初高中英语时态和语态（+图解+练习）

时态与语态

图解时态PART01时态现在过去将来过去将来一般一般现在一般过去一般将来过去将来进行现在进行过去进行将来进行过去将来进行完成现在完成过去完成将来完成过去将来完成完成进行现在完成进行过去完成进行将来完成进行过去将来完成进行时动词时态（16种）1.用法：①表经常性或习惯性的动作或存在的状态

②客观事实或普遍真理。2.构成：

主语+do/does主语+am/is/are例句：Athousand-milejourneybeginswiththefirststep.

Theearthgoesaroundthesun.3.标志词：always,often,usually,sometimes,onceaday/week/month/year,everyday,never,hardlyever（几乎不),onMondays等.过去现在将来在含时间和条件状语从句的复合句中如由when,if,assoonas,before,until，once,themoment等，用一般现在表将来，即主将从现。eg：IwillgowithyouassoonasIfinishmywork.一般现在时1.用法：①表示过去发生的动作或状态；

②也可表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。2.构成：

主语+did主语+was/were例句：Theclasswasdifficult,buttheteacherwaskindandfriendly.Thisafternoon,wehadourchemistryclassinthesciencelab.3.标志词：lastnight,yesterday,lastweek/month/year,someyearsago,in1995,inthepast,theotherday,atthattime,justnow.过去现在将来一般过去时1.用法：表示在将来某个时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态2.构成：①

begoingto+v.原→表示计划做某事/有迹象要发生某事②will+v.原

例句：Ithinkthattomorrow

willbeagreatday!

IbelieveIwillmakenewfriendshere,andthere’salottoexploreatseniorhigh.3.标志词：tomorrow,nextmonth,intwodays,soon，thedayaftertomorrow过去现在将来补：①go,come,leave,stay,start,begin等用现在进行时表示将来时。表即将发生或安排好要做的事。Eg:WeareleavingforLondon.②

beaboutto+v.原

=begoingto③beto+v.原,都表将来,“

马上做某事”Thetrainisabouttostart.Sheistobemarriednextmonth.一般将来时过去将来时

1.用法：表示从过去的某一时间看将来要发生的动作或状态，常用于宾语从句中。即：在过去看将来

2.构成：

woulddo或was/weregoingtodo例句：Ithoughttheywouldcometohelpme.Theyknewthattherewasgoingtobeseveralproblems.Theytoldmethattheywouldhaveaclassmeeting.Shesaidthatshewouldgotherebyherself.过去现在将来时态同步练习1.Thefestivaltraditionally__________(begin)onthefirstdayofthefirstmonthintheChinesecalendarandendswithLanternFestivalwhichisonthefifthday.2.Ourhostssharedmanyoftheirexperiencesand_____________(recommend)wonderfulplacestoeat,shop,andvisit.3.He__________(attend)animportantmeetingnextSaturday.4.Iftheirmarketingplanssucceed,they_____________(increase)theirsalesby20percent.5.Hesaidthathe__________(come)backinfiveminutes.beginsrecommendedwillattendwillincreasewouldcome

现在进行时1.用法：①表此时此刻正在进行的动作；②现阶段正在进行的动作或存在的状态。2.构成：

am/is/are+doing例句：Someoftheothersareeatingatthepark,butthefoodthereisreallyexpensive.MyparentsandIareplanningtogotoXi’antoseetheTerracottaArmy.3.标志词：now,thesedays,Listen!Look!rightnow,atthemoment,atpresent过去现在将来现在进行时往往与constantly,always,forevercontinually,allthetime等状语连用，

表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，带有“厌恶”、“赞叹”等感情色彩

eg:She’sconstantlycomplaining.

过去进行时1.用法：①表示过去某时或某段时间正在发生的动作，

②常与从句等特定的过去时间连用。2.构成：was/were+doing

3.标志词：thismorning,thewholemorning,alldayyesterday例句：TheywerewatchingTVatthistimelastnight.昨晚这个时候他们正在看电视。Hesaidhewashavingsupperat6o’clockyesterday.他说他昨天6点钟正在吃晚饭。过去现在将来时态同步练习

1.Look,thechildren__________(play)basketballontheplayground.2.He__________(listen)totheradiowhenIcamein.3.Hurryup,kids!Theschoolbus____________(wait)forus.4.I______________(watch)TVfrom7：00pm.to8:00pm.yesterday.5.She____________(cook)atthattime.areplayingwaslisteningiswaitingwaswatchingwascooking

现在完成时1.构成：①

主+has/have+done2.用法：①表示过去的动作对现在造成了影响和结果，常与already,yet,

never,ever,

lately，recently,

sofar,

uptonow，tillnow,bynow等副词连用。eg：Haveyoureadthebookyet?

你看了那本书吗？②现在完成时表示过去已经开始，持续到现在（还有可能持续下去）常与for+时间段,since+时间点;in/for/duringthepast/lastfewyears连用,多为延续性动词。

eg：IhavewatchedTVfortwohours.过去现在将来

过去完成时1.结构：主语+haddone

2.用法:①一件事情发生在过去，而另一件事先于它发生（即“过去的过去”）发生在前的事情的动词用过去完成。

Ihadlearnt5000wordsbeforeIenteredtheuniversity.

②表示从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去的另一时间的动作，常用的时间状语有：until/by/before/bytheendof

+“表过去的某一时间”。Bytheendoflastyear,wehadbuiltfivenewhouses.过去现在将来过去的过去ThisisthefirsttimethatIhavebeentoLondon.Itwasthwthirdtimethathehadmadethesamemistake.特殊句型It/This/Thatis/willbethefirst/second...timethat+从句（现完）It/This/Thatwasthefirst/second...timethat+从句（过完）时态同步练习1.Inthelastfiveyears,Cao__________(walk)through34countriesinsixcontinents,andin2016,hereachedthetopofKilimanjaro,Africa'shighestmountain.2.Since2011,thecountry___________(grow)morecornthanrice.3.Byabout6000BC，people______________(discover）thebestcropstogrowandanimalstoraise．haswalkedhasgrownhaddiscovered时态综合练习一Mymother

(play)thepianoeverySunday.Ourmathteacher

(grade)ourschoolworknow.Bytheendoflastyear,we

(produce)20,000cars.Mybrother

(go)toLondonlastsummer.Wewereallsurprisedwhenhemadeitclearthathe_______________

(leave)officesoon.Inthepasttenyears,China

(witness)greatchanges.Anewteacher_(come)tomorrow.We

(have)amathclassatthistimeyesterday.playsisgradinghadproducedwentwouldleavehaswitnessedwillcomewerehaving

时态综合练习一9.Wewereallsurprisedwhenhemadeitclearthathe____________(leave)officesoon.10.Inthepasttenyears,China________________(witness)greatchanges.11.Anewteacher_____________(come)tomorrow.12.We________________(have)amathclassatthistimeyesterday.13.…In1969,thepollutionwasterriblealongtheCuyahogaRivernearCleveland,Ohio.It______(be）unimaginablethatitcouldeverbecleanedup.…14.…Infact,Idon’tliketogoanymore,butI’mafraidI__________(lose)theirfriendship.WhatdoyouthinkIshoulddo?Ifyouwereme,wouldyoutalktothem?wouldleavehaswitnessedwillcomewerehavingwaswilllose语态PART02STEP1STEP3Thedefinitionofvoices

我们每天都打扫教室。教室每天都被我们打扫。Wecleantheclassroomeveryday.Theclassroomiscleanedbyuseveryday.Whatisthedifference?STEP1STEP3主动语态：主语是动作的发出者。被动语态：主语是动作的承受者。ThedefinitionofvoicesWecleantheclassroomeveryday.Theclassroomiscleanedbyuseveryday.发出者动作承受者承受者发出者动作STEP3Thestructureofpassivevoice一般现在时：am/is/are+done一般过去时：was/were+done一般将来时：will+bedone过去将来时：would+bedoneBe+及物动词的过去分词一般现在时：Theclassroomuseveryday.一般过去时：Theclassroomusyesterday.一般将来时：Theclassroomustomorrow.过去将来时：Theclassroomusthenextday.iscleanedbywascleanedbywillbecleanedby

wouldbecleanedby

STEP3ThestructureofpassivevoiceBe+及物动词的过去分词现在进行时：am/is/arebeingdone过去进行时：was/werebeingdone现在进行时：Theclassroomusnow.过去进行时：Theclassroomusatthattimeyesterday.isbeingcleanedbywasbeingcleanedby

STEP3ThestructureofpassivevoiceBe+及物动词的过去分词现在完成时：have/hasbeendone过去完成时：hadbeendone情态动词:情态动词+bedone现在完成时：Theclassroomusfortwohours.过去完成时：Theclassroom

us

fortwohoursyesterday.情态动词：Theclassroomus.hasbeencleanedbyhadbeencleanedby

mustbecleanedby

STEP3主动语态变被动语态主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语，宾格变主格。谓语变为被动结构，be+过去分词主动语态的主语变为被动语态的宾语，主格变宾格，并由by引导，有时可以省略。

He

writes

alettereveryweek.Aletteriswrittenbyhimeveryweek.宾语提前主语变，原主变宾by后见，时态人称be关键。STEP3主动语态变被动语态主谓双宾结构间接宾语变为主语，保留直接宾语。直接宾语变为主语，保留间接宾语，并且在间接宾语前+to/for

She

sentmeacard.Acardwassentbyher.tomeI

wassentbyher.acardSTEP3主动语态变被动语态复合宾语结构主动句中的宾语变为主语，保留宾语补足语。

He

told

ustocleantheclassroom.Weweretoldbyhim.tocleantheclassroomSTEP3注意事项主动形式表示被动意义(1)look,smell,taste,feel,sound,prove等系动词用主动表示被动意义。例:Thecakesmellsdelicious.蛋糕闻起来很香。(2)wash,open,read,write,cut,sell,drive等词作不及物动词且它们的主语为物，可用主动表示被动意义。例:Theclothwasheswell.这种布料好洗。Thebooksellsquickly.这书销售得快。

STEP3注意事项主动形式表示被动意义(3)beworth+doing表示“值得...”例:Thisfilmisworthseeing.这部电影值得看。

(4)want/need/require+doing表示“需要”=want/need/require+tobedone例:Mywatchneedsrepairing/toberepaired.我的手表需要修理。Myclotheswantwashing/tobewashed.我的衣服需要洗了。

STEP3注意事项不能用被动语态的情况(1)不及物动词happen,takeplace,die,rise，cometrue等没有被动语态。例：Allyourdreamswillcometrueifyoutryyourbest.(2)当谓语为某些表示状态的及物动词,cost,have,

own,hold，last等时，不能用被动语态。例:Ourholidaylasts10days.

同步练习1.Drivers_____________(require)toswitchofftheirmobilephonewhiledrivingnowadays.2.It_____________(build)originallytoprotectthecityintheTangdynastyandhasnowbeencompletelyrestored(修复).3.Whenfatandsalt_____________(remove)fromfood,thefoodtastesasifitismissingsomething.4.Trulyelegantchopsticksmight___________(make)ofgoldandsilverwithChinesecharacters.arerequiredwasbuiltareremovedbemade四、主谓一致主谓一致练习1.Thenumberofpeopleinvitedtotheparty____________(be)fifty,butanumberofthem____________(be)absentfordifferentreasons.2.Notonlythemotherbutalsothechildren____________(be)therethen.3.There__________(be)lotsofpeopleattherestaurantwhenIgotthere.4.Leavingthelessimportantthingsuntil

tomorrow_______(be)oftenacceptable.5.Thepolice_______(be)determinedtobringbackthethievesinorderforfurtherinvestigation.isarewerewereiswere时态综合练习二1.Mymother___________(play)thepianoeverySunday.2.Ourmathteacher_____________(grade)ourschoolworknow.3.Bytheendoflastyear,we_________________(produce)20,000cars.4.Mybrother___________(go)toLondonlastsummer.5.Webelievethat,withthejointeffortsofbothteachersandstudents,ourschool_______________(become)amoreenjoyableplaceinthenearfuture.6.Uptonow,theprogra