2019年6月大学英语四级听力真题-第二套

2019年6月大学英语四级听力考试（第二套）PartIIListeningComprehensionSectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreenewsreports.Attheendofeachnewsreport,youwillheartwoorthreequestions.Boththenewsreportandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions1and2arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.1.WhatdidtheboyfromcentralCaliforniadoaccordingtoreport?A)Hesetarecordbeswimmingtoandfromanisland.B)Hecelebratedninthbirthdayonasmallisland.C)Hevisitedaprisonlocatedonafarawayisland.D)HeswamaroundanislandnearSanFrancisco.2.Whatdidthefatherdotoencouragehisson?A)Hedoubledthereward.B)Hecheeredhimonalltheway.C)Hesethimanexample.D)HehadtheeventcoveredonTV.Question3and4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.3.WhatwaspurposeoftheannualleavebonusinChina?A)Toendtheone-childpolicy.B)Toencouragelatemarriage.C)Toincreaseworkingefficiency.D)Togivepeoplemoretimetotravel.4.Whatdowelearnaboutthenewregulations?A)Theywillnotbewelcomedbyyoungpeople.B)Theywillhelptopopularizeearlymarriage.C)TheywillboostChina’seconomicgrowth.D)Theywillnotcomeintoimmediateeffect.Question5—7arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.5.Whatisthenewsreportmainlyabout?A)Cleaningserviceingreatdemandallovertheworld.B)Twoladiesgivingupwell-paidjobstodocleaning.C)Anewcompanytocleanupthemessafterparties.D)Cleanersgainfullyemployedatnightsandweekends.6.Whatisthecommonproblemofthehouseparty?A)Ittakesalotoftimetoprepare.B)Itleavesthehouseinamess.C)Itmakespartygoersexhausted.D)Itcreatesnoiseandmisconduct.7.WhatareRebeccaFollyandCatherinAshishplanningtodo?A)HireanAustralianlawyer.B)VisittheU.S.andCanada.C)Settlealegaldispute.D)Expandtheirbusiness.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions8—11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.8.Whatdidthemandoyesterday?A)Hehadadrivinglesson.B)Hegothisdriver’slicense.C)Hetookthedriver’stheoryexam.D)Hepassedthedriver’sroadtest.9.Whydidhefailtheexamthefirsttime?A)Hewasnotwellprepared.B)Hedidnotgettotheexamintime.C)Hewasnotusedtothetestformat.D)Hedidnotfollowthetestprocedure.10.Whatdoesthemansayabouthisdrivinglessons?A)Theyaretough.B)Theyarecostly.C)Theyarehelpful.D)Theyaretooshort.11.Whatdoesthemanhopetodonext?A)Passhisroadtestthefirsttime.B)Test-driveafewtimesonhighways.C)Findanexperienceddrivinginstructor.D)Earnenoughmoneyfordrivinglessons.Questions12—15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.12.Whatdoesthemanwanttoknow?A)Wherethewomanstudies.B)TheacceptancerateatLeeds.C)Leeds’tuitionforinternationalstudents.D)Howtoapplyforstudiesatauniversity.13.Whatisthemangoingtodo?A)ApplytoanAmericanuniversity.B)Doresearchonhighereducation.C)Performinafamousmusical.D)Pursuepostgraduatestudies.14.WhatmightqualifythemanforascholarshipattheLeedsuniversity?A)Hisfavorablerecommendations.B)Hisoutstandingmusicaltalent.C)Hisacademicexcellence.D)Hisuniqueexperience.15.Whatisthewomanplanningtodoaftergraduation?A)Doamaster’sdegree.B)SettledowninEngland.C)Travelwidely.D)Teachoverseas.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreepassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions16—18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.16.Whatdoesthepassagesayaboutants?A)Theyhelpfarmerskeepdiseasesincheck.B)Manyspeciesremainunknowntoscientists.C)Onlyafewspeciescausetroubletohumans.D)Theyliveinincrediblywell-organizedcolonies.17.Whatdowelearnfromthepassageaboutcarpenterants?A)Theyarelargerthanmanyotherspecies.B)Theycancausedamagetopeople’shomes.C)Theycansurvivealongtimewithoutwater.D)Theyliketoformcoloniesinelectricalunits.18.Whatcanwedotopreventantsfromgettingintoourhomes?A)Denythemaccesstoanyfood.B)Keepdoorsandwindowsshut.C)Destroytheircoloniescloseby.D)Refrainfromeatingsugaryfood.Questions19—21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.19.Whatisthefocusofthespeaker’sresearch?A)Thefunctionofthehumanimmunesystem.B)Thecauseofvariousauto-immunediseases.C)Thevirusesthatmayinfectthehumanimmunesystem.D)Thechangeinpeople’simmunesystemastheygetolder.20.Whatarethevolunteersaskedtodointheresearch?A)Reporttheirillnesses.B)Offerbloodsamples.C)Actasresearchassistants.D)Helptointerviewpatients.21.Whatdoesthespeakersaywillbetheimpactofhisresearch?A)Strengtheningpeople’simmunitytoinfection.B)Betterunderstandingpatients’immunesystem.C)Helpingimproveoldpeople’shealthconditions.D)Furtherreducingoldpatients’medicalexpenses.Questions22—25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.22.WhatdidTedKomadanoticeonedayafterhestartedteachingatKilipElementary?A)Hisstudentshadtroublegettingonwitheachother.B)Alotofkidsstayedatschooltodotheirhomework.C)Hisstudentswerestrugglingtofollowhislessons.D)Agroupofkidswereplayingchessafterschool.23.WhataredozensofstudentsfromKomada’sschoolgoingtodothisweek?A)VisitachessteaminNashville.B)Jointheschool’schessteam.C)Participateinanationalchesscompetition.D)Receivetrainingforachesscompetition.24.WhatdowelearnaboutthestudentsofKilipElementary?A)Mostofthemcomefromlow-incomefamilies.B)Manyhavebecomenationalchesschampions.C)Acoupleofthemhavegotinvolvedincrimes.D)Manybecamechesscoachesaftergraduation.25.WhathavethestudentslearnedfromKomada?A)Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.B)Thinktwicebeforetakingaction.C)Translatetheirwordsintoaction.D)Takeactionbeforeitgetstoolate.听力答案与解析AWhatdidtheboyfromcentralCaliforniadoaccordingtoreport?解析：根据原文“据California的一家电视台Enfresno周二报道，作为最年轻的游泳运动员，JimSavage刷新了新的游往前监狱的记录。“可知，他刷新了新的游泳记录。答案为A。AWhatdidthefatherdotoencouragehisson?解析：根据原文“Toencouragehisstrugglingson,hedoubleditto200dollar”得出答案。可知文中的父亲为了鼓励儿子，将奖金翻倍。答案为A。BWhatwaspurposeoftheannualleavebonusofChina?解析：根据原文“Theholidaybonuswastodesigntoencourageyoungpeopletodelaygettingmarried”得出答案。可知中国的年假奖金政策，是为了鼓励年轻人晚婚。答案为B。DWhatdowelearnaboutthenewregulations?解析：根据原文“…butonelawyertoldthepaperthechangesstillhavetobeadoptedbylocalgovernmentsandtheseprocedurestaketime”得出答案。由此可知，地方政府仍然需要适应这些改变，而且这些程序需要时间，所以可知，新的政策不会马上就生效。答案为D。CWhatisthenewsreportmainlyabout?解析：根据原文“Nowhowever,aNewZealandbasedstartupcompanyaimstobringmessyhomesandevensplittingheadachesbacktonormal.”得出答案。由此可知，文章主要讲了一个公司，主要负责清扫聚会之后的“战场”的故事。答案为C。BWhatisthecommonproblemofthehouseparty?解析：根据原文“Everyonelovesagoodhouseparty,butthecleaningupinthenextmorningisn’tasenjoyable.Nowhowever,aNewZealandbasedstartupcompanyaimstobringmessyhomesandevensplittingheadachesbacktonormal.”得出答案。由文中可知，聚会种遇到的最大的麻烦就是聚会之后的一片狼藉。答案为B。DWhatareRebeccaFollyandCatherinAshishplanningtodo?解析：根据原文“theyarereportedlymeetingwithlawyerstoseehowbesttotakethebusinessforward.”得出答案。由文中可知，因为他们还收到了美国和加拿大的请求，所以RebeccaFollyandCatherinAshish打算扩展业务。答案为D。CWhatdidthemandoyesterday?解析：根据原文“howdidyourdriver’stheoryexamgo?Itwasyesterday,right?M:Yes.”得出答案。由此可知，对话中地男士昨天参加了驾驶理论考试。AWhydidhefailtheexamthefirsttime?解析：根据原文“Ithinkyouunderestimatedhowdifficultitwouldbethefirsttime,didn’tyou?Ihearalotofpeoplemakethatmistakeandgoinunderprepared.”得出答案。由此可知，男士第一次考试没过是因为他没有准备充分。CWhatdoesthemansayabouthisdrivinglessons?解析：根据原文“Althoughthelessonsareratherexpensive.”得出答案。由此可知，男士说他地驾驶考试花费很高。DWhatdoesthemanhopetodonext?解析：根据原文“…andhopefully,I’llbesuccessfulthefirsttime.”得出答案。由此可知，该男士希望能一次通过驾驶考试。CWhatdoesthemanwanttoknow?解析：根据原文“…doyouknowhowmuchitisforinternationalstudentstostudythere?”得出答案。由文中可知，对话中的男士希望知道国际学生在利兹大学的学费。DWhatisthemangoingtodo?解析：根据原文“Anyway,I’monlygoingtobethereforayear,doingmymasters.”得出答案。由文中可知，男士想继续攻读他的硕士学位。答案为D。BWhatmightqualifythemanforascholarshipattheLeedsuniversity?解析：根据原文“Yeah,Iheardyouareatalentedpianoplayer.”得出答案。由文中可知，女士说男士是一个才华横溢的钢琴师。答案为B。DWhatisthewomanplanningtodoaftergraduation?解析：根据原文“Buttheplanistoworkataninternationalschooloverseas”得出答案。由原文可知，女士说“你可能会感到惊讶，我仍然会成为一名老师。但是我计划在英国获得一年左右的经验后，在海外的国际学校工作。”所以女士应该会选择在海外教学，作一名老师。答案为D。CWhatdoesthepassagesayaboutants?解析：根据原文“Averysmallpercentageofantsdoharmtohumans.”得出答案。由文中可知，只有极少一部分蚂蚁会伤害人类。BWhatdowelearnfromthepassageaboutcarpenterants?解析：根据原文“Some,likecarpenterants,canundermineahomestructure”得出答案。由文中可知，它们会破坏房子的结构。AWhatcanwedotopreventantsfromgettingintoourhomes?解析：根据原文“Mostimportantofall,avoidgivingantsanyaccesstofood”得出答案。由文中可知防止蚂蚁进房子最有效的方法就是切断蚂蚁的食物。DWhatisthefocusofthespeaker’sresearch?解析：根据原文“Myresearchfocusisonwhathappenstoourimmunesystemasweage.”得出答案。由文中可知，讲话人的研究重点就是当人们老的时候，免疫系统发生的变化。答案为D。BWhatarethevolunteersaskedtodointheresearch?解析：根据原文“Theycometotheuniversitytoprovideuswithbloodsamplestobeinterviewedandtohelpustocarryoutawholerangeofresearch.”得出答案。由文中可知，志愿者们的工作的就是为我们提供血液的样本。答案为B。CWhatdoesthespeakersaywillbetheimpactofhisresearch?解析：根据原文“Iwanttomakesurethatolderadultsarestillabletoenjoytheiroldage,andthattheyarenotspendingtimeinhospitalwithinfection.”得出答案。由文中可知，讲话者说他该项研究的意义就是为了让老年人安度晚年。DWhatdidTedKomadanoticeonedayafterhestartedteachingatKilipElementary?解析：根据原文“henoticedacoupleofdaysafterschoolthatagroupofkidwouldgettogethertoplaychess.”得出答案。由文中可知，TedKomada注意到一群孩子在下棋。答案为D。CWhataredozensofstudentsfromKomada’sschoolgoingtodothisweek?解析：根据原文“dozensofthosestudentsaregettingreadytoheadouttoNashvilleTennesseetocompetewithabout5000otheryoungpeopleattheSuperNationalsofChess.”得出答案。由文中可知，这周Komada学校的学生准备去参加一场国际围棋比赛。AWhatdowelearnaboutthestudentsofKilipElementary?解析：根据原文“Theschoolhasthehighestnumberofkidsfromlow-incomefamilies.”得出答案。由文中可知，大多数的学生都来自低收入的家庭。BWhathavethestudentslearnedfromKomada?解析：根据原文“Studentsaremorelikelytothinkabouttheiractionsandseewhethertheywillleadtotrouble.”得出答案。由文中可知，学生们学会的是做事情要三思而后行。听力原文与翻译新闻报道1A9-year-oldcentralCaliforniaboybravedstrongcurrentsandcoldwatertoswimfromSanFranciscotoAlktraskIslandandback.ACaliforniatelevisionstationEnfresno,reportedTuesdaythatJimSavage,setarecordastheyoungestswimmertomakethejourneytotheformerprison.TheTVstationreportedthatbycompletingtheswim,thefourthgradestudentfromLosbaniosbrokearecordpreviouslyheldbya10-year-oldboy.JimsaidthatwavesintheSanFranciscoBayhittinghimintheface30minutesintothisswim,madehimwanttogiveup.Hisfathersaid,hehadofferedhisson100dollarsasareward.Toencouragehisstrugglingson,hedoubleditto200dollars.Jamespushedforward,makingittoAlktraskIslandandbackinalittlemorethan2hours.Alktraskisoveramilefromthemainland.一名California中部的9岁男孩不畏寒冷和逆流，从SanFrancisco游到Alktrask岛并返回。据California的一家电视台Enfresno周二报道，作为最年轻的游泳运动员，JimSavage刷新了新的游往前监狱的记录。电视台报道说，通过完成游泳，这个来自Losbanios的四年级学生打破了之前由一名10岁男孩创立的纪录。JimSavage说，在他游泳的30分钟，旧金山湾的海浪拍打着他的脸，一度让他想要放弃。他的父亲说，他已经给他儿子100美元作为奖励。但是为了鼓励他挣扎的儿子，他将奖励翻倍至200美元。JimSavage向前推进，前往Alktrask岛并在2个多小时内返回。Alktrask距离大陆超过一英里远。新闻报道2OnthefirstJanuary，newregulationswerecomingtoafactwhicheliminatedanannualleavebonusforpeoplewhoputoffmarriageuntiltheageof23forwomenand25formen,theSouthChinamorningpostreports.Theholidaybonuswastodesigntoencourageyoungpeopletodelaygettingmarried,inlineswithChina’sone-childpolicy,butwiththepolicynowbeenabolished,thisholidayincentiveisnolongernecessary.Thegovernmentsays.Inshanghai,theyoungcoupleattheregistrationofficetoldthepaperthattheydecidedtoregistertheirmarriageassoonaspossibletotakeadvantageoftheexistingpolicy.Becauseanextraholidaywasabigdealforthem.InBeijing,oneregistrationofficehadabout300couplesseekingtogetmarriedthedayafterthechangeswereannounced.Ratherthantheusualnumber,oftenbetween70and80,butonelawyertellthepaperthechangesstillhavetobeadoptedbylocalgovernmentsandthisprocedurestaketime,sopeoplewhoarerushingforamarriagecanrelax.据华南早报报道，1月1日，新法规出台了一项法案，该法案取消了晚婚假（推迟到23岁结婚的女性和推迟到25岁结婚的男性）的奖金。年假奖金主要是鼓励年轻人推迟结婚，这与中国独生子女政策是一致的，但由于政策现已被取消，这种假期优惠政策也不必要了。政府部门说，上海登记处的年轻夫妇告诉该报，他们决定尽快登记结婚，以利用现行政策。因为额外的假期对他们来说是一件大事。在北京，当法案发布的第二天开始，一个登记处就有大约300对夫妇在等着领证。正常的领证人数，通常在70到80之间，但是一位律师告诉该报，地方政府仍然需要适应这些改变，而且这些程序需要时间，所以急着结婚的人可以暂时放松一下。新闻报道3Everyonelovesagoodhouseparty,butthecleaningupinthenextmorningisn’tasenjoyable.Nowhowever,aNewZealandbasedstartupcompanyaimstobringmessyhomesandevensplittingheadachesbacktonormal.TheproperlynamedstartupMorningAfterMaids,waslaunchedabout1monthagoinAucklandbyroom-maidsRebeccaFollyandCatherineAshers.Asidefromcleaningup,thetwowillalsocookbreakfastandevengetcoffeeandpainkillersforrecoveringmerrymakers.Althoughtheyarebothgainfullyemployed,theydidcleaningjobsintotheirnightsandweekendswhichiswhentheirserviceisinmostdemandanyway.Besidesbeingflattedwithrequestfromacrossthecountry,FollyandAshershavealsoreceivedrequestfromtheU.S.andCanadatoprovidetheservicesthere,theyarereportedlymeetingwithlawyerstoseehowbesttotakethebusinessforward.每个人都喜欢不错的家庭聚会，但第二天早上的清洁工作并不是那么令人愉快。然而，现在，一家总部位于新西兰的startup公司的目标是将凌乱的房屋，甚至让人非常头疼的房屋，恢复正常。这家公司正确命名为startupMorningAfterMaids,于1个月前在奥克兰,由房间女佣RebeccaFolly和CatherineAshers推出。除了清理之外，两人还会做早餐，甚至准备咖啡和止痛药来使那些狂欢后的人恢复过来。即使他们都是被高薪聘用，但是他们主要的工作时间是晚上和周末。除了满足全国各地的要求，Folly和Ashers还收到了美国和加拿大的请求来提供服务，报道称，他们正在与律师会面，然后看看如何能最棒地推动业务发展。长对话1W:Carl,howdidyourdriver’stheoryexamgo?Itwasyesterday,right?M:Yes,I’vepreparedasmuchasIcould.ButIwassonervoussinceitwasmysecondtrial.Thepeoplewhoworkedatthetestcenterwereverykindthough.Wehadalittleconversationwhichcalmedmedownabit,andthatwasjustwhatIneeded.Then,aftertheexam,theyprintedoutmyresult.ButIwasafraidtoopenituntilIwasoutside.IwassuchareliefthatIpassed.W:Congratulations!Iknewyoucoulddoit.Ithinkyouunderestimatedhowdifficultitwouldbethefirsttime,didn’tyou?Ihearalotofpeoplemakethatmistakeandgoinunderprepared.Butgoodjobinpassingthesecondtime.I’msoproudofyou.Now,allyouhavetodonextisyourroadtest.Haveyouhadanylessonsyet?M:Yes,thanks.I’msohappytobeactuallyontheroadnow.I’veonlyhadtwodrivinglessonssofar,andmyinstructorisveryunderstanding.So,I’mreallyenjoyingit.Ican’twaitformynextsession.Althoughthelessonsareratherexpensive.20poundsanhour,andtheinstructorsaysI’llneedabove30—40lessonsintotal,that’swhat?6—8hundredpounds.So,thistime,I’llneedtomakealotmoreeffort,andhopefully,I’llbesuccessfulthefirsttime.W:Well,goodluck.W：Carl，你的驾驶员理论考试怎么样了？那是昨天，对吗？M：是的，我已经尽可能地准备了。即使考试中心的人都很好，但是因为这是我的第二次考试，所以我很紧张。我们进行了一些谈话，让我平静下来，这正是我所需要的。然后考完试后，他们打印出我的结果。直到到外面，我才敢打开考试结果。知道过了，我才松了一口气。W：恭喜！我知道你可以做到。第一次考试的时候你低估了考试难度是吗？我知道很多人都会犯这样的错误然后准备不充分。但是第二次就顺利通过。我真为你骄傲。现在接下来你要做的就是路试。你已经上过课了吗？M：是的，谢谢。现在真的能上路之后我觉得好开心。我目前为止只上过两节驾驶课，我的教练还是很通情达理的。所以我真的很享受。我已经迫不及待地要开始下一阶段地学习了。即使课程费也是相当地昂贵。每小时20磅，教练说我总共需要30-40课，总地来说，多少呢？我大概需要600-800磅。所以，这一次，我需要付出更多努力，希望我第一次成功。W：祝你好运。长对话2M:Emma,I’vegotacceptedtotheuniversityofLeeds.Sinceyou’regoingtouniversityinEngland,doyouknowhowmuchitisforinternationalstudentstostudythere?W:Congratulations.Yes,Ibelieveforinternationalstudents,you’llhavetopayaround13,000poundsayear,it’sjustabitmorethanthelocalstudents.M:OK,that’sabout17,000dollarsforthetuitionandfees.Anyway,I’monlygoingtobethereforayear,doingmymasters.Soit’sprettygood.IfIstayedintheU.S.,it’dtake2years,andcostatleast50,000dollarsintuitionalone.Also,IhaveagoodchanceofwinningascholarshipatLeeds,whichwouldbeprettyawesome,thebenefitofbeingamusicgenius.W:Yeah,Iheardyouareatalentedpianoplayer.Soyouaredoingapost-graduatedegreenow?I’mstillinmylastyear,graduatingnextJune.Finally,I’llbedonewithmystudies,andcouldgoontoearninglotsofmoney.M:Areyoustillplanningonbeingateacher?Nomoneyatthatjobthen.W:You’dbesurprised,I’mstillgoingtobeateacher.Buttheplanistoworkataninternationalschooloverseas,afterIgetayearorsoexperienceinEngland.It’sbetterpaid,andIgettotravel,whichremindsmeI’mlateformyclass,andI’vegotsomedocumentsIneedtoprintoutfirst.I’vegottorun.M：艾玛，我已经被利兹大学录取了。既然你要去英国上大学，你知道国际学生在那里学习多少钱吗？W：恭喜。是的，我认为对于国际学生来说，你每年需要支付大约13,000英镑，这比当地学生要多一点。M：好的，这笔费用大约是17,000美元。不管怎么样，为了获得我的硕士学位，我只要在那里学习一年。但是很不错了。如果我留在美国，则需要2年时间，就学费的花销而言至少也要5万美元。另外，我也有可能在利兹获得奖学金，这就是成为音乐才子的好处。W：是的，我听说你是一位才华横溢的钢琴演奏家。那么你现在正在攻读研究生学位？我是念最后一年，明年六月毕业。完成学业可以继续赚钱。M：你打算当老师吗？那个工作不怎么挣钱。W：你可能会感到惊讶，我仍然会成为一名老师。但是我计划在英国获得一年左右的经验后，在海外的国际学校工作。这会得到一点报酬，然后我去旅行，这让我想起我上课迟到，我有一些文件，我需要先打印出来。我得跑了。听力篇章1Scientistshaveidentifiedthousandsofknownantsspeciesaroundtheworld.Andonlyafewofthembughumans.Mostantsliveinthewoods,oroutinnature.There,theykeepothercreaturesincheck,distributeseeds,andcleandeadanddecayingmaterialsfromtheground.Averysmallpercentageofantsdoharmtohumans.Butthoseareincrediblychallengingtocontrol.Theyaresmallenoughtoeasilyslipinsideyourhouse.Liveincoloniesthatnumberinthetensofthousandstothehundredsofthousands,andreproducequickly.Thatmakesthemgoodatgettingin,andhardtokickout.Oncetheysettlein,theseinsectsstartaffectingyourhome.Inadditiontobargingants,otherspeciescancausedifferentkindsofdamage.Some,likecarpenterants,canundermineahomestructure,whileothersinterferewiththeelectricalunits.Unfortunately,ourhomesareveryattractivetoants,becauseitprovideseverythingthecolonyneedstosurvive,suchasfood,water,andshelter.So,howcanwepreventantsfromgettingintoourhomes?Mostimportantofall,avoidgivingantsanyaccesstofood,particularlysugaryfood,becauseantshaveasweettooth.Wealsoneedtocleanupspillsassoonastheyoccur,andstorefoodinair-tightcontainers.Evengarbageattractsants,soemptyyourtrashasoftenaspossible.Andstoreyouroutsidegarbageinaliddedcan,whileawayfromdoorsandwindows.科学家们已经区分了世界上数以千计的已知蚂蚁物种。它们中只有少数会对人类造成伤害。大多数蚂蚁生活在树林中，或生活在自然界中。在那里，他们检查其他生物，传播种子，并从地面清理死亡和腐烂的物质。很小比例的蚂蚁会伤害人类。但控制它们难度极大。它们很小，很容易在你家里滑动游走。蚂蚁会把成千上万到数十万的地方变为殖民地，并在那里迅速繁殖。这一点使他们善于进入家中，但是很难清除。一旦他们安顿下来，这些虫子就开始影响你的家。除了蚁灾泛滥外，不同类型的蚂蚁也会造成不同类型的伤害。有些蚂蚁，比如木匠蚁，它们可以破坏房子结构，而有些蚂蚁会破坏电子零件。不幸的是，我们的房子对蚂蚁非常有吸引力，因为它提供了殖民地生存所需的一切，例如食物，水和住所。那么，我们如何防止蚂蚁进入我们家里呢？最重要的是，避免让蚂蚁获得食物，特别是含糖食物，因为蚂蚁喜好甜食。我们还需要尽快清理溢出物，并将食物储存在真空包装中。垃圾甚至也会吸引蚂蚁，所以尽可能经常倒垃圾。把你要带出的垃圾放在一个带盖的容器里，远离门窗。听力篇章2Myresearchfocusisonwhathappenstoourimmunesystemasweage.Sothejoboftheimmunesystemistofightinfections.Italsoprotectsusfromvirusesandfromautoimmunediseases.Weknowthataswegetolder,it'seasierforustogetaffections.Soolderadultshavemorechancesoffallingill.Thisisevidencethatourimmunesystemreallydoesn'tfunctionsowellwhenweage.Inmostofourwork,whenwewerelookingatolderadultswho’vegotanillness,wealwayshavetohavehealthcontrols.SoweworkverycloselywithagreatgroupofvolunteerscalledtheOneThousandElders,thesevolunteersareall65orover,butingoodhealth.Theycometotheuniversitytoprovideuswithbloodsamplestobeinterviewedandtohelpustocarryoutawholerangeofresearch.Therealimpactofourresearchisgoingtobeonhealthinoldage.Atthemoment,wearelivingmuchl