecruellybeenexcludedfromanonlinegame.Thephysiological(生理学的)responselooksfairlysimilartoprocessingphysicalpain.Apparently,thiswasadaptiveinourevolutionarypast.Ifrejectiondidn’thurt,youmighthavebeenperfectlycomfortableleavingyourtribe,whichwouldnotbegoodforyoursurvival.Butit’sleftusnervousandlikelytooverreacttoeverydayrejections.Ifyou’veevergivenapresentationandfeltupsetbytheoneunfriendlyfaceinaroomfullofsmiles,youknowwhatImean.That’sthebadnews.Thegoodnewsisthatwecanlearntoacceptrejectioncalmly.“Whenyou’reinsecureinone,yourelyontheotheronethat’sdoingbetteratthattime.Pliability(柔韧性)isthedefinitionofstrength,”saidfilmmakerM.NightShyamalan.Whenmyworkgotrejectedearlyinmyacademiccareer,pliabilitybecamemysourceofstrength.Myidentityasaresearcherwasunderthreat,butthatwasn’twhathaddrawnmetograduateschoolinthefirstplace.Ihadanother,strongeridentity:Iwantedtobeateacher.However,Ihadn’thadthechance:Thefirsttwoyearsofmyprogramweresupposedtofocusentirelyonresearch.IrealizedthatifIwantedtobouncebackfromtheresearchrejections,Ihadtofindawaytoteach.Iconvincedanadvisertosignoffonindependentstudyprojectsforagroupofstudents,andIstartedmeetingwiththemweeklytoteachmyownlittleclass.Theconversationswiththestudentsgaverisetomyfirsttwomajorpapers,whichgavemeaheadstarttowardtenure.4．Whatwastheauthor’sreactiontotheleadingexpert’swords?A．Hetookhisadvice. B．Hefeltdiscouraged.C．Hepaidnoattention. D．Heconsultedanotherexpert.5．Whathaveneuroscientistsfoundout?A．Rejectionreallyhurts.B．Rejectionisimportanttosurvival.C．Peopletendtooverreacttorejection.D．Physicalpaingrowsbecauseofrejection.6．Whatdoestheauthoradviseustodowhenfacingrejection?A．Findoutthereasonsbehindit.B．Forgivethosewhorejectus.C．Turntoourstrongeridentity.D．Learnalessonfrompastfailures.7．Whathappenedtotheauthoratlast?A．Heleftgraduateschool.B．Heturnedintoamiddleschoolteacher.C．Heworkedonpracticinghisphysicalpliability.D．Heaccomplishedsomeresearchworksuccessfully.02记叙文中的推理判断题【题型解读】记叙文中推理判断题常常是人物性格、心情处境、态度及观点等推断题隐含推断题的题干一般为以下几个动词：infer(推断)，indicate(表明，暗示)；suggest(建议)；conclude(得出结论)；assume(假定，设想)；imply(暗示)。隐含推断题一般根据短文提供的信息借助语境进行推理判断，需要考生把握文章内在的逻辑关系，才能得出准确的判断，切忌主观臆断、无中生有或文章原句复现。【设问方式】1.Whatcanweinferfrom...?/Whatcanbeinferredabout...?2.Whatcanwelearnabout...?/Whatdoweknowabout...?3.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribes...?【解题技巧】高考阅读测试中有些题目考查学生对文章作者的主导思想、被描写人物语气、言谈话语中流露的情绪、性格倾向和作用或文中人物的态度、观点等方面的理解。做这一类题时一定注意：（1）由表及里地准确把握字里行间的意思，切勿用自己的主观想法或观点代替作者的思想观点。（2）特别注意那些描写环境气氛的语言，以及表达感情，态度观点的词语。要特别注意作者在文章中的措辞，尤其是感情色彩的形容词。（3）能结合自己平时积累的有关英语国家的文化传统、风俗习惯等背景知识来识别评价。【2024新课标Ⅰ卷B篇片段】“Iamnotcrazy,”saysDr.WilliamFarber,shortlyafterperformingacupuncture(针灸)onarabbit.“Iamaheadofmytime.”Ifheseemsalittledefensive,itmightbebecauseevensomeofhiscoworkersoccasionallylaughathisunusualmethods.ButFarberiscertainhe’llhavethelastlaugh.He’soneofasmallbutgrowingnumberofAmericanveterinarians(兽医)nowpracticing“holistic”medicine-combiningtraditionalWesterntreatmentswithacupuncture,chiropractic(按摩疗法)andherbalmedicine.Farber,agraduateofColoradoStateUniversity,startedoutasamoreconventionalveterinarian.Hebecameinterestedinalternativetreatments20yearsagowhenhesufferedfromterriblebackpain.Hetriedmuscle-relaxingdrugsbutfoundlittlerelief.Thenhetriedacupuncture,anancientChinesepractice,andwasamazedthatheimprovedaftertwoorthreetreatments.Whatworkedonaveterinarianseemedlikelytoworkonhispatients.So,afterstudyingthetechniquesforacoupleofyears,hebeganofferingthemtopets.24.WhatdosomeofFarber’scoworkersthinkofhim?A.He’sodd.B.He’sstrict.C.He’sbrave.D.He’srude.Passage1（2024·湖南怀化·一模）DuetothefactthattheaveragelifeexpectancyinGhanais64yearsold,andthemostcommoncausesofdeatharelargelytreatableconditions,suchasmalaria,stroke,andrespiratoryinfections.Boateng,growingupinasmallvillageinsouthernGhana/strugglingtoaccessbasichealthcare,feltanurgentcalltohelpanddecidedhewouldmakeithislife’smissiontobringhealthcaretoremotecommunitiesinGhana.Boatengworkedhardinschool,gettingascholarshiptostudybiologyatCornellUniversityintheUS,andultimatelyearnedhismaster’sinHealthcareAdministration.Laterhestartedhisnonprofit,OKBHopeFoundation,andconvertedavanintoamobiledoctor’sofficecalledtheHopeHealthVantobringhealthcaredirectlytothoseinneedin2021.Afewtimesaweek,themobileclinicandmedicalteamtravellongdistancestoremotecommunitiesinGhanaandprovidefreeroutinemedicalcare.Oneachtrip,Boateng’steamconsistsofanurse,aphysician’sassistant,adoctor,andanoperationassistant.Inthevan,theycanrunbasiclabslikebloodworkandurinalysisaswellasprescribeandprovidemedications.“It’slikeaone-stopshopforpeople,”saidBoateng,addingthatmostofthepeopletheyseehaveonehealthissueoranother.Sinceitslaunch,BoatengsaystheHopeHealthVanhasservedmorethan4,000Ghanaiansacrossmorethan45ruralcommunitieswhootherwisedon’thaveeasilyaccessiblemedicalcare.Tosupplementthemobileclinic,Boateng’sorganizationhasalsotrained20volunteerstoserveaslocalhealthadvocates.Theycheckpeople’svitalsandprovidethemedicalteamwithtimelydataforassessinghowtomoveforwardwithcareandtreatment,especiallyforthosewhosehealthisatrisk.Inthefuture,Boatenghopestoexpandtoprovidemoreconsistentandhigh-qualitymedicalcarenotonlytothoselivinginremoteareasofGhanabutinothercountriesaswell.“Ibelievethatourmodelcanbereplicatedinsub-SaharanAfrica,”hesaid.4．WhatinspiredBoatengtosethislifegoal?A．Hewantedtogetascholarship.B．Manylocalsdiedofdeadlydiseases.C．Thebirthplaceofhimwassmallandpoor.D．Basichealthcarewasinaccessibleforlocals.5．Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?A．HowBoateng’steamfunctions. B．WhyBoateng’steamwasfounded.C．WhatBoateng’steamhasachieved. D．WhereBoateng’steamhastravelled.6．WhatisBoateng’sattitudetohisteaminthefuture?A．Ambiguous. B．Ambitious. C．Indifferent. D．Doubtful.7．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．AvanbringingmedicalcaretothousandsB．AcountrylackingbasichealthcareC．EffortstoprovidepeoplewithmedicationsD．MobilevanstravellingthroughGhana03记叙文中的主旨大意题【题型解读】主旨大意题既考查细节理解能力,又考查深层次的推理、概括能力,难度较大。不仅考查考生略读文章、领会大意的能力，也对考生的归纳、概括能力提出了较高的要求。文章中没有明显的解题依据，需要考生从文章中提炼、抽取一些关键词、主干句进行加工概括，才能归纳出文章的主旨。命题方式：Whatisthetextmainlyabout?Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?What'sthefirst/second/thirdparagraphmainlyabout?What'sthemainideadiscussedinthefirst/second/..paragraph?【解题技巧】记叙文主旨概括题的破题方法：（1）首段法：首段主旨句；转折词后；破折号后（2）核心名词法：核心名词在文章中高频出现。可是“原词”或“同义词”不断曝光。（3）合并法：整合各段落大意，整合各段落首段信息（4）首位呼应法：整合首段和尾端信息【2023年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】Turningsoil,pullingweeds,andharvestingcabbagesoundliketoughworkformiddleandhighschoolkids.Andatfirstitis,saysAbbyJaramillo,whowithanotherteacherstartedUrbanSprouts,aschoolgardenprogramatfourlow-incomeschools.Theprogramaimstohelpstudentsdevelopscienceskills,environmentalawareness,andhealthylifestyles.Jaramillo’sstudentsliveinneighborhoodswherefreshfoodandgreenspacearenoteasytofindandfastfoodrestaurantsoutnumbergrocerystores.“Thekidsliterallycometoschoolwithbagsofsnacksandlargebottlesofsoftdrinks,”shesays.“Theycometousthinkingvegetablesareawful,dirtisawful,insectsareawful.”Thoughsomeareinitiallyscaredoftheinsectsandturnedoffbythedirt,mostareeagertotrysomethingnew.UrbanSprouts’classes,attwomiddleschoolsandtwohighschools,includehands-onexperimentssuchassoiltesting,flower-and-seeddissection,tastingsoffreshordriedproduce,andworkinthegarden.Severaltimesayear,studentscookthevegetablestheygrow,andtheyoccasionallymakesaladsfortheirentireschools.Programevaluationsshowthatkidseatmorevegetablesasaresultoftheclasses.“Wehavestudentswhosaytheywenthomeandtalkedtotheirparentsandnowthey’reeatingdifferently,”Jaramillosays.Sheaddsthattheprogram’sbenefitsgobeyondnutrition.Somestudentsgetsointerestedingardeningthattheybringhomeseedstostarttheirownvegetablegardens.Besides,workinginthegardenseemstohaveacalmingeffectonJaramillo’sspecialeducationstudents,manyofwhomhaveemotionalcontrolissues.“Theygetoutside,”shesays,“andtheyfeelsuccessful.”4.WhatdoweknowaboutAbbyJaramillo?A.Sheusedtobeahealthworker. B.Shegrewupinalow-incomefamily.C.Sheownsafastfoodrestaurant. D.SheisaninitiatorofUrbanSprouts.5.WhatwasaproblemfacingJaramilloatthestartoftheprogram?A.Thekids’parentsdistrustedher. B.Studentshadlittletimeforherclasses.C.Somekidsdislikedgardenwork. D.Therewasnospaceforschoolgardens.6.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheimpactoftheprogram?A.Far-reaching. B.Predictable.C.Short-lived. D.Unidentifiable.7.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.RescuingSchoolGardens B.ExperiencingCountryLifeC.GrowingVegetableLovers D.ChangingLocalLandscape（2024·浙江嘉兴·二模）Ihavealwaysbeenproudofmyhandwriting,askillIwastaughtingradeschool.TheteacherwasteachingusthePalmerPenmanshipMethod,drillingintoustheimportanceofformingbigflowinglineswhenwewroteg’sands’saswellasbeautifulf’sthatinmymindwerelikefairytaleprincesseswearingfancyhatswhileextendingtheirrightfoot.Wewerestrictlyprohibitedfromusingblocklettersonourhomework,astheylackthebeauty.Nowitbecomesapparentthatyoungpeoplenolongerlearncursive(草书).Theytypeeverything,mostlyontheirphones.Beautifulhandwritingisathingofthepast.Thishasbecomeasourceofgreatsadnessamongtraditionalists.Butrecentlysomethinghappenedthatshookmyfaithincursive.Tomycompletedisbelief,notonebuttwoofmyclosefriendscomplainedaboutthehandwritingonmypostcards.TheyweregratefulforthebeautifulpostcardsIregularlysent,buttheysaidtheyhonestlycouldn'treadathingIhadwritten.OnefriendwentsofarastoaskifIcoulduseblocklettersnexttimesothatshecouldunderstandwhatIwaswriting.Initially,Iwasangry.IhadmadetheefforttocoveranentirepostcardwithwhatIviewedasnotjusthandwritingbutcalligraphy.ButthenIshowedanEnglishfriendapostcardI'djustwritten,andhesaidthattheonlythingthatwasreadilyunderstandablewastheletters“U.S.A．”Therestofit,hepolitelysuggested,lookedlike“chickenscrawl”.Lookingatthepostcarddispassionately,Iunwillinglyadmitthathehasapoint.Allthem’sandn’sruntogether,andthel’slooklikel’s.Thea’sareindistinguishablefromtheq’s.So,fromnowon,I'mtakingtheiradviceandusingblockletterstocommunicate.Infact,Ijustnowsentanoldfriendapostcard.Butthistime,Isimplywrote—inbigblockletters:DEARALICE:HI.JOE.Ihopeshegetsthemessage.4．WhatdoweknowaboutthePalmerPenmanshipMethod?A．Itischaracterizedbybigflowinglines. B．Itisrarelyappreciatedbytraditionalists.C．Itwasnotallowedinstudents'homework. D．Itisviewedasatrendinhandwritingstyles.5．Whatweakenedthewriter’sbeliefincursive?A．Thepopularityofblocklettersinrecenttimes.B．Theyoungergeneration’sdisinterestincursive.C．Hisfriends’failuretocomprehendhispostcards.D．HisEnglishfriend'ssuggestiononpostcarddesign.6．Whydidthewriterswitchtoblocklettersforcommunication?A．Todeliverhismessageclearly. B．Toimprovehishandwritingskills.C．Towinpraisefromhisfriends. D．Toshowhispassionforcalligraphy.7．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Thewideuseofcursive. B．Thesaddeclineofcursive.C．Thevalueofpreservingcursive. D．Thetechniqueofwritingincursive.（最新模拟试题演练）Passage1（2024·湖北·一模）Tomisanexpertfromaroboticscompanywhocancommunicatesmoothlywithpeoplethroughcomputers,phones,andothermeans.However,whenfacingthecrowdonsite,hewillfeeluneasy.HisbossarrangedforTomtoshowcasetotheaudiencetheinnovativeworktheircompanyisdoing.Inresponsetotheboss’trustinhim,Tombravelybeganpreparingforthismatter.Oneday,whilewatchingTV,hehappenedtoseeaprogramwheretheventriloquist(腹语术者)Arthurinteractedwiththeaudiencethroughadummy(假人)toconveyinformation.Thisgavehiminspiration.Thenextday,hediscussedhisideawithhiscolleaguesinthecompanyandeveryonesupportedhisplan.Onthedayoftheexhibition,theyarrivedatthesceneearlyandpreparedeverything,althoughTomwasstillabitnervous.Themuch-anticipatedpresentationstarted.Thepresenterbeganwithalight-heartedjokeandthenproceededtosharesomeinterestingfactsaboutRealityRoboticsCompanybeforerevealingtheinnovativeworkthecompanywasundertaking.Throughoutthepresentation,therewerenopausesorinstancesofTom’sdreadedphrase:“butwhatIreallymeanttosaywas.”Theaudiencewasimpressedbytheinnovativeproductthepresenterdescribedandhopedforademonstrationtoseehoweffectivethenewinventionwas.Asthepresentationdrewtoaclose,thepresentersaidcalmlyandconfidently,“AndnowIwouldliketosharethisstagewiththemanwhoinventedme.”Tomwalkedontothestage,lookingexactlylikethepresenter.The“identicaltwins”tooktheaudiencebysurprise.Tomthenspokeslowly,“Whatyouhavejustwitnessedisademonstrationofthelatestinventionfromthecompany—apresentationrobot.”Suddenlyitallclickedandtheaudienceeruptedincheers.Tomthenexplainedhowthecompanycreatedsucharobotandprogrammedittospeak.“Asyoucouldseeandhear,ithadtheconfidenceIcouldneverexhibitinsuchapresentation.Wecanmodelitintoanexactcopyofyou.”Theaudiencegotexcitedattheprospect.Thebosssmiledapprovingly.MaybeTomdeservedapromotion,hethought.1．What’sTom’sproblem?A．Hetendedtogetnervouseasily.B．Hefailedtowinhisboss’recognition.C．Howasnotconfidenttospeakinfrontofthepublic.D．Hecan’tcommunicatewithpeopleinhisdailylife.2．Whatdoweknowaboutthepresenter?A．Hewasquiteserious.B．Hedidn’tliveuptoTom’sexpectations.C．HewasinspiredbythedummythatArthurworkedwith.D．Thoughconfident,hewasabitnervousgivingthepresentation.3．WhatdoesTom’scompanydo?A．Itcreatesinnovativerobots. B．Ithelpspresentnewideas.C．Itadvertisesnewproducts. D．Itproducesventriloquist’sdummies.4．Whatmainlycontributestothepresentation’ssuccess?A．Luckandhumor. B．Teamworkandcreativity.C．Cautionandresponsibility. D．Courageandfriendliness.Passage2（23-24高二下·山东菏泽·期中）Iknownexttonothingaboutbaseball.WhenintherightfieldduringP.E.asaboy,Iprayedtheballwouldn’tcometome.Ittookamiracle(奇迹)formetocatchit.YetIlaterbecamethefatheroftwoboys,WillandTim(8and5),whowerebothinterestedinbaseball.OnSaturdaymornings,I’dtakeWillouttotheplaygroundandplaycatchwithhim.Thankstomyweakarm,theballdroppedbeforehecouldcatchit.Aftermanymissesoneday,hesaid,“HowamIevergoingtomakethemajorleagues?”“Yougotthewrongdad,kid,”Ithought.Baseballisn’tmything.Still,Iwantedtogivemykidsconfidenceonthefield.TherewasanofficialLittleLeagueinourarea,butitwassuper-competitiveandprimarilytargetedolderboys.Whatifwehadsomethingmorelow-key,somethingthatwelcomedboysandgirls,andyoungerones?Isharedtheideawithsomeneighbors.“Thatwouldbegreat!”theysaid.Nowwhocouldorganizesuchathing?Notme.Itriedtoputtheideaaside,butitwouldn’tleaveme.IfinallydecidedthatImustdosomethingaboutit.SoIcalledthecity’srecreationdepartment,explainingthatsomefamilieswantedtostartabaseballleagueinourneighborhood.Werethereanyfieldsforthat?Theybouncedmearound.Finally,Ispoketotheofficialincharge.Igotbutterfliesinmystomach.Whatifhesaidno?“Yes,wehavesomethingforyou,”themansaid,hearingmyrequest.WegottwofieldsforfourhourseverySundaymorning.Ourleaguewasfounded.Whatajoyitwastositonthebenches,watchingWillandTimplayingbaseball!HowgratefulIwasforotherparentswhodidthecoaching!AndIbecamethemostunlikelybaseballcommissioner(专员)ever.Manyyearshavepassed.NowWillandTimarenewdads,andIcan’twaittoseewhatthey’llhavetodo.Iknowbetterthananyone:Parenthoodcallsyoutodothemostunlikelythings.5．WhydidtheauthorthinkhissonWillgotthewrongfather?A．Helackedconfidence. B．Hehadpoorbaseballskills.C．Hehadlittleenergyortime. D．Hedidn’tknowWill’sdream.6．Whatspecialfeaturedidtheauthorexpectthebaseballleaguehad?A．Beingeasytojoin. B．Havingitsownfields.C．Focusingontrainingkids. D．Havingprofessionalcoaches.7．Howdidtheauthorprobablyfeelwhiletalkingtotheofficial?A．Confident. B．Peaceful. C．Nervous. D．Hesitant.8．Whatdoestheauthorwanttostressinthetext?A．Theneedtochallengeoneself.B．Thegreatnessofparentallove.C．Theresponsibilityofparenthood.D．Theroleofsportsinkids’growth.Passage3（2024·江西·一模）OneofChina’sfirstfemalesea-rescuepilotslooksbackinprideat300-plusmissionsandpromisestosavemorelives.Whentheperfectstormbrews(酝酿)overtheboundlessseaandlivesareindanger,acrewofhighlytrainedprofessionalsembarksonamissionimpossibletosearchforandrescuesurvivorsfromtheroughwaters.WanQiuwenisoneofthem.And,she’sawoman.The36-year-oldfromShanghaihasbrokentheglassceilingtobecomeoneofChina’sfirsttwofemalerescuehelicopterpilotswhorespondtosearchandrescuemissionsinvolvingcargoshipsnags(货船遇险),vesselaccidents,medicalemergenciesandspecialmarineoperations.Thedemandingnatureoftheprofessionhadalwaysfavoredmalecandidatesuntiltheruleswerechangedforthefirstandonlytime.Shesays,“Rescueatseacanbebothchallengingandterrifying.Ifyoudon’tthinkandactfast,peoplemaydie.”OnAug20,2020,anoiltankerferrying3,000metrictonsofgasolinecollidedwithacargoshiploadedwithsandandgravelabout1.5nauticalmiles(2,778meters)southeastoftheYangtzeRiverestuary,sparkingafireonthedeckoftheoiltankerandcausingthelattertosink.Wanwasamongthefirstrespondents.SheflewtothesitefromGaodonghelicopterairport,whichisthecountry’sfirst-of-its-kindmarinerescuelaunchpad(发射台).“Thetankerwasstillburningandtherewasathickenvelopeofsmoke,reducingvisibilitytonearzero.”sherecalls.Andyet,withherseawisdom,Wanspottedasurvivorandexecutedasuccessfulrescueoperation.Shehoveredabovethetroubledwatersforacoupleofminutestoestimatethebestextractionpoint,andthenthrewdownaropeandpulledupaseriouslyinjuredcrewmember.Now,amotherofaboy,whenpeopleaskherifshewillcontinuetoflyonceherchildgrowsup,Wan’sresponseisaffirmative.“ThisprofessionisaboutsavinglivesandIamarescuepilot,onceandalways.”9．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“brokentheglassceiling”probablymean?A．Winningwidepraise. B．Makingapersonalbreakthrough.C．Disobeyingrulesofhercareer. D．Breakingbarrierspreventingwomen’sadvancement.10．WhichofthefollowingbestdescribeWanQiuwen?A．CourageousandCreative. B．ProfessionalandDetermined.C．ConservativeandHardworking. D．ResponsibleandSelf-disciplined.11．WhatcanbelearnedfromtheaccidenthappeningonAugust20,2020?A．ItisvisibleforWantoseeclearlythesitefromthesky.B．Boththeoiltankerandthecargoshipsankaftercollision.C．Duringtherescue,Wan