专业四级英语知识点

1.首卷语：《阿基拉和拼字嬉戏》里的一段话Ourdeepestfearisnotthatweareinadequate,ourdeepestfearisthatwearepowerfulbeyondmeasure,weaskourselves:whoamItobebrilliant,gorgeous,talentedandfabulousActually,whoareyounottobeYourplayingsmalldoesn'tservetheworld.WewereborntomakemanifestthegloryofGodthatiswithinus..--MarianneWilliamson――译文：我们最深入的恐惊，不是我们的无能；我们最深入的恐惊，是我们的力气无穷无尽。我们问自己，我就是那个天生丽质、聪慧绝顶的人么？事实上，有什么你做不到的呢？我们生来就是要证明，自己有上帝给予的光线。2.虚拟语气：ａ.与如今事实相反，从句的谓语用动词过去式或were，主句的谓语用would(should)

+

动词原形ifitwereraining,weshoulddelaythe…b.与过去事实相反,从句的谓语用had+过去分词，主句的谓语用would(should)

have+

过去分词ifithadrained,weshouldhavedelayedthesportsmeeting.c.与将来事实相反,从句的谓语用,动词过去式，should

+动词原形，或were

to

+

动词原形；主句的谓语用would(should,

could,

might)+

动词原形。Ifitwereto/shouldrain,wewoulddelaythemeeting.形容词排序：熟记规则：大小形态和新老，颜色国际出（处）材料多个形容词修饰同一名词时的依次是固定的，其依次为：①冠词、指示代词、不定代词、物主代词+②序数词+基数词+③一般性描绘形容词+④大小、长短、形态+龄、新旧+⑥颜色+⑦国籍、出处+⑧材料+⑨用处、类别+⑩最终修饰的名词或动名词。例如：abeautifullittleredflower一朵美丽的小花。thosefourold-looking,grey,woodenhouses所以这个翻译题我有一个中国制造木制红色的大的园桌子可以翻译成Ihaveabig,round,red,Chinesewoodendinningtable.请你记住Opshacomexample:anicelongnewblackBritishplasticpenop代表opinion，指示人们观点的形容词，如beautiful，horrible，lovely，nice等；sh代表shape，指表示形态的形容词，如long，short，round,narrow等；a代表age，指表示龄、时代的形容词，如old，new，young等；c代表colour，指表示颜色的形容词，如red,black,orange等；o代表origin，指表示国籍、地区的形容词，如British，Canadian，German等；m代表material，指表示材料的形容词，如plastic，metal，aluminum等op代表“美小圆旧黄，中国木书房”。注：“美”代表“描绘或性质类”形容词；“小”代表“大小、长短、凹凸、胖瘦类”形容词；“圆”代表“形态类”形容词；“旧”代表“新旧、龄类”形容词；“黄”代表“颜色类”形容词；“中国”代表“来源、国籍、地区、出处类”形容词；“木”代表“物质、材料、质地类”形容词；“书”代表“用处、类别、功能、作用类”形容词；“房”代表“中心名词”。例如：oldredbricktwobeautifulnewgreensilkeveningdress两件又新又美丽的绿色丝绸女士晚礼服；thathungry,tired,sleepylittlematchgirl那个饥饿、疲惫、困倦的卖火柴的小女孩；anlargeoldbrickdininghall一个旧的红砖砌的大餐厅。限定描绘大长高，形态龄和新老；颜色国籍跟材料，作用类别往后靠；其中，“限定词”包括：冠词、物主代词、指示代词、或数词，它位于各类形容词前。它本身分为三位，即：前、中、后。前位限定词有all、half、both、分数和倍数；中位限定词有冠词、指示代词、物主代词等；后位限定词有基数词和序数词，但序数词位于基数词前。如:bothmyhands、allhalfhisincome等。“描绘”性形容词如：beautiful、bad、cold、great等。“大长高”表示大小、长短、凹凸等一些词。表示“形态”的词如：roundsquare等。“国籍”指一个国家或地区的词。“材料”的词如：wooden,woolen,stone,silk等。“作用类别”的词如：medical,college，writingdesk，policecar等情态动词：didn'tneedtodo：过去不必做某事,事实上也没做needn'thavedone：过去不必做某事,但事实上做了musthavedone:对过去确定做过某事推想couldn'thavedone:过去发生的事情"不行能已经"couldhavev-ed表示推想过去某动作“很可能”发生了may/mighthavev-ed表示推想过去某事“或许”发生了。shouldhavev-ed和oughtnotto/shouldn’t’thavev-ed用于对已发生的状况表示“责怪”、“不满”，分别表示“本应当…”和“本不应当…”①usedto+v意为“过去常常”，“过去始终”；heusedtolivehere.他始终住这.②beusedto+v-ing/n（名词）意为“习惯于”；IamusedtolivingwithmygrandmawhenIwasalittlegirl.③beusedto+v意为“被用来（做某事）”woodisusedtomakepaper.5.英语倍数表达法1."A+be+倍数+as+计量形容词原级+as+B".2."A+be+倍数+计量形容词比拟级+than+B3."A+be+倍数+the+计量名词+of+B"4."The+计量名词+of+A+be+倍数+that+of+B6.such和so的用法so+adj.such+a(n)+n.so+adj.+a(n)+n.such+n.(pl.)so+adj.+n.(pl.)such+n.(pl.)so+adj.+n.[不行数]such+n.[不行数]7.MorethanMorethan＋名词”表示“多于……”、“不仅是Sheismorethanawriter.Morethan＋数词”含“以上”或“不止”之意shehasmorethan3apples.Morethan＋形容词”等于“很”或“特别”的意思Sheismorethanbeautiful.More...than...”中，确定“more”后面的而否认“than”后面的，约等于“是……而不是……”Sheismoreacomposerthanasinger.morethan”或“More...than...”＋含“can”的分句时表示“否认意Nomore...than...”表示“不……；不如……”Nomore…...than...”的语义，也可用“notanymorethan...”来取代8.一些含有假设、猜测、建议等意思的动词后面的宾语从句要用should+原形动词结构,should往往可以省略。advice,arrange,command,demand,desire,insist,order,propose,require,request,suggest等9.反意疑问句1）陈述局部的主语是I’m，疑问局部要用aren'tI。例如：I'mastallasyoursister,aren'tI我跟你姐一样高，对吗？2）陈述局部的谓语是wish，疑问局部要用may+主语。例如:Iwishtohaveawordwithyou,mayI我想与你说句话，行吗？3）★陈述局部用no,nothing,nobody,never,few,seldom,hardly,rarely,little等否认含义的词时，疑问局部用确定含义。例如：Someplantsneverblown（开花）,dothey有些植物从不开花，对吗？★当陈述句含有un-,dis-,in-,-less等否认词缀时,疑问局部用否认含义4）含有oughtto的反意疑问句，陈述局部是确定的，疑问局部用shouldn't/oughtn't+主语。例如：Heoughttoknowwhattodo,oughtn'the/shouldn'the他应当知道该做什么，对吗？5）陈述局部有haveto+v.（hadto+v.），疑问局部常用don't+主语（didn't+主语）。例如Wehavetogetthereateighttomorrow,don'twe我们要在明天早上八点到达那儿，是吗？6）陈述局部的谓语是usedto时，疑问局部用didn't+主语或usedn't+主语。例如：Heusedtotakepicturesthere,didn'the/usedn'the他以前常在那儿拍照，是吗？7）陈述局部有hadbetter+v.疑问句局部用hadn'tyou例如：You'dbetterreaditbyyourself,hadn'tyou你最好自己去读，好吗？8）陈述局部有wouldrather+v.，疑问局部多用wouldn't+主语。例如：Hewouldratherreadittentimesthanreciteit,wouldn'the他宁可读十遍也不情愿背诵，是吗？9）陈述局部有You'dliketo+v.疑问局部用wouldn't+主语。例如：You'dliketogowithme,wouldn'tyou你想和我们一块去，对吗？10）★陈述局部有must的疑问句，疑问局部依据实际状况而定。以下例子是当must作推想时解,例如：Hemustbeadoctor,isn'the他确定是医生，是吗？YoumusthavestudiedEnglishforthreeyears,haven'tyou/didn'tyou你确定读过三英语，对吗？Hemusthavefinishedityesterday,didn'the他确定是在昨天完成任务的，是吗？★当must作”必需,必要”时解,反意疑问句仍用”mustn’t或needn’tHemuststudyhardatEnglish,mustn’t/needn’the11）感慨句中，疑问局部一律用否认形式,benot+主语。例如：Whatcolors,aren'tthey多美丽的颜色，是吗？12）陈述局部由neither…nor,either…or连接的并列主语时，疑问局部依据其实际逻辑意义而定。NeitheryounorIamengineer,arewe你不是工程师，我也不是，对吗？13）陈述局部主语是指示代词或不定代,主语从句,不定式,everything,that,nothing,this,疑问局部主语用it。例如：Everythingisready,isn'tit一切就绪，是吗？14）陈述局部为主语从句或并列复合句，疑问局部有三种状况：a.并列复合句疑问局部，谓语动词依据邻近从句的谓语而定。例如：Mr.SmithhadbeentoBeijingforseveraltimes,andheshouldhavebeeninChinanow,shouldn'the史密斯先生曾几次去过北京，按理说他如今应当在中国，是吗？b.带有定语从句，宾语从句的主从复合句，疑问局部谓语依据主句的谓语而定。例如：HesaidtheywantedtovisitJapan,didn'the他说他想去日本看看，他是那样说的吗？c.陈述局部主句为第一人称，谓语是think,believe,expect,suppose,imagine等引导的定语从句，疑问局部与宾语从句相对应构成反意疑问句。例如：Idon'tthinkheisbright,ishe我认为他并不聪慧，是吗？15）陈述局部主语是不定代词everybody,anyone,somebody,nobody,noone等，疑问局部常用复数they，有时也用单数he。例如：Everyoneknowstheanswer,don'tthey（doeshe）人人都知道答案，是这样吧？Nobodyknowsaboutit,dothey（doeshe）没人知道这件事，是吧？16）带情态动词dare或need的反意疑问句，疑问局部常用need（dare）+主语。例如：Weneednotdoitagain,needwe我们不必重做一遍，是吗？Hedarenotsayso,darehe他不敢这样说，是吗？当dare,need为实义动词时，疑问局部用助动词do+主语。例如：Shedoesn'tdaretogohomealone,doesshe她不敢单独回家，是吗？17）祈使句的反意疑问句，疑问局部用willyou。例如：Don'tdothatagain,willyou别再这样做，好吗？Gowithme,willyou/won'tyou跟我走吧，好吗？留意：Let's开头的祈使句，后用shallweLetus开头的祈使句，后用willyouLetme开头的祈使句,后用”willyou,won’tyou,mayI”例如：Let'sgoandlistentothemusic,shallwe一起去听音乐，好吗？Letuswaitforyouinthereading-room,willyou你让我们在阅览室等你，好吗？Letmehelpyou,mayI18）陈述局部是"therebe"构造的，疑问局部用there省略主语代词。例如：Thereissomethingwrongwithyourwatch,isn'tthere你的表有问题，对不对？Therewillnotbeanytrouble,willthere不会有费事吧，是吗？19）must在表"推想"时，依据其推想的状况来确定反意疑问句。例如：Hemustbetherenow,isn'the他如今确定在那儿，是吧？Itmustbegoingtoraintomorrow,won'tit明天确定要下雨，是吗？21)当陈述句前用so开头,反意疑问句用”同向疑问”方式如:Soyouaregettingmarried,areyou22.AistoBwhatCistoDA对B就像C对D一样10.高频词组agreesbagreewithsb同意某人的话,意见sthagreewithsb某物,某事适应某人agreetosb建议agreeonsth在某一点上获得一样意见agreeupsth在某一点上获得一样意见agreetodosth同意干某事breakvt.打破;损坏;破坏Weshouldalltakealittlebreakbeforedessert.吃甜点之前我们大家应当略微休息一下。breakdown机器坏了=gowrong身体垮了/终止谈话/使安康、精神崩溃Ihadneverseenagrownmanbreakdownandcry.我从未曾看到过一个这么强壮的汉子痛哭失声。breakin闯入,插话breakoff突然停顿讲话/断绝,完毕/暂停工作,休息breakout(斗争等)爆发;逃出(无被动式)breakthrough打破包围breakup驱散,学校的放学Thepolicehadtoemployforcetobreakupthecrowd.警察不得不运用武力驱散人群。breakawayfrom脱离,逃说,与...断绝来往/变更某种习惯bringvt.拿来;带来;取来I'llbringsomeofmypicturesintothegallery.我就带一些我的摄影到艺廊来。bringabout=cause,resultin,leadtobringdown使倒下,使下降bringforce使产生,引起bringforward提出建议=putforward/提早bringin=getinthepops/使得到某种收入Mr.Li:Oh…wouldyoukindlyallowmetobringinh…wouldyoukindlyallowmetobringinthecivetdurianItisthefavoriteofmysister.bringbacktoone'smind使回想起bringupsb抚养某人bringupsth提出bringup呕吐bringtoanend完毕=cometoanendcallvt.叫喊;打给…I'llcalltherollbeforeclass.课前我要点名。callonsb探望,号召callat访问(某人的家);(火车、船)停靠callfor须要Andthere'saphonecallforyou,Mr.Bennett.Bennett先生有你的。callforsb去接某人一起去做某事calloff取消(支配,竞赛)callout(callout+tosb.)大声地叫callupsb打callin请进来We'llcallinacoupleofdays.我们两三天後打。carryvt.携带;运载;传送AnothergenerationtocarryontheStewartname.这是承继Stewart家族香火的新一代。carryout进展究竟,贯彻执行4)Tomorrow,Sandrawillcarryoutthegarbage.明天珊多拉将会整理垃圾的。carryout是成就、完成的惯用语,但在此地,一看便知并非这种意思。可把它想象做从厨房把garbage运到外面去。carryon进展下去,坚持下去AnothergenerationtocarryontheStewartname.这是承继Stewart家族香火的新一代。carryaway拿走,入迷,被...吸引carryforward推动,发扬(精神)carryoff抢走,夺走/获得奖品carrythrough进展究竟,完成支配carrysbthrough使...渡过难关catchvt.捉;抓住vi.接住Wedidn'tcatchanything.我们什么也没有钓著。catchup赶上33.Heshuthimselfawayforamonthtocatchuponhisacademicwork.他与世隔绝一个月,力图把功课赶上去。catchon勾住,绊倒catchat想抓住Adrowningmanwillcatchatastraw.溺水者见草也要抓;急何能择。becaughtintherain被雨淋catchupwith赶上某人,补上工作cleara.澄澈[晰]的vt.去除Itissaiditwillclearuptonight.天气预报说今晚雨就会停。clearup(天气)转晴,澄清事实,整理整理Itissaiditwillclearuptonight.天气预报说今晚雨就会停。clearaway去除掉,去掉,消散clearoff消退(积雪)等障碍,把...拆掉,擦掉,去除comevi.到来;变得;到达MayIcomein我能进来吗？comeacross偶尔发觉,偶尔遇到comeon快点(口),开场,到来,实行,走吧,一起去Oh,comeonnow.噢别这样了。comeat向...扑过来,向...攻击7.Wemaycomeatanothertime.我们可以另找个时间来。comedown倒下,(温度,价格)下降,病倒comeforward涌现,主动地响应要求做某事comein进来,上市Andhaveyouhadanengineercomeintodoaninspection你们可有一个工程师来做过检查吗comefrom来自于IcomefromJapan.我来自日本。comeout出来,动身,结果DidMitchellJohnson'sreviewcomeoutyetMitchellJohnson的评论出来了没有cometo醒悟,总共,到达,得到谅解Whenwillhecometoseeyou他什么时候来看你？comeupsb走进comeup种子生长发育,被提出andI'llcomeupwithsomething.我会想出个方法的。cometoone'srescuers扶植cometrue实现Iknow,butit'sstilladreamcometrue.我知道但这终究是一个幻想实现了。cutv.割,切,削减,切断theycutpatches剪下布块cutsthinhalf把...砍成两半cutaway切除Hecutawayadeadbranch.他砍掉一根枯干的树枝。cutthrough走近路,剌穿cutdown砍倒,削减,压缩(开支)cutoff切断(关系,来往）,中止(,思维)3.Hewascutofffromhisfellows.他和同伴失去联络。cutout删掉/改掉(恶习),停顿inashortcut窍门dov.aux.助动词(无词意)WhatdoyoucallthisinEnglish这个用英语怎么说？dowith涉及到Whatareyougoingtodowiththebooks你准备拿这些书怎么办？doupone'shair盘起长发doupsth包/捆起来doout清扫,整理doawaywith=getridof废除,去掉,取消dievi.死亡;枯死;熄灭IwilldiebeforeI'lleatthatcarrot.假如要我吃胡萝卜,我宁愿去死。dirfrom因饥渴,斗争,被污染的意外死亡dieoff因老,疾病而死亡dieaway声音变弱,渐渐消逝/停息,消逝diedown渐渐地熄灭(风,火)dieout熄灭,变弱,消逝,灭亡(动物)fallvi.落下;跌倒;陷落tofall坠下,掉下fallasleep去睡觉=gotosleepfallill病了335.Becarefulnottofallill．留意不要生病了。fallacross遇见(偶尔)fallback后退,后撤fallbehind落后,跟不上fallin集合/陷入29.Thenecessaryoutcomeofawarisafallinproduction.斗争带来的必定结果就是消费力下降。fallinto陷入+名词Afallintoapit,againinyourwit.吃一堑,长一智。falloff削减,从...摔下来tofalloffabench从长椅上掉下来fallon看到,落在...上面fallshortof缺乏falloutof放弃getvi.变得,成为;到达Whendoyougetupeveryday每天你几点起床？getabout到处走,消息的传开Don'tforgetaboutthebet.别忘了打赌的事。getacross穿过,讲清晰使人理解,领悟Thechildrenbegantogetacrossateachother.孩子们开场争吵了。getaway逃掉,分开,摆脱1.Ihopetogetawayearlyinthemorning.我盼望一早就动身分开。getdown从…下来,写下来,登记来,病了/使某人担心It'stimetogetdowntobusinessnow.是进入正题的时候啦。getalongwithsth进展得getalongwithsb相处getin进去,进站,收进来,收帐Yeah.Yeah.Let'sgetinourlines.是啊是啊。请排好位置。getoff分开,下车Youcantakethebusandgetoffatthesecondstop.你可以坐公共汽车第二站下。geton上车157.Don'tgetonmynerves!（不要搅得我心烦。）getout拔出,传开Ineedtogetoutmore.我须要多出门去。getover克制(困难),从病中复原过来,不接fromYes,Iknow,buthe'llgetoverit.是的我知道过一下就会好的。getaround=spread传开getthrough完成,通过,用完,从人群中通过,接通11.IttookusonlyafewminutestogetthroughtheCustoms.我们的海关检查只花了几分钟时间。getto到达,抓住问题的要害,本质Excuseme,howcanIgettothebusstation对不起,汽车站怎么走？gettogether聚会,联欢92.Let'sgettogetheroneofthesedays.（找一天聚聚。）getinaword筹划getintotrouble陷入getridoff摆脱,去掉givevt.给出,给予,发生Ifyouhavemore,pleasegivemesome.假如你有多的,请给我。giveaway分发,赠送,颁发,背叛,出卖,暴露givein屈从giveoff放出(气体,光)Thoseflowerslookprettybutdon'tgiveoffanicesmell.这些花看似美丽,但是气味并不好。giveout使人力倦神疲Somerestaurantsgiveoutanodorthatreachestothestreet.一些餐厅里面的气味飘到了街上。odor是指比scent更浓更清晰的味道。giveup放弃,停顿做某事Heresolvedtogiveupsmoking．他决心戒烟。giveover让位于=givewayto被取代giveawayto被取代giveriseto引起,导致Frommutualunderstanding,acomfortablesituationhasbeencreation.由于彼此的理解,因此建立了开心的关系。create除了"创建"以外,还有"giveriseto,cause"的意思。govi.分开;挪动;运行Ihavetogonow.我必需走了。gobad变坏;变酸;腐败gored变红gohungry挨饿gowrong出错;发生故障goabout随意走/进展33.Couldyoupleaseinformmehowtogoaboutcontactingalawyer请您告知我怎样去联络律师？goafter追逐goahead说吧,走吧,做吧(口语),走在前面Good.nowwecangoaheadandwriteuptheorder.好极了,如今我们可以准备下单了。goat从事于gobeyond超出Itcangobeyondtheschoolsystem,Ellen.这可以推广到学校体制以外Ellen。goby=pass经过,过去76.Heletaweekgobybeforeansweringtheletter.他一周以后才回信。godown下降I'llgodowntoHenry'sgrocery.He'salwaysopen.我到亨利杂货店去。那里总是开门营业的gointo进入Yes,you'reright.Afterall,sheissmartenoughtogointobusiness.是啊,你说的对。终归,她完全有经商才智。gooff消逝,腐败,坏的goout(火)熄灭,过时了,罢工Whynotgooutforawalk干吗不出去漫步？goover复习,检查togoovertotheconstructionsitewithme去看一看建筑工地吗gothrough批阅/经验了(苦痛,困难),完成Wouldyouliketogothroughourfactorysometime什么时候来看看我们的工厂吧？goup进步,上涨(价格)Icangouptothelodgeforsomehotdogsanddrinks.我可以到那边小屋去弄些热狗和饮料来。riseup起来抗拒Hethatliesdown(sleeps)withdogsmustriseupwithfleas.与恶人交终会变恶;近朱者赤,近墨者黑。goaround安排,传播,传开OK,let'sgoaroundthetable.好让我们顺著桌子来。goallouttodosth全力以赴去做某事gobackto追溯到…I'llworkfor5yearsandthengobacktoschool.我会工作五,然后会学校。gowith相配=match=goalongwithTheyhadexceptedmetogowiththem.他们本来盼望我和他们一起去。gowellwith协调Salesgirl:Sure.Wehavebothskirtsandtrousersthatwouldgowellwiththesweater.Looktothissection.女店员：当然。我们有裙子和长裤都可以配那件毛衣。看看这边。gotoofar太过分了,走太远了holdvt.怀有,持有(见解等)No,therestaurantwillholdourtable.不会餐厅会保存我们的席位。holdup主持,耽误,延误,接着下去,拿起holdback阻挡,忍住,保存,隐瞒holddown限制,镇压=putdownholdoff延误,保持间隔,使"疏远"holdon坚持下去,停顿,别挂()Hegavethemtometoholdontothem他给我戒指要我自己保管holdout坚持到成功,支持,维持,伸出holdto坚持某个看法（路途）,紧紧地抓住OK,holdtotheright.好在右边停住。huntvt.追猎;追逐vi.打猎Hethatwillhaveaharetobreakfastmusthuntovernight.早餐想吃野兔肉,头晚就须去捕获。huntfor找寻huntout找出来huntthrow翻找keepvt.保存,保持;留住WekeepintouchwitheachotherbyEmailsinceheleftChina.他分开中国以后,我们用Email保持联络。keepto坚持某种习惯,遵循,靠(左右)InEnglandtrafficmustkeeptotheleft.在英国,车辆必需靠左行驶。keepback留在后面,阻挡,忍住keepdown限制,下降,缩减开支keepoff避开,远离,让开keepout使其等在外面,不让进入keepup保持,维持,鼓足志气keepsbfromdoing阻挡某人做某事keepsthfromsb把某事瞒着某人keepupwith跟上knockvi.&vt.&n.敲,击,打Whydon'tyouknockitoff为什么不把它关掉？knockintosb撞到某人身上;偶尔遇到knocksthdown降低价格,撤除,缩减开支knockoff下班,停工,很快地写出文章knocksbup匆忙做饭,敲门把某人叫醒,使某人疲乏knockat敲(门)6.Yherewasaknockatthedoor.Itwasthesecondtimesomeonehadinterruptedmethatevening.（有人敲门,那是那天晚上打搅我的第二个。）knocksbup把某人叫醒knowvt.知道;相识;通晓DoyouknowwhereI'veputmyglasses你知道我把眼镜搁哪儿了吗？knowabout理解,知道状况HowmuchdoyouknowabouttheworksofGeorgeEliot乔治·艾略特的作品你知道多少？knowof听说,知道为什么beknowforsth以...知名asknowntoall众所周知layvt.放,支配,铺设,覆盖andlaythemfacedown.将牌盖住。layaside放在…一边,积蓄laydown放下,制定支配layemphasisonsth强调laydownone'slifefor为...献诞生命layout布置;设计layoff辞退leavev.分开，留下leavealone不要管(某人),不要碰(某物)leavebehind遗留,遗志leaveoff(使)停顿;中断leaveout删掉,漏掉leaveover剩下的,短暂不去解决的layin积蓄,储蓄36.Wehavetoplayinsidebecauseitisraining.因为天下雨,我们不得不在屋里玩。letvt.容许,使得,假设Rose,letmeintroducemyfriendtoyou.罗斯,让我介绍一下我的挚友。letalone不要管,不碰,更不用说letdown放下(窗帘),悲观letoff燃放鞭炮,放掉蒸汽,放过某人letout放掉气,发出响声,泄露lookv.看,期盼n.外观,神色Yes,butyoulookasprettynow,asyoudidthen.但你看起来还是则美丽。lookafter照料61.It'sverynobleofyoutolookaftermyoldgrandmotherwhenIwasoutforbusiness.你心地真好,在我出差期间照看我迈的外婆。lookat看MayIhavealookatthewatch我能看看这块表吗？lookback回忆lookin顺便来访=dropinIdon'tknow.YoumaylookintheTVGuide.我不知道,你可以看看《电视报》。lookintosth调查,理解某事,阅读(书报)lookonas把...看作...lookout留神,留神,向外看lookaround到处看Well...youmindifIlookaround嗯……你们不介意我到处瞧瞧lookover批阅,翻阅Yes,sowehadbetterlookoveryourspecifications.是的,所以我们最好先把您的规格说明细看一遍。lookthrough阅读,细致地检查lookto负责,留意Themorewomenlookintheirglass,thelesstheylooktotheirhouse.妇女照镜越多,照管家务就越少。lookup(从词典中)找出,天气转变,物价上涨,仰视tolookup仰视lookuptosb敬重某人lookdownonsb轻视某人lookdownuponsb轻视某人lookforward期盼IlookforwardtoseeingyouandHarryandMichelle.我等著见Harry和Michelle。maken.(产品)来源vt.制造It'sreallyhardtomakeadecision.挺难做确定的。makefor有助于,向…走过去makeout辩认出,理解,开(写)支票,假装makeup构成Iamoldenoughtomakeupmyownmind.我已经长大了,可以自己拿办法了。makeupfor补偿makeupof由...组成makephoneof讪笑,和某人开玩笑makethebestof充分利用makecertain弄清晰makeupone'smind确定,下决心makeupone'sminds决心,下决心maketea泡茶801.Sheintendstomaketeachingherprofession.她想以教书为职业。makecoffee冲咖啡makeoff逃跑,匆忙分开opena.开的;开放的vt.开Doestheshopopenat9amonweekdays这家店平日是早上9点开门吗？opentothepublic向公众开放Thetowngardensareopentothepublicfromsunrisetothesunsetdaily.市立公园每天从早到晚对公众开放。opentraffic通车openinto门翻开后通向opento道路通向Theroadbridgeisnowopentotraffic.这座马路桥如今开放通行。openup开垦openfireonsb.向某人开火openout翻开,转开passv.通过n.经过;通行证Evenifyoutaketheexamagain,youwon'tpassit.就算再考一次你也通不过。passaway消磨(时间)topassaway去世,死（委婉的说法）passby从某人身边经过,过去304.Don'tletchancespassby．不要让机遇从我们身边溜走。passoff消逝,顺当地进展passfor冒充,假扮passon传下去passthrough经验Wedon'tlikethemtopassthroughhere.我们不盼望汽车通过这里。pickn.风镐;牙签v.凿;摘;选择Ipickupmysisterfromherschool.我到学校接妹妹。pickout选择,认出(某人),领悟pickup捡起来,中途把某人装上车,复原安康Ipickupmysisterfromherschool.我到学校接妹妹。pullv.拖,拔,扯n.牵引topullatrailer拖汽车房屋（电影中常常见到）pulldown拆掉,推掉,使身体虚弱,使价格降低pulloff脱衣帽pulloffaplan实现支配pullout拔出,分开,度过难关,复原安康topulloutofthegarage从车库开车出来pullthrow渡过难关,使从病中复原过来pullup车子停下,拔起(树、草)putv.放;挪动;使穿过;写DoyouknowwhereI'veputmyglasses你知道我把眼镜搁哪儿了吗？putaway放下,收起来,把…放在原位595.Hehasanicesumofmoneyputaway．他存了一大笔钱。putaside把放在...留出(时间),备用putback放在原处,推延,延期52.Whentheothershadgone,Maryremainedandputbackthefurniture.当其别人走了之后,玛丽留下来,将家具放回原处。putdown镇压,写下来Heputdownhisglass.他放下杯子。putforward提出,提早,供应putin提交,申请(+for)Allisnotgainthatisputinthepurse.装进钱包里的不确定都是正值的收入。putoff推延,延期,消除,关上71.Neverputofftilltomorrowwhatyoucandotoday.今日事今日毕。puton穿上,上演putonabitofmakeup.我化一点妆。putthrough接通putout扑灭,关灯,消费,出版Farwaterdoesnotputoutnearfire.远水救不了近火。putup张贴,留某人过夜,建立ifwecanputupsomecollateral.假如我们能供应担保物的话putintoproduction把...投入消费putintouse投入运用putone'sheartinto一心一意投入runv.(使)跑n.赛跑;路途HecanrunasfastasJim.他跑的和吉姆一样快。runacross穿过(跪道),偶尔遇到runafter追逐torunafterthegentleman追求绅士runaway逃走,失去限制torunawayfromhissister从他姐姐那儿逃走（发生了什么事情？）rundown身体虚弱,电用完了runintosb遇到某人runfor竞选Whyshouldn'tyourunforwhat,Mom为什么不该竞选什么妈妈runout用完Well,IsupposeI'verunoutofexcuses.噢我想我再也找不出籍口了。runover匆忙阅读runthrough穿过,匆忙看一下,做完Let'sjustrunthroughtheargumentsforandagainst.我们来看一下赞成和反对的理由。runariskof=attheriskof冒...险runafever发烧runshortof缺乏seevt.看见;遇见;看出Hello.CanIseeMr.Green你好,我能见格林先生吗？seesboff为某人送行,辞退seeintosth调查,理解某事seeabout负责处理5.I'llhavetoseeaboutthat.这事儿我得想一想再定。seethrough看穿某人seesththrough进展究竟seetogetthat务必要sendvt.vi.送,寄发;派遣Tomakeitfast,youcansendafax.要想快点的话就发个。sendfor派某人去请,去叫某人sendoff发出,寄出sendsboff=seesb.off为某人送行,辞退sendout发出,放射sendin交上去,递送sendon转交Icansendoneforyoutotry.我们可以寄个给你试用。setvi.(日,月)落,vt.放WearegoingupstairstosetupGrandpa'sroom.我们要上楼整理一下爷爷的房间。setaboutsth着手做某事setaboutdoingsth着手做某事setout动身,开场做某事,陈述24.Afterseveraldelays,hefinallysetoutat8o'clock.几经耽误,他最终在八点钟动身了。setapart分别,流出setaside流出,宣布…无效Inthatcase,I'llhavesomesetasideforyou.既然这么说,我会为你留一些下来。setdown放下,写下setoff动身setup建立WearegoingupstairstosetupGrandpa'sroom.我们要上楼整理一下爷爷的房间。setfireto放火烧setanexamplefor为某人树立典范startvi.跳起;动身;开场Whattimedoyoustartwork你什么时候开场工作？startfrom从...开场startwith就此开场toscheduleonehouraweek--tostartwith.支配一星期一个小时。startin开场startaftersb.追逐上某人startoff动身动身startout着手进展startup开工,突然站起来attheverystart一开场takevt.消耗(时间);须要Iusedtotakeawalkintheearlymorning.我过去常一大早出去漫步。takeaway拿走,分开20.Iwanttotakeawaythebookwhichyoushowedmeyesterday.我想带走你昨天给我看的那本书。takeback拿回来takebackone'swords收回(刚讲的话)takeAforB把A误认为是Btakeinsth承受takeinsb欺瞒takeoff起飞,取消Beforegold,evenkingstakeofftheirhats.在黄金面前,国王也要脱帽。takeon呈现,担当TheU.S.willtakeoneroute,theJapantakeother.美国和日本实行不同的新途径。takeonsb雇用takeup占据(时间,地方),从事于takepridein=beproudof引以为豪taketurn轮番takeinturn依次takepainstodo努力做某事takeachance碰运气takealead带头takeeffect生效takechargeof负责takeone'sleave告辞thinkv.思索;认为;想起Yes,Ithinkso.是的,我认为是。thinkabout考虑,关切Whatdoyouthinkaboutit你对此怎么看？thinkof想起,记得,觉得怎样Whatdoyouthinkoftheirskill你觉得他们演奏技术如何？thinkofas把...当作...thinkover细致考虑thinkout想出,解决了,想清晰thinkbackto回想过去thinkwellof高度评价thinkhighlyof高度评价throwv.投射;摔倒n.投掷tothrowaplane抛（纸）飞机throwabout到处扔throwaway扔掉,奢侈(金钱),失去(时机)throwback扔回来,阻挡,进攻throwdown扔下来,推翻withinastonesthrowoff靠...很近throwin扔,扔进throwinto扔,扔进throwinawordortwo插一两句话throwoff匆忙地脱掉,摆脱,扔掉throwoffone'sairs放下某人的架子throwon匆忙穿上throwout赶走Don'tthrowoutthebabywiththebathwater.切勿良莠不分一起抛。throwlighton供应线索,有助理解某事throwone'sselfinto投入throwcoldwater泼冷水turnv.转向,旋转n.轮番Openyourbooksandturntopage20.翻开书,翻到第20页。turnback翻回到+toturndown回绝,音量调低turnup音量调高,出席L:Youcanfillinthislostpropertyreport,andI'llkeepmyeyeoutforit.Thosekindsofthingsusuallyturnupeventually,butIsuggestyoucontactyourembassyandtellthemaboutyoursituation,sotheycanissueyouanewpassportincaseitdoesn'tshowup.管理员：你来填这张遗失报告表,我会替你留意的。像这样的东西,最终总是会出现的。但我建议你跟你们的大使馆联络并把你的情形告知他们。万一你的护照找不到的话,他们会给你补发新护照的。turnin上交Pleaseturninyourpaperbeforeleaving.请在分开前将论文交上。turnoneselfin自首turninto把...变成...,把...翻译成...turnout结果是,制造出,消费出,培育出,关(煤气)50.Howdidthegameturnout球赛结果如何？turnover移交,把...打翻turnto转向,求助于,翻到第几页Openyourbooksandturntopage20.turntosbforhelp求助于turnagainst背叛turnbyone's轮番,交替inone'sturn轮到某人做某事itisone'sturntodosth轮到某人做某事wearv.穿,戴,磨损,耐久Whatwillyouwearfortheparty晚会上你穿什么？wearsbout使某人精疲力尽wearsthout使某物被穿破wearoff渐渐地消逝掉,褪掉wearaway磨掉,(时间)消逝wearon(时间)消逝workvi.(机器等)运转;活动I'llworkforthenext5days.我要工作5天（从明天算起）workon从事于某项工作I'llworkonmycomputer.我要练电脑。workonaproblem从事于某项工作workout算出（总数）toworkoutasum算出总数带来好结果；有预期的结果Thingswillworkthemselvesout.事情会有好结果的。运动；熬炼toworkoutdailywithsparringpartner每天和拳击陪练员练习Icouldworkoutinyourclasswithnoproblem.假如我去你的班上做运动确定不会觉得有问题。（矿山）开采完，采尽workat在做...Istartworkat8o'clock.我八点开场工作。workinwith协作workup准备workin编进去Yes.I'madesigner,andIworkinaboutique.是的我是位设计师我在一家服装店工作。Writingskills1、常用与开头的短语、句式（1）withthe（rapidly）growingpopularityof（computers/privatecars）inChina，thequalityofourliveshasbeenconsiderablychanged。（2）Withthe（rapid）growthof（oureconomy/population），manyproblemssuchas（watershortages/wasteofenergy/lackofprofessionalsandchaoticmanagement）arebeginningtosurface（3）Withthedevelopmentof（scienceandtechnology/marketeconomy），moreandmore/anincreasingnumberofpeoplecometorealizethat…（4）Currentlythereisawidespread/seriousconcernover(illegalpublication/drugabuse/negativeinfluenceofwesterncultures).（5）Nowadays,aheateddebated/discussionabout…isunderwayinChina.somepeoplebelievethat…,whereasothersarguethat…（6）Therearesomereasonsforowning(privatecars/personalcomputers).Tobeginwith,…Next,…Last,…Thereare,ontheotherhand,manyreasonsagainstit,First,…Second,…Finally,…（7）Therearemanyadvantagesanddisadvantagesin(owningacar).（8）Therearevarious/atleastthreeways/possibletechniques/problems/methodstodosomething（9）Smoking/Alcoholicbeverageshouldbebannedfromcollegecampusesfortoereasons.Thefirstreasonisthat…Thesecondreasonisthat…/Ontheonehand,…Ontheotherhand,…（10）Thepossiblesolutionsof(theenergycrisis/watershortages/thesesocialproblems)dependonthreefactors…（11）Thetowmajorreasonsresponsiblefor(therapideconomicgrowth/thewidespreadoffakeproducts)are…2．常用于结尾的短语、句式（1）Itishopedthatweshouldplacemuchemphasison/paymoreattentionto。。。（2）Toconclude，wecanseethat（thebestway/thepossiblesolution）is。。。（3）Inshort，（shortagesofwater，decreaseoffertilefieldsandenvironmentalpollution）arethemajorproblemstobesolvedto（increaserainproduction）。（4）Inordertomakeourworldabetterplaceinwhichtoliveweshouldmakegreateffortsto。。。（5）Inaword，therearethreesuggestionswemustfollow，onlyinthiswaycanwe（achieveagreatsuccess）。（6）Itistimeforustotakeanactivepartin。。。（7）Letusworkhandinhandinhandto（solvethesesocialproblems）3．陈述或论证观点、看法（view，point，opinion）、缘由（reason、cause）、方法、手段、措施、步骤。。。。。。（method，means，measures，step。。。）、因素（factor）、利弊、优缺点（advantage，disadvantage）时常用的词语、句式：（1）引述段落提出问题时常用的句式、词语：。。。。的缘由有很多。Therearemanyreasonswhy。。。。。。。的缘由如下；Thereasonswhy。。。areasfollows我的看法是。。。。Myopinionisthat（2）绽开段落论证时常用的句式、词语：①、第一层次（首先）First，Firstly，Inthefirstplace，Firstofall，Tobeginwith，Foronething。我的第一理由是。。。Myfirstreasonisthat。。。主要因素是。。。。Themainfactoristhat。。。②第二层次（其次）Second，Secondly，IntheSecondplace，Next，Then，Foranother，另一种方法是。。。Anothermeansof。。。istodo。。第二种解决方法是。。。thesecondsolutionisthat。。。③第三层次（第三点）Third，thirdly，besides，inaddition，furthermore，whatismoreimportant（3）总结性段落常用句式、词语：最终一点last，lastly，finally，inthelastplace，lastofall，inshort，inbrief简言之inaword，insummary，tosumup总之，inconclusion，onthewhole，altogether，inall因此，so，thus，hence，therefore。Consequently，fortheereasons结果，inconsequence，asaresult由此可见。。。itwillbeseenfromitthat如上所述，我们可以得出结论。。。ashasbeensaidabove，wecanconclude/makeaconclusion/drawaconclusion/reachaconclusioncomet