【课件】高考英语二轮复习阅读理解专项精准讲练第3讲推理判断题

2022高考英语二轮复习阅读理解专项精准讲练第三讲

推理判断题推理判断题◎题型解读1.考纲要求：推理判断题要求考生在理解文章的基础上，从文章提供的信息出发，借助一定的常识进行分析、推理、判断的能力。2.推理判断题相对于细节理解题难度较高，但近年来考察比例逐渐增加。推理判断题◎题型分类1.推断隐含意义---一步推导法（立足原文，只推一步）依据文中信息，结合已有常识，进行符合情理的推断,切忌主观臆断，做到推断有理有据注意推断隐含意义要求

推断言外之意或弦外之音题干常含infer(推断),suggest,imply常有can,could,probably,likely等考情

通常每篇文段都有1道题1.推断隐含意义---一步推导法（立足原文，只推一步）2021·全国乙卷B篇

GenerationXerswithyoungfamilies,likemywifeandI,canstillfinditconvenienttohaveahomephoneratherthanprovidingamobilephoneforeveryfamilymember.Thatsaid,tobehonesttheonlypeoplewhoeverringourhomephoneareourBabyBoomersparents,tothepointwhereweplayagameandguesswhoiscallingbeforewepickupthephone(usingCallerIDwouldtakethefunoutofit).

Howattachedareyoutoyourlandline?Howlonguntiltheygothewayofgasstreetlampsandmorningmilkdeliveries?Whatcanbeinferredaboutthelandlinefromthelastparagraph?A.Itremainsafamilynecessity.B.Itwillfalloutofusesomeday.C.Itmayincreasedailyexpenses.D.Itisasimportantasthegaslight.1.推断隐含意义---一步推导法（立足原文，只推一步）2020年全国Ⅱ卷·31

Thenthere’sRighteousFuranditsunusualfashions.ModelPaigeMorgansays,“Togivepeopleaguilt-freeoptionthattheycanwearwithoutsomeonethrowingpaintonthem—Ithinkthat’sgoingtobeamassivething,atleasthereinNewYork.”DesignerJenniferAndersonadmitsittookherawhiletocomearoundtotheopinionthatusingnutriafurforhercreationsismorallyacceptable.She’stryingtocomeupwithalabeltoattachtonutriafashionstoshowitiseco-friendly.WhatcanweinferaboutwearingfurinNewYorkaccordingtoMorgan?A.It’sformal.

B.It’srisky.

C.It’sharmful.

D.It’straditional.点拨：由infer可知为推断题。一找(依据)：由题干中的Morgan可定位至本段第二句。二理(解字面意思)：模特佩奇·摩根说：“给人们一个无负罪感的选择，让他们可以穿着(由动物毛皮制成的衣物)而不被人泼油漆——我认为这是一件大事，至少在纽约是这样。”三推(断或判断)：根据摩根的说法,在纽约穿着由动物毛皮制成的衣物会被泼油漆，由此可推断：在纽约穿动物毛皮制成的衣物是有风险的。四比(较各选项):“正式的”“有风险的”“有害的”“传统的”。2.推断观点态度题---字里行间法观点态度题四个明确明确表达情感的词的意义,如valuable,hopeful,well,good,doubt,worry等明确是问谁对什么事的态度明确主旨(文段首尾),推测观点明确是作者或文中人物的观点而非主观臆断推断作者对某事物所持的观点或态度要求推断文中人物对某事所持的观点或态度2.推断观点态度题---字里行间法2021·新高考卷I阅读D

Althoughpopularbeliefsregardingemotionalintelligencerunfaraheadofwhatresearchcanreasonablysup-port,theoveralleffectsofthepublicityhavebeenmore

beneficialthanharmful.Themostpositiveaspectofthis

popularizationisanewandmuchneededemphasis(重视）onemotionbyemployers,

educatorsandothersinterestedinpromotingsocialwell-being.Thepopularizationofemotionalintelligencehashelpedboththepublicandresearchersre-evaluatethefunctionalityofemotionsandhowtheyservepeopleadaptivelyineverydaylife.34.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetothepopularizationofemotionalintelligence?A.Favorable.

B.Intolerant.

C.Doubtful.

D.Unclear.2.推断观点态度题---字里行间法2020年全国Ⅲ卷·29“Wefloatedtheideatomymumofsharingahouse,”saysKathrynWhitehead.Ritacutsin:

“WespokemorewithNickbecauseIthinkit’sabigthingforNicktolivewithhismother-in-law.”AndwhatdoesNickthink?“Frommystandpoint,itallseemstoworkverywell.WouldIrecommendit?Yes,IthinkIwould.”WhatisNick’sattitudetowardssharingthehouse

withhismother-in-law?A.Positive. B.Carefree.C.Tolerant. D.Unwilling.3.推断写作意图---“主旨推意”法推断写作意图主旨推断法

根据文章或段落主旨推断作者的写作目的

写作目的开篇提问：引出话题或让读者关注主题讲述相关之事：引出主题或提供背景举例、引语或数据：证明某一观点或说明某个主题文体推断法根据文章体裁判断作者写作意图3.推断写作意图---“主旨推意”法2021·新高考卷I阅读DWeprefertodescribeemotionalintelligenceasaspecificsetofskillsthatcanbeusedforeithergoodorbadpurposes.Theabilitytoaccuratelyunderstandhowothersarefeelingmaybeusedbyadoctortofindhowbesttohelpherpatients,whileacheatermightuseittocontrolpotentialvictims.Beingemotionallyintelligentdoesnotnecessarilymakeoneamoralperson.33.Whydoestheauthormention“doctor”and“cheater”inparagraph2?A.ToexplainaroleB.ToclarifyaconceptC.TopresentafactD.Tomakeaprediction3.推断写作意图---“主旨推意”法2020年新高考全国Ⅰ卷·11Inthemid-1990s,TomBisselltaughtEnglishasavolunteerinUzbekistan…Afewyearslater,stillattractedtothecountry,hereturnedtoUzbekistantowriteanarticleaboutthedisappearanceoftheAralSea.Hisvisit,however,endedupinvolvingalotmorethanthat.Hencethisbook,ChasingtheSea:LostAmongtheGhostsofEmpireinCentralAsia,whichtalksaboutaroadtripfromTashkenttoKarakalpakstan,wheremillionsofliveshavebeendestroyedbytheslowdryingupofthesea.ItisthestoryofanAmericantravellingtoastrangeland,andofthepeoplehemeetsonhisway:Rustam,histranslator,alovely24-year-oldwhopickeduphiscolorfulEnglishinCalifornia,OlegandNatasha,hishostsinTashkent,andastringofforeignaidworkers.ThisisaquicklookatlifeinUzbekistan,madeoffriendlinessandwarmth,butalsoitsdarkersideofsociety.InSamarkand,MrBisselladmiresthearchitecturalwonders,whileonhiswaytoBukharahegetsatasteofpolicemethodswhensuspectedofdrugdealing.InFerghana,heattendsamountainfuneral(葬礼)followedbyastrangedrinkingparty…MrBissellskillfullyorganizeshistoricalinsightsandculturalreferences,makinghistaleawell-roundedpictureofUzbekistan,seenfromWesterneyes…Whatisthepurposeofthistext?A.Tointroduceabook.B.Toexplainaculturalphenomenon.C.Torememberawriter.D.Torecommendatraveldestination.4.推断文章出处---“文体特征”法根据文章内容和文体的结构特征来推断其出处原则推断文章出处题干

常含befrom,comefrom,betaken,appear等

营养、健康饮食:ahealthmagazine旅游景点介绍:atravelguide/brochure博物馆介绍:博物馆参观指南(amuseumguide)新产品/影片或演出介绍:advertisement文化教育类文章:educationsction文章前有日期、地点或通讯社名称:newspaper文中有链接:website类别

介绍科研或发现成果asciencemagazinesciencesectionasciencereport时尚、名人或娱乐介绍:magazine,journal,entertainment人物介绍:biography,autobiography活动介绍:announcement,notice4.推断文章出处---“文体特征”法2021·全国甲卷阅读A

Takeaview,

theLandscape(风景）Photographer

oftheYearAward,

wastheideaofCharlieWaite,

oneoftoday’smostrespectedlandscapephotographers.Eachyear,

thehighstandardofentrieshasshownthatthe

AwardsaretheperfectplatformtoshowcasetheverybestphotographyoftheBritishlandscape.Takeaviewis

adesirableannualcompetitionforphotographersfromall

cornersoftheUKandbeyond.23.Wherecanthetextbefound?A.Inahistorybook.

B.Inanovel.

C.Inanartmagazine.

D.Inabiography.2019年全国Ⅰ卷·31

Asdataandidentitytheftbecomesmoreandmorecommon,themarketisgrowingforbiometric(生物测量)technologies—likefingerprintscans—tokeepothersoutofprivatee-spaces.Atpresent,thesetechnologiesarestillexpensive,though.ResearchersfromGeorgiaTechsaythattheyhavecomeupwithalow-costdevice(装置)thatgetsaroundthisproblem:asmartkeyboard.Thissmartkeyboardpreciselymeasuresthecadence(节奏)…Italsodoesn’trequireanewtypeoftechnologythatpeoplearen’talreadyfamiliarwith.Everybodyusesakeyboardandeverybodytypesdifferently.Inastudydescribingthetechnology,theresearchershad100volunteerstypetheword“touch”fourtimesusingthesmartkeyboard.Datacollectedfromthedevicecouldbeusedtorecognizedifferentparticipants…Whereisthistextmostlikelyfrom?Adiary.B.Aguidebook.C.Anovel.D.Amagazine.4.推断文章出处---“文体特征”法

2020·全国卷II

C28.WhatisthepurposeofthefashionshowsinNewOrleansandBrooklyn?A.Topromoteguilt-freefur.B.Toexpandthefashionmarket.C.Tointroduceanewbrand.D.Tocelebrateawinterholiday.29.Whyarescientistsconcernedaboutnutria?A.Nutriadamagetheecosystemseriously.B.Nutriaareanendangeredspecies.C.Nutriahurtlocalcat-sizedanimals.D.Nutriaareillegallyhunted.30.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“collapsed”inparagraph5probablymean?A.Boomed. B.Becamemature. C.Remainedstable. D.Crashed.31.WhatcanweinferaboufwearingfurinNewYorkaccordingtoMorgan?A.It’sformal. B.It’srisky. C.It’sharmful. D.It’straditional.◎真题演练

Whenyouweretryingtofigureoutwhattobuyfortheenvironmentalistonyourholidaylist,furprobablydidn’tcrossyourmind.Butsomeecologistsandfashion(时装)enthusiastsaretryingtobringbackthemarketforfurmadefromnutria(海狸鼠).UnusualfashionshowsinNewOrleansandBrooklynhave(showcased)nutriafurmadeintoclothesindifferentstyles.“Itsoundscrazytotalkaboutguilt-freefur-unlessyouunderstandthatthenutriaaredestroyingvastwetlandseveryyear”,saysCreeMcCree,projectdirectorofRighteousFur.

ScientistsinLouisianaweresoconcernedthattheydecidedtopayhunters$5atail.SomeofthefurendsupinthefashionshowsliketheoneinBrooklynlastmonth.

NutriawerebroughttherefromArgentinabyfurfarmersandletgointothewild.

“Theecosystemdowntherecan’thandlethisnon-nativespecies(物种).It’s