csm with review questionsc41普遍主义及其复习题

Trompenaars7DimensionsRELATIONSHIPSANDRULESFiveDimensionsofHowWeRelatetoOtherPeople1.UniversalismVsParticularism(RulesVsRelationships)2.CommunitarianismVsIndividualism(TheGroupVsTheIndividual)3.NeutralVsEmotional(Therangeoffeelingsexpressed)4.DiffuseVsSpecific(Therangeofinvolvement)5.AchievementVsAscription(Howstatusisaccorded)UniversalismUniversalismvs.Particularism

(Rulesvs.Relationships)ParticularismPeopleplaceahighimportanceonlaws,rules,values,andobligations.Theytrytodealfairlywithpeoplebasedontheserules,butrulescomebeforerelationships.Rulesbeforerelationships.Peoplebelievethateachcircumstance,andeachrelationship,dictatestherulesthattheyliveby.Theirresponsetoasituationmaychange,basedonwhat'shappeninginthemoment,andwho'sinvolved.Relationshipsbeforerules.1Youareridinginacardrivenbyaclosefriend.Hehitsapedestrian.Youknowhewasgoingatleast35milesperhourinanareaofthecitywherethemaximumallowedspeedis20milesperhour.Therearenowitnesses.Hislawyersaysthatifyoutestifyunderoaththathewasonlydriving20milesperhouritmaysavehimfromseriousconsequences.1aMyfriendhasadefiniterightasafriendtoexpectmetotestifytothelowerfigure.1bHehassomerightasafriendtoexpectmetotestifytothelowerfigure.1cHehasnorightasafriendtoexpectmetotestifytothelowerfigure.Whatrighthasyourfriendtoexpectyoutoprotecthim?Whatdoyouthinkyouwoulddoinviewoftheobligationsofaswornwitnessandtheobligationtoyourfriend?1dTestifythathewasgoing20milesanhour.1eNotTestifythathewasgoing20milesanhour.1Youareridinginacardrivenbyaclosefriend.Hehitsapedestrian.Youknowhewasgoingatleast35milesperhourinanareaofthecitywherethemaximumallowedspeedis20milesperhour.Therearenowitnesses.Hislawyersaysthatifyoutestifyunderoaththathewasonlydriving20milesperhouritmaysavehimfromseriousconsequences.Thecarandthepedestrian

Percentageofrespondentsoptingforauniversalistsystem(rules)ratherthanaparticularsocialgroup(answerscorb+e)1Review:TheCarandthePedestrian_____1Myfriendhasadefiniterightasafriendtoexpectmetotestifytothelowerfigureof20milesperhour._____2Hehasnorightasafriendtoexpectmetotestifytothelowerfigure.ClassifythefollowingasUniversalist(Univ)orParticularist(Part)_____3USA _____4CHINA1TheCarandthePedestrianPART1Myfriendhasadefiniterightasafriendtoexpectmetotestifytothelowerfigureof20milesperhour.UNIV2Hehasnorightasafriendtoexpectmetotestifytothelowerfigure.ClassifythefollowingasUniversalist(UNIV)orParticularist(PART)UNIV3USA PART4CHINA2Youareanewspaperjournalistwhowritesaweeklyreviewofnewrestaurants.Aclosefriendofyourshassunkallhersavingsinanewrestaurant.Youhaveeatenthereandyoureallythinktherestaurantisnogood.1aShehasadefiniterightasafriendtoexpectmetogoeasyonherrestaurantinmyreview.1bShehassomerightasafriendtoexpectmetodothisforher.1cShehasnorightasafriendtoexpectmetodothisforher.Whatrightdoesyourfriendhavetoexpectyoutogoeasyonherrestaurantinyoureview?2Youareanewspaperjournalistwhowritesaweeklyreviewofnewrestaurants.Aclosefriendofyourshassunkallhersavingsinanewrestaurant.Youhaveeatenthereandyoureallythinktherestaurantisnogood.1dYes.1eNo.Wouldyougoeasyonherrestaurantinyourreviewgivenyourobligationstoyourreadersandyourobligationtoyourfriend?Thebadrestaurant

Percentageofrespondentswhowouldnotwriteafalserevieworgivenorighttothefriendtoexpecttobehelped(answerscorb+e)2Thebadrestaurant_____1Shehasadefiniterightasafriendtoexpectmetogoeasyonherrestaurantinmyreview._____2Shehasnorightasafriendtoexpectmetodothisforher._____3USA _____4CHINAClassifythefollowingasUniversalist(UNIV)orParticularist(PART)2ThebadrestaurantPART1Shehasadefiniterightasafriendtoexpectmetogoeasyonherrestaurantinmyreview.UNIV2Shehasnorightasafriendtoexpectmetodothisforher.UNIV3USA PART4CHINAClassifythefollowingasUniversalist(UNIV)orParticularist(PART)Youareadoctorforaninsurancecompany.Youexamineaclosefriendwhoneedsmoreinsurance.Youfindheisinprettygoodshape,butyouaredoubtfulononeortwominorpointswhicharedifficulttodiagnose.1aMyfriendhasadefiniterightasafriendtoexpectmetotonedownmydoubtsinhisfavour.1bHehassomerightasafriendtoexpectmetonedownmydoubtsinhisfavour.1cHehasnorightasafriendtoexpectmetotonedownmydoubtsinhisfavour.Whatrightdoesyourfriendhavetoexpectyoutotonedownyourdoubtsinhisfavour?31dYes.1eNo.Wouldyouhelpyourfriendinviewoftheobligationsyourfeeltowardsyourinsurancecompanyandyourfriend?Youareadoctorforaninsurancecompany.Youexamineaclosefriendwhoneedsmoreinsurance.Youfindheisinprettygoodshape,butyouaredoubtfulononeortwominorpointswhicharedifficulttodiagnose.3Thedoctorandtheinsurancecompany

Percentageofrespondentswhowouldnottonedowntheirdoubtsinfavour(answerscorb+e)Thedoctorandtheinsurancecompany_____1Myfriendhasadefiniterightasafriendtoexpectmetotonedownmydoubtsinhisfavour._____2Hehasnorightasafriendtoexpectmetonedownmydoubtsinhisfavour. (notaskforUSAvsCHINA)3ClassifythefollowingasUniversalist(UNIV)orParticularist(PART)ThedoctorandtheinsurancecompanyPART1Myfriendhasadefiniterightasafriendtoexpectmetotonedownmydoubtsinhisfavour.UNIV2Hehasnorightasafriendtoexpectmetonedownmydoubtsinhisfavour.3ClassifythefollowingasUniversalist(UNIV)orParticularist(PART)Applyrulesandproceduresuniversallytoensureequityandconsistencyalthough...Wedonotwanttodegenerateintorigidityandbureaucracy,sowemust...Encourageflexibilitybyadaptingtoparticularsituations.However,...Wedonotwanttodrowninchaosorloseoursenseofcentraldirectionsowemust...UNIVERSALISMPARTICULARISMCentralguidelineswithlocaladaptationsanddiscretionPracticaltipsfordoingbusinessinuniversalistandparticularistcultures1.Focusismoreonrulesthanrelationships.2.Legalcontractsarereadilydrawnup.3.Atrustworthypersonistheonewhohonorshisorherwordorcontract4.Thereisonlyonetruthorreality,thatwhichhasbeenagreedto.5.Adealisadeal.UniversalistParticularist1.Focusismoreonrelationshipsthanrules.2.Legalcontractsarereadilymodified.3.Atrustworthypersonistheonewhohonorsch