劳动力市场和新资调查报告2024-2025-49正式版-WN8

LaborMarket&SalaryReport劳动力市场和薪资调查报告2024|2025AMember-ExclusiveReport–

17thEdition会员专属报告-第17版GETAHEADINYOURCAREERWITHINTERNATIONALBUSINESSSCHOOLSUZHOU西浦国际商学院助你领先职场西交利物浦大学西浦国际商学院开设各类硕士学位项目和中短期课程，旨在推动终身学习和职业发展，助力企业培养领袖，塑造未来。InternationalBusinessSchoolSuzhou(IBSS)atXJTLUoffersarangeofMasterandExecutiveEducationprogrammestoprepareleadersandprofessionalstocopewiththeever-chang-ingbusinessenvironment,learnemerginganalyticaltools,anddevelopaleadershipmindset.非全日制硕士项目Part-timeMasterDegreeProgrammesOurprogrammesareprocessedthroughonlineapplicationsandaretaught100%inEnglish.Thecoremodulesaretaughtonweekendsfor2-3years.GraduatesreceiveaninternationallyrecognizedMaster'sdegreefromtheUniversityofLiverpoolwhichiscertifiedbytheMinistryofEducationinChina.西浦国际商学院非全日制硕士项目采用申请制，全英文授课，核心课程安排于周末，学制2-3年。毕业生可获得国际认可的英国利物浦大学硕士学位，并可在教育部留学服务中心认证。国际工商管理硕士管理学硕士运营与供应链管理硕士项目管理硕士InternationalMBAforExecutivesMScManagementMScOperationsandSupplyChainManagementMScProjectManagement高管教育西浦国际商学院高管教育结合中英双方母校优势，打通文化脉络，依托行业经验丰富的国际化师资，以及贯穿12个学科领域超过76门的专业课程，提供弹性的课程规划，以满足不同企业和个人的需求。ExecutiveEducationCombiningthestrengthsofprestigiousuniversitiesinbothChinaandtheUK,weoffertheflexiblecurriculumacrossmorethan76special-izedcoursesin12academicfieldstomeetthediverseneedsofvariousenterprisesandindividuals.工商管理研修班ManagerialAccelerationProgramme(MAP)Target:Middleandseniormanagers,businessownersofrapidlygrowingcompanies,andcompany-selectedexecutivesObjective:Efficientlylearncoremanagementcourseswithin6-8monthstocomprehensivelyenhancestrategicthinkingandpracticalabilitiesunderthethemeofsustainabledevelopment.课程对象：企业中高层管理者、快速成长期企业的企业主、公司选派的委培高管课程目标：在6-8个月内高效学习管理类核心课程，全方位提升围绕可持续发展主题的战略思维和实战能力短期公开课程Short-termOpenEnrolmentProgramme战略与发展经济与现代商业金融与财会项目管理StrategyandDevelopmentEconomicsandModernBusiness领导力LeadershipFinanceandAccountingProjectManagement谈判与策略NegotiationandDecisionMakingOrganisationalManagementMarketing&Sales组织与管理ESG与可持续发展数智化ESGandSustainableDevelopmentDigitalIntelligence市场营销与销售运营与供应链管理OperationandSupplyChainManagementPersonalDevelopment个人发展CustomisedProgrammeDesignanddeliverhigh-valueexecutiveeducationprogrammestailoredtofirmsacrossdifferentindustries.定制化课程依照不同行业特点，为企业制定可持续高管培训课程方案。AboutIBSSatXJTLU西交利物浦大学西浦国际商学院IBSSisthebusinessschoolofXJTLU,ajointventureofXi’anJiaotongUniversityinChinaandtheUniversityofLiverpoolintheUK.IBSShasover200staffmembersandmorethan7,500studentsfromover60differentcountries.IBSSisaTripleCrownAccredited(AACSB,EQUISandAMBA)businessschool,offeringauniqueblendofWesternandChineseacademicpractices.西浦国际商学院（简称IBSS）隶属于由中国的西安交通大学和英国的利物浦大学联合创办的西交利物浦大学，是全球少数享有盛名的AACSB、AMBA、EQUIS三冠认证的商学院之一。学院拥有逾200名员工和来自60多个不同国家的7500多名学生，通过融合东西方优秀教育传统的最优实践，架设起了中国与世界交流的桥梁。ContactUs联系我们FormoreinformationaboutOpenEnrolmentProgramme:Tel电话:Email邮箱:Address地址:更多关于公开课程信息ibsspgrecruitment@(Part-timeMasterDegreeProgramme非全日制硕士项目)ibssexeced@(ExecutiveEducationProgramme高管教育)IBSSBuilding(SouthCampusofXJTLU),8ChongwenRoad,DushuLakeScienceandInnovationDistrict,SIP,Suzhou,Jiangsu,China215123(Part-timeMasterDegreeProgramme非全日制硕士项目0512-81883236(ExecutiveEducationProgramme中国江苏苏州工业园区独墅湖高教区崇文路8号西浦南校区IBSS大楼高管教育)LABORMARKET&SALARYREPORT2024|2025GERMANCHAMBEROFCOMMERCEINCHINATheGermanChamberofCommerceinChinacurrentlyhasaround2,100membersandistheofficialmemberorganizationforGermancompaniesinChina.IthelpsitsmemberstothriveintheChinesemarketbyprovidingrelevantmarketintelligenceandpracticalguidance.ItoffersaplatformfortheSino-Germanbusinesscommunityandadvocatesforitsmembers'intereststowardstakeholders,includinggovernmentbodiesandthepublic.ContactforpressinquiriesCarinaMingleContactforfurtherinformationAuroraLiuHeadofMediaRelations&CorporateCommunications+86-10-6539-6670EconomicAnalyst+86-21-5081-2266liu.aurora@china.ahk.demingle.carina@china.ahk.de©2024GermanChamberofCommerceinChina(GCC).Nopartofthiscontentandpublicationmaybereproducedwithoutpriorpermission.Forfurtherquestions,pleaserefertotheprovidedcontactpersons.Whileeveryreasonableeffortismadetoensurethattheinformationprovidedisaccurate,noguaranteesforthecurrencyoraccuracyofinformationaremade.Allmaterialrelatingtoinformation,products,andservices(ortothirdpartyinformation,productsandservices),isprovided'asis',withoutanyrepresentationorendorsementmadeandwithoutwarrantyofanykind,includingtheimpliedwarrantiesofsatisfactoryquality,fitnessforaparticularpurpose,non-infringement,compatibility,securityandaccuracy.Thecontributorsaresolelyresponsibleforthecontentthereof.ViewsexpresseddonotnecessarilyrepresentthoseoftheGermanChamberofCommerceinChina.andtheseentitieswillnotbeliableforanylossordamagewhatsoeverarisingfrominfringementoranydefectofrightsofthecontent.Thisinformationincludeslinkstootherwebsites.Theselinksareprovidedforyourconveniencetoprovidefurtherinformation.Theydonotsignifythatweendorsethewebsite(s).Wehavenoresponsibilityforthecontentofthelinkedwebsite(s).劳动力市场和薪资调查报告2024|2025中国德国商会中国德国商会在中国目前拥有大约2100家会员企业，是在华德企官方会员组织。通过提供相关市场情报和实用指南，中国德国商会帮助其会员在中国市场上蓬勃发展。它为中德商业社群提供平台，并代表其会员利益向利益相关者，包括政府机构和公众进行倡导。媒体联系人CarinaMingle了解更多报告信息，请联系刘晨曦媒体公关部高级总监+86-10-6539-6670mingle.carina@china.ahk.de经济分析师+86-21-5081-2266liu.aurora@china.ahk.de©2024年中国德国商会（GCC）。未经许可，本内容和出版物的任何部分均不得转载。如有其他问题，请联系上述联系人。我们已尽责核对所提供信息的准确性，但对此等信息的及时性和准确性不作任何担保。涉及信息、产品和服务（或第三方信息、产品和服务）的所有材料均“如实”提供，不作背书，不提供任何担保，不保证质量满意、适合特定用途或不侵权，亦不保证其兼容性、安全性以及准确性。发言者、提供者的相关内容由发言者、提供者自行负责。发表观点不代表中国德国商会。因内容或活动素材侵权或版权缺陷遭致损失的，上述机构概不负责。该信息含有链接指向其他网址。此等链接旨在方便您了解更多信息。但不表示我们认可该等网址。对于链接网址的内容，我们不承担任何责任。LaborMarket&SalaryReport2024|2025ContentExecutiveSummary68I.LaborMarketEnvironment1.1.ChineseEconomy1.2.TotalUnemploymentRate1.3.YouthUnemploymentRate888II.WageDevelopmentsinChina102.1.WageGrowth2.2.MinimumWagesandWageGuidelines1014III.SurveyResults181.EffectiveandExpectedWageDevelopmentsatGermanCompanies2.DetailedWageDevelopments3.WageLevels4.LaborCosts5.HRandRecruitmentChallenges6.ForeignEmployees7.EmployeeTurnoverandAdditionalHRData8.AbouttheSurvey9.ProfileofContributors181823283133353636IV.CompensationData4041.Introduction2.WagesandWageIncreases3.SegmentationVariables4.Region5.East6.North4042424347517.SouthandSouthwest8.CityTierCONTACT9.Industry10.CompanySizeToaccessspecificcompensationdata,pleasecontact:11.TotalCostperEmployee:MedianandPercentilesMs.AuroraLiuEconomicAnalystGermanChamberofCommerceinChina|Shanghai+86-21-5081-2266V.DefinitionsVI.Referencesliu.aurora@china.ahk.de劳动力市场和薪资调查报告2024|2025目录内容摘要79I.劳动力市场环境1.1.中国经济1.2.中国整体失业率1.3.青年失业率999II.中国工资增长状况112.1.薪资增长状况2.2.最低工资及工资指导线1115III.调查结果191.在华德企实际和预期薪资变化2.详细薪资变化3.薪资水平4.劳动力成本5.人力资源和招聘挑战6.外籍员工7.员工流动和其它HR数据8.关于本次调查9.受访企业简况191924293234373737IV.薪酬数据4151.简介2.薪资和薪资涨幅3.细分变量414356574.地区5.华东及华中6.华北及东北7.华南和西南8.城市分级更详细的薪酬数据，请联系：9.行业10.企业规模11.每位员工总成本：中位数和百分数刘晨曦经济分析师中国德国商会

|上海+86-21-5081-2266liu.aurora@china.ahk.deV.定义VI.参考文件LaborMarket&SalaryReport2024|2025EXECUTIVESUMMARY▪

ExpectedSalaryinChina:TheprojectedwagegrowthdevelopmentforGermancompaniesinChinahasbeenonadownwardtrajectory,andthetrendcontinuesitsdescentwithanexpectedgrowthrateof3.81%in2025,markingthefirstprojectionbelow4%(excludingtheanticipationfor2021madein2020,whentheinitialoutbreakofCOVID-19createduncertainty).The2025forecastis0.68PercentagePoint(p.p.)below2024’sexpectation(FigureES.1).Ontheotherhand,DeputyGeneralManagers/BranchManagersreceiveamedianTCEofCNY66,800/month,representingadecreaseofaroundCNY20,000/month.Meanwhile,theTCEofCEOs/GeneralManagersstandsatCNY113,435/month,adecreaseofaroundCNY6,500/month(FigureES.3).FigureES.3:ComparisonofWageLevelbyProductionWorkers,LevelofSeniority&SeniorManagementTotalCostperEmployee/Month,inCNYFigureES.1:ExpectedWageGrowthDevelopmentatGermanCompaniesinChina202320242015-2025,NominalGrowth,in%8.17.16.235.95.995.534.914.884.493.793.8120152016201720182019202020212022202320242025Theexpectedwagegrowthistheaverageofalltheindividualpositions’

expectedwagegrowthcollectedinthesurvey.In2024,withatotalof446companiesand46differentroles,thenumberofobservationscollectedtotaled5,935.CHINAProductionJuniorWorkersMid-LevelSeniorDeputyGM/BMCEO/GMDeputyGM/BM:DeputyGeneralManager/BranchManager.CEO/GM:ChiefExecutiveOfficer/GeneralManager/ManagingDirector.▪EffectiveSalaryinChina:Similartolastyear,theeffectivesalaryincreasedidn’tmeettheinitialexpectation.In2024,effectivesalariesexperiencedanaveragegrowthrateof3.9%,0.59p.p.belowtheinitialexpectationof4.49%(FigureES.2).6▪

ForeignEmployees:Theproportionofcompanieshiringforeignershasbeendecliningandreached65%in2024.Thisrepresentsasignificantdropofalmost20p.p.comparedtothatin2017.Theproportionfellbelow50%forthefirsttimeinsmallcompanies(43.6%)(FigureES.4).Theprimereasonforreplacingexpatriatestaffwithlocalstaffwaswagelevel.FigureES.2:ExpectedandEffectiveWageIncreasesinChina2024-2025,in%4.49FigureES.4ShareofCompaniesEmployingForeignersCompanySizebyNumberofEmployees,in%3.903.81CHINALessthan5050-250Greaterthan250100%90%80%70%60%50%40%94.489.984.090.689.489.289.382.6Expected2024Effective2024Expected202581.079.977.277.876.278.174.177.874.280.871.473.673.670.869.558.968.865.0▪WageLevels:ThemedianTotalCostperEmployee(TCE)continuestoriseandiscurrentlyatCNY19,100/monthin2024.Productionworkers,juniorandmid-levelprofessionalspresentmediancompensationvaluesbelowChina’smedianTCEandtheirTCEsawaminorincreasecomparedto2023.63.262.459.658.356.943.620172018201920202021202220232024劳动力市场和薪资调查报告2024|2025内容摘要▪

预期薪资涨幅：在华德企预期的预期薪资涨幅一直呈现下降趋势，并且这种趋势目前仍在持续，2025年的预计薪资涨幅为3.81％，首次低于4％（除了2020年疫情初次爆发时不确定性引起的对2021年的预期较低的特例之外）。这一预期比2024年的预期薪资涨幅低0.68个百分点（图ES.1)。图

ES.3:在华德企的薪资水平（按产业工人、资历级别和高级管理层细分）2024年每位员工总成本

单位：元/月20232024图

ES.1：

在华德企预期薪资涨幅状况2015-2025年，名义涨幅，（单位：

%）8.17.16.235.95.995.534.914.884.493.793.8120152016201720182019202020212022202320242025预期薪资涨幅是调查中测得的所有单个职位的预期薪资涨幅的平均值。2024年，共有46个不同的特定职位，收集到的观察数据共计5,935个。▪

外籍员工被当地员工取代：在华德企中雇佣外籍员工的公司比例一直在下降，2024年仅有65%。与2017年相比，此比例大幅下降了近20个百分点。在小型企业中，该比例首次降至50%以下（43.6%）（图

ES.4）。用本地员工取代外籍员工的主要原因是工资水平。▪

实际薪资涨幅：与去年相同，2024年的实际薪资涨幅也未能达到先前的预期。2024年，实际薪资涨幅平均增长率为3.9%，比最初预期的4.49%低了0.59个百分点（图ES.2）。7图

ES.4外籍员工所占平均百分比企业规模（按公司员工划分），单位：%，占员工总数的百分比图ES.2:中国预期薪资与实际薪资涨幅2024-2025年，单位：%4.49中国50人以下50–250人超过250人3.90100%90%80%70%60%50%40%3.8194.489.984.090.689.489.289.377.874.282.681.079.977.277.876.278.174.180.871.473.673.670.869.558.968.865.02024年预期2024年实际2025年预期63.262.4▪

薪资水平：每位员工成本的中位数持续上涨，2024年的中位数为19100元/月。生产工人、初级和中级专业人员的薪酬中位数低于全国的薪酬中位数，与2023年相比，他们的薪酬中位数略有上升。另一方面，副总经理/分公司经理的薪酬中位数为66800元/月，与去年相比减少了约20000元/月。同时，首席执行官/总经理的每位员工成本为113435元/月，减少了约

6500元人民币/月（图

ES.3）。59.658.356.943.620172018201920202021202220232024LaborMarket&SalaryReport2024|2025I.LABORMARKETENVIRONMENTFigure1.1:GDPGrowthDevelopment2017-2024H1*,GDPinCNYBillionandGrowthRatein%GDPGDPGrowthRate1.1ChineseEconomy1,400,0001,200,0001,000,000800,000600,000400,000200,0001,210,2071,260,5821,143,67016%14%12%10%8%6%4%2%1,013,567986,515919,2816.7832,0366.9China'seconomydemonstratedamixedperformanceinthefirsthalfof2024,withGrossDomesticProduct(GDP)growthdecliningfrom5.3%inthefirstquarterto4.7%inthesecondquarter,resultinginanoverallexpansionof5%forthefirsthalfoftheyeartoreachCNY61.68trillion(NationalBureauofStatistics,2024a).Thisoverallgrowthratealignswiththegovernment'sannualtarget,despitetheevidentslowdowninthesecondquarter.8.1616,8365.06.05.23.02.220172018201920202021202220232024H1*2024H1representsfirsthalfoftheyear2024Source:NationalBureauofStatistics.Industrialoutputgrewby6%,whileretailsalesroseby3.7%.Fixed-assetinvestmentexpandedby3.9%comparedtothepreviousyear(NationalBureauofStatistics,2024b).Whiletheseindicatorsshowresilience,challengesremaininsustaininggrowthmomentumandbalancingdevelopmentacrosssectorsamidglobaleconomicuncertainties.Nevertheless,theGermanChamber‘s

FlashSurvey[1]implementedinJune2024suggestsadegreeofrenewedoptimismintheChinesemarket,with29%ofrespondentsexpectinganimprovedbusinessenvironment-asignificant8p.p.increasecomparedtothepreviousyear.AsChinafocusesonresearchanddevelopmentinitspursuitofaninnovation-driveneconomy,theseeconomictrendsandevolvingbusinesssentimentsarelikelytoinfluencethejobmarket,particularlyintechnology-relatedsectors.Figure1.2:China’sTotalUnemploymentRatevs.YouthUnemploymentRateJanuary-December2020-June2024,in%NationalUrbanUnemploymentRateUrbanUnemploymentRateofthePopulationAgedfrom16to2425%21.320%15%10%5%14.95.00%820202021Source:NationalBureauofStatistics.2022202320241.2TotalUnemploymentRate*InJune2023,thestategovernmentsuspendedreleasingitsnationalyouthunemploymentrates.ThedatawasresumedpublishinginDecember2023;however,relevantmetricswereadjusted,whichexcludedstudentsfromthesample.In2024,China’s

employmentsituationwasstable,asdemonstratedbyaslightimprovementinurbansurveyedemploymentrates.Asreported,theaverageurbansurveyedunemploymentrateforthefirsthalfof2024was5.1%(NationalBureauofStatistics,2024c),markinga0.1p.p.decreasecomparedtothefirstquarteranda0.2p.p.decreasecomparedtothesameperiodlastyear.1.3YouthUnemploymentRateInJune2023,theyouthunemploymentrate(aged16-24)reachedarecordhighof21.3%,afterwhichthegovernmentsuspendeditsrelease.InJanuary2024,thegovernmentresumedpublishingthedata,usingarevisedmethodologythatexcludesschoolstudents(NationalBureauofStatistics,2024d).Underthisnewmetric,theyouthunemploymentratewas14.9%(NationalBureauofStatistics,2024e)inDecember2023,stillaboutthreetimestheoverallunemploymentrate.Thegovernmentaimstoaddressthisissuethroughvariousmeasures,includingpromotingemploymentopportunitiesandprovidingsupportforyoungjobseekers(Figure1.2).劳动力市场和薪资调查报告2024|2025I.劳动力市场环境图1.1：

中国GDP增长情况2017-2024H1*，年度数据，GDP单位：亿元，GDP增速单位：%GDPGDP增速1.1中国经济1,400,0001,200,0001,000,000800,000600,000400,000200,00001210207126058216%14%12%10%11436708.198651510135672024年上半年，中国经济呈现出了不同的发展情况，国内生产总值（GDP）增速从第一季度的

5.3%放缓至第二季度的4.7%，上半年总体GDP增速为5%，达到61.68万亿元人民币（国家统计局，2024a）。尽管第二季度增速明显放缓，但这一总体增速与政府的年度目标一致。9192818320366168368%6.96.76.05.26%4%2%0%3.02.25.020172018201920202021202220232024H1（2024上半年），工业产值同比增长6%，零售额同比增长3.7%，固定资产投资同比增长3.9%（国家统计局，2024b）。虽然这些指标显示了经济的韧性，但在全球经济不确定的情况下，保持增长势头和平衡各行业均衡发展仍充满挑战。然而，中国德国商会于2024年6月实施的

“快讯调查”[1]表明，中国市场在一定程度上重新恢复了乐观，29%的受访企业预计中国的商业环境将有所改善，与上一年相比大幅增长了8个百分点。随着中国在追求创新驱动型经济的过程中更加注重研发，这些经济趋势和不断变化的商业情绪很可能会影响就业市场，尤其是与技术相关的行业。随着中国更加重视研发和发展创新驱动经济，这些经济趋势和不断变化的商业情绪很可能会影响就业市场，尤其是技术相关行业。*2024H1表示2024年上半年数据来源：中国国家统计局。图1.2：

中国城镇失业率与青年失业率2020-2024年6月，单位：%全国城镇失业率全国城镇16-24岁人口失业率25%21.320%15%10%5%14.95.00%1.2中国整体城镇调查失业率2020202120222023202492024年，中国就业形势稳中向好，城镇调查失业率略有下降。

数据来源：中国国家统计局。*2023年

6月，中国政府暂停发布全国青年失业率。该数据于

2023年

12月进行了算法据统计，2024年上半年城镇调查失业率平均为5.1%（国家统计局，2024c），比第一季度下降0.1个百分点，比去年同期下降0.2个百分点。调整，将学生排除计算范围外后，恢复发布。1.3青年失业率2023年6月，青年（16-24岁）失业率达到21.3%的历史新高，此后政府宣布暂停发布该数据。2024年1月，政府恢复公布该数据，并采用了将在校学生剔除在外的统计方法（国家统计局，2024d）。根据这一新指标，2023年12月的青年失业率为14.9%（国家统计局，2024e），仍是总体失业率的三倍左右。政府旨在通过各种措施解决这一问题，包括促进就业机会和为青年求职者提供支持（图

1.2）。userid:529794,docid:172438,date:2024-08-20,LaborMarket&SalaryReport2024|2025II.WAGEDEVELOPMENTSINCHINAFigure2.3:AverageWageandGrowthRatein24ProvincesandCitiesinChina,2023AverageWageofEmployeesinUrbanNon-PrivateAverageWageofEmployeesinUrbanNon-AverageWageGrowth(Nominal)2.1WageGrowthRegionFactor*PrivateSector,Sector,2023.(CNY/month)2022.(CNY/month)BasedonChinesestatistics,in2023,China’s

overallaveragemonthlynominalwagewasreportedatCNY10,058,anincreaseofCNY556fromthepreviousyear(Renshetong,2024a).Theriseinwagesshowcaseda5.8%growthrate,signalingacontinuedimprovementinlaborconditionsandincomelevels.Nevertheless,thisgrowthraterepresentsasubstantialmoderationcomparedtothedouble-digitincreasesseenfiveyearsagoandithasalreadyreachedanall-timelow.Tianjin11,50111,08710,95210,42510,0589,5489,4719,1809,0719,0438,9288,9148,8978,6418,50110,79410,73510,41010,1449,5028,7348,9178,4838,4168,6508,5218,2378,5948,2217,9516.6%3.3%5.2%2.8%5.8%9.3%6.2%8.2%7.8%4.5%7.9%8.2%3.5%5.1%6.9%1.141.101.091.041.000.950.940.910.900.900.890.890.880.860.85ZhejiangGuangdongJiangsuCHINAHainanChongqingSichuanInnerMongoliaFujianFigure2.1:AverageWageandOverallWageGrowth2011-2023,AverageWageinCNY,AverageWageGrowthin%ShandongShaanxiYunnanAverageWageAverageWageGrowth(Nominal)120,00014.416%14%12%10%8%6%4%2%Anhui100,00080,00060,00040,00020,00011.910.9Guizhou10.110.110.09.89.79.58.97.6Gansu8,2608,0858,0157,5737,6187,6729.1%7.0%4.4%0.820.800.806.75.8HunanGuangxiHeilongjiangShanxiHebei7,9797,9197,9027,9117,7337,0137,3537,5417,5627,2697,3316,4698.5%5.1%4.5%8.8%5.5%8.4%0.790.790.790.790.770.70201120122013201420152016201720182019202020212022202310Note:Annualwagesbasedon12months;allwagesarepre-tax.Source:NationalBureauofStatistics.JilinJiangxiHenanFigure2.2:GDPandWageGrowth2011-2023,in%Note:*Factorrepresentstheratioofregionalwagetonationalaveragefor2023.Monthlywages,basedon12-monthsyearbasis;allwagesarepre-tax.**DataforBeijingandShanghaiwasnotreleased.Source:RenshetongAverageWageGrowth(nominal)GDPGrowth14.411.910.96.610.110.110.06.99.86.19.78.1ThesuddendecouplingbetweenGDPandwagegrowthcanbeattributedtomorerecenteconomicshocks.In2023,Chinasawsignificantlayoffsandsalaryreductionsacrossallsectors,suchastech,automotive,semiconductor,andrealestate,impactingbothlowandhigh-incomeearnersthroughoutthesupplychains[2].Someleadingcompanies–

suchasAlibaba,NIO,Tesla,andCountryGarden–

announcedlayoffsorsalaryreductions,whichreflectsabroadertrendforworkforceoptimizationinthefaceofeconomicheadwinds[3].ThistrendisfurthercorroboratedbydatafromtheNationalBureauofStatistics,whichshowsadecreaseintheemploymentrateofurbanresidentsaged25-59from92.1%in2022to91.6%in2023(NationalBureauofStatistics,2024f).9.58.96.77.62.25.85.26.79.57.97.87.36.93.02011201220132014201520162017201820192020202120222023Source:NationalBureauofStatistics.Itisworthnoting,however,thatthegrowthtrajectoriesinaveragenominalwagesandGDPhavedivergedin2023.AsshowninFigure2.2,wagegrowthandGDPgrowthhavehistoricallyincreasedintandem;datain2023,however,showsthatGDPhasevidentlydecoupledwiththecurrentwagegrowth.劳动力市场和薪资调查报告2024|2025II.中国工资增长状况图2.3：2023年中国24个省市城镇私营单位就业人员平均月薪资及薪资增长率平均薪资单位：人民币/月薪资涨幅（%）2.1工资增长状况省份20232022系数*根据中国的统计数据，2023年，中国总体名义平均工资为10058元/月，比上年增加556元（国家统计局，2024e），工资增长率为5.8%，表明劳动条件和收入水平持续改善。然而，与五年前的两位数增幅相比，这一薪资增长率已大幅放缓，并已创下历史新低。天津115011108710952104251005895489471918090719,0438928891488978641850110794107351041010144950287348917848384168650852182378594822179516.6%3.3%5.2%2.8%5.8%9.3%6.2%8.2%7.8%4.5%7.9%8.2%3.5%5.1%6.9%1.141.101.091.041.000.950.940.910.900.900.890.890.880.860.85浙江广东江苏中国海南重庆四川内蒙古福建山东陕西云南安徽贵州图2.1：平均薪资及薪资涨幅2011-2023年，单位：人民币，%平均薪资平均薪资涨幅（%）120,00014.4100,00080,00016%14%12%10%8%6%4%2%11.910.910.110.110.09.89.79.58.97.660,0006.75.840,00020,000甘肃湖南广西8260808580157573761876729.1%7.0%4.4%0.820.800.8000%2011201220132014201520162017201820192020202120222023注：平均薪资按12个月计算；所有薪资均为税前薪资。黑龙江山西河北吉林江西河南7979791979027911773370137353754175627269733164698.5%5.1%4.5%8.8%5.5%8.4%0.790.790.790.790.770.70数据来源：中国国家统计局。图2.2：年度GDP及薪资增速2011-2023年，单位：%11平均薪资增速（名义）GDP增速数据来源：人社通。14.4城镇单位从业人员平均工资，月薪资按12个月计算；所有薪资均为税前薪资。*系数代表2023年该地区薪资与国家平均水平的比率。**人社通未发布北京和上海的数据11.910.910.110.110.06.99.86.19.78.19.58.96.77.62.25.85.26.79.57.97.87.36.96.6GDP与工资增长之间的突然分化可归因于近期的经济冲击。2023年，中国科技、汽车、半导体和房地产等各行各业都出现了大幅裁员和降薪，对整个供应链中的低收入和高收入者都造成了影响[2]。一些领先企业，如阿里巴巴、蔚来汽车、特斯拉和碧桂园，宣布裁员或降薪，这反映了在经济逆风下劳动力优化的大趋势[3]。国家统计局的数据进一步证实了这一趋势，该数据显示25-59岁城镇居民就业率将从2022年的92.1%降至2023年的

91.6%（国家统计局，2024f）。3.02011201220132014201520162017201820192020202120222023数据来源：中国国家统计局。但值得注意的是，2023年平均名义工资和国内生产总值的增长轨迹出现了分化。如图2.2所示，历史上工资增长和GDP增长一直同步增长，但2023年的数据显示，GDP增长的增速明显超过了当前的工资增长。LaborMarket&SalaryReport2024|2025Followingthereleaseofthenationalaveragewagedatafor2023,twenty-fourprovincesandcitiesinChinahaveofficiallydisclosedtheiraveragewages(Renshetong,2024b)(Figure2.3).Amongthese,fourregions–

Tianjin,Zhejiang,Guangdong,andJiangsu–standoutwiththeiraveragewagessurpassingthenationalaverage;theseregionswerealsotheones,amongallsurveyedprovinces,reportedwithmonthlywagesexceedingCNY10,000.Amongthetopperformers,TianjinsurpassedotherprovinceswithanaverageannualwageofCNY138,007,aCNY8,465increasefromlastyear.ThistranslatestoamonthlyaverageofCNY11,501.ZhejiangfollowswithanaverageannualwageofCNY133,045.Notably,Hainan,Gansu,Sichuan,andShaanxiexperiencedthemostsubstantialgrowthrates,rangingfrom8.2%to9.3%.Figure2.4:GDPGrowthRatebyIndustry,2024Q1GrowthRatein%13.7%10.8%7.3%7.3%6.0%6.0%5.8%5.2%3.8%3.5%-5.4%Wagedevelopmentin2023showsadifferentiatedpatternacrossindustries(NationalBureauofStatistics,2024g)(Figure2.5).High-techindustriescontinuedtodominatethelabormarketintermsofwagepayment.TheInformationandCommunicationTechnologysectormaintaineditssteadyposition–

incomparisontothe2022ranking—

asthehighest-payingindustrywithanannualwageofCNY231,810;itsrobust13.7%year-on-yearGDPgrowthrecordedin2024Q1furtherunderlinesitsmomentumandpotential(NationalBureauofStatistics,2024h)(Figure2.4).TechnicalServices&ScientificResearch,ontheotherhand,maintaineditsthirdplacewithanannualwageofCNY171,447.Meanwhile,thefinancesectoremergedwithanimpressive13.4%wagegrowth,reachinganannualwageofCNY197,663(Figure2.5).Source:NationalBureauofStatistics.Figure2.5:WageDevelopmentsbyIndustry,2023Rankedbasedon2023AnnualWagesIndustry20232022GrowthFactor*IT231,810197,663171,447143,818143,594135,025127,334124,362124,067122,705120,698220,418174,341163,486135,222132,964121,522121,151115,408120,422115,345114,0295.2%13.4%4.9%6.4%8.0%11.1%5.1%7.8%3.0%6.4%5.8%1.921.641.421.191.191.121.051.031.031.021.00FinanceServicesTechnicalServices,R&DHealthcareUtilitiesMiningConversely,therealestatesectorcontinuedtofaceheadwinds,withamere1.8%wagegrowthrateandanannualwageofCNY91,932(Figure2.5).Whilethetransitionfromnegativetopositivegrowthsignalspositivechange(in2022,thegrowthrateofwagedevelopmentinrealestatewas-0.9%)[4],thesectorwastheonlyindustryexperiencinganegativeyear-on-yearGDPgrowthin2024Q1.Thisreflectsthesector’s

ongoingchallenges,includingconservativepurchasingduetomacroeconomicuncertaintyandshrinkingprofitmarginsfacedbydevelopers(Figure2.4).12CultureWholesale&RetailEducationTransport&LogisticsCHINAPublicManagement&SocialOrganizations117,108117,440-0.3%0.97BusinessServicesManufacturingRealEstate109,264103,93291,93285,804106,50097,52890,34678,2952.6%6.6%1.8%9.6%0.910.860.760.71ConstructionThehospitalityindustryhasreboundedremarkablyfromtheanti-pandemicmeasuresandrealizeda7.3%year-on-yearGDPgrowthin2024Q1(Figure2.4).Itsannualwagealsowitnesseda7.6%increase,reachingCNY58,094annually.Furthermore,themanufacturingsectorshowedresiliencewitha6.6%wagegrowth,underscoringitscontinuedimportancetotheChineseeconomy(Figure2.5).ResidentialServicesWater&EnvironmentAgriculture68,91968,65662,95265,47868,25658,9765.3%0.6%6.7%0.570.570.52Hospitality58,09453,9957.6%0.48Note:*Factorrepresentstheratioofindustry-specificaveragewagestonationalaveragewagefor2023.Annualwagesbasedon12months.Allwagesarepre-tax.Source:NationalBureauofStatistics.reducedbudgetaryallocationforpublicsectorwages,resultinginstagnantorevendecliningsalariesinthissector.Notably,thepublicmanagement&socialorganizationssectorexperiencedanaveragewagedecline,witha-0.3%growthrate(Figure2.5).ThenegativegrowthcouldbeattributedtotheChinesegovernment’s

fiscaltighteningmeasurestomanagedebt