辽宁省铁岭市六校2024-2025学年高一英语下学期期末联考试题含解析

PAGEPAGE26辽宁省铁岭市六校2024-2025学年高一英语下学期期末联考试题（含解析）本试卷分第Ⅰ卷和第Ⅱ卷两部分，本试卷满分150分，考试时间120分钟第I卷（选择题）第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Howdoesthewomanfeel?A.Nervous. B.Sleepy. C.Confident.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W:HowwillIeversleeptonight?Tomorrow’sexamissoimportant.I’msoworriedaboutit,butIcan’taffordtobetired.M:Don’tpanic.Justcalmdown.Youhaveworkedhard,soyoushouldn’thaveanyproblems.2.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatdoesthemansuggestthewomando?A.Cleanhershoes. B.Buysomeshoesnow. C.Waitforthesales.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:Theseshoesarelookingveryuntidy.EvenwhenIcleanthem,theylookbad.IthinkI’llbuysomenewonesthisafternoon.M:IfIwereyou,IwouldwaituntilSaturday.Thesalesstartthen,soyoumightgetthemcheaper.3.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatdoesthemannormallyhaveforbreakfast?A.Eggs. B.Cheese. C.Toast.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M:Wherearetheeggs?W:We’verunout.Youcouldhavetoastforbreakfast.Wealsohavecheese.M:Ohno!YouknowhowmuchIlikemyusualbreakfast.4.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Acomputergame. B.Animaginarysituation. C.Avacationplan.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M:Jane,supposeyoulostallyourmoneywhiletakingavacationoverseas—whatwouldyoudo?W:Well,IguessI’dsellmywatchorcomputerordosomeoddjobsuntilIcouldaffordareturnplaneticket.5.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whendoestheman'strainleave?A.At3:10. B.At3:15. C.At3:30.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:It’s3:10.Mytraindoesn’tleavefor20minutes.Doyouwantanothercoffee?M:Notime.Mytrainisgoinginfiveminutes.I’llhavetogo.W:OK.Seeyoulater.其次节听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】6.Wherearethespeakers?A.Onahill. B.Onasnowmountain. C.Onavolcano.7.Whendidthebadearthquakehappen?A.10yearsago. B.50yearsago. C.100yearsago.【答案】6.C7.B【解析】【原文】M:Thisthingisn’tgoingtoerupt,isit?W:No,don’tworry.M:Whenyousaidweweregoingclimbing,Ithoughtyoumeantahillorasnowmountain.W:Relax.Ithasn’teruptedfor100yearsalthoughtherewasabadearthquakefivedecadesago.M:Thatkindofthinghappensnearvolcanoes.W:We’llbefine.I’vebeendoingthisclimbforthepast10yearsandnothinghashappened.M:Thegroundisgettingwarmer.W:Yes,whenwegettothetop,we’llbeabletolookinsideandseethesmokerising.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】8.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Teacherandparent. B.Husbandandwife. C.Photographerandcustomer.9.Whatdoesthemanwish?A.Hehadhadhishaircut. B.Hehadbeenonatrip. C.Hehadbeeninvitedtotheparty.10.Howmanychildrendoesthemanhave?ATwogirlsandaboy. B.Twoboysandagirl. C.Threegirls.【答案】8.C9.A10.B【解析】【原文】W:OK,couldtheboyandthegirlsitatthefront?Youandyourwifeneedtostandbehindthemandsmileateachother.M:Likethis?W:That’slovely,andjustonemore.Turnyourheadslightlytotheright,madam.Great.M:Ishouldreallyhavehadahaircutforsomethinglikethis.W:Don’tworry,sir.Youbothlookfine—andthekids.Didyousayyouhaveanotherchild?M:Yes,Johnisawayonaschooltrip.SometeachersaretakingagrouptoScotland.W:Oh,verynice.I’vetakenalotofpicturesforclientsupthere.M:Soyoutravelaround,doyou?W:Yes,Idoweddingsandthatsortofthing.Peoplegetmarriedallovertheplace.M:Dotheyinviteyoutotheparty?W:Usually,yes.Ihadquitealotofverynicemeals.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】11.Whyisthemanmakingthecall?A.Hiscomputerneedsrepairing.B.HisInternetconnectionhasfailed.C.Histelephonewentoutofservice.12.Whatwasthemandoingwhentheproblemoccurred?A.Hewaswatchingvideos. B.Hewaswritingabook. C.Hewasgivingaclass.13.HowmanylightsarethereontheInternetbox?A.One. B.Four. C.Five.【答案】11.B12.C13.C【解析】【原文】M:Hello.W:Goodmorning.HowcanIhelpyoutoday,sir?M:It’smycomputerItsuddenlywentoff.There’ssomethingwrongwiththeconnection.W:Haveyoutriedturningitoffandonagain?M:Yes,it’snotthedeviceitselfthat’sfaulty.It’stheInternetconnection.That’swhyIphonedyou.W:Iunderstand,sir,butwedohavetoask.Sometimespeoplecalluswhentheyreallyneedtorepairtheircomputer.M:Mineisfine.It’snew.Ineeditformywork,socanyougetthissortedoutquickly?W:Wewilltry,sir.Doyouusealotofvideosorcreativecontent?M:No,I’manonlineteacherandI’mrightinthemiddleofanimportantlesson.Ireallyneedtogetmyconnectionbackrightaway.W:Ofcourse,sir.CouldyoutellmehowmanylightsareshowingonyourInternetbox?M:Allofthem.W:Andaretheyallgreen?M:No.Fourofthemaregreenandoneisred.W:Ah,thefaultiswithyourtelephoneline.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】14.Whatistheman'sproblem?A.Hehasnoideahowtostarthispaper.B.Hedoesnotknowwhichbooktoreadfirst.C.Heistoobusytofinishhisassignmentintime.15.Whatdoesthewomanthinkoftheman'stopic?A.Itistoobroad. B.Itischallenging. C.Itisinteresting.16.Whatisthemanreallymoreinterestedin?A.Biology. B.Nature. C.Photography.17.Whatdoesthewomansaythemanhastodo?A.Askasmanyquestionsaspossible. B.Develophisreadingability. C.Usethetopicassigned.【答案】14.A15.A16.B17.C【解析】【原文】M:Hi,professor.IwashopingIcouldhaveamomentofyourtimeifyou’renottoobusy.I’mhavingsomeproblemsgettingstartedonmypaperandhopingyoucouldgivemesomeadviceonhowtobegin.W:Sure.Canyouremindmewhatyourtopicis?M:ThegeneraltopicIchoseisaesthetics(美学),butthat’sasfarasI’vegot.Idon’treallyknowwheretogofromthere.W:Yeah,that’smuchtoolargeatopic.Youreallyneedtonarrowitdowninordertomakeitmoreaccessible.Otherwise,you’llbewritingabook.M:Exactly.That’swhatIwantedtoaskyouabout.Iwashopingitwouldbepossibleformetochangetopics.I’mreallymoreinterestedinnaturethanbeauty.W:I’mafraidyouhavetosticktotheassignedtopic.Still,sinceyou’reinterestedinnature,thenthatcertainlycanbeworkedintoyourpaper.We’vetalkedaboutHumebeforeinclass,right?M:Ohyeah,he’sthephilosopherwhowroteaboutwhereourideasofbeautycomefrom.W:Exactly.Isuggestyougotothelibraryandgetacopyofhisbiography.Startfromthere.M:Great.Thanksfortakingthetimetoanswermyquestions,professor.W:Ifthere’sanythingelseyouneed,pleasecometoseemeinmyofficeatanytime.听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】18.WhendidTexasopentheirfirstdrive-in?A.In1915. B.In1921. C.In1933.19.Whatistheadvantageofadrive-intheateraccordingtothetalk?A.Alowerticketprice. B.Abetterviewofamovie. C.Amorecomfortableexperience.20.Whydiddrive-insbecomelesspopular?A.Lesspeopleliveinthesuburbs. B.Manypeoplelostinterestinit. C.Carpricesweretoohigh.【答案】18.B19.C20.A【解析】【原文】BecauseofCOVID-19,manynewmethodsarebeingformedforsocialcommunication.However,thereisoneoldermethodthatisbecomingpopularagain.Itiscalledthedrive-inmovietheater,ormorecommonly,adrive-in.Drive-insbeganaround1915,thefirstbeinginNewMexico.Theideasoonspreadaroundthecountry.Sixyearslater,Texasopenedtheirfirstdrive-inandNewJerseyopenedtheirfirstin1933.Drive-insareawaytowatchmovieswithoutbeingpackedintoamovietheater.Drive-insplayamovieonalargescreen,usuallyinaparkinglotoranopenspace.Beingabletositinyourowncarandwatchamoviecanbeamorepleasantexperienceformostpeople.Unfortunately,mostdrive-insfailedinthepast20years.Becausemorepeoplemovedintothecities,thesuburbandrive-indidn’thaveareliablecustomerbase.Citiesdon’thaveopenspacesbigenoughtooperatethesetheaterseither.Anotherreasonisthatthehighoilpricesalsomakepeopledriveless.BeforeCOVID-19,drive-insconsistedofonly1.5%ofallmoviescreensintheUSA,whichisahugedropfromwhentheymadeupover25%duringtheirpeak.Currently,drive-insaremakingtheirreturn.Nowwithbettertechnology,themoviepicturewillbemuchbetterthanwhendrive-inswereattheirmostpopulartime.Peoplefeelsaferaboutsittingintheirowncarswhilewatching,ratherthansittinginatheater.其次部分阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从所给的A，B，C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。ABesideswalkingtheredcarpetandlivingtheglamorouslife,thesecelebrities,includingAngelinaJolie,LaurenConrad,PrinceWilliamandKateMiddletonandMattDamon,areworkinghardtomaketheworldabetterplace.Readupontheircharities!AngelinaJolieIt'ssafetobetthatthemotherofsixhasheadlinedmorehumanitarianeffortsthanheractingcredits.“Icameintothisbusinessyoungandonlyworriedaboutmyownexperiences,myownpain.AnditwasonlywhenIbegantotravelandlookatlifebeyondmyhomethatIcameupwithanideatostartaworthwhileprogram,”shesaidwhenreceivingtheHumanitarianAward.LaurenConradAftertravelingtomarketsaroundtheworld,LaurenConradandherfriendfoundedTheLittleMarket,anorganizationthatworkswithfemaleartisansacrosstheglobeto“lessenpoverty,empowercommunities,andcreatesocialjustice”.“Wehavebeentravelingallovertheworldtofindlocalfemalecraftsmeninthecommunitiesandselltheirhandmadeproductsthroughouronlinestore,”Laurenwroteonherblog.PrinceWilliamandKateMiddletonInsteadofaskingtheirweddinggueststobuythemfinechinaorstocktheirwinecollection,thecouplerequestedthatdonationsbemadetotheRoyalWeddingCharitableGiftFund.AccordingtothePalace,approximately$1.7millionwasraisedthroughtheirgenerosity.MattDamonMattDamonandGaryWhiteco-foundednon-profitW,anorganizationpioneeringsolutionstoprovidepeopleacrosstheworldwithaccesstosafewaterandsanitation(卫生设备).“Ihopetoraiseglobalconsciousnessabouttheimportanceofthischallengeandthesolutions,”saysDamon.“IhavefourgirlsofmyownandIwantthemtobeproudoftheimpactI'mmakingintheworld.”21.Whatdothecelebritiesmentionedhaveincommon?A.Theyraisedalotofmoney. B.Theyarefamousactorsandactresses.C.Theyarecontributingtoabetterworld. D.Theyarerunningnonprofitorganizations.22.Whoismostlikelytohelpthosesufferingfromwarsanddisasters?A.LaurenConrad. B.AngelinaJolie. C.KateMiddleton. D.MattDamon.23.HowdoesTheLittleMarkethelpreducepoverty?A.Byhelpingsellwomen'shandcrafts. B.Byprovidingsafewater.C.Byteachingwomenarts. D.Bymakingdonations.【答案】21.C22.B23.A【解析】【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了安吉丽娜·朱莉、劳伦·康拉德、威廉王子、凯特·米德尔顿和马特·达蒙这些名人在慈善事业上做出的贡献。【21题详解】细微环节理解题。依据第一段“Besideswalkingtheredcarpetandlivingtheglamorouslife,thesecelebrities,includingAngelinaJolie,LaurenConrad,PrinceWilliamandKateMiddletonandMattDamon,areworkinghardtomaketheworldabetterplace.(除了走红毯、过着光鲜亮丽的生活，这些名人，包括安吉丽娜·朱莉、劳伦·康拉德、威廉王子、凯特·米德尔顿和马特·达蒙，都在努力让世界变得更美妙。)”可知，这些名人的共同点在于他们正在为一个更美妙的世界做出贡献。故选C。【22题详解】推理推断题。依据其次段“It'ssafetobetthatthemotherofsixhasheadlinedmorehumanitarianeffortsthanheractingcredits.(可以确定的是，这位6个孩子的母亲更多的是在人道主义方面的努力，而不是她的演技。)和“AnditwasonlywhenIbegantotravelandlookatlifebeyondmyhomethatIcameupwithanideatostartaworthwhileprogram(只有当我起先旅行，起先视察我的家之外的生活时，我才想到要起先一个有价值的支配)”可知，因为安吉丽娜·朱莉关注人道主义方面的努力，所以安吉丽娜·朱莉最有可能帮助那些遭遇斗争和灾难的人。故选B。【23题详解】细微环节理解题。依据第三段中“Wehavebeentravelingallovertheworldtofindlocalfemalecraftsmeninthecommunitiesandselltheirhandmadeproductsthroughouronlinestore(我们始终在世界各地找寻当地社区的女工匠，并通过我们的网上商店出售她们的手工制品)”可知，TheLittleMarket帮助销售女性手工艺品来削减贫困。故选A。BEveryoneshouldbesoluckyastohaveafriendlikeFranciaRaisa.OnThursday,singerandactressSelenaGomez,25,usedInstagramtoexplainwhyshewas“layinglow”thissummer.ShepostedaphotoofherselfinahospitalbedwithherfriendFranciaRaisaholdinghands.Shesaidsherecentlyreceivedakidneytransplantfromherbestfriendbecauseofcomplications(并发症)fromlupus(狼疮),anautoimmunedisease,whichmeansitistheresultoftheimmunesystemattackingnormaltissue,includingthekidneys,brain,heartandlungs.Peoplewithlupusmayfirstexperiencetiredness,jointpainoralittlebitofrash(皮疹)ontheirbodiesandcangoforalongtimebeforetheirdoctorsrealizeitismoreserious.Manypeopleseetwoorfourdoctorsbeforetherealproblemispickedup.AccordingtoDr.KyriakosKirou,roughlyathirdtoone-halfofpeoplewithlupusdevelopkidneydisease,anduptooneinfiveofthemwilleventuallyneedatransplant,sometimesbecausetheyweren’ttreatedwitheffectivedrugstopreventtheimmunesystemfromattackingthekidneys.ThoughGomezsaidthatshewas“verywellnow,”shewarnedaboutthedangersofnottakingmedicaldiagnosesseriously,likesheinitiallydid.HerInstagrampostalsocalledattentiontotwomajorhealthtopics:theneedforlivingorgandonatorsandthefactthatGomezrepresentsthreegroupsmorelikelytobediagnosedwithlupusandlupus-relatedkidneydisease.Nineoutof10peoplediagnosedwithlupusarewomen,andmostdevelopthediseasebetweentheagesof15to44.Andlupusistwotothreetimesmorecommonamongwomenofcolor,includingHispanicwomen,accordingtotheLupusFoundation.RaisaisLatina,andGomez’sfatherisofMexicanorigin.Whileit’snotessentialthattheorgandonatorandreceiverbeofthesameethnicity,peoplewhoshareasimilarbackgroundsometimesarebettermatched,accordingtodatafromtheUnitedNetworkforOrganSharing.24.WhatcanwelearnaboutFranciaRaisa?A.Sheislucky.B.Sheisselfless.C.Sheisoptimistic.D.Sheisencouraging.25.Whatislupuslikeatitsearlystage?A.Itisdeadly.B.Itishardtorecognize.C.Itssymptomsarepsychological.D.Itremindsyouofakidneydisease.26.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“them”inParagraph2referto?A.Peoplewithlupus.B.Coloredwomenlupuspatients.C.Lupuspatientswithkidneydisease.D.Womenbetweentheagesof15to44.27.Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytellus?A.RaisaandGomezhaveasimilarbackground.B.GomezhasfullyrecoveredthankstothekidneyfromRaisa.C.Itisvitalforthedonatorandreceivertobeofthesamerace.D.Theorganfromthedonatorofthesameracematchesthereceiverbetter.【答案】24.B25.B26.C27.D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇科普类短文阅读。文章主要讲了红斑狼疮是一种在初期很难识别的疾病，并有一部分狼疮患者会发展成肾病，严峻的须要进行肾移植。【24题详解】推理推断题。依据文章第一段Shesaidsherecentlyreceivedakidneytransplantfromherbestfriendbecauseofcomplications(并发症)fromlupus(狼疮),anautoimmunedisease,whichmeansitistheresultoftheimmunesystemattackingnormaltissue,includingthekidneys,brain,heartandlungs.可以推断出FranciaRaisa很无私，因为FranciaRaisa捐了一颗肾给SelinaGomez。故选B。【25题详解】推理推断题。依据文章其次段第一句Peoplewithlupusmayfirstexperiencetiredness,jointpainoralittlebitofrash(皮疹)ontheirbodiesandcangoforalongtimebeforetheirdoctorsrealizeitismoreserious.可以推断出，狼疮在初期很难被识别。故选B。【26题详解】词义揣测题。依据文章其次段AccordingtoDr.KyriakosKirou,roughlyathirdtoone-halfofpeoplewithlupusdevelopkidneydisease,anduptooneinfiveofthemwilleventuallyneedatransplant,sometimesbecausetheyweren’ttreatedwitheffectivedrugstopreventtheimmunesystemfromattackingthekidneys.可知，them指代前句中peoplewithlupusdevelopkidneydisease患肾脏疾病狼疮患者。故选C。【27题详解】段落大意题。依据文章最终一段内容可知，本段主要讲解并描述来自同一种族的供体器官会与接收者更好匹配。故选D。CWeathercouldpowerthenextgenerationofsmartwindows.Researchershavecreatedglassbyharvestingenergyfromwindandprecipitation(降水).Theapproachoffersanalternativetoothersmartwindowspoweredbybatteries,solarpanels,andevenstandardpoweroutlets.“Thecreationrepresentsanewkindofrenewableenergysource”,saysLimingDai,ananomaterialengineeratCaseWesternReserveUniversityinCleveland,Ohio,whowasnotinvolvedintheresearch.Smartglass,whichchangesitscharacteristicstoblockoutlightorheat,hasbeenaroundfordecades.Commonexamplesincludeglare-fightingrearview(后视)carmirrorsandwindowsthatchangecolorforenergysavingsandprivacy.Butmanyareexpensive,andpeoplearestilllookingforeco-friendlywaystopowerthewindows.Batteriesandplug-inoutletsaren’tapparently“green”,andbuilt-insolarpanelscancloudorhidepartsoftheglass.Inexperiments,theglassproducedupto130milliwattspersquaremeter,enoughtopowerapacemakerorasmartphonewhileit’sasleep,theteamreportedonlinelastmonthinACSNano.Thisoutputmightsuitmanyapplications,suchasbeingapowersourceforhomeorofficeelectronics,saysco-developerandscientistZhongWangoftheGeorgiaInstituteofTechnologyinAtlantaSincetheirfirstprojectin2012,alight-upsidewalkpoweredbyfootsteps,heandhiscolleagueshaveminiaturizedtheirgeneratorstocreateeverythingfromself-cleaningkeyboardstosensorsforsecuritysystems.ButWangandcolleaguesstillhavemoreworktodobeforethissmartglassisreadyforcommercialization.Now,theglasshasnowaytostoretheenergyitcreates.Tosolvethisproblem,Daisays,transparentsupercapacitors(超级电容器)couldbeplacedintotheglasswithoutdecreasingvisibility.Fornow,theteamwantstoimprovetheenergyefficiencyoftheirnanogenerators.Thesetinypowerplantscanconvertabout60%ofthemechanicalenergythattheyencounterintoelectricity.“Theoutputpowerisaconstantgoal,”Wangsays.“Freeenergysurroundsus,andanythingcanhappenifyoutakecontrolofit."28.Whatisuniqueaboutthesmartglass?A.Itcanprotectprivacy. B.Itismoreexpensive.C.Itispoweredbyweather. D.Itcanblockoutlightandheat.29.Whatisthemainideaofparagraph3?A.TheresearchhistoryofZhongWang.B.TheexperimentalprocessofZhongWang.C.TheresearchtheoryofZhongWang’steam.D.TheexperimentalfindingsofZhongWang'steam.30.Whatisthedrawbackofthesmartglass?A.Itcannotsuitthesupercapacitors. B.Itcannotkeepitsproducedelectricity.C.Itcannotpowerasmartphone. D.Itcannotchangeitscoloraccordingtoweather.31.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“convert”underlinedinthelastparagraph?A.Transform. B.Consume.C.Waste. D.Reserve.【答案】28.C29.D30.B31.A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种能供电的智能玻璃。该玻璃可以利用风力和降水产生电能，是一种绿色环保的能源产品，但该产品仍面临诸多问题，如电能储存问题。【28题详解】细微环节理解题。依据文章第一段“Weathercouldpowerthenextgenerationofsmartwindows.Researchershavecreatedglassbyharvestingenergyfromwindandprecipitation(降水).”可知，这种新型智能玻璃的独特之处在于它能利用风力和降水（即天气）获得能量。故选C。【29题详解】主旨大意题。依据第三段的内容尤其是该段首句“Inexperiments,theglassproducedupto130milliwattspersquaremeter,enoughtopowerapacemakerorasmartphonewhileit’sasleep,theteamreportedonlinelastmonthinACSNano.”可知，在试验中，玻璃每平方米产生高达130毫瓦的电能，足以为睡眠状态下心脏起搏器或智能手机供电，本段主要讲解并描述了科学家ZhongWang团队的试验成果。故选D。【30题详解】细微环节理解题。依据文章第四段“Now,theglasshasnowaytostoretheenergyitcreates(现在，玻璃无法储存它产生的能量)”可知，这种新型玻璃的缺点是不能储存它所发的电。故选B。【31题详解】词义揣测题。依据“theteamwantstoimprovetheenergyefficiencyoftheirna-nogenerators(目前，该团队希望提高纳米发电机的能源效率。)”和“about60%ofthemechanicalenergythattheyencounterintoelectricity.(大约60%的机械能转化为电能。)”可知，此处指这种发电机能把别的能量转化成电能。由此可以揣测，convert为“转化”之意。故选A。【点睛】阅读理解通常都会出现词义揣测题，要求考生从上下文理解中概括诞生词或短语的词义。考生作此类题型时，首先要找到所揣测词所在文章的位置，然后在理解文章大意的基础之上，对此词前后句反复研读，最终依据前后句揣测出词义。例如小题4要求揣测出convert的含义，就是依据此句依据“theteamwantstoimprovetheenergyefficiencyoftheirna-nogenerators(目前，该团队希望提高纳米发电机的能源效率。)”和“about60%ofthemechanicalenergythattheyencounterintoelectricity.(大约60%的机械能转化为电能。)”可知，此处指这种发电机能把别的能量转化成电能。由此可以揣测，convert为“转化”之意。DBytheendofthecentury,ifnotsooner,theworld’soceanswillbebluerandgreenerthankstoawarmingclimate,accordingtoanewstudy.Attheheartofthephenomenonlietinymarinemicroorganisms(海洋微生物)calledphytoplankton.Becauseofthewaylightreflectsofftheorganisms,thesephytoplanktoncreatecolourfulpatternsattheoceansurface.Oceancolourvariesfromgreentoblue,dependingonthetypeandconcentrationofphytoplankton.Climatechangewillfuelthegrowthofphytoplanktoninsomeareas,whilereducingitinotherspots,leadingtochangesintheocean’sappearance.Phytoplanktonliveattheoceansurface,wheretheypullcarbondioxide(二氧化碳)intotheoceanwhilegivingoffoxygen.Whentheseorganismsdie,theyburycarboninthedeepocean,animportantprocessthathelpstoregulatetheglobalclimate.Butphytoplanktonarevulnerabletotheocean’swarmingtrend.Warmingchangeskeycharacteristicsoftheoceanandcanaffectphytoplanktongrowth,sincetheyneednotonlysunlightandcarbondioxidetogrow,butalsonutrients.StephanieDutkiewicz,ascientistinMIT’sCenterforGlobalChangeScience,builtaclimatemodelthatprojectschangestotheoceansthroughoutthecentury.Inaworldthatwarmsupby3℃,itfoundthatmultiplechangestothecolouroftheoceanswouldoccur.Themodelprojectsthatcurrentlyblueareaswithlittlephytoplanktoncouldbecomeevenbluer.Butinsomewaters,suchasthoseoftheArctic,awarmingwillmakeconditionsriperforphytoplankton,andtheseareaswillturngreener.“Notonlyarethequantitiesofphytoplanktonintheoceanchanging.”shesaid,“butthetypeofphytoplanktonischanging.”Andwhydoesthatmatter?Phytoplanktonarethebaseofthefoodweb.Ifcertainkindsbegintodisappearfromtheocean,Dutkiewiczsaid,“itwillchangethetypeoffishthatwillbeabletosurvive.”Thosekindsofchangescouldaffectthefoodchain.Whatevercolourchangestheoceanexperiencesinthecomingdecadeswillprobablybetoogradualandunnoticeable,buttheycouldmeansignificantchanges.“It’llbeawhilebeforewecanstatisticallyshowthatthechangesarehappeningbecauseofclimatechange,”Dutkiewiczsaid,“butthechangeinthecolouroftheoceanwillbeoneoftheearlywarningsignalsthatwereallyhavechangedourplanet.”32.Whatarethefirsttwoparagraphsmainlyabout?A.Thevariouspatternsattheoceansurface.B.Thecauseofthechangesinoceancolour.C.Thewaylightreflectsoffmarineorganisms.D.Theeffortstofuelthegrowthofphytoplankton.33.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“vulnerable”inParagraph3probablymean?A.Sensitive. B.Beneficial. C.Significant. D.Unnoticeable.34.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Phytoplanktonplayadecliningroleinthemarineecosystem.B.Dutkiewicz’smodelaimstoprojectphytoplanktonchanges.CPhytoplanktonhavebeenusedtocontrolglobalclimate.D.Oceanswithmorephytoplanktonmayappeargreener.35.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Toassesstheconsequencesofoceancolourchanges.B.Toanalysethecompositionoftheoceanfoodchain.C.Toexplaintheeffectsofclimatechangeonoceans.D.Tointroduceanewmethodtostudyphytoplankton.【答案】32.B33.A34.D35.C【解析】【分析】本文为一篇说明文。一项最新探讨表明，由于气候变暖，世界海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿。这一现象的缘由是因为一种叫做浮游植物的微小海洋微生物，因为光线反射的作用，它们在海洋表面形成了五彩缤纷的图案，现在浮游植物受到海洋变暖趋势的影响，让浮游植物的生长更加旺盛，所以海洋相应会变得更蓝、更绿。【32题详解】主旨大意题。依据第一段Bytheendofthecentury,ifnotsooner,theworld’soceanswillbebluerandgreenerthankstoawarmingclimate,accordingtoanewstudy.可知，一项新的探讨表明，到本世纪末，由于气候变暖，假如不尽快的话，世界上的海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿。结合其次段Attheheartofthephenomenonlietinymarinemicroorganisms(海洋微生物)calledphytoplankton.Becauseofthewaylightreflectsofftheorganisms,thesephytoplanktoncreatecolourfulpatternsattheoceansurface.Oceancolourvariesfromgreentoblue,dependingonthetypeandconcentrationofphytoplankton.可知，这种现象的核心是一种叫做浮游植物的微小海洋微生物，在光线的作用下在海洋表面形成了五彩缤纷的图案。海洋的颜色从绿色到蓝色不等，这取决于海洋的类型和浮游植物浓度。由此可推断出这两段主要叙述了海洋生物是海洋颜色变更的缘由。故选B。【33题详解】揣测词义题。依据划线词后的Warmingchangeskeycharacteristicsoftheoceanandcanaffectphytoplanktongrowth,sincetheyneednotonlysunlightandcarbondioxidetogrow,butalsonutrients.可知，气候变暖会变更海洋的主要特征，并会影响浮游植物的生长。由此可推断，浮游植物很简单受到海洋变暖趋势的影响，也就是很敏感。故A项正确。【34题详解】推理推断题。依据第四段Themodelprojectsthatcurrentlyblueareaswithlittlephytoplanktoncouldbecomeevenbluer.Butinsomewaters,suchasthoseoftheArctic,awarmingwillmakeconditionsriperforphytoplankton,andtheseareaswillturngreener.可知，Dutkiewicz的模型预料，目前只有少量浮游植物的蓝色区域可能会变得更蓝。但是在一些水域，比如北极，气候变暖会使浮游植物的生长条件更加成熟，而这些水域会变得更绿了。由此可推断，浮游植物的生长条件更加成熟，浮游动植物就更多了，这些水域会变得更绿了。故D项正确。【35题详解】主旨大意题。第一段提出文章的主旨Bytheendofthecentury,ifnotsooner,theworld’soceanswillbebluerandgreenerthankstoawarmingclimate,accordingtoanewstudy.可知，一项新的探讨表明，到本世纪末，由于气候变暖，假如不尽快的话，世界上的海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿，接下来具体讲解并描述了缘由。故C项正确。其次节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）依据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Manyofuslivewitharoommateatsomestage．Sometimes，therecanbeproblems．Whohasn'thadanargumentaboutwhoseturnitistotakeouttherubbishorwhoshouldbetheonetoclearupafterdinner？___36___Youknowthatthere'salwayssomeoneelsearound，whichcanhelpyoufeelsafer．Thereisalwayssomeonetotalkto，soyouneverfeellonely．Besidestheseobviousbenefits，therearesomeyoumaynotnotice．___37___Toexaminetheeffectoflivingalone，Australianuniversityresearchersdidmuchresearchandfoundthatpeoplelivingalonetendedtoeatlessfreshfood，whichcanhaveasignificantnegativeeffectonlong-termhealth．However，thoselivingwithothersgenerallybenefitedfromamorevarieddietcomparedtothoselivingalone．___38___Theresearchersbelievethesocialandculturalrolesplayedbycooking，foodpreparationandeatingmaybeimportantconsiderations．Forexample，thoselivingwithfriendshavesomeoneelsetogoshoppingwith，andthusarelikelytobuyhigh-qualityfreshfoodregularly．___39___Ifpeoplelivingalonefindtheydonothavetheknowledgerequiredtoprepareaparticulardishorcookacertainfood，theymayfallbackonready-made，lesshealthyfood．However，iftheylivewithatleastoneotherperson，theymaybeabletoaskforhelp．Inaddition，peoplelivingalonecaneatwhatevertheywantatanytimeofthedayornight．However，it'shelpfultohavesomeonearoundwhoquestionsyourdecisiontoeatfrozenpizzaat3am．___40___So，ifyounowlivealoneandfindyourselffightingalosingbattleagainstpooreatinghabits，whynotconsidersharingahomewithsomeoneelse？Youcouldencourageoneanotherontogreaterhealthandwell-being．ACookingskil