重庆市2024-2025学年高三上学期9月大联考英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1重庆市2024-2025学年高三上学期9月大联考英语试题第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whatisthemangoingtodonext?A.PickupBilly. B.Visitafriend. C.CallEmma.〖答案〗C【原文】M:Kate,doyouknowJenny’snewaddress?I’mgoingtosendherapackage.W:Itextedhertoaskaboutitandshehasn’treplied.M:Shemustbebusy.I’llcallherroommate.It’sEmma’right?W:Right.2.Whatdoesthewomanconcernabouttheman?A.Hisworkefficiency. B.Hishealth. C.Histravelplan.〖答案〗B【原文】W:Tim,youworkedovertimeagainyesterday.You’dbetternotpushyourselfthathardoryourhealthwillbreakdown.M:Thanks.Iplantotakeaholidayafterfinishingthisproject.3.Whatisthemanprobablydoing?A.Drivingacar. B.Ridingabike. C.Enteringtheschool.〖答案〗A【原文】W:Slowdown,George.We’recomingnearaschool.M:Iknow,mom.I’mgoingeightmilesanhour.Look,abikejustpassedus.4.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Ataconference. B.Atahospital. C.Atanairport.〖答案〗B【原文】W:Misterking,I’mhappythatyoudecidedtocomeinforyourphysicalcheckup.M:I’mgoingabroadtoattendaconferenceandIwanttomakesureIdon’thaveanyproblems.5.Whatdoesthewomansuggestaboutgoingfordinner?A.ToUncleJohnson. B.Eatingwithafriend. C.Exploringnewoptions.〖答案〗【原文】M:HowabouthavinglunchatuncleJohn’sagain?Thefoodwasdeliciousandthestaffwerefriendly.W:Yes,butlet’sbemoreadventurous.Quiteafewrestaurantshaveopenedhererecently.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。6.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Husbandandwife. B.Brotherandsister. C.Fatheranddaughter.7.WhydotheymentionBarry?A.Becausehewasjustinthephoto.B.Becauseheownsasuperbcamera.C.Becausehetookthephototheyarediscussing.〖答案〗6.A7.C【原文】M:Whodoyouthinktookthisone?W:Ican’tremember.M:Youlookveryyoung.W:Yeah,lookatmyhair.Itwassolong.M:Minetoo.Lookatme.Ithinkitwastakenafterourwedding.W:Whotookit?Wasityourdad?M:No,itwasn’t.DoyourememberBarry?W:Yes,yourcousin,ahighschoolboythen.M:Yeah,hetookitwithhisnewcamera.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。8.Whatisthemanprobablydoing?A.Teachingclass. B.Tellingstories. C.Correctingmistakes.9.WhydoesMr.GreenconsidertheFibonacciseriesimportant?A.Becauseitisaverydifficultconcepttounderstand.B.Becauseitcanbecommonlyfoundinourdailylife.C.Becauseitiscomposedofaseriesofluckynumbers.10.WhatismangoingtodonextWednesday?A.Givefurtherexplanation.B.Lecturestudents’behavior.C.Conductasurvey.〖答案〗8.A9.B10.A【原文】M:OK,beforeyou’redismissed,doesanyonehaveaquestion?Ok,Stephanie?W:Thankyou,Mistergreen.YoumentionedtheFibonacciseriesjustnow.Idon’tquiteunderstand.Couldyouexplain?Whatdoesitmean?M:FibonacciwasaEuropeanmathematicianinthemiddleages.TheFibonacciseriesisaseriesofnumbersinwhicheachnumberisequaltothetwonumbersbeforeitaddedtogether.Asimpleexamplegoeslikeone,one,two,three,five,eightandsoon.W:Whyisitimportant?M:Well,it’simportantbecauseitcommoningeometryanditcommoninnature,forexample,inplants.Actually,weseethesenumberseverywhere.W:Couldyougiveussomespecificexamples?M:Well,wedon’thavetimetoday,butIcanexplainmoreaboutitinthenextlessononWednesday.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。11.Whatisthisspecialproductmadefrom?A.Trees. B.Animalskins. C.Rocks.12.Whatthreatarethetigersfacingnow?A.Illegallyhunting. B.Lossofhabitats. C.Spreadofdiseases.13.WhatdoseSimonthinkcanhelpTigers?A.Controlminingactivities.B.Raisetheawareness.C.Issueenvironmentallaws.〖答案〗11.C12.B13.A【原文】W:Thereusedtobemorethan20,000tigersinIndia,buttodaytherearefewerthan2000left.WhyisthisSimon?M:Well,wehavemanagedtodealwiththehunters,butamuchgreaterproblemisthatbeautyproductscompaniesaremakingaspecialproductinlargequantities.W:Doesthisproductcomefromtigers?M:No,buttherocks,theproductismadefromarefoundinthetiger’slastnaturalhabitat.Thishabitatisbeingdestroyed.W:Isee.Sohowseriousistheproblem?M:Ipredictthatwithintenyears,theIndiantigerwilldisappearforever.W:Butsurelythetigerscouldbemovedtoareserve?Aren’ttheyprotectedbyenvironmentallaws?M:Yes,theycertainlyare.Butlargeareasofforestaredestroyedtomakewayfortheminingoperations.W:Sowhatdoyouthinkcanbedonetosavethetigers?M:I’mnotsure,butatleastminingoperationsneedtoberestrictedbeforeit’stoolate.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。14.WhydoesDonaldstartworkingatearlyage?A.Toacquirevariousskills.B.Tohelpsupporthisfamily.C.Tobefinanciallyindependent.15.WhoisRobert?A.Donald’sfather. B.Donald’sbrother. C.Donald’sson.16.WhatdoesDonaldthinkaboutchildrendoinghousework?A.Hebelievesit’sbeneficialfortheirwell-being.B.Hethinksit’sjustawasteoftimeforchildren.C.Hefeelsthatchildrenshouldfocusontheirstudiesinstead.17.HowdoesDonaldviewhisfather?A.Asastrictdisciplinarian.B.Assomeoneunimportant.C.Asarolemodelandhero.〖答案〗14.B15.B16.A17.C【原文】W:Welcomeback.Now,wecontinueourtalkwithDonaldKeith.SoDonald,inyournewbook,yousaidyoustarteddoingfarmworkatseven,helpingatagroceryattenanddrivingatruckatfourteen.Childrenaren’tallowedtodosuchthingsanymore.Doyouthinkthat’samistake?M:Well,Ilearnedinahurrybecausemyfamilyneededmyhelp.Iwasdaddy’sonlysonatthattime.RobertcamefifteenyearsafterIdid.Itwasduringthedepressionyearswhenanyincomewashelpful.Today,thingsaredifferent.W:Doyouthink,though,thatweunderestimateourchildrennow?Weseemtotreatthemaschildrenforaverylongtime?M:Ithinkso.Sharingsomehouseworkshouldbegoodforthehealthygrowthofourchildren.W:Yourfatheremergesasapowerfulhumanbeingthroughoutyourbook.Wouldyouliketotalkmoreabouthim?M:Daddywasmyheroinmanyways,anddeservedlyso.Hewasagreatfarmer,asuccessfulbusinessman,aswellasanexcellentbaseballcoach.WhatevermydaddydidwaswhatIwantedtodosomeday.听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。18.WhatdoesAlicedoinFrance?A.Shootingafilm. B.Visitingrelatives. C.Learningarts.19.WhatisspecialabouttheGarcia'shouse?A.Itsgoodlocation.B.Itslonghistory. C.Itsmodernitywithglassdoors.20.Whatisthepurposeofthespeaker?A.Torecommendheraccommodation.B.Tointroducetwoextraordinaryartists.C.Toshareheruniquelearningexperiences.〖答案〗18.C19.C20.B【原文】Hieveryone,thisisAlice.Ican’tbelievethatI’mactuallyhereinFrance.Therearesixstudentsinmyclass.We’restayinginthehomeofaFrenchcoupleintheJuramountains.MisterandMissusGautierareartistsandtheyteachanartclassjustforuseverymorning.I’mlearningsomewonderfulpaintingtechniques.Laterintheday,wevisitlocalvillagesandpaintwhatwesee.Thehousewearestayinginissolovely.MissusGautier’sfamilybuiltitintheeighteenthcentury.I’veneverseenanythinglikeit.Itlookslikesomethingfromafilm.It’sverylargeandalltheroomshaveglassdoors.Ispendalotoftimeinthegardeninfrontofthehouse.Ithasbecomemyfavoriteplacebecauseit’ssoquiet.SometimesIjustsitthereforhourstillthesunsets.I’veneverhadanexperiencelikethis.第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题：每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AIntotheWild—GettoknowsomeofthemammalsthatcallYellowstonehomeBisonBisoncanweighupto2,000poundsandareherbivores(食草动物).Despitetheirsize,theyareverymobileandcanrunupto30mphandjumpuptosixfeetvertically.In1902,America’swildbisonhaddecreasedtoonlytwodozenduetooverhunting.ConservationeffortsincreasedtheYellowstonebisonpopulationto4,800in2023.SeetheminHayden,LamarandPelicanvalleys.GrayWolfGraywolveshadgoneextinctinYellowstoneuntil14werereintroducedin1995.Today,approximately108wolveslivehere.Thesesocialanimalsliveingroupsandcanbegray,whiteorblack.Theyhuntelk,deerandbisonneardawnandduskthankstotheirexcellentnightvision.Foryourbestchanceofseeingthem,headtoLamarorHaydenvalleysorBlacktailDeerPlateauintheearlymorning.ElkUpto20,000elksummerinYellowstone,butmostmovetolowerelevationsinthewintermonths.Elkarealargememberofthedeerfamilyandcanbeidentifiedbytheirsizeandwhiterumps.Matingseason,knownas“therut”,occurseachfallwhenmaleelkfightwitheachotherforfemales.It’scharacterizedbytheirhauntingbuglingsound.Inthesummer,seetheminCascadeMeadows,MadisonCanyonandLamarValley.GrizzlyBearOneoftwospeciesofbearsinYellowstone,grizzliesarebig.Theycanweighupto700poundsandhaveadistinctivehumpbetweentheirshoulders.Grizzliesareomnivoresandwilleatbugs,plants,fishandmammals.Approximately150liveinYellowstoneandifyou’relucky,youmayspotthemintheHaydenandLamarvalleys,northofMountWashingtonandbetweenFishingBridgeandtheEastEntrance.21.WhatcontributedtothedeclineofAmerica’swildbisonpopulationby1902?A.Disease. B.Climatechange.C.Unsustainablehunting. D.Habitatloss.22.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaboutgraywolvesinYellowstone?A.Theywerereintroducedin1902.B.Theyprimarilyhuntduringthemidday.C.TheycanonlybefoundinLamarValley.D.Theyliveinpacksandcanhavevariouscolors.23.WhereareyoumostlikelytoencounterallthefourmammalsinYellowstone?A.LamarValley. B.MadisonCanyon.C.PelicanValley. D.HaydenValley.〖答案〗21.C22.D23.A【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了美国黄石公园四种常见的野生哺乳动物。【21题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段第三句话“In1902,America’swildbisonhaddecreasedtoonlytwodozenduetooverhunting.(1902年，由于过度捕猎，美国的野牛数量减少到只有24头。)”可知，1902年前美国野牛减少到只有24头是因为过度猎捕，即不可持续的猎捕。故选C项。【22题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段第三句“Thesesocialanimalsliveingroupsandcanbegray,whiteorblack.(这些群居动物生活在群体中，有灰色、白色或黑色。)”可知，灰狼是群居动物，有各种颜色。故选D项。【23题详析】细节理解题。根据Bison部分中的“SeetheminHayden,LamarandPelicanvalleys.(在海登，拉马尔和鹈鹕山谷可以看到它们。)”、GrayWolf部分中的“Foryourbestchanceofseeingthem,headtoLamarorHaydenvalleysorBlacktailDeerPlateauintheearlymorning.(想要看到它们的最佳机会，请在清晨前往拉马尔或海登山谷或黑尾鹿高原。)”、Elk部分中的“Inthesummer,seetheminCascadeMeadows,MadisonCanyonandLamarValley.(夏天，你可以在喀斯喀特草地、麦迪逊峡谷和拉马尔山谷看到它们。)”和GrizzlyBear部分中的“Approximately150liveinYellowstoneandifyou’relucky,youmayspotthemintheHaydenandLamarvalleys,northofMountWashingtonandbetweenFishingBridgeandtheEastEntrance.(大约有150只生活在黄石公园，如果你幸运的话，你可以在海登和拉马尔山谷、华盛顿山以北、钓鱼桥和东入口之间看到它们。)”可知，在文章介绍的能看到这四种哺乳动物的地点中，拉马尔山谷（LamarValley）是都提到的，所以在拉马尔山谷才有可能见到文章提到的四种哺乳动物。故选A项。BAwearablehealthmonitordevelopedbyWashingtonStateUniversityresearcherscanreliablymeasurelevelsofimportantbiochemicalsinsweatduringphysicalexercise.The3D-printedmonitorcouldsomedayprovideasimpleandnon-invasive(无创的)waytotrackhealthconditionsanddiagnosecommondiseases,suchasdiabetes,kidneydiseaseorheartdisease.Reportinginthejournal,ACSSensors,theresearcherswereabletoaccuratelymonitorthelevelsofvolunteers’glucose(葡萄糖)anduricacid(尿酸).“Diabetesisamajorproblemworldwide,”saidChuchuChen,thefirstauthorofthepaper.“Ithink3Dprintingcanmakeadifferencetothehealthcarefields,andIwantedtoseeifwecancombine3Dprintingwithdiseasedetectionmethodstocreateadevicelikethis.”Fortheirnewhealthmonitor,theresearchersused3Dprintingtomakethehealthmonitorsinaunique,one-stepmanufacturingprocess.Theresearchersusedasingle-atomcatalystandenzymaticreactionstoenhancethesignalandmeasurelowlevelsofthebiomarkers.Threebiosensorsonthemonitorchangecolortoindicatethespecificbiochemicallevels.Sweatcontainsmanyimportantchemicalsthatcanindicatehealthconditions,but,unlikebloodsampling,it’snon-invasive.Levelsofuricacidinsweatcanindicatetheriskofdevelopingkidneydiseaseorheartdisease.Glucoselevelsareusedtomonitordiabetes.Buttheamountofthesechemicalsinsweatistinyandcanbehardtomeasure,theresearchersnoted.Whileothersweatsensors(传感器)havebeendeveloped,theyarecomplexandneedspecializedequipmentandexpertisetomake.Whentheresearcherscomparedthenewmonitorsonvolunteers’armstolabresults,theyfoundthattheirmonitorwasaccuratelyandreliablymeasuringtheconcentrationofthechemicals.Theresearchersarenowworkingtofurtherimprovethedevicedesignandvalidation.Theyarealsohopingtocommercializethetechnology.24.WhatdoesChuchuChenstress?A.Theapplicationof3Dprintinginreallife.B.Thewaytomake3Dprintingdevelopquickly.C.Theintegrationof3Dprintingandmedicaltechnology.D.Thechangeinpeople’shealthcausedby3Dprinting.25.Whatcanweknowaboutsweatfromthetext?A.Thechemicalsinitcanreflecthealthconditions.B.Usingittomonitordifferentdiseasesisinvasive.C.Itcontainssomechemicalsthatcauseheartdisease.D.Theresearchersfinditdifficulttomeasureitsamount.26.Whatistheadvantageofthehealthmonitoroverothersweatsensors?A.It’seasiertooperate. B.It’smorespecialized.C.It’smorecommonlyused. D.It’smoreenvironmentallyfriendly.27.Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.3DprintingisusedtomonitordiseasesB.SweatcanhelptreatsomecommondiseasesC.Bloodsamplingisn’tasaccurateassweatmonitoringD.Asweathealthmonitormeasureslevelsofdiseasemarkers〖答案〗24.C25.A26.A27.D【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一款3D打印的可穿戴健康监测器，能准确检测汗液中的葡萄糖和尿酸水平，用于疾病诊断。【24题详析】细节理解题。根据文章第三段ChuchuChen所说的话“Ithink3Dprintingcanmakeadifferencetothehealthcarefields,andIwantedtoseeifwecancombine3Dprintingwithdiseasedetectionmethodstocreateadevicelikethis.(我认为3D打印可以对医疗领域产生影响，我想看看我们是否可以将3D打印与疾病检测方法结合起来，创造出这样的设备)”可知，ChuchuChen强调的是3D打印与医疗技术的结合。故选C。【25题详析】细节理解题。根据文章第五段“Sweatcontainsmanyimportantchemicalsthatcanindicatehealthconditions,but,unlikebloodsampling,it’snon-invasive.(汗液中含有许多重要的化学物质，可以指示健康状况，但与血液采样不同，它是无创的)”可知，汗液中的化学物质可以反映健康状况。故选A。【26题详析】细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“Buttheamountofthesechemicalsinsweatistinyandcanbehardtomeasure,theresearchersnoted.Whileothersweatsensors(传感器)havebeendeveloped,theyarecomplexandneedspecializedequipmentandexpertisetomake.(但研究人员指出，汗液中这些化学物质的含量很小，很难测量。虽然已经开发了其他汗液传感器，但它们复杂且需要专业设备和专业知识来制造)”可知，这种健康监测器比其他汗液传感器更容易操作。故选A。【27题详析】主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“AwearablehealthmonitordevelopedbyWashingtonStateUniversityresearcherscanreliablymeasurelevelsofimportantbiochemicalsinsweatduringphysicalexercise.(华盛顿州立大学的研究人员开发了一种可穿戴的健康监测器，可以在体育锻炼期间可靠地测量汗液中重要生化物质的水平)”以及全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了一种可以测量疾病标志物水平的汗液健康监测器。所以“汗液健康监测仪测量疾病标志物的水平”可用作本文的标题。故选D。CThestateofMaineisfamousforitsdeliciouswildblueberries.Theblueberriesgrowwellonbarrenmountaintops,inabandonedfields,alongruralroadsidesorwheremostotherplantsdon’t.Theyarealsodecidedlynativeastheyhavebeengrowinginthislandscapeformorethan10,000years.AtDavidDickey’ssmallfarm,farmersharvestblueberries,packingaburstofsweetnessintotinypurplepackage.They’realsoharvestingsunshine.Agrid(格子)ofsolarpanelsstandsafewfeetabovefourhectares(10acres)oftheland.Theelectricitythesegeneratepowersafewhundrednearbyhomes.Underandaroundthesepanelsareextendingfieldsofthelow,thickblueberrybushes.Solarpanelsgenerateelectricpowerwithoutsendingoutthecarbondioxideandothergreenhousegasesthatfossilfuelsreleaseasthey’reburned.Fixingsolarpanelsonfarmshelpssolveanothermajorproblem:findingthespacetocollectenoughsunlighttoproduceenoughsupplyofelectricity.Thisconceptiscalled“Agrivoltaics”.Thewordcombines“agriculture”with“photovoltaics(光伏)”.Photovoltaicmaterials—suchassolarpanels—generateelectriccurrentfromsunlight.Growingcropsrequireshardwork—oftengeneratingonlyalowincome.Agrivoltaicprojectscanbenefitfarmersbygivingthemasecondcrop:electricpower.Also,farmerscanpickupsomeextracashbyrentingtheirlandtopowercompaniesthatwillfixtheirownsolarpanelsonthesite.AttheUniversityofMaineinOrono,Dr.Calderwoodfocusesonfindingwaystogrowbetterberries.HerworkincludesstudyinghowthebushescanbeplantedtoproducedeliciousberriesdespitetheshadecastbythesolarpanelsatDickey’sfarm.“AlthoughtheideabehindAgrivoltaicshasbeenaroundfordecades,it’sreallyjustexplodedoverthelastfewyears.Aroundtheworld,farmersandsolarcompaniesareworkingtogethertocombinefarmingwiththeproductionofelectricity,”Calderwoodsays.28.Howisthesecondparagraphdeveloped?A.Bygivingdescriptions. B.Bymakingpredictions.C.Bymakingcomparisons. D.Byofferingsuggestions.29.Howdothesolarpanelsmakeadifferenceingeneratingelectricity?A.Theytakeuplessspace. B.Theyproducenopollution.C.Theyblockoutdirectsunlight. D.Theyavoidthewasteofelectricity.30.WhatisthemainadvantageofAgrivoltaicprojects?A.Increasedagriculturalproductivity. B.Reductioningreenhousegasemissions.C.Additionalsourceofincomeforfarmers. D.Promotionofsustainablefarmingpractices.31.WhatcanwelearnaboutAgrivoltaicprojects?A.Theyareacreativeidea. B.Theyareinagrowingtrend.C.Theyareonlyusefultofarmers. D.Theyareatraditionalfarming.〖答案〗28.A29.B30.C31.B【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章以美国缅因州的蓝莓种植业为例，介绍了“农业光伏”这一概念。【28题详析】推理判断题。根据第二段“AtDavidDickey’ssmallfarm,farmersharvestblueberries,packingaburstofsweetnessintotinypurplepackage.They’realsoharvestingsunshine.Agrid(格子)ofsolarpanelsstandsafewfeetabovefourhectares(10acres)oftheland.Theelectricitythesegeneratepowersafewhundrednearbyhomes.Underandaroundthesepanelsareextendingfieldsofthelow,thickblueberrybushes.(在大卫·迪基的小农场里，农民们收割蓝莓，用紫色的小包装包装出阵阵甜味。他们也在收获阳光。太阳能电池板网在4公顷（10英亩）土地上几英尺高的地方竖立着。这些发电站产生的电力可供附近几百户家庭使用。在这些嵌板的下面和周围，是一片又矮又厚的蓝莓灌木丛)”可知，第二段是通过进行具体的描述展开的。故选A项。【29题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段“Solarpanelsgenerateelectricpowerwithoutsendingoutthecarbondioxideandothergreenhousegasesthatfossilfuelsreleaseasthey’reburned.(太阳能电池板发电时不会像化石燃料燃烧时那样释放二氧化碳和其他温室气体)”可知，太阳能电池板发电不会产生污染。故选B项。【30题详析】推理判断题。根据第五段“Agrivoltaicprojectscanbenefitfarmersbygivingthemasecondcrop:electricpower.Also,farmerscanpickupsomeextracashbyrentingtheirlandtopowercompaniesthatwillfixtheirownsolarpanelsonthesite.(光伏发电项目可以给农民带来第二种作物：电力。此外，农民还可以通过把土地租给电力公司来获得一些额外的现金，电力公司将在现场安装他们自己的太阳能电池板)”可知，“农业光伏”项目使农民有了额外的收入来源。故选C项。【31题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“AlthoughtheideabehindAgrivoltaicshasbeenaroundfordecades,it’sreallyjustexplodedoverthelastfewyears.(“农业光伏”背后的理念已经存在了几十年，在过去几年才真正盛行)”可知，“农业光伏”正处于一个不断增长的趋势。故选B项。DHere’saquickquiz.PersonAdoesafavorforyou.PersonBasksyoutodoafavorforhim.Whodoyoutendtolikemore?Surprisingly,theanswerisPersonB.Thisquirk(怪癖)ofhumannatureisknownastheBenFranklinEffect.BenjaminFranklincameacrossthephenomenonin1736whenservingasaclerktothePennsylvaniaAssembly.Apowerfulmemberdidn’tcareforFranklinandthreatenedtomakelifemiserableforhim.Whattodo?Insteadofwinninghimoverwithsweettalk,Franklinaskedifhecouldborrowarareandvaluablebookthemanowned.Thisrequestalteredtheman’sattitudeandpavedthewayfortheirfriendship.Franklin’stakeaway:“Hethathasoncedoneyouakindnesswillbereadytodoyouanother,thenwhomyouyourselfhaveobliged.”Severalstudieshaveconfirmedthis.ButhowcanweexplaintheBenFranklinEffect?Somepsychologistsrefertocognitivedissonance(失调).It’sdifficulttoholdtwocontradictorythoughtsatthesametime.Itmakesusuncomfortable.Weresolvethistensionbychangingourmind.“Idon’tlikeJoe,butIamdoinghimafavor,”wemightthink.“SomaybeIdolikehim.”Whilecognitivedissonanceexplainsalot,italonedoesn’texplaintheBenFranklinEffect.One2015studyfoundthatitwas,rather,theaffiliative(亲和的)motivethattherequestsconvey.Thatis,wehumanswanttomaintaingoodrelationswithotherhumans,andonewaytoachievethisisbydoingfavorsforothers.Thisexplainsalotaboutaltruisticbehavior.Welikebeingusefuland,byextension,welikethosewhogiveustheopportunitytodoso.It’sinourgenes.Yetthereismuchwestilldon’tknowabouttheBenFranklinEffect.Doesitapplyequallyacrosscultures?Isthereapointbeyondwhichaskingafavormakesyouless,notmorelikable?Askingtoborrowabookisonething;askingtoborrowacarisanother.32.WhydoestheauthormentionBenjaminFranklin’sexperience?A.Toillustrateadilemmainmakingchoices. B.Tosuggestawayofstrikingupfriendships.C.Tostresstheimportanceofstrategicrequests. D.TointroducetheoriginoftheBenFranklinEffect.33.Whatisareasonforpeople’stendencytolikethoseaskingforfavors?A.Reducingthetensioncausedbysocialcontact.B.Increasingthechanceofgettinghelpinreturn.C.Avoidingthediscomfortfromconflictingthoughts.D.Establishingacooperativecommunityofsharedtrust.34.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“altruistic”probablymeaninparagraph4?A.Selfless. B.Impolite. C.Aggressive. D.Responsible.35.WhatdoestheauthorthinkoftheBenFranklinEffect?A.Itmakeslittlesense. B.Itappliestomostcultures.C.Ithassituationallimitations. D.Ithasgreatpracticalsignificance.〖答案〗32.D33.C34.A35.C【语篇解读】本文是说明文。文章介绍了本·富兰克林效应。【32题详析】推理判断题。根据第一段的“Surprisingly,theanswerisPersonB.Thisquirk(怪癖)ofhumannatureisknownastheBenFranklinEffect.(令人惊讶的是，〖答案〗是B型这种人性的怪癖被称为本·富兰克林效应。)”和第二段的“BenjaminFranklincameacrossthephenomenonin1736whenservingasaclerktothePennsylvaniaAssembly.Apowerfulmemberdidn’tcareforFranklinandthreatenedtomakelifemiserableforhim.Whattodo?Insteadofwinninghimoverwithsweettalk,Franklinaskedifhecouldborrowarareandvaluablebookthemanowned.Thisrequestalteredtheman’sattitudeandpavedthewayfortheirfriendship.Franklin’stakeaway:“Hethathasoncedoneyouakindnesswillbereadytodoyouanother,thanhewhomyouyourselfhaveobliged.”(本杰明·富兰克林(BenjaminFranklin)在1736年担任宾夕法尼亚州议会书记员时遇到了这种现象。一个有权有势的成员不喜欢富兰克林，并威胁要让他的生活很痛苦。该怎么办？富兰克林没有用甜言蜜语来说服他，而是问他是否可以借他拥有的一本珍贵的书。这个请求改变了男人的态度，为他们的友谊铺平了道路。富兰克林的结论是：“曾经善待过你的人，会比你所善待的人更愿意为你做另一件事。”)”可推断，作者提到本杰明·富兰克林的经历为了介绍“本杰明·富兰克林效应”的起源。故选D。【33题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段的“Somepsychologistsrefertocognitivedissonance(失调).It’sdifficulttoholdtwocontradictorythoughtsatthesametime.Itmakesusuncomfortable.(一些心理学家称之为认知失调。同时持有两种相互矛盾的思想是很难的。这让我们感到不舒服。)”可知，人们倾向于喜欢寻求帮助的人是因为认知失调，即避免持有矛盾的想法带来的不适。故选C。【34题详析】词句猜测题。根据划线词前文“One2015studyfoundthatitwas,rather,theaffiliative(亲和的)motivethattherequestsconvey.Thatis,wehumanswanttomaintaingoodrelationswithotherhumans,andonewaytoachievethisisbydoingfavorsforothers.(2015年的一项研究发现，更确切地说，这是请求所传达的亲和动机。也就是说，我们人类希望与他人保持良好的关系，而实现这一目标的一种方式就是帮助他人。)”以及下文“Welikebeingusefuland,byextension,welikethosewhogiveustheopportunitytodoso.It’sinourgenes.(我们喜欢成为有用的人，推而广之，我们喜欢那些给我们这样做机会的人。这是我们的基因。)”可推断，划线词所在句说明人类希望通过帮助他人来保持良好的关系，这解释了无私的行为，因此推断画线词与selfless“无私的”意思相近。故选A。【35题详析】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Yetthereismuchwestilldon’tknowabouttheBenFranklinEffect.Doesitapplyequallyacrosscultures?Isthereapointbeyondwhichaskingafavormakesyouless,notmorelikable?Askingtoborrowabookisonething;askingtoborrowacarisanother.(然而，我们对本·富兰克林效应还有很多不了解的地方。它在不同文化中都适用吗？有没有一个点，超过了这个点，请求别人帮忙会让你更不讨人喜欢，而不是更讨人喜欢？借书是一回事；向别人借车是另一回事。)”可知，作者认为本·富兰克林效应有情境限制。故选C。第二节（共5小题：每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Theysayscubadivingopensupaworldofpossibilities,fromlearningnewskillstoexploringplacesbeyondyourimagination.Afewyearsago,IwasluckyenoughtoexperiencealltheseonareefdiveattheGiliIslandsinIndonesia.Aftermyfirstdive,Irealizedthatithasfarmoreincommonwithyogathanitdoeswithextremesports.Onland,switchingoffyourbraincanbeastruggle.Breathingissomethingthatjusthappenswithoutthinking.Whenyou’rediving,it’satotallydifferentballgame.___36___You’resuddenlyawareofhowyourmovementsconnectwitheachintakeofbreath.It’shardtofeeldistracted(分神的)whendiving.Natureisputtingonsuchashow-stoppingperformancethatyourattentionisfullyabsorbed.You’rerightthereonthestage,inthemoment.___37___SomethingIhadn’treallyconsideredbeforemyfirstscubadivewasjusthowhuman-centricourlivesareonland.Everythingseemstogoaroundthehumanexperience.Butwhenyoudive,it’sadifferentstoryentirely.___38___Aguestinsomeoneelse’shome.___39___Almosteverythinginfrontofyouisaliveandpartofadelicateecosystemoflife.Here,clownfishweaveamongtheanemones(海葵)andparrotfishfeedontheirfavoritecoral(珊瑚).___40___Nothingisourstotakeortouch.Suddenly,yourownworldfeelsrathertinyandyourealizeyou’rejustpartoftheworld.A.Allofasudden,you’retheoutsider.B.Everythingherehasitsplaceandpurpose.C.Thisiswhatlivinginthepresentfeelslike.D.Rarelydoyoutakethetimetostopandjust“be”.E.Exploringtheunderseaworldisahumblingexperience.F.Yourbreathingbecomesslow,purposefulandrhythmic.G.Yourheartraces,yourbreathquickensandlogicalthinkinggoesout.〖答案〗36.F37.C38.A39.E40.B【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在印度尼西亚吉利群岛潜水时的一些感悟，包括潜水与瑜伽的相似之处、潜水时专注的感受、潜水让人意识到自己只是世界的一部分等。【36题详析】上文“Onland,switchingoffyourbraincanbeastruggle.Breathingissomethingthatjusthappenswithoutthinking.Whenyou’rediving,it’satotallydifferentballgame.(在陆地上，让大脑停止运转可能是一件难事。呼吸却是自然而然发生的事情，无需思考。但当你潜水时，情况就完全不同了)”指出潜水时呼吸与陆地上不同，F选项“Yourbreathingbecomesslow,purposefulandrhythmic.(你的呼吸变得缓慢、有目的性和节奏感)”承接上文，说明潜水时呼吸的变化，上文形成对比，符合语境。故选F项。【37题详析】上文“It’shardtofeeldistracted(分神的)whendiving.Natureisputtingonsuchashow-stoppingperformancethatyo