重庆市巴蜀学校高2025届高二（下）期末考试+英语试卷答案

第1页/共1页高2025届高二（下）期末考试英语试卷注意事项：1.答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号、班级、学校在答题卡上填写清楚。2.每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。在试卷上作答无效。3.考试结束后，请将答题卡交回，试卷自行保存。满分150分，考试用时120分钟。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.WhatwillMatthewdoontheweekend?A.Attendanexhibition.B.Enteracontest.C.VisitChina.2.Wheredothespeakerswanttogo?A.Toasupermarket.B.Toabank.C.Toarestaurant.3.Whenwillthemanseethefilm?A.At1:30p.m.B.At3:30p.m.C.At5:30p.m.4.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Anoisynight.B.Aplaceofliving.C.Theirsleepinghabits.5.Whydidthemancallthewomanlastnight?A.Togiveherfruits.B.Toinvitehertoaparty.C.Toaskforhercousin'snumber.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有2至4个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将5秒钟的时间阅读各个小题；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Howdoesthemanfeelaboutthewoman'ssuggestion?A.Abitdisappointed.B.Verysatisfied.C.Greatlysurprised.7.WhatwillthespeakersdoonFridayevening?A.Goshopping.B.Eatout.C.Pickuptheirchildren.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inahotel.B.Onaplane.C.Onalake.9.WhywillthemangotoChicago?A.Toattendameeting.B.Tovisithissister.C.Tostartuniversity.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Schoolfriends.B.Teacherandstudent.C.Librarianandlibraryuser.11.WhatdoesMichaelsayaboutthebook?A.It'ssoldatadiscountprice.B.It'simportantforMaria'sstudy.C.It'swrittenbyProfessorHughes.12.WhatwillMichaeldoforMaria?A.Sharehisbookwithher.B.Lendhersomemoney.C.AskNoahforhelp.听第9段材料,回答第13至16题。13.Whydoesthemanmeetthewoman?A.Tolookatanapartment.B.Tohaveamealtogether.C.Todeliversomefurniture.14.Whatdoesthemanlikeaboutthecarpet?A.Itsquality.B.Itssize.C.Itscolor.15.Whatdoesthemanthinkofthekitchen?A.It'swell-designed.B.It'swell-equipped.C.It'swell-painted.16.Whatwillthemanprobablydonext?A.Takeabus.B.Makeapayment.C.Talkwithhiswife.听第10段材料,回答第17至20题。17.Whydoesthespeakerorganizetheactivity?A.ToprepareforChildren'sDay.B.Tocelebratetheendoftheschoolyear.C.Towelcomechildrenintheneighborhood.18.Whatistheactivityforchildrenabout?A.Lookingforthehiddengifts.B.Hidingaroundthecenter.C.Havingagroupdiscussion.19.Whatarethechildrenrequiredtodobeforegoingout?A.Findtheflags.B.Writetheirnamesdown.C.Staytogetherwiththeirparents.20.Whowillgototheothersideofthecenter?A.Thepreschoolchildren.B.Thethird-gradechildren.C.Thefourth-gradechildren.第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。APostofExecutiveDirectoroftheAECCommitteeAsiaEconomicCooperation(AEC),with21MemberEconomies,isauniquecooperativeeconomicforumthathasbeensuccessfulinpromotingregionaleconomicgrowththroughtradeandinvestmentliberalization,andcapacitybuildingsinceitsfoundationin1989.Ithasachievedthisthroughopendialogue,trustbuildingandvoluntarycommitments.TheAECCommittee,basedinSingapore,fulfilsanimportantroleissupportingtheAECprocess,includingpolicy,technicalandcommunicationsservicestoanextensiverangeofshareholders.AECislookingforadynamicExecutiveDirectorfora3-yearterm(withtheoptionfora1-3yearextension)toleadtheCommitteefromJanuary2025.ThesuccessfulcandidateshouldbefromanAECMemberEconomyandmustpossessstrongleadershipqualities,publicsectorexperience,seniormanagementexperience,andorganizationaldevelopmentexperience,highpoliticalsensitivityandmultilateralworkexperience,preferablyintradeoreconomicrelatedareas.Thecandidateshouldalsohavemanagedmulti-culturalworkenvironment.Thecandidatemustindicatehowtheirexperienceandqualificationsmatchthoserequired.Extensivetravelisexpected.MoreinformationonAECcanbefoundatourwebsitewww.aec.org.Applicationsshouldreachusnolaterthan15July2024viae-mailhr-recruit@aec.orgormailedtotheHumanResourceDirector,AECCommittee,35HengMuiKengTerrace,Singapore119616.Yourapplicationmustindicatehowyourexperienceandqualificationsmatchthoserequired.Onlyshortlistedcandidateswillbenotified.1.WhatdoweknowabouttheTheAECCommittee?A.ItisbasedinSingapore. B.ItleadstheAECprocess.C.Itdealswithpoliticalissues. D.Ithas21MemberEconomies.2.Whatisrequiredofaqualifiedcandidate?A.Strongpoliticalbackground. B.High-levelleadershipexpertise.C.Advancedmulti-linguisticskills. D.Sharpenvironmentalawareness.3.Inwhichsectionofamagazinemaythistextappear?A.CoverStory. B.NewsUpdates.C.CareerOpportunities. D.VolunteeringInformation.【答案】1.A2.B3.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文，主要是亚洲经济合作委员会（AEC）发布的一则招聘启事，寻找一位具有强大领导力、公共部门经验、高级管理经验、组织发展经验、高度政治敏感性和多边工作经验的执行董事。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“TheAECCommittee,basedinSingapore,fulfilsanimportantroleissupportingtheAECprocess,includingpolicy,technicalandcommunicationsservicestoanextensiverangeofshareholders.(总部设在新加坡的AEC委员会在支持AEC进程方面发挥着重要作用，包括向广泛的股东提供政策、技术和沟通服务。)”可知，AEC委员会总部位于新加坡，故选A。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中“ThesuccessfulcandidateshouldbefromanAECMemberEconomyandmustpossessstrongleadershipqualities,publicsectorexperience,seniormanagementexperience,andorganizationaldevelopmentexperience,highpoliticalsensitivityandmultilateralworkexperience,preferablyintradeoreconomicrelatedareas.(成功的候选人必须来自AEC成员经济体，必须具有很强的领导才能，公共部门经验，高级管理经验，组织发展经验，高度的政治敏感性和多边工作经验，最好是在贸易或经济相关领域。)”可知，合格的候选人需要具有高水平的领导才能，故选B。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据文章标题“PostofExecutiveDirectoroftheAECCommittee(AEC委员会执行主任一职)”以及文章内容可知，本文是一篇招聘广告，所以它可能出现在杂志的“职业机会”栏目中，故选C。BAmywasadearlittlegirl,butsheoftentendedtowastetimeingettingreadytodohertasks,insteadofdoingthematonceassheoughtto.Inthevillageinwhichshelived,Mr.Thorntonkeptastorewherehesoldfruitofallkinds,includingberriesintheirseason.OnedayhesaidtoAmy,whoseparentswerequitepoor,“Wouldyouliketoearnsomemoney?”“Oh,yes,”repliedshe,“forIwantsomenewshoes,andpapahasnomoneytobuythemwith.”“Well,Amy,”saidMr.Thornton,“Inoticedsomefine,ripeblackberriesinMr.Green’sfieldtoday,andhesaidthatanybodywaswelcometothem.Iwillpayyouthirteencentsaquart(度量单位)forallyouwillpickforme”Amywasdelightedatthethoughtofearningsomemoney;sosheranhometogetabasket,intendingtogoimmediatelytopicktheberries.Thenshethoughtshewouldliketoknowhowmuchmoneyshewouldgetifshepickedfivequarts.Withthehelpofherslate(书写板)andpencil,shefoundoutthatshewouldgetsixty-fivecents.“ButsupposingIshouldpickadozenquarts,”thoughtshe,“howmuchshouldIearnthen?”“Dearme!”shesaid,afterfiguringawhile,“Ishouldearnadollarandfifty-sixcents.”AmythenfoundoutwhatMr.Thorntonwouldpayherforfifty,ahundred,andtwohundredquarts.Ittookhersometimetodothis,andthenitwassoneardinnertimethatshehadtostayathomeuntilafternoon.Assoonasdinnerwasover,shetookherbasketandhurriedtothefield.Someboyshadbeentherebeforedinner,andalltheripeberrieswerepicked.Shecouldnotfindenoughtofillaquartmeasure.4.WhydidMr.ThorntoninviteAmytopickberries?A.Tohelpherbuynewshoes. B.Tohelphermakesomemoney.C.Tohelphergetridofbadhabits. D.Tohelpherenterthefruitbusiness.5.WhatshouldAmydoifshewantedtoearnthemoney?A.Calculatehowmuchsheearned. B.Makeuseofherslateandpencil.C.Askforpermissionfromherparents. D.Getabasketandpickberriesquickly.6.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribethecharacterofAmy?A.Considerateandsmart. B.Reasonableandrealistic.C.Idealisticandimpractical. D.Unselfishandindependent.7.Whichonecanbethebesttitleofthestory?A.LostBlackberries. B.AGirlPickingBerries.C.HowMuchAmyCanEarn. D.TheMoneyAmyDidn’tEarn.【答案】4.B5.D6.C7.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一个叫Amy的小女孩，总是光想事不做事。一天，Mr.Thornton叫她去农场摘黑莓，告诉她这是一个挣钱的好机会，可是Amy迟迟不去，一直在算她能挣多少钱，最后等她到了农场发现，黑莓都被摘光了。【4题详解】公众号：高中试卷君细节理解题。根据第二段“Inthevillageinwhichshelived,Mr.Thorntonkeptastorewherehesoldfruitofallkinds,includingberriesintheirseason.OnedayhesaidtoAmy,whoseparentswerequitepoor,“Wouldyouliketoearnsomemoney?”(在她居住的村子里，桑顿先生开了一家商店，出售各种水果，包括当季的浆果。有一天，他对父母很穷的艾米说：“你想赚点钱吗？”)”可知，桑顿先生让艾米去摘浆果是为了让她赚点钱。故选B。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段““Well,Amy,”saidMr.Thornton,“Inoticedsomefine,ripeblackberriesinMr.Green’sfieldtoday,andhesaidthatanybodywaswelcometothem.Iwillpayyouthirteencentsaquart(度量单位)forallyouwillpickforme”(“嗯，艾米，”桑顿先生说，“我今天在格林先生的田里看到了一些又好又熟的黑莓，他说任何人都可以采摘。你帮我采摘一夸脱，我会付给你十三美分。”)”可知，如果艾米想赚钱，她应该拿一个篮子，快速采摘浆果。故选D。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Amywasadearlittlegirl,butsheoftentendedtowastetimeingettingreadytodohertasks,insteadofdoingthematonceassheoughtto.(艾米是一个可爱的小女孩，但她往往会浪费时间准备做事，而不是像她应该的那样立即完成它们。)”和倒数第二段“AmythenfoundoutwhatMr.Thorntonwouldpayherforfifty,ahundred,andtwohundredquarts.Ittookhersometimetodothis,andthenitwassoneardinnertimethatshehadtostayathomeuntilafternoon.(艾米随后得知桑顿先生愿意为她支付五十夸脱、一百夸脱和两百夸脱的酒钱。她花了不少时间才搞清楚，但此时已经快到晚餐时间了，她不得不待在家里直到下午)”可知，艾米只顾计算能挣多少钱，迟迟采取行动去摘黑莓，以至于最后黑莓被摘光了，由此可推知，艾米是理想化而不切实际的。故选C。【7题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了一个叫Amy的小女孩，总是光想事不做事。一天，Mr.Thornton叫她去农场摘黑莓，告诉她这是一个挣钱的好机会，可是Amy迟迟不去，一直在算她能挣多少钱，最后等她到了农场发现，黑莓都被摘光了，以至于最后没有挣到钱。D项“艾米没有赚到的钱。”适合作文章标题，故选D。CInanattempttoexploreunknownenvironments,aChineseteamcreatedanoctopus(章鱼)—inspiredflexibleroboticarmcapableofsensingandcontrollingobjectsinlimitedspacesandunderwater.AccordingtothestudypublishedinthelatesteditionofScienceRobotics,therobotallowedblindfoldedhumanoperatorstoguideitsarm,usingsuckers(吸盘)topickupvariousobjects,includingatoysharkandasmoothmetalball,viaasingle-fingerglove.Thisnewinventioncreatedbyateamofresearchers,ledbyWenLifromBeihangUniversitywasinspiredbytheoctopus,whichmovesitssoftarmstocatchitsgameswithsensitivesuckers.Asimplestrategylikethiscanbeusedasamodelforroboticgrasping,controllablewithafewinputs,aswellasahighlydeformablearmwithsensingcapabilities.Wen’steamfixedelectronicsandcircuitsintotherobotswhilemaintainingtheirdeformability.Theresearcherspresentedastretchableelectronics-integratedsoftoctopusarmwith16air-drivendevicesandmultipledegreesoffreedom.Therobot'sstretchableliquid-metal-basedelectroniccircuitcanstandsuperstretchingforcetoperformtasksautonomouslyinalimitedenvironment,findingsfromthestudyshowed.Thesoftarmwithtworowsofsensorysuckingcupsthatconnectwiththewearer'sfingercanperformareaching-grasping-returningmotionacrossarangeofupto1.5timesitsoriginalarmlength,similartothebiologicalcounterpart(对应方),thestudyrevealed.“Thisroboticmodelprovidesnewprospectsanddevelopmentideasforthefutureinteractiveapplicationsofflexiblerobots,includingmedicalrobots,seabedexplorationrobots,andsoon”saidtheexpert.8.Whatinspiredtheinventionoftheroboticarmaccordingtothepassage?A.Thelimitedspacesunderwater.B.Thespecialbiologicalstructureoftheoctopus.C.Thedesiretoexplorethelivingenvironmentofoctopus.D.TheteamworkoftheresearchersfromBeihangUniversity.9.What'sthemeaningoftheunderlinedword“deformable”inparagraph4?APowerful. B.Changeable. C.Steady. D.Active.10.Whichdeviceisintegratedintotherobot?A.Plasticcircuits. B.Suckersofoctopuses.CElectronicsensors. D.Armsofoctopuses.11.Whatdotheexpertsimplyinthelastparagraph?A.Octopusisaverymagicunderwatercreature.B.Creativityplaysaveryimportantpartinscience.C.Theunknownworldofferspossibilityforinnovation.D.Oneinventioncanbringaboutachainreactionofbreakthroughs.【答案】8.B9.B10.C11.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了中国团队创造了一种受章鱼启发的柔性机械臂，够在有限的空间和水下感应和控制物体。【8题详解】细节理解题。文章第三段讲到“Thisnewinventioncreatedbyateamofresearchers,ledbyWenLifromBeihangUniversitywasinspiredbytheoctopus,whichmovesitssoftarmstocatchitsgameswithsensitivesuckers.(这项由北航大学的温丽领导的研究小组创造的新发明受到了章鱼的启发，章鱼会移动柔软的手臂，用敏感的吸盘捕捉游戏)”可知，根据文章，章鱼的特殊生物结构激发了机械臂的发明。故选B。【9题详解】词义猜测题。文章第五段讲到“Wen’steamfixedelectronicsandcircuitsintotherobotswhilemaintainingtheirdeformability.Theresearcherspresentedastretchableelectronics-integratedsoftoctopusarmwith16air-drivendevicesandmultipledegreesoffreedom.(温的团队在保持机器人变形能力的同时，将电子器件和电路固定在机器人上。研究人员展示了一种可拉伸的电子集成软章鱼手臂，该手臂具有16个空气驱动装置和多个自由度)”可知，这种机器人的手臂是一种可拉伸的电子集成软章鱼手臂，这个手臂是软的，可变形的，因此划线单词所在句子的意思是“像这样的简单策略可以用作机器人抓取的模型，只需少量输入即可控制，也可以用作具有传感能力的高度变形手臂”。因此，第四段中带下划线单词的含义是“可变的”。故选B。【10题详解】细节理解题。文章倒数第二段讲到“Thesoftarmwithtworowsofsensorysuckingcupsthatconnectwiththewearer'sfingercanperformareaching-grasping-returningmotionacrossarangeofupto1.5timesitsoriginalarmlength,similartothebiologicalcounterpart(对应方),thestudyrevealed.(柔软的手臂上有两排与佩戴者手指相连的感觉吸盘，可以在高达1的范围内进行伸手抓地的返回动作。研究显示，它是原来臂长的5倍，与生物对应物相似。)”可知，电子传感器集成到机器人中。故选C。【11题详解】推理判断题。文章最后一段讲到“ Thisroboticmodelprovidesnewprospectsanddevelopmentideasforthefutureinteractiveapplicationsofflexiblerobots,includingmedicalrobots,seabedexplorationrobots,andsoon(该机器人模型为未来柔性机器人的交互应用提供了新的前景和发展思路，包括医疗机器人、海底探测机器人等)”可知，专家们在最后一段中的意思是：一项发明可以带来突破的连锁反应。故选D。DSomesongsmightspeaktoyoursoulevenifyoudon'tknowthewords.ThealmostmagicalwaythatmusicreflectsandinfluencesouremotionsledAmericanpoetHenryWadsworthLongfellowtodeclareitthe“universallanguageofmankind”.Buthowuniversalisitreally?Ateamofmorethanadozenresearchersandcountlessundergraduatessetouttocollectandinterpretdescriptionsandrecordingsofmusicalperformancesaroundtheworld.Theirfirstfinding:Musicisindeeduniversal.Oratleaststatisticalmodelingstronglysuggeststhatmorethan99%ofsocietieshavemusic.Then,theyanalyzedthesongdescriptionsforsixtyverydifferentsocietiesandlookedatdifferentqualitiesrelatedtosongperformance.Astheyclassifiedthesongs,theyfoundthatthreedimensions(方面)accountedformorethanaquarterofthevariabilitybetweensongs.Thefirstwashowformalorinformalasongwas.Songshighinformalityhadlargeaudiencesandlotsofinstruments,ofteninvolvedceremonialevents,andfrequentlyhadadult-onlyaudiences.Informaleventshadsmalleraudiences,includingchildren,ornoaudienceatall.Thesecondwashowarousingasongwastoitslisteners.Livelyeventsinvolvinglotsofdancingwerehighonthisdimension,whilealowvaluereflectedacalmerevent,likesomeonesingingtothemselvesorababy.Thelastwashowreligioussongwas.Songsusedinceremonieswerehighinreligiosity,whilethosewithoutaspiritualcontextscoredlow.Theresearchersappliedtheirfindingstofourwidespreadcategoriesofmusic:lullabies(摇篮),dancesongs,lovesongsandhealingsongs,andfoundcleartrend.Mostdancewashighlyarousingandformal,butlowinreligiosity.Lullabiesweremostlylowinformalityandlowinarousal.Andhealingsongsscoredhighinalldimensionswhilelovesongswerelowinalldimensions.Evenmoreinteresting,thedistributionofthesebehaviorswassimilarinallsocietiesstudied.Scholarssaythattheirdatabasecouldfuelfutureresearchintoevenmoreinspiringquestionsaboutmusicuniversals.Andtheirmethodmightbeusedtopickoutpatternsinotherhard-to-analyzefields,likestorytellingorvisualart.12.Howwastheresearchconducted?A.Bymakingcomparisonandcontrast. B.Byfindingsimilarities.C.Bycollectingandanalyzingdata. D.Byillustratingexamples.13.Whichkindofmusicmayinvolvethemostaudiencesandinstruments?A.Lullabies. B.Dancesongs. C.Lovesongs. D.Healingsongs.14.Howisthefutureoftheirresearchfindingsaccordingtothescholars?A.Promising. B.Unpredictable. C.Impractical. D.Limited.15.Whatcanbeconcludedfromthepassage?A.Songscanspeaktoyoursoulonlyifyouknowtheirwords.B.Differencesinformalityleadtothevariabilitybetweensongs.C.Musicisclassifiedbythenumberofaudienceandinstruments.D.Researchontheuniversalsofmusiccanhelpexploreotherfields.【答案】12.C13.B14.A15.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究人员对音乐普遍性进项了分析和研究。音乐普遍性具有启发性，也有助于探索其他领域。【12题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“Ateamofmorethanadozenresearchersandcountlessundergraduatessetouttocollectandinterpretdescriptionsandrecordingsofmusicalperformancesaroundtheworld.(一个由十几名研究人员和无数本科生组成的团队开始收集和解读世界各地音乐表演的描述和录音)”以及第三段“Astheyclassifiedthesongs,theyfoundthatthreedimensions(方面)accountedformorethanaquarterofthevariabilitybetweensongs.(当他们对歌曲进行分类时，他们发现三个维度占歌曲之间可变性的四分之一以上)”可推知，研究是通过收集和分析数据进行的。故选C。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“Songshighinformalityhadlargeaudiencesandlotsofinstruments,ofteninvolvedceremonialevents,andfrequentlyhadadult-onlyaudiences.(高度正式的歌曲有大量的观众和大量的乐器，通常涉及仪式活动，而且通常只有成人观众)”以及第四段“Mostdancewashighlyarousingandformal,butlowinreligiosity.(大多数舞蹈都很有煽动性，很正式，但宗教信仰很低)”可推知，舞曲可能涉及最多的观众和乐器。故选B。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Scholarssaythattheirdatabasecouldfuelfutureresearchintoevenmoreinspiringquestionsaboutmusicuniversals.Andtheirmethodmightbeusedtopickoutpatternsinotherhard-to-analyzefields,likestorytellingorvisualart.(学者们表示，他们的数据库可以推动未来对音乐普遍性更具启发性的问题的研究。他们的方法可能被用来挑选其他难以分析的领域的模式，比如讲故事或视觉艺术)”可推知，学者们认为，他们的研究结果是很有前景的。故选A。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Scholarssaythattheirdatabasecouldfuelfutureresearchintoevenmoreinspiringquestionsaboutmusicuniversals.Andtheirmethodmightbeusedtopickoutpatternsinotherhard-to-analyzefields,likestorytellingorvisualart.(学者们表示，他们的数据库可以推动未来对音乐普遍性更具启发性的问题的研究。他们的方法可能被用来挑选其他难以分析的领域的模式，比如讲故事或视觉艺术)”可推知，对音乐普遍性的研究有助于探索其他领域。故选D。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Howtopickthebestplaceforamuch-neededrefreshment?Ifyou’relikemostpeople,asimpleclueislikelytovaryyourchoice.Youwilllookforthebusiestrestaurantwiththemostdinersbecauseitspopularityisboundtoreflectonthequalityoffoodandservice.___16___Earlydinerswithnomeaningfulcluesastowhichrestauranttochoosemayhavepickedtheireveningeateryatrandom,forexampleselectingtheplacewiththenicestnameorthesmiliestwaiter.Thefollowingpassers-bymayhavemisinterpretedtheirrestaurantchoiceasawell-informeddecisionandblindlyfollowedtheirexample.___17___Ever-increasingnumbersofcustomerswereattractedtotherestaurantinquestion,whichcouldhaveledtoabaddinnerchoiceinanovercrowdedrestaurant.Voluntarilycopyingotherpeople’sthoughtsorchoicesorsimplygoingwiththecrowdisoftenreferredtoas“herdbehaviour.”Itisafrequentoccurrenceamongsthumansaswellasmanyotheranimals,acommonexamplebeingsheep.___18___Inanearlierarticle,Idiscussedtheso-called“wisdomofcrowds”,whichsuggeststhataveragejudgementsoflargegroupsofpeopleoftenoutperformindividualchoices.Furthermore,followingthecrowdappearstoofferprotectionandcomfort.___19___Finally,followingtheherdreducestheeffortneededtomakeapersonaloruniquedecision.___20___Contrarytotheso-called“wisdomofcrowds”,herdbehaviourstypicallyrelyonso-called“informationcascades(瀑布)”,wherepeopletakeonothers’beliefsorcopytheirchoiceswithoutcriticallyappraisingtheunderlyingreasons.Thisfrequentlyleadstotheimitationofunreasonableorsimplystupidbehaviours.A.Butisthistrue?B.Itisthereforeaneasyoption.C.Afterall,there’s“safetyinnumbers”.D.Herdingcanappeartomakealotofsense.E.Thiscouldhaveresultedinasnow-ballingeffect.F.Herdbehaviours,whileeasytoexplain,holdsignificantdangers.G.Thenumberofdinersisunlikelytoindicatethequalityofthemeal.【答案】16.A17.E18.D19.C20.F【解析】【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了跟随他人行为的问题，包括在选择餐馆时随意跟随人群的不良影响，并解释了“从众”行为的危险性。【16题详解】上文“Howtopickthebestplaceforamuch-neededrefreshment?Ifyou’relikemostpeople,asimpleclueislikelytovaryyourchoice.Youwilllookforthebusiestrestaurantwiththemostdinersbecauseitspopularityisboundtoreflectonthequalityoffoodandservice(如何挑选一个最适合休息的地方？如果你和大多数人一样，一个简单的线索可能会改变你的选择。你会寻找最繁忙、食客最多的餐厅，因为它的受欢迎程度必然会反映在食物和服务的质量上)”指出了人们在挑选餐馆时会跟随他人的行为，下文“Ever-increasingnumbersofcustomerswereattractedtotherestaurantinquestion,whichcouldhaveledtoabaddinnerchoiceinanovercrowdedrestaurant.(越来越多的顾客被这家餐厅吸引，这可能会导致在过度拥挤的餐厅中出现糟糕的晚餐选择。)”指出，食客多、繁忙的餐厅晚餐也可能不好；A项“但这是真的吗？”承上启下，下文对此问题作出了回答，“this”指代上文陈述的内容。故选A。【17题详解】上文“Earlydinerswithnomeaningfulcluesastowhichrestauranttochoosemayhavepickedtheireveningeateryatrandom,forexampleselectingtheplacewiththenicestnameorthesmiliestwaiter.Thefollowingpassers-bymayhavemisinterpretedtheirrestaurantchoiceasawell-informeddecisionandblindlyfollowedtheirexample.(早起的食客对于选择哪家餐厅没有任何有意义的线索，他们可能会随机选择晚餐餐厅，例如选择名字最好听的餐厅或笑容最灿烂的服务员。随后的路人可能会误解他们的餐厅选择是明智的决定，并盲目地效仿他们的做法)”指出人们在选择餐厅时只是根据名字最好听或笑容最灿烂的服务员等来选择，这是没有任何意义的，这导致其他人误解他们的选择是明智的，进而盲目跟随，下文“Ever-increasingnumbersofcustomerswereattractedtotherestaurantinquestion,whichcouldhaveledtoabaddinnerchoiceinanovercrowdedrestaurant.(越来越多的顾客被这家餐厅吸引，这可能会导致在过度拥挤的餐厅中出现糟糕的晚餐选择。)”指出这种盲目跟风行为导致一种不良结果，由此可知，空处应引起下文，指出这种行为会产生不良后果，E项“这可能会产生滚雪球效应。”符合语境，选项中“snow-ballingeffect”与下文“Ever-increasingnumbersofcustomerswereattractedtotherestaurant”相对应。故选E。【18题详解】上文“Voluntarilycopyingotherpeople’sthoughtsorchoicesorsimplygoingwiththecrowdisoftenreferredtoas“herdbehaviour.”Itisafrequentoccurrenceamongsthumansaswellasmanyotheranimals,acommonexamplebeingsheep.(自愿模仿其他人的想法或选择，或者只是随波逐流通常被称为“从众行为”。这种行为在人类以及许多其他动物中经常发生，常见的例子就是绵羊。)”介绍了指出这种自愿模仿其他人的想法或选择，或者只是随波逐流通常被称为“从众行为”，下文“Inanearlierarticle,Idiscussedtheso-called“wisdomofcrowds”,whichsuggeststhataveragejudgementsoflargegroupsofpeopleoftenoutperformindividualchoices.Furthermore,followingthecrowdappearstoofferprotectionandcomfort.

(我在之前的一篇文章中讨论了所谓的“群体智慧”，该观点认为，大群体的平均判断往往优于个人选择。此外，随大流似乎能提供保护和安慰。)”指出这种行为所蕴含的智慧，由此可知，这种行为似乎很有道理，D项“从众行为看上去很有道理。”符合语境。故选D。【19题详解】上文“Furthermore,followingthecrowdappearstoofferprotectionandcomfort.(此外，随波逐流似乎能带来保护和安慰。)”指出从众似乎能带来保护和安慰，空处承接上文，对此作出解释，C项“毕竟，‘人多势众。”符合语境，“人多势众”这种心理使得人们感觉从众会带来保护和安慰，故选C。【20题详解】下文“Contrarytotheso-called“wisdomofcrowds”,herdbehaviourstypicallyrelyonso-called“informationcascades(瀑布)”,wherepeopletakeonothers’beliefsorcopytheirchoiceswithoutcriticallyappraisingtheunderlyingreasons.Thisfrequentlyleadstotheimitationofunreasonableorsimplystupidbehaviours.(与所谓的“群体智慧”相反，从众行为通常依赖于所谓的“信息瀑布”，即人们接受他人的信念或模仿他们的选择，而不批判性地评估其背后的原因。这经常导致模仿不合理或愚蠢的行为)”指出了从众心理的危害性，F项“从众行为虽然很容易解释，但却具有重大危险”符合语境，引起下文，故选F。第三部分语言应用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。At33,Ididsomethingbrave,orsomewouldsaystupid.I___21___Congress(国会).Foryears,Ihadexistedsafely___22___thescenesinpoliticsasanorganizer,butinmyheart,Ialwayswantedtorun.Thepolls(投票),however,toldavery___23___story.Ionlygot19percentofthevote.Despitetheresult,thiswasthefirsttimeinmyentirelifethatIhaddonesomethingthatwastrulybrave,whereIdidn’tworryaboutbeing___24___.In2012,Istartedacompanytoteachgirlstocode.Weimmediatelyseeourgirls’___25___ofnotbeingperfect.Whenthegirlsarefirstlearninghowtocode,she’llsay,“Idon’tknowwhat___26___towrite.”andshowsa___27___texteditor.Butiftheteacherpressesundoafewtimes,she’llseeherstudentwrotecodeandthen___28___it.Insteadofshowingthe___29___thatshemade,she’drathershownothingatall.Somepeopleworryaboutourbudgetdeficit(赤字),butIworryaboutour____30____deficit.Mostgirlsareraisedto____31____riskandfailure.Thisis____32____womenareunderrepresentedinSTEM,inCongress,andprettymucheverywhereyoulook.Wehavetosocializeourgirlstobecomfortablewith____33____,andwe’vegottodoitnow.Wehavetoteachthemtobebraveinschoolsandearlyintheircareers,whenithasthemostpotentialto____34____theirlives,andwehavetoshowthemthattheywillbelovedand____35____notforbeingperfectbutforbeingcourageous.21.A.ranfor B.liedto C.votedagainst D.tradedwith22.A.on B.off C.inside D.behind23.A.classic B.simple C.different D.complex24.A.risky B.perfect C.stupid D.beautiful25.A.fear B.effort C.trouble D.struggle26.A.code B.answer C.deficit D.character27.A.random B.blank C.marked D.broken28.A.used B.saved C.cracked D.deleted29.A.mess B.success C.progress D.difference30.A.honesty B.bravery C.generosity D.determination31.A.face B.avoid C.admit D.expect32.A.why B.how C.when D.where33.A.doubt B.danger C.uncertainty D.imperfection34.A.earn B.risk C.impact D.enjoy35.A.inspired B.accepted C.tolerated D.protected【答案】21.A22.D23.C24.B25.A26.A27.B28.D29.C30.B31.B32.A33.D34.D35.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，作者在33岁的时候做了一些勇敢的事：竞选国会议员。由此作者感悟到女生会被爱和接受，不是因为她们完美，而是因为她们勇敢。【21题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我竞选国会议员。A.ranfor为……竞选；B.liedto对……撒谎；C.votedagainst投票反对；D.tradedwith对……与交易。根据下文“butinmyheart,Ialwayswantedtorun”可知，作者参选国会议员。故选A项。【22题详解】考查介词词义辨析。句意：多年来，作为一名组织者，我一直安全地生活在政治的幕后，但在我心中，我一直想参选。A.on在……上；B.off关闭；C.inside内部；D.behind在……的后面。根据下文“asanorganizer”可知，作者多年来一直在幕后工作。故选D项。【23题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，民意调查却讲述了一个截然不同的故事。A.classic经典的；B.simple简单的；C.different不同的；D.complex复杂的。根据上文“butinmyheart,Ialwayswantedtorun”以及下文“Ionlygot19percentofthevote”可知，作者心里想的参选结果和事实结果是不同的。故选C项。【24题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管结果如此，这是我一生中第一次做一些真正勇敢的事情，我不担心自己是完美的。A.risky有风险的；B.perfect完美的；C.stupid愚蠢的；D.beautiful美丽的。根据上文“Ionlygot19percentofthevote.Despitetheresult,thiswasthefirsttimeinmyentirelifethatIhaddonesomethingthatwastrulybrave”可知，这是作者第一次参选，虽然结果不太如意，作者真正做了这一生中真正勇敢的事实，作者也不必担心自己不够完美。故选B项。【25题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们立刻