Unit4BreakingBoundaries知识点梳理清单高中英语选择性

高中英语选择性必修第二册Unit4BreakingBoundaries知识点梳理核心词汇1.assistv．协助，帮助【单句语法填空】Asanassistant,heassiststheprofessorwiththeexperiment.Andhisassistancemakestheexperimenteasiertodo.(assist)Youwillbeemployedtoassistin/withthedevelopmentofnewequipment.Theguidemanagedtoassistthetouriststofind(find)afortablehoteltolivein.【一句多译】在老师的帮助下，我逐渐适应了学校生活。Withtheassistanceofmyteacher,Igraduallyadjustedtotheschoollife.(介词短语)Assistedbymyteacher,Igraduallyadjustedtotheschoollife.(分词作状语)【要点归纳】（1）assistsbindoingsth/todosth帮助某人做某事assist(sb)with/insth帮助(某人)某事（2）assistancen.帮助；协助withtheassistanceof...在……的帮助下beofassistancetosb有助于某人turntosbforassistance向某人求助（3）assistantn.助手，助理；售货员2.vitaladj.极其重要的，必不可少的【单句语法填空】(2019·天津卷)Understandinghistoryisvitaltounderstanding(understand)ourselvesasapeopleandasanation.What'smore,somedrivers,cyclistsandpedestriansdonotthinkitvitaltoobey(obey)trafficrules.【补全句子】（3）Besides,it'svitalthatyou(should)mindyourtablemannersinChinawhenyouattendadinnerparty.此外，在中国，当你参加晚宴时，注意餐桌礼仪是至关重要的。【要点归纳】bevitalfor/tosth对……极为重要beofvitalimportanceto...对……至关重要Itisvitalthatsb(should)dosth.……是极重要的。3.relievev．给(某人)换班；解除；减轻，缓解(疼痛或不快的感觉)；调剂，使有趣【单句语法填空】Yoursuggestionsarehelpfultomebecausetheyrelievemeofmypressurefromschoolwork.Wewererelieved(relieve)tohearthatshewasoutofdanger.Seeinghersonreturnhomesafely，shesmiledinrelief(relieve)．一句多译令父母感到宽慰的是，孩子们安全地到家了。Totheparents'relief,theirchildrenarrivedathomesafely.Tothereliefoftheparents,theirchildrenarrivedathomesafely.【要点归纳】relievesbof...解除某人的(负担、职务等)reliefn.减轻，缓解；宽慰，轻松toone'srelief＝tothereliefofsb令某人感到欣慰的是inrelief如释重负；松了口气Itisarelieftodosth.做某事很放心/舒心。（3）relievedadj.感到宽慰的，放心的4pensatev．弥补，补偿【单句语法填空】Theinsurancepanywillpensateyouforyourlossinthedisaster.Hereceivedalargesumofmoneyaspensation(pensate)forhislossinthefire.【补全句子】（3）Nothingcanpensateforthelossoftime.没有什么能弥补失去的时间。【要点归纳】pensatefor赔偿，补偿pensatesbforsth因为某事补偿某人pensationn.补偿，赔偿；赔偿金，补偿金5.collaboratev．合作，协作【单句语法填空】Wehavecollaboratedcloselywiththeuniversityonmanyprojectsforovertenyears.Thetwopaniesareworkinginclosecollaboration(collaborate)witheachother.【补全句子】（3）Weattachgreatimportancetotheclosecollaborationwithyourpany.我们非常重视与贵公司的密切合作。【要点归纳】collaboratewithsbonsth和某人在某事上合作collaboratewithsbindoingsth和某人合作做某事collaborationn.合作，协作incollaborationwith与……合作6.rewardingadj.值得做的；有益的；有意义的；有报酬的【单句语法填空】(2020·浙江卷)FromBellevue'ssuccess,wecanlearnitisrewarding(reward)totrynewthings.(2021·全国乙卷)Tomanypeople,savinglivesispartofthejobbutstylinghairisanextraandshouldberewarded(reward)．【翻译句子】（3）我很乐意带你游玩北京，以报答你的慷慨相助。I'mmorethanwillingtoshowyouaroundBeijinginrewardfor/asarewardforyourgeneroushelp.【要点归纳】rewardv.酬谢；奖励，奖赏n.奖金；回报；报酬rewardsbfor(doing)sth因(做)某事而奖赏/酬谢某人rewardsbwithsth用某物奖赏/回报某人inrewardfor为奖赏……；为报答……asarewardfor作为对……的奖赏/回报7.dedicatev．致力于，献身于【单句语法填空】ZhongNanshanfeltthatmedicinewasthemostimportantcausethathecoulddedicatehimselfto.Chinawillcontinuetobededicatedtopromoting(promote)internationalcooperationinthisarea.Theteacher'sdedication(dedicate)toteachinggainedtherespectofallhisstudents.【一句多译】50多年来，樊锦诗一直致力于保护和研究莫高窟。（4）FanJinshihasdedicatedherselftoprotectingandresearchingtheMogaoCavesformorethan50years.（5）FanJinshihasbeendedicatedtoprotectingandresearchingtheMogaoCavesformorethan50years.【要点归纳】dedicateoneselfto(doing)sth致力于(做)某事，献身于(做)某事dedicatedadj.献身的；专心致志的；一心一意的bededicatedto(doing)sth致力于(做)某事，献身于(做)某事（3）dedicationn.献身，奉献8.invain白白地【用in的相关短语填空】Everyoneisbuyingmoreclothesbutingeneralwearenotspendingmoremoneyonthem.Shelovesthesonginparticular,becausehermotherusedtosingit.（3）Iknowyouhavemuchtime.Pleasetellusaboutthenewsindetail.【补全句子】（4）Alleffortswillbeinvainifwecan'tlearnEnglishbypractisingrepeatedly.如果我们不能通过反复练习来学习英语，所有的努力都将是徒劳的。【要点归纳】ingeneral总的来说；通常indetail详细地indanger处于危险中inparticular特别地；尤其9.influentialadj.有影响力的【单句语法填空】Confuciusisconsideredtobeoneofthemostinfluential(influence)figuresinChinesehistory.(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)Totesttheeffectofsocialinfluenceon/uponeatinghabits,theresearchersconductedtwoexperiments.Undertheinfluenceofahighschoolbiologyteacher,hetookupthestudyofmedicine.Whatinfluencedyoutochoose(choose)acareerinnursing?【补全句子】（5）WatchingTVforalongtimehasagreatinfluenceon/uponchildren'shealth.长时间看电视对孩子的健康有很大的影响。【要点归纳】beinfluentialin(doing)sth对(做)某事有影响influencen.影响，作用v.影响，对……起作用haveaninfluenceon/upon对……有影响undertheinfluenceof...在……的影响下influencesbtodosth影响某人去做某事词性转换1．assistv．协助，帮助→assistancen．帮助→assistantn．助手adj.助理的2．vitaladj.极其重要的→vitallyadv.极其；绝对3．tragicadj.悲惨的，不幸的→tragicallyadv.悲惨地→tragedyn．悲剧；不幸4．relievev．给(某人)换班；使减轻；缓解→reliefn．(痛苦或忧虑的)减轻或解除5．specialistn．专家→specialadj.特殊的→speciallyadv.专门地6．realisticadj.(目标、希望)能够实现的→realadj.真实的→realityn．现实7．minorityn．少数派；少数→minoradj.较小的；次要的8．inclusiveadj.包容广阔的→includev．包括→inclusionn．包括；包含9．rewardingadj.值得做的，有意义的→rewardv．&n．奖励；奖赏10．civiladj.公民的，国民的→civilianadj.平民的，百姓的11．slaven．奴隶→slaveryn．奴隶制12．unionn．联邦→unitev．(使)联合；(使)团结→unitedadj.联合的；统一的13．divisionn．分歧，分裂→dividev．分开14．libertyn．自由→liberatev．解放→liberationn．解放15．noblyadv.高尚地，崇高地→nobleadj.崇高的，高尚的16．influentialadj.有影响力的→influencen．&v．影响17．munistadj.共产主义的→munismn．共产主义18．devotionn．奉献→devotev．献身；专心于→devotedadj.忠实的；深爱的19．harmoniousadj.融洽的，和睦的→harmonyn．融洽，和谐重点短语1．anaturalboundary天然边界2．thebabyclinic婴儿门诊3．twinsisters双胞胎姐妹，孪生姐妹4．thehistoryofmankind人类历史5．casttheleadingactress选派女主角6．takeanychances心存侥幸，冒险7．radesinarms朋友，同事(尤指战争期间的)战友8．put...atrisk把……置于危险中9．againstallodds尽管凶多吉少，尽管极其困难10．becaughtupin被困在……中，被卷入……11．nottomention更不用说12．stepintoone'sshoes接替某人13．inmemoryof为了纪念14．atagreatcost以巨大的代价15．lookto展望；指望；注意16．bringforth使产生，使出现17．engagein从事，参与18．inalargersense从更大的意义上来说19．invain白白地重点句型一、句型公式：Itis/hasbeen＋一段时间＋since...【单句语法填空】IthasbeenthreeyearssinceIgraduated(graduate)fromcollege.Itwillbesometimebeforeeveryoneaccepts(accept)hisidea.ItwasalreadymidnightwhenIreturnedhomefrommyofficelastnight.Itisusuallyat5：30pmthatthestudentsbegintohavesportsatschool.【句型转换】（5）Ihavebeenlearningwoodcarvingforhalfayear.→Itis/hasbeenhalfayearsinceIbegantolearnwoodcarving.（6）Afterashorttime,we'lladapttothenewenvironment.→Itwillbeashorttimebeforeweadapttothenewenvironment.【要点归纳】Itis/hasbeen＋时间段＋since...意为“自从……以来已有一段时间了”。since引导的时间状语从句常用一般过去时。Itwas＋时间段＋before...过了多久才……Itwasnotlong＋before...没过多久就……Itwill(not)be＋时间段＋before...要过多久才……/不久就……It＋is/was＋时间状语＋that＋其他Itis/was＋时间点＋when引导的定语从句或时间状语从句【注意】since引导的从句中的动词常用非延续性动词，翻译时是肯定的，表示“自从……以来已有多久了”。It'sbeenamonthsinceIcametothisnewschool.自从我来到这所新学校已经有一个月了。since引导的从句中的动词若为延续性动词，则翻译是否定的，即动作发生时间的起点应从从句动作结束时算起，表示“自从某动作结束以来已有多久了”。It'salreadyayearsincehelivedhere.自从他不住在这儿以来已有一年了。hear＋宾语＋宾语补足语【例句】Asshetalked,Icouldhearatleastthreedifferentlanguagesbeingspokenatthetablesaroundus.她说话的时候，我能听到我们周围桌子上的人至少说了三种不同的语言。It/This/Thatisthefirsttime(that)．..意为“第一次……”，从句要用现在完成时【例句】ItisnotthefirsttimetheauthorhasworkedwithMSF.这不是作者第一次与无国界医生合作。重点语法第一步：单元思维导图回顾知识第二步：单元重难知识易混易错——it作形式主语一、用法由于主语从句过长，为了避免头重脚轻，常常用it做形式主语，而把主语从句放在句末，常用的主要有以下五种句型：1.It+be+形容词(clear/obvious/true/nature/surprising/good/wonderful/funny/possible/likely/probable/certain/fortunate)+that的主语从句……，意为“做……是……的。”Itwassurprisingthatshepassedthediffi