江西省景德镇市2023-2024学年高二下学期4月期中英语试题 含解析

景德镇市2023-2024学年度下学期期中质量检测卷高二英语注意事项：1．答题前，考生在答题卡上务必将自己的姓名、班级填写清楚。2．每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号，在试题卷上作答无效。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1．Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A．Inaclassroom.B．Inagallery.C．Inalibrary.2．Whatisthewoman’ssuggestion?A．Takingadeepbreath.B．Writingwordsoncards.C．Memorizingthespeech.3．Howlonghasthewomanbeencoughing?A．Forthreemonths.B．Fortwomonths.C．Foramonth.4．WhatcanwelearnaboutTom?A．He’ssmartforhisage.B．He’sunwillingtostudy.C．He’sdifficulttogetalongwith.5．Whichisusuallytheman’sbestsubject?A．English.B．Physics.C．Maths.第二节（共15小题，每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6．WhydoesSaramakethephonecall?A．Toaskforadvice.B．Toarrangeanouting.C．Tocancelanappointment.7．WhatdoesDavidwanttodo?A．Gotoadinnerparty.B．TalktoSarainperson.C．Workonthenewcase.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8．Whereisthewomannow?A．Athome.B．Atastore.C．Inataxi.9．Whatdoesthemansuggestthewomanbringbesidesacanvasbag?A．Anumbrella.B．Aplasticbag.C．Ahat.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10．What.gradeinschoolisSamin?A．Freshman.B．Sophomore.C．Graduate.11．Whatistheman’smajor?A．French.B．BusinessAdministration.C．Arts.9．WhatcanwelearnaboutSam?A．Heplanstobeanexchangestudent.B．Hedoesn’tlikehismajor.C．HewillmovetoFrance.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13．WhatmadeTonybecomeinterestedinsculpture?A．Acourseinart.B．Aphotoofasculpture.C．Apaintingbyhisfather.14．WhatdidTonyfinddifficultabouttheartcourse?A．Usingthespecialtools.B．Learningthehistoryofsculpture.C．Choosingtherightmaterials.15．HowdidTonyfeelabouthisfirstexhibition?A．Embarrassed.B．Concerned.C．Satisfied.16．WhatisTonyworkingonatthemoment?A．Asculptureofaperson.B．Asculptureofabuilding.C．Asculptureofananimal.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17．Whichcanbestdescribeatensionheadache?A．Itcausesseverepain.B．Itoccursrepeatedly.C．Itlastsoveramonth.18．Whichisasignoftensionheadaches?A．Apainatthebackofthehead.B．IncreasedbloodpressureC．Lossofpatience.19．Whatisthecauseofreboundheadaches?A．Stressfulevents.B．Tensioninthemuscles.C．Toomuchuseofpainmedicine.20．Whyisaheadachediaryhelpfulforthetreatment?A．Ithelpsonefindthecauseofhisheadaches.B．Itremindsonetotakemedicineontime.C．Ithelpsremoveconstantpain.第二部分：阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节：（共15小题，每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AArtgalleriesyoucanvisitforfreewithyourParisPassCentrePompidouNormally€7.00Wednesday-Monday:11AM-10PMCentrePompidouisamust-seeattractionwhenyou’revisitingParis.Featuringlate19th-20thcenturyart,themuseumhascollectionofover50,000works,includingmovementsfromFauvism,Cubism,SurrealismandAbstractExpressionism.MuséeGustaveMoreauNormally€13.00Wednesday-Monday:10AM-6PMMuséeGustaveMoreauwasdesignedbythepainterhimselfandincludeshisprivateapartmentandthelargegalleryhebuilttodisplayhiswork.Theapartmentispreservedexactlyasitwas100yearsago.Muséedel’OrangerieNormally€9.00Wednesday-Monday:9AM-6PMThemuseumisbestknownforitsassociationwiththefamousImpressionistpainterClaudeMonetandhisWaterLiliesseriesofpaintings.Beforeitwasanartgalleryhousingsomeofthemostfamouspiecesinhistory,Muséedel’Orangeriewasusedasastorehouseandahomeformobilizedsoldiers.Muséed’OrsayNormally€14.00Tuesday-Sunday:9:30AM-6PMMuséed’Orsaywasanoldturn-of-the-centuryrailwaystationthatwasbuiltonthesiteofthePalaisd’Orsay.ExemplifyingthearchitectureoftheBeaux-Artsmovement,Muséed’OrsayisoneofParis’mostpopularartgalleriesandhousesartandsculpturefrom1848to1915.1.HowmuchistheadmissiontoCentrePompidouwithoutaParisPass?A.€7.00. B.€9.00. C.€13.00. D.€14.00.2.WherecanvisitorsenjoyaseriesofMonet’sWaterLilies?A.CentrePompidou. B.MuséeGustaveMoreau.C.Muséedel’Orangerie. D.Muséed’Orsay.3.WhatwastheoriginaluseofMuséed’Orsay?A.Anartgallery. B.Astorehouse.C.Arailwaystation. D.Apersonalapartment.【答案】1.A2.C3.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了可以使用巴黎通行证免费参观的美术馆的相关信息。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据CentrePompidou部分“Normally€7.00(通常为7欧元)”可知，没有巴黎通行证的话，去CentrePompidou需要花7欧元。故选A。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据Muséedel’Orangerie部分“ThemuseumisbestknownforitsassociationwiththefamousImpressionistpainterClaudeMonetandhisWaterLiliesseriesofpaintings.(该博物馆以其与著名印象派画家克劳德·莫奈及其《睡莲》系列画作的联系而闻名)”可知，游客在Muséedel’Orangerie可以欣赏到莫奈的《睡莲》系列。故选C。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据Muséed’Orsay部分“Muséed’Orsaywasanoldturn-of-the-centuryrailwaystationthatwasbuiltonthesiteofthePalaisd’Orsay.(奥赛博物馆是一座世纪之交的古老火车站，建在奥赛宫的旧址上)”可知，奥赛博物馆最初是一座火车站。故选C。BWhen12-year-oldEricaFernandezvolunteeredtohelpcleanupthebeachinhernewhometown,Oxnard,California,shecouldbarelyspeakEnglish.Shewasjustakidhelping20adultstakecareofthebeach.SheandherfamilyhadrecentlyarrivedinCaliforniafromasmalltowninMexico.EricastartedgoingdoortodoorinhermainlySpanish-speakingfarmworkercommunity.“Ialwayslovedtheocean,”shesays,“soitmademereallysadtoseethisbeautifulbeachfulloftrash.That’swhyIdecidedtohelp.”Ericacaredtoomuchtostaysilent.HavinggrownupinatinytownintheMexicanstateofMichoacán,shehadastrongmotivationtocarefornature.“Wegrewourownfoodandraisedourownanimals.Takingcareofnaturewaspartofsurvival.”ShewantedtobringthatsamespirittohernewlifeinCalifornia.AsherEnglishimproved,shetalkedtokidsinherhighschoolaboutwhatwasgoingon.“Ididn’tknowiftheywouldlistentome.MyEnglishwasn’tgoodandIwasonlysixteen,”shesays.Asshenervouslyapproachedthemicrophone,shewasinformedthattimewasrunningout.Oneminuteandthirtysecondswasallshehad.“Icouldn’tgivemypreparedspeech,soIjustspokefrommyheart.”Theresultwaselectrifying.WhenEricawasfinished,peoplestoodupandbrokeintoapplause.Oneoftheteacherssaid,“I’mverymovedbyyourwords,Erica.WhenIwasyourage,Iwasplayingvideogames.”Onlythesecondpersoninherfamilytogotocollege,Ericawantstobecomeanenvironmentallawyersoshecanfightfortheenvironmentandfortherightsofcommunities.Shewantsotheryoungpeopletospeakoutwhentheyseesomethingwrong,eveniftheyfeelshyaboutitatfirst.“Wearethefuture.Thefutureisours.”4.WhydidtheauthormentionErica’swordsinParagraph2?A.Toshowgratitudetoheraction. B.Toadvocatelearningfromher.C.Toclarifythereasonforherhelp. D.Tothinkhighlyofherdevotion.5.Accordingtothepassage,whatcanwelearnaboutErica?A.Shewastheonlycollegestudentinherfamily.B.ShevolunteeredtocleanupthegarbageonSpanishbeaches.C.ShespentherchildhoodinasmalltowninMexico.D.Shecouldn’tspeakeitherEnglishorSpanishinCalifornia.6.WhatdoweknowaboutErica’sspeech?A.Thedevicedisturbedherperformance.B.Theaudiencewasgreatlyencouraged.C.Itaffectedpeople’sattitudetoplayinggames.D.Ericaexpressedherinnerthoughtsfluently.7.Fromwhichisthistextmostprobablytaken?A.Ageographytextbook. B.Ahealthreport.C.Ascientificwebsite. D.Anenvironmentalmagazine.【答案】4.C5.C6.B7.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述的是主人公EricaFernandez志愿清理海滩垃圾的故事。【4题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中的““Ialwayslovedtheocean,”shesays,“soitmademereallysadtoseethisbeautifulbeachfulloftrash.That’swhyIdecidedtohelp.”(“我一直很喜欢海洋，”她说，“所以看到这个美丽的海滩上到处都是垃圾，我真的很难过。这就是我决定帮忙的原因。”)”可知，Erica看到美丽的海滩到处都是垃圾，她感到很难过，所以决定帮忙清理海滩，由此可知，她的话告知了自己行为的原因。故选C项。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中的“HavinggrownupinatinytownintheMexicanstateofMichoacán,shehadastrongmotivationtocarefornature.(她在墨西哥Michoacán州的一个小镇长大，有强烈的动机去关心自然。)”可知，她在墨西哥的一个小镇长大。故选C项。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Theresultwaselectrifying.(结果令人振奋。)”以及“WhenEricawasfinished,peoplestoodupandbrokeintoapplause.(当Erica讲完时，人们站起来，爆发出热烈的掌声。)”可知，演讲令人振奋，且演讲结束后，人们站起来鼓掌，由此可知，此次演讲很成功，人们受到鼓舞并起立鼓掌。故选B项。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据首段中的“When12-year-oldEricaFernandezvolunteeredtohelpcleanupthebeachinhernewhometown,Oxnard,California,shecouldbarelyspeakEnglish.(当12岁的EricaFernandez在她的新家乡加州奥克斯纳德志愿帮助清理海滩时，她几乎不会说英语。)”以及下文中的介绍的她为了清理海滩所作出的努力可知，本文主要讲述的是主人公志愿清理海滩垃圾的故事，属于环境保护类话题，由此可知推断，本文有可能会出自环境杂志。故选D项。CTraditionalChineseoperahasbeenrevitalizedinrecentyears,frequentlybreakingoutwithspectacularperformancesandshowingstrongartisticprowess.AnimmersiveShaoxingOpera,“NewDragonGateInn”,performedbyXiaoBaiHua,oneofthemostremarkableShaoxingOperatroupesfromZhejiangProvince,hasemergedasaphenomenalhit.The“NewDragonGateInn”ShaoxingOperadrawsinspirationfromtheclassicmartialartsfilmofthesamename.ThestoryissetagainstthebackdropoftheMingDynasty(1368-1644)andtellsthetaleofmartialartsheroesencounteringskilledagentsofthetraitorsattheDragonGateInnlocatedinavastdesert.ShaoxingOpera,thesecondmostpopularofalltraditionalChineseoperas,originatedfromsouthoftheYangtzeRiver.Ithasauniqueformofstorytellingthatcombinesclassicalsinging,dancingandactingintoone.Likemanyclassicalartforms,itfaceddecreasinginterestfromyoungeraudiencesuntilthegroundbreaking“NewDragonGateInn”brokethespell.Theplotbreaksawayfromthetraditionalfocusonthelovestoriesandexploresthethemeofthemartialworld.What’smore,theyoungteamincorporatesshortvideosintotheproduction,successfullygeneratingwidespreadattention.Thesuccessof“NewDragonGateInn”comesnotonlyfromthecharmoftheworkitself,butalsofromtheculturalheritageandartisticconfidenceoftheShaoxingOperagenre.“Today,weareputtingingreateffortstomakeShaoxingOperamoreaccessibleandrelatabletotheyoungergeneration.Thisisapositivestepintherevivalofthisancientart,”saidXuYena,whoactsintheshowasthelandladyoftheinn.8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“hit”inparagraph1probablymean?A.knock B.success C.click D.reach9.WhatdoweknowaboutShaoxingOpera?A.ItisthemostpopularofalltraditionalChineseoperas.B.ItoriginatedformthesouthernpartofChina.C.It’sdoomedtodiebecauseofdecreasinginterestfromyoungeraudiences.D.Itfocusonthelovestories.10.Whatmakes“NewDragonGateInn”morepopular?A.ItinnovateshowsecretpassagesaresetinaShaoxingOpera.B.Theplotdoesnotcontainthetraditionallovestories.C.Theplotisgroundbreakingintermofitsmartialartsperformance.D.Theyoungteamincorporatesshortvideosintotheproduction.11.Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A.ShaoxingOpera“NewDragonGateInn”WowsAudienceB.TheInfluenceofMartialWorldonChineseOperaC.ANewEraofModernCinema:“NewDragonGateInn”FilmD.TheEvolutionofTraditionalChinesePerformances【答案】8B9.B10.D11.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了越剧《新龙门客栈》。【8题详解】词句猜测题。划线词句前文“TraditionalChineseoperahasbeenrevitalizedinrecentyears,frequentlybreakingoutwithspectacularperformancesandshowingstrongartisticprowess.(近年来，中国传统戏曲焕发了新的活力，经常以壮观的表演爆发，展现出强大的艺术实力。)”说明近年来中国传统戏曲发展蓬勃，表演很壮观，从而推知划线词句“AnimmersiveShaoxingOpera,‘NewDragonGateInn’,performedbyXiaoBaiHua,oneofthemostremarkableShaoxingOperatroupesfromZhejiangProvince,hasemergedasaphenomenalhit.(由浙江最著名的越剧团之一小白花演出的沉浸式越剧《新龙门客栈》hit。)”其中划线词应为“一炮而红”的意思，与B项同义。故选B项。【9题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中“ShaoxingOpera,thesecondmostpopularofalltraditionalChineseoperas,originatedfromsouthoftheYangtzeRiver.(越剧是中国第二大流行的传统戏剧，起源于长江以南。)”可知，越剧起源于中国的南部。故选B项。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“What’smore,theyoungteamincorporatesshortvideosintotheproduction,successfullygeneratingwidespreadattention.(更重要的是，这个年轻的团队将短视频融入到制作中，成功地引起了广泛的关注。)”可知，年轻的团队将短视频融入到制作中，这使《新龙门客栈》更受欢迎。故选D项。11题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第一段“TraditionalChineseoperahasbeenrevitalizedinrecentyears,frequentlybreakingoutwithspectacularperformancesandshowingstrongartisticprowess.AnimmersiveShaoxingOpera,“NewDragonGateInn”,performedbyXiaoBaiHua,oneofthemostremarkableShaoxingOperatroupesfromZhejiangProvince,hasemergedasaphenomenalhit.(近年来，中国传统戏曲焕发了新的活力，经常以壮观的表演爆发，展现出强大的艺术实力。由浙江最著名的越剧团之一小白花演出的沉浸式越剧《新龙门客栈》一炮而红。)”可知，本篇文章主要介绍了受欢迎的越剧《新龙门客栈》，A项“越剧《新龙门客栈》惊艳全场”为最佳标题。故选A项。DWe’veallheardtheage-oldadvicetodrinkeightcupsofwateraday.Butifyoufallshort,don’tworry:Thatadviceisprobablywronganyway.That’saccordingtonewresearch.whichfoundthatformosthealthyadults,thereisnorealbenefittodrinkingeightcupsofwateraday.Theadvicetodrinkeightcupsofwateradaycomesfroma1945recommendationfromtheFoodandNutritionBoardoftheNationalResearchCouncil,whichencouragedadultstoconsumeabout64ouncesofwaterdaily.Therecommendationreferredtoaperson’stotaldailyintakeofwater,includingfromalltheirfoodsanddrinks,butitwaswidelymisinterpretedtomeanthatpeopleshoulddrink8-ounceglassesofwatereveryday.Toseehowmuchwaterpeoplereallyneed,HermanPontzer,aprofessoratDukeUniversityandhisco-authorsanalyzeddataon5,600people.Theparticipantsweretrackedwithagold-standardtechniquecalled“doublylabeledwater”,whichuseswaterlacedwithtracersthatcanbeusedtotrackthebody’sproductionofcarbondioxide,allowingtheresearcherstogetprecisemeasurementsoftheparticipants’dailyenergyconsumption.Theresearchersdeterminedhowmuchwatertheparticipantslostandreplacedeachday.ameasurementknownaswaterturnover(水周转率).Theyfoundthataperson’sdailywaterturnoverwaslargelydeterminedbytheirsizeandtheirlevelofbodyfat,whichcontainslesswaterthanmuscleandotherorgans.Themore“fat-free”massapersonhas,themorewatertheyneed.Theresearchshowedthathowmuchwateryouneedchangesoveryourlifetime.Ingeneral,ourwaterneedspeakbetweentheagesof20and50andthendeclineinparallelwiththeslowingdownofourmetabolisms(新陈代谢).Sohowmuchwatershouldyoudrink?Theanswerissimple:Drinkwhenyou’rethirsty.Prioritizewater,andtrytoavoidsugarydrinks,whichcancausemetabolicproblems.“Ifyou’repayingattentiontoyourbodyanddrinkingwhenyoufeellikeyouneedto,thenyoushouldbefine,”Pontzersaid.12.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardtheadvicetodrinkeightcupsofwateraday?A.Critical. B.Supportive. C.Tolerant. D.Uncertain.13.WhatcanbeknownabouttheresearchconductedbyPontzer?A.Itwasconductedin1945.B.Ittrackedparticipants’dailywaterturnover.C.Itstudiedparticipants’feelingsaboutdrinkingwater.D.Itfoundthatbodyfatcontainslesswaterthanmuscleandotherorgans.14.Whichofthefollowingiscorrectaccordingtothepassage?A.Whenpeoplegetolder,theyshoulddrinkmorewater.B.Drinking64ouncesofwaterperdayisbeneficialtopeople.C.Whenpeoplehavemoremuscles,theyneedrelativelymorewater.D.Drinkingwaterwithsugarcanhelpimprovemetabolism.15.Whichisthebestwaytodeterminehowmuchwatertodrink?A.Byfollowingtheadviceofexperts.B.Bydrinkingasmuchwateraspossible.C.Bypayingattentiontoone’sbodyanddrinkingwhenthirsty.D.Bymeasuringone’swaterturnover.【答案】12.A13.B14.C15.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讨论了关于每天需要饮用八杯水这一常见建议的正确性，并基于新的研究提出了不同的观点。【12题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“We’veallheardtheage-oldadvicetodrinkeightcupsofwateraday.Butifyoufallshort,don’tworry:Thatadviceisprobablywronganyway.That’saccordingtonewresearch.whichfoundthatformosthealthyadults,thereisnorealbenefittodrinkingeightcupsofwateraday.(我们都听过一个古老的建议：每天喝八杯水。但如果你做不到，不要担心：这个建议可能是错误的。这是根据新的研究得出的结论。该研究发现，对于大多数健康的成年人来说，每天喝八杯水并没有真正的好处。)”可知，作者首先提到“那个建议可能本来就是错误的”，然后基于新的研究成果解释了为什么这样说。这表明作者对“每天喝八杯水”的常见建议持批判态度。故选A。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Toseehowmuchwaterpeoplereallyneed,HermanPontzer,aprofessoratDukeUniversityandhisco-authorsanalyzeddataon5,600people.Theparticipantsweretrackedwithagold-standardtechniquecalled“doublylabeledwater”,whichuseswaterlacedwithtracersthatcanbeusedtotrackthebody’sproductionofcarbondioxide,allowingtheresearcherstogetprecisemeasurementsoftheparticipants’dailyenergyconsumption.(为了了解人们到底需要多少水，杜克大学教授HermanPontzer和他合著者分析了5600人的数据。研究人员使用一种被称为“双标签水”的黄金标准技术对参与者进行跟踪，这种技术使用掺入了示踪剂的水，可以用来跟踪身体产生的二氧化碳，从而使研究人员能够精确测量参与者的日常能量消耗。)”可知，Pontzer的研究追踪了参与者的每日水周转率，即参与者每天失去和补充多少水。故选B。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Theresearchersdeterminedhowmuchwatertheparticipantslostandreplacedeachday.ameasurementknownaswaterturnover（水周转率）.Theyfoundthataperson’sdailywaterturnoverwaslargelydeterminedbytheirsizeandtheirlevelofbodyfat,whichcontainslesswaterthanmuscleandotherorgans.Themore“fat-free”massapersonhas,themorewatertheyneed.(研究人员确定了参与者每天损失和补充的水量。一种被称为水周转率的测量方法。他们发现，一个人每天的水分周转量在很大程度上取决于他们的体型和体脂水平，而体脂所含的水分比肌肉和其他器官要少。一个人的“无脂肪”质量越高，他们需要的水就越多。)”可知，一个人的日常水周转率）主要由其大小和体脂水平决定，而肌肉和其他器官含有更多的水。因此，当一个人有更多的“无脂肪”质量（即肌肉）时，他们需要更多的水。故选C。【15题详解】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Sohowmuchwatershouldyoudrink?Theanswerissimple:Drinkwhenyou’rethirsty.(那么你应该喝多少水呢？答案很简单：口渴的时候喝水。)”以及““Ifyou’repayingattentiontoyourbodyanddrinkingwhenyoufeellikeyouneedto,thenyoushouldbefine,”Pontzersaid.(“如果你关注自己的身体，在你觉得需要的时候喝酒，那么你应该没事，”Pontzer说。)”可知，确定应该喝多少水的最佳方法是通过关注自己的身体并在口渴时喝水。故选C。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Nearlyeverythingwedocontributestoourcarbonfootprint.___16___Salesofelectricbikes,ore-bikes,areontherise.In2021,880,000e-bikesweresoldintheU.S.,comparedwith608,000electriccarsandtrucks.That’supfrom450,000c-bikesalesin2020.E-bikeshavethesamecomponentsastraditionalbicycles:frames,seats,handlebars,andwheels.___17___Thespeedofanon-electricbikereliesontherider’sphysicalstrengthandendurance.Casualcyclistscanpedalat10to14milesperhour,dependingontheterrainandweightofthebikeandrider.___18___Somemodelshaveapedal(脚踏板)assistsystemwithamotortoamplifypedalingpower,whileothershaveathrottleanddon’trequirepedaling.Themaxspeedane-bikecanreachis28milesperhour,whichiscomparabletomopedspeeds,thusrequiringmoresafetyprecautionsthantraditionalbikes.Thepedalassistone-bikescanencourageriderstobikefartherandmoreoftenthantheywouldonatraditionalbike,leadingtomoreexerciselong-term.Thisalsomakese-bikesamultifunctionaloptionforolderridersandindividualswithdisabilitiesthatwouldotherwisepreventthemfrombiking.___19______20___Whenitreplacestripsmadebyacar,anindividuale-bikecanreduceCO2emissionsby225kilogramseachyear.That’sequivalenttotheemissionsproducedbyonepassengerflyingeconomyfromPhiladelphiatoChicago.A.E-bikesalsoneedpublicstorageandchargingstations.B.Theydifferintheirpowerandspeed.C.Somewomenchosee-bikesbecausetheymakethemfeelsafer,researchsays.D.Energyrecoveryisonecommonmethod.E.E-bikesarefueledbybatteries,makingthemheavier.F.Butatwo-wheeledsolutioniszippingthroughtheworldat20milesanhour.G.E-bikesareapowerfultoolontheroadtosustainability.【答案】16.F17.B18.E19.C20.G【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要解释了电动车的特点、功能、对环保的贡献以及它们与传统自行车的区别。【16题详解】根据空前内容“Nearlyeverythingwedocontributestoourcarbonfootprint.(我们所做的几乎每一件事都会增加我们的碳足迹)”可知，空前提到几乎每件事都会增加我们的碳足迹。选项F“Butatwo-wheeledsolutioniszippingthroughtheworldat20milesanhour.(但一种两轮的解决方案正以每小时20英里的速度在世界各地飞驰)”是上文内容的延续，同时引出下文“Salesofelectricbikes,ore-bikes,areontherise.(电动自行车的销量正在上升)”指出电动车正是减少碳足迹的解决方法。故选F。【17题详解】根据空前的“E-bikeshavethesamecomponentsastraditionalbicycles:frames,seats,handlebars,andwheels.(电动自行车的部件与传统自行车相同：车架、座椅、车把和车轮)”可知，上文提到电动自行车和传统自行车相同的地方。选项B“Theydifferintheirpowerandspeed(它们的力量和速度不同)”则指出两种的不同之处。内容上与下文的“Thespeedofanon-electricbikereliesontherider’sphysicalstrengthandendurance.(非电动自行车的速度取决于骑自行车的人的体力和耐力)”保持一致。故选B。【18题详解】根据下文内容“Somemodelshaveapedal(脚踏板)assistsystemwithamotortoamplifypedalingpower,whileothershaveathrottleanddon’trequirepedaling.Themaxspeedane-bikecanreachis28milesperhour,whichiscomparabletomopedspeeds,thusrequiringmoresafetyprecautionsthantraditionalbikes.(一些型号有踏板辅助系统与电机放大踏板功率，而其他有油门，不需要踩踏板。电动自行车的最高速度可以达到每小时28英里，与助动车的速度相当，因此需要比传统自行车更多的安全预防措施)”可知，下文提到了电动车一些型号有踏板辅助系统与电机放大踏板功率，有些有油门。选项E“E-bikesarefueledbybatteries,makingthemheavier.(电动自行车由电池提供燃料，使其更重)”与下文一致，指出电动车的动力来源于电池。故选E。【19题详解】根据上文内容“Thisalsomakese-bikesamultifunctionaloptionforolderridersandindividualswithdisabilitiesthatwouldotherwisepreventthemfrombiking.(这也使得电动自行车成为老年人和残疾人的多功能选择，否则他们就无法骑自行车)”可知，上文提到老年人和残疾人会选择电动车是因为其多功能性。而选项C“Somewomenchosee-bikesbecausetheymakethemfeelsafer,researchsays.(研究表明，一些女性选择电动自行车是因为她们觉得更安全)”延续上文内容，指出女性选择电动车是因为其安全性。故选C。【20题详解】根据下文内容“Whenitreplacestripsmadebyacar,anindividuale-bikecanreduceCO2emissionsby225kilogramseachyear.That’sequivalenttotheemissionsproducedbyonepassengerflyingeconomyfromPhiladelphiatoChicago.(当它取代汽车时，一辆电动自行车每年可以减少225公斤的二氧化碳排放量。这相当于一名乘客从费城飞往芝加哥的经济舱所产生的排放量)”可知，本段讲述的是电动车可以减少碳排量。选项G“E-bikesareapowerfultoolontheroadtosustainability.(电动自行车是可持续发展道路上的有力工具)”是本段内容的总结，引出下文。故选G。第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。Bytheageof27,Vincenthadmadethemostimportantdecisionofhislife,tobecomeanartist.Hespenttheyearsbetween1880and1885developinghis___21___.Hehadlittlemoneyandlivedin___22___roomsallovertheNetherlands,includingtheflatagriculturallandscapeoftheDrenthe.Therehe___23___countrypeople.Hewasoftenillandmiserable,butdeterminedto___24___thisnewcareer.Afterthefailureofhisstudiesforthepriesthood,Vincentdidn’twantto___25___artformallyatanacademy.Butheknewnothingofanatomy(解剖学),thestudyofthehumanfigure,orofperspective,bywhichartistsshowasenseof___26___inworkdoneonflatpaperorcanvas.Theo,hisbrother,knewarichyoung___27___,AnthonvanRappard,whotaughtVincentperspective,and___28___himprintstocopy.Vincentmadehundredsofdrawingsofpeople,___29___charcoal,crayon,ink,andwatercolor.Theoprovided____30____foroilpaint,andhebegantopaintinoils.Vincentoftentraveledtothe____31____orthecoasttodrawworkingpeople.Hewasbeginningtobelieveinhimselfasan____32____.“Diggers,sowers,planters,maleandfemale,theyarewhatIdraw____33____.Ihaveto____34____anddraweverythingthatbelongstocountrylife.”ThecompassionthatVincent____35____forpoorpeopleasapreacherwasnowchanneledintohisart.21.A.skills B.relationship C.personality D.business22.A.cheap B.empty C.messy D.dark23.A.treated B.drew C.followed D.remembered24.A.giveup B.compromiseon C.turndown D.succeedin25.A.study B.choose C.offer D.teach26.A.strength B.length C.depth D.width27.A.agent B.painter C.doctor D.farmer28.A.sold B.lent C.helped D.supported29.A.copying B.taking C.purchasing D.using30.A.canvas B.money C.house D.materials31.A.museum B.country C.gallery D.ocean32.A.musician B.guide C.lawyer D.artist33.A.continually B.carefully C.quickly D.accurately34.A.image B.memorize C.observe D.forget35.A.felt B.recognized C.moved D.praised【答案】21.A22.A23.B24.D25.A26.C27.B28.B29.D30.B31.B32.D33.A34.C35.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Vincent成为一名画家的艰辛历程。【21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：从1880年到1885年，他花了几年时间来提高自己的技能。A.skills技能；B.relationship关系；C.personality个性，性格；D.business商业。根据语境和前文“Vincenthadmadethemostimportantdecisionofhislife,tobecomeanartist”可知，Vincent决定成为一名艺术家，由此推知，他需要提高自己的技能。故选A项。【22题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他几乎没有钱，住在荷兰各地的廉价房间里，包括德伦特平原的农业景观。A.cheap便宜的，廉价的；B.empty空的；C.messy凌乱的；D.dark黑暗的。根据语境和前文“Hehadlittlemoney”可知，他几乎没有钱，所以住在廉价房间里。故选A项。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他在那里画了乡下人。A.treated对待；B.drew画；C.followed跟随；D.remembered记住。根据语境和后文“Vincentmadehundredsofdrawingsofpeople”可知，Vincent画了数百幅人物画，由此推知，此处是指他在那里画了乡下人。故选B项。【24题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：他经常生病，痛苦不堪，但决心在新的事业上取得成功。A.giveup放弃；B.compromiseon就……达成妥协；C.turndown拒绝；D.succeedin在某方面取得成功。根据语境和前文“Hewasoftenillandmiserable,butdeterminedto”以及后文“thisnewcareer”可知，与前文构成转折关系，他经常生病，痛苦不堪，但决心在新的事业上取得成功。故选D项。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在他的牧师学习失败后，Vincent不想在学院正式学习艺术。A.study学习；B.choose选择；C.offer提供；D.teach教。根据语境和后文“artformallyatanacademy”可知，Vincent不想在学院正式学习艺术。故选A项。【26题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：但他对解剖学一无所知，对人体的研究，或者透视，艺术家们在平面纸或画布上完成的作品中表现出深度感。A.strength力量，优势；B.length长度；C.depth深度；D.width宽度。根据语境和后文“inworkdoneonflatpaperorcanvas”可知，此处是指艺术家们在平面纸或画布上完成的作品中表现出深度感。故选C项。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的弟弟Theo认识一位富有的年轻画家AnthonvanRappard，他教Vincent透视，并借给他版画来复制。A.agent代理人；B.painter画家；C.doctor医生；D.farmer农民。根据语境和后文“whotaughtVincentperspective,and___8___himprintstocopy”可知，他教Vincent透视，并借给他版画来复制，由此推知，此处是指一位年轻画家。故选B项。【28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他的弟弟Theo认识一位富有的年轻画家AnthonvanRappard，他教Vincent透视，并借给他版画来复制。A.sold卖；B.lent借；C.helped帮助；D.supported支持。根据语境和前文“Theo,hisbrother,knewarichyoung___7___,AnthonvanRappard,whotaughtVincentperspective,and”以及后文“himprintstocopy”可知，此处是指这位年轻画家借给他版画来复制。故选B项。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Vincent用木炭、蜡笔、墨水和水彩画了数百幅人物画。A.copying复制；B.taking拿；C.purchasing购买；D.using使用。根据常识和前文“Vincentmadehundredsofdrawingsofpeople”以及后文“charcoal,crayon,ink,andwatercolor”可知，此处是指Vincent用木炭、蜡笔、墨水和水彩画了数百幅人物画。故选D项。【30题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：Theo出钱买了油画颜料，于是他开始画油画。A.canvas画布；B.money钱；C.house房子；D.materials材料。根据常识和后文“foroilpaint”可知，此处是指Theo出钱买了油画颜料。故选B项。【31题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：Vincent经常到乡村或海岸去画劳动人民。A.museum博物馆；B.country乡村；C.gallery美术馆；D.ocean海洋。根据语境和后文“orthecoasttodrawworkingpeople”可知，Vincent经常到乡村或海岸去画劳动人民。故选B项。【32题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他开始相信自己是一个艺术家。A.musician音乐家；B.guide导游；C.lawyer律师；D.artist艺术家。根据语境和后文“forpoorpeopleasapreacherwasnowchanneledintohisart”可知，被引导到他的艺术中，由此推知，他开始相信自己是一个艺术家。故选D项。【33题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：挖掘者，播种者，种植者，男性和女性，他们是我不断画的东西。A.continually不断地；B.carefully小心地；C.quickly快速地；D.accurately精确地。根据语境和前文“Diggers,sowers,planters,maleandfemale,theyarewhatIdraw”可知，此处是指挖掘者，播种者，种植者，男性和女性，他们是Vincent不断画的东西。故选A项。【34题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我必须观察和画出属于乡村生活的一切。A.image想象；