高中英语知识点总结(自动保存)

高考英语重点语法一、高中英语知识点总结1.名词9.非谓语动词2.冠词10.连词和并列句3.代词11.连词和状语从句4.介词12.定语从句5.形容词和副词13.名词性语从句6.情态动词14.特殊句式7.虚拟语气15.构词法8.动词的时态和语态二、知识清单1.名词(n.)的分类普通名词可数名词个体名词：book，child，face，desk，fan,player,student,boy等集体名词：family，group，police，crowd，people，class等不可数名词物质名词：milk，tea，coffee等抽象名词：beauty，attention，pride，fun等专有名词America，China，Shu-HowLin,theHuston2.冠词的分类及用法不定冠词（a/an）的用法=1\*GB3①用于n.前表类指：Agirlwantstoseeyou.=2\*GB3②用于单数集体n.前：Thecityhasapopulationof3billion.=3\*GB3③用于物质n.前，表单一概念：It’saverygoodcheese.=4\*GB3④用于抽象n.前：Heisasuccess./Iamquiteataloss.=5\*GB3⑤用于专有名词前:AMr.Browncametoseeyouyesterday.定冠词the的用法=1\*GB3①特指说话双方都明白的人或物：Thechildrenhavegonetothebeach.=2\*GB3②指上文提到过的人或事：Hehasapen.Thepenisblack.=3\*GB3③及单数名词连用表一类人或事物：InmanyplacesinChina,thebicycleisstillpopular.=4\*GB3④the+adj.表示一类人：theyoung/theold/thepoor/therich=5\*GB3⑤用在序数词和最高级前：Heisthefirsttoreach.=6\*GB3⑥the+姓氏复数，指一家人或夫妇二人TheGreensareattable.零冠词=1\*GB3①不可数名词、复数名词表泛指，用零冠词：Horsesareusefulanimals.Waterischangedintosteambyheatandintoicebycold.=2\*GB3②三餐、球类和棋类、学科前，用零冠词：playfootball=3\*GB3③季节、月份、星期、假日等前，用零冠词：Winterhascome.IsspringfarawayThanksgivingDayfallsonthe4thThursdayinNovember.3.代词pron.考点清单人称代词主格：Iyouhesheitweyouthey宾格：meyouhimheritusyouthem物主代词n.性：myyourhisheritsouryourtheiradj.性：mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs反身代词myselfyourselfhimselfherselfitselfourselvesyourselvesthemselves指示代词thisthesethatthose互相代词eachother，oneanother连接代词详见名词性从句关系代词定语从句疑问代词what,which,who,whom,whose等不定代词both,all,either,neither,some,any,noneother,another,others,theother,theothers复合不定代词something,someone,somebody,anything,anyone,anybody,nothing,noone,nobody4.介词按结构分简单介词at,in,on,before,after,for,during,by,behind,from,like,until,under,with,since,as等合成介词into,inside,without,outside,through,toward,within分词介词given=considering(考虑到)，including，following短语介词Accordingto,dueto,owingto,thanksto,aheadof,becauseof,apartfrom,exceptfor,inspiteof,inneedof,forfearof,inchargeof,insearchof,aswellas,asaresultof…按意义分表示时间at,in,on,by,after,since,for,during,within,through,over,until,表示方位at,in,on,for,toward,into,outof,alongdown,up,from,off,above,over,below,under,inside,outside,beside,near,across,through,around,among表示原因becauseof,owingto,dueto,for,asaresultof,at表示方式with(工具),in(语言,材料),by（方式）表示除外besides,except,exceptfor,but,apartfrom表示数量about,round,around,over表示关于about,on表示增减by,to短语中的介词动词+介词agreewith,thinkabout,worryabout,careabout,aimat,datefrom,benefitfrom,sufferfrom,resultfrom,resultin,accountfor,succeedin,sendfor,callfor,carefor,longfor,lookafter,breakinto,burstinto,lookinto,runinto,approveof,dreamof,dependon,feedon,carryon,insiston,dealwith,dowith,actas动词+副词+介词datebackto,catchupwith,dowellin,getonwith,breakawayfrom,comeupwith,teamupwith,getdownto,getcloseto,lookforwardto,lookdownupon动词+名词+介词takecareof,catchsightof,losesightof,makefunof,makeroomfor,makesentenceswith,makeuseof,takeadvantageof,takepartin,payattentionto,showrespectfor,showinterestin,haveaneffecton,playarolein,playatrickon,taketheplaceofbe+形容词+介词beinterestin,becrazyabout,beaccustomedto,beaddictedto,bedevotedto,besimilarto,beusedto,bestrictwithsb./insth.,becrowdedwith,besatisfiedwith,beequippedwith,befondof,beawareof,beproudof,betiredof/from,befamousfor/as,befamiliarwith,befitfor,besuccessfulin介词+名词introuble,indanger,insurprise,indetail,insilence,atwar,attable,atdesk,onbusiness,onfire,onshow,onwatch,onstrike,onsale,onholiday,onvacation5.形容词和副词1）、形容词和副词的基本用法，在句中的位置形容词=1\*GB2⑴.adj.基本用法：作定语、表语、补足语、状语=2\*GB2⑵.adj.做后置定语的情况：adj.短语做后置定语；修饰复合不定代词=3\*GB2⑶.分词adj=1\*GB3①-ed形容词,(人)感到……的=2\*GB3②-ing形容词：令人……的(事)=4\*GB2⑷.表示类别或整体：theold,theyoung,thewounded,therich,thepoor副词=1\*GB2⑴.adv.基本用法：作状语，修饰v.adj.另一个adv.或整个句子=2\*GB2⑵.adv.在句中的位置：=1\*GB3①enough放在所修饰的adj./adv.的后面=2\*GB3②频度副词常放在be动词、情态动词之后，行为动词之前=3\*GB2⑶.搭配特别的adj.和adv:aheavyrain/rainheavily/asoundsleep……2).形容词和副词的比较级和最高级平级比较=1\*GB2⑴.用as…as,not…as/so…as引导。HegetsupasearlyasI.=2\*GB2⑵.as+形容词+as+数词+名词=数词+名词+形容词。Thebuildingisastallas100meters.=Thebuildingis100meterstall.=3\*GB2⑶.看似平级比较结构的一些惯用语。aslongas只要，assoonas一……就，aswellas既……又……超越比较=1\*GB2⑴.比较级的修饰语常见的有rather,much,still,even,far,alot,alittle,byfar,abit，threetimes等。Thestudentsstudyevenharderthanbefore.=2\*GB2⑵.“the+比较级…，the+比较级…”表示“越……越……”Theharderyoustudy,themoreknowledgeyouwilllearn.=3\*GB2⑶.“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越……”Thenewcityisbecomingmoreandmorebeautiful.=4\*GB2⑷.“the+比较级+ofthetwo+名词”表示“两个……中较……的”Thetallerofthetwoboysismybrother.6.情态动词情态动词主要用法典型例句can/could表示能力Hecanplaytabletennisquitewell.表示理论上的可能性，“有时会；可能会”Evenanexperiencedteachercanmakemistakes.表示请求和允许表示请求，口语中常用could代替can=1\*GB3①Youcanhavemyseat.I’mgoingnow.=2\*GB3②Couldyougivemeahandmay/might表示请求、允许、许可，might比may语气更委婉=1\*GB3①Youmayusemydictionary.=2\*GB3②MightIhavealookatyournewphonemust表示“必须”Wemuststudyhardandmakeprogresseveryday.表示“偏要；硬要”Ifyoumustsmoke,pleasegoout.shall用于第一、三人称的疑问句中，表示征求对方的意见ShallIopenthedoor用于第二、三人称的陈述句中，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁；此外，当颁布法律，规定时也用shall=1\*GB3①Youshallgetananswerfrommebytomorrow.=2\*GB3②Heshallgofirst,whetherhewantsornot.=3\*GB3③ThislawshallcomeintoeffectonMay1st.shouldshould表示劝告和建议，作“应该”讲Youshouldlearnfromeachother.表示惊讶、意外等情绪，意为“竟然”Ican’tbearthatheshouldspeakillofme.用在if条件句中，表示可能性很小，但也不是完全不可能Ifanyoneshouldcome,sayI’mnotathome.will/would表示意志或意愿Ihavetoldhimagainandagaintostopsmoking,buthewillnotlisten.表示“请求；建议”。would比will委婉、客气Wouldyoulikesomemorecoffee表示习惯：will可以表示现在的习惯，意为“总是；习惯于”。would表示过去的习惯性动作=1\*GB3①Shewillsitforhoursreadingintheroom.=2\*GB3②Whenshewasyoung,hewoundlistentomusicaloneinhisroom.表示事物的某种性质和倾向Woodwillfloatonthewater.need表示“需要；必要“，用于否定句、疑问句和条件从句中---Needwetakethetest---No,weneedn’t.dare表示“敢；敢于“，主要用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句，一般不用于一定句。Idaresay是习惯说法，”我想，大概“=1\*GB3①Howdareyoutalklikethat=2\*GB3②Thelittlegirldoesn’tdaregooutintheevening.oughtto表示义务，意为“应当“，语气比should强，表示不十分一定或含蓄的推测，意为“应是，应该“=1\*GB3①Everyoneoughttoobeythetrafficrules.=2\*GB3②Heoughttobehomebynow.7.虚拟语气=1\*ROMANI.虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的运用从句主句典型例句及现在事实相反的假设If+主语+v.过去式(be--were)主语+should/wound/could/might+v.原形IfIwereyou,Iwouldseizethechancetogoabroad.及过去事实相反If+主+had+过去分词主语+should/would/could/might+have+过去分词Ifyouhadtakenmyadvice,youwouldnothavefailedintheexam.及将来事实相反1.if+主+did2.if+主+wereto+v原形3.if+主+should+v原形主语+should/would/could+might+v.原形Ifheshouldnotcometomorrow,weshouldputoffthemeetingtillnextMonday.=2\*ROMANII.虚拟语气在名词性从句中的运用1).用于宾语从句中=1\*GB3①wish后的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气，表示一种不可能实现的愿望。Iwish(that)Iwereabirdandcouldflyfreelyinthesky.我希望我是一只小鸟能在天空中自由飞翔Iwish(that)Ihadmetthatfilmstaryesterday.我希望昨天见到那个明星了。HowIwishitweren’trainingnow!我多希望现在没下雨啊！=2\*GB3②用于ifonly+句子=HowIwish+（that）从句。Eg：IfonlyIwereaflyingbird!=HowIwishIwereaflyingbird!我要是一只飞鸟该多好！IfonlyIhadseenthefilm!=HowIwishIhadseenthefilm!我要是看了那部电影多好！=3\*GB3③用于表示建议、愿望、命令等动词后的宾语从句中，常见的动词有：demand,order,require,insist,suggest,recommend,urge,propose,advise等。宾语从句中的虚拟语气结构为：should+动词原形，should可以省略。Hesuggestedthatwe(should)startoffearlythenextday.他建议我们第二天早点出发。=4\*GB3④在wouldrather后的宾语从句中也用虚拟语气，其结构为：wouldrathersb.+过去时wouldrathersb.+过去完成时（haddone）例：Iwouldrathertheydidn’thearofthenews.我宁愿他们听不到那个消息。IwouldratherIhadnottoldhimthebadnews.我宁愿没告诉他那个坏消息。2).虚拟语气用于主语从句中Itisdesired/suggested/proposed/recommended/necessary/important+that从句,从句的谓语动词用“should+动词原形”，should可以省略。例：Itissuggestedthatthemeeting(should)beputofftillnextweek.人们建议会议推迟到下周3).虚拟语气用于表语从句和同位语从句中。Myideaisthatwe(should)thinkitoverbeforeacceptingit.我的观点是在接受它之前要反复考虑。Weallagreetohissuggestionthatwe(should)gotoDalianforsightseeing.我们都同意他让我们去大连旅游的建议。=3\*ROMANIII.虚拟语气在asif/asthough引导的从句中的运用主句和从句的谓语动词的先后从句的时态同时发生过去时asif引导的从句谓语动作早过去完成时（had+done）asif从句动作晚过去将来时（would+do）8.动词的时态和语态时态一般现在时=1\*GB2⑴.现在的状态=2\*GB2⑵.经常性或习惯性的动作=3\*GB2⑶.客观真理=4\*GB2⑷.在某些状语从句中用一般现在时代替将来时一般过去时=1\*GB2⑴.过去的动作或状态=2\*GB2⑵.过去经常性或习惯性动作=3\*GB2⑶.在某些状语从句中用一般过去时代替过去将来时一般将来时=1\*GB2⑴.will/shalldosth.=2\*GB2⑵.begoingtodo=3\*GB2⑶.betodo=4\*GB2⑷.beabouttodo过去将来时从过去某个时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态现在进行时(bedoing)=1\*GB2⑴.说话时正在进行的动作=2\*GB2⑵.特定的安排或计划=3\*GB2⑶.及always连用表示赞扬、厌烦等语气过去进行时was/weredoing=1\*GB2⑴.过去某个时间正在进行的动作或某一阶段内频繁发生的动作=2\*GB2⑵.表示某一动作发生时另一动作正在进行将来进行时willbedoing表示某个特定的时间正在进行的活动现在完成时have/hasdone=1\*GB2⑴.表示过去的动作对现在的影响=2\*GB2⑵.表示某一动作从过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在=3\*GB2⑶.在时间状语从句中，现在完成时可以代替一般一般将来时过去完成时haddone=1\*GB2⑴.表示“过去的过去”=2\*GB2⑵.用于一些固定句型，hardly…when，nosooner…than=3\*GB2⑶.表示未曾实现的希望、打算、诺言等，hadhoped/planned…现在完成进行时用来表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在（还要持续下去）的动作，havebeendoing动词的被动语态各种时态的被动语态典型例句被动语态一般现在时am/is/aredoneRiceisgrowninSouthChina.一般过去时was/weredoneTheglasswasbrokenbyTomyesterday.现在进行时Am/is/arebeingdoneTheprojectisbeingcarriedout.过去进行时was/weredoneThisroadwasbeingbuiltthistimeyesterday.现在完成时have/hasbeendoneThisnovelhasbeentranslatedinto3languages.过去完成时hadbeendoneWhenIgottothetheatre,Ifoundtheticketshadalreadybeensoldout.一般将来时willbedoneThecarwillbesentabroadbysea.情态动词can/may/mustdoneOilcanbeturnedintoenergybyburningit.9.非谓语动词（不定式、现在分词、过去分词、动名词）不定式时态和语态一般式todo进行式tobedoing完成式tohavedone被动式tobedone句法功能在句中作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、补语用法特点主动、将来、具体意义带疑问词的不定式how/what/when…todo省略to的情况在hadbetter,wouldrather等后作宾语时，在感官、使役动词后作宾补时现在分词一般式doing被动式beingdone完成式havingdone完成被动式havingbeendone否定式notdoing句法功能定语、状语、补语、表语用法特点主动、进行意义分词作状语时其形式的选择形式意义doing及句中的主语为逻辑上的主动关系，及句中的谓语动词动作同时发生，或基本上同时发生。havingdone及句中的主语为逻辑上的主动关系，先于谓语动词动作发生。done及句中的主语为逻辑上的被动关系，beingdone及句中的主语为逻辑上的被动关系，且及谓语动词同时发生。havingbeendone及句中的主语为逻辑上的被动关系，且先于谓语动词发生。10.连词、并列句和状语从句并列连词表递进或顺承关系and,notonly…butalso,表选择关系or,otherwise表转折关系but,yet,whereas表因果关系so,for,therefore其他平行结构neither…nor,wouldrather…than,aswellas状语从句时间状语从句由when,while,as,assoonas,after,before,until,everytime,themoment,hardly…when等连词引导地点状语从句由where,wherever,anywhere,everywhere等引导原因状语从句由because,since,as,nowthat,when(既然)等引导条件状语从句由if,unless,aslongas,while,incase(假使)等引导目的状语从句由sothat,inorderthat,incase(以防)等引导结果状语从句由sothat,suchthat,so…that,such…that等引导让步状语从句由although,though,as,while,evenif/though,nomatterhow,however等引导方式状语从句由as,asif,asthough等引导比较状语从句由as,than,themore…themore等引导11.定语从句分类限制性定语从句：对先行词起修饰限定作用非限制性定语从句：对先行词起补充说明作用，常用逗号及主句分开引导词关系代词指人who在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语whom在定语从句中充当宾语that充当主语、宾语whose充当定语指物which在定语从句从句中作主语、宾语、表语that在定语从句从句中作主语、宾语、表语whose在定语从句从句中作定语as在定语从句从句中作主语、宾语、表语关系副词when先行词为时间名词且在定语从句中时间状语where先行词为地点名词且在定语从句地点间状语why先行词为reason且在定语从句中原因状