2023linux7安装部署oracle19c软件

linux7上安装部署oracle19c软件安装环境：VMwareWorkstationPro15.5.0、CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-2009.isoLINUX.X64_193000_db_home.zip、LINUX.X64_193000_grid_home.zip一安装CENTOS7虚拟机。1号节点的主机名叫做oracle1将91和10绑定在这台机器的两块网卡上。2号节点的主机名叫做oracle2将92和11绑定在这台机器的两块网卡上。所有IP对应的NETMASK(子网掩码)都是VIP（rac1-vip/rac2-vip）和SCANIP(rac-scan)不需要去处理，集群启动后会自动生成。/boot配置标准分区，其他都是用逻辑分区（LVM）开机之后关闭位置共享，挂载光盘配置虚拟机ip地址方便外部连接vi/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33DEVICE=ens33IPADDR=91NETMASK=BROADCAST=55GATEWAY=ONBOOT=yesUSERCTL=noBOOTPROTO=staticTYPE=EthernetIPV6INIT=noDNS1=DNS2=14注意第二块网卡不能配置网关。vi/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens34DEVICE=ens34IPADDR=10NETMASK=BROADCAST=55ONBOOT=yesUSERCTL=noBOOTPROTO=staticTYPE=EthernetIPV6INIT=no重启网络服务servicenetworkrestart编辑oracle1虚拟机的/etc/hosts文件，把以下内容追加到/etc/hosts文件中#PublicIP91oracle192oracle2#PrivateIP10oracle1-priv11oracle2-priv#VirtualIP72oracle1-vip73oracle2-vip#ScanIP74oracle-scan关闭防火墙（RAC集群必须彻底关闭防火墙以防万一）：关闭防火墙检查防火墙状态systemctlstatusfirewalld.service暂时关闭防火墙，下次启动时防火墙仍随系统启动而启动systemctlstopfirewalld.service彻底永久关闭防火墙systemctldisablefirewalld.service关闭SELINUX防火墙！vi/etc/selinux/config将内容SELINUX=enforcing更改为SELINUX=disabled二配置先决条件的yum源a挂载光盘镜像注：在虚拟机挂载光盘镜像以后，务必使用某个用户进入到虚拟机LINUX下看到桌面弹出小光盘为止（图形界面）b进入到光盘镜像中的Package目录中将所有的软件包复制到我们预设的目录下mkdir/yumsCENTOS6/RHEL6镜像挂载地点cd/media/CentOS_6.6_Final/Packages/cp*/yumsCENTOS7/RHEL7镜像挂载地点/run/media/root/CentOS7x86_64/PackagesCENTOS7（这个目前适用于CENTOS7.4以及以下版本，如果你使用的是高版本的话，请自己注意具体包的名称，实在不知道就用tab键补全）rpm-ivhdeltarpm-3.6-3.el7.x86_64.rpmrpm-ivhpython-deltarpm-3.6-3.el7.x86_64.rpmrpm-ivhcreaterepo-0.9.9-28.el7.noarch.rpmcreaterepo.cd/etc/yum.repos.d/rm-rf*viyum.local.repo[local]name=yumlocalrepobaseurl=file:///yumsgpgcheck=0enable=1然后配置rac2这个节点cd/etc/yum.repos.d/rm-rf*viyum.local.repo[local]name=yumlocalrepobaseurl=01/gpgcheck=0enable=1配置本地yum源。mkdir/media/cdrommount/dev/sr0/media/cdrom设置开机自动挂载Vi/etc/fstab/dev/sr0/media/cdromiso9660defaults,ro,loop00cd/etc/yum.repos.dvirhel-media.repo[rhel-media]Name=RedHatEnterpriseLinux6.5Baseurl=file:///media/cdromEnabled=1gpgcheck=0（配置为1的话需要添加下一行）gpgkey=file://media/cdrom/RPM-gPg-KEY-redhat-release将目录下的其他以repo结尾的文件转化为.bakrename.repo.repo.bak*repo清除缓存yumcleanall测试一下yuminstallgcc*如果有反应就说明你的yum服务器配置成功了安装先决条件包：yuminstall-ybcyuminstall-ycompat-libcap1*yuminstall-ycompat-libcap*yuminstall-ybinutilsyuminstall-ycompat-libstdc++-33yuminstall-yelfutils-libelfyuminstall-yelfutils-libelf-develyuminstall-ygccyuminstall-ygcc-c++yuminstall-yglibc-2.5yuminstall-yglibc-commonyuminstall-yglibc-develyuminstall-yglibc-headersyuminstall-ykshlibaioyuminstall-ylibaio-develyuminstall-ylibgccyuminstall-ylibstdc++yuminstall-ylibstdc++-develyuminstall-ymakeyuminstall-ysysstatyuminstall-yunixODBCyuminstall-yunixODBC-develyuminstall-ybinutils*yuminstall-ycompat-libstdc*yuminstall-yelfutils-libelf*yuminstall-ygcc*yuminstall-yglibc*yuminstall-yksh*yuminstall-ylibaio*yuminstall-ylibgcc*yuminstall-ylibstdc*yuminstall-ymake*yuminstall-ysysstat*yuminstall-ylibXp*yuminstall-yglibc-kernheadersyuminstall-ynet-tools-*yuminstall-yiscsi-initiator-utilsyuminstall-yudevyuminstall-yxclock*三内核参数（vi/etc/sysctl.confkernel.shmmax=277495689510912kernel.shmmni=4096kernel.sem=25032000100128net.core.rmem_default=262144net.core.rmem_max=4194304net.core.wmem_default=262144net.core.wmem_max=1048586fs.file-max=6815744kernel.shmall=67747971072net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets=6000net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range=900065500net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle=0net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse=1#net.core.somaxconn=262144dev_max_backlog=262144net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans=262144net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog=262144net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries=2net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries=1net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout=1net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time=30net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_probes=6net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_intvl=5net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps=0fs.aio-max-nr=1048576net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter=2net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter=2生成系统参数sysctl-p四.添加下列参数到/etc/security/limits.confvi/etc/security/limits.conforaclesoftnofile1024oraclehardnofile65536oraclesoftnproc16384oraclehardnproc16384oraclesoftstack10240oraclehardstack32768oraclehardmemlock134217728oraclesoftmemlock134217728gridsoftnofile1024gridhardnofile65536gridsoftnproc16384gridhardnproc16384gridsoftstack10240gridhardstack32768gridhardmemlock134217728gridsoftmemlock134217728五.添加下列条目到/etc/pam.d/loginvi/etc/pam.d/loginsessionrequired/lib/security/pam_limits.sosessionrequiredpam_limits.so六.环境变量中添加下列语句vi/etc/profileif[$USER="oracle"]||[$USER="grid"];thenif[$SHELL="/bin/ksh"];thenulimit-p16384ulimit-n65536elseulimit-u16384-n65536fifiexportORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/19c/gridexportPATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin生效环境变量source/etc/profile七.创建文件目录和相应的用户groupadd-g601oinstallgroupadd-g602dbagroupadd-g603opergroupadd-g604backupdbagroupadd-g605dgdbagroupadd-g606kmdbagroupadd-g607asmdbagroupadd-g608asmopergroupadd-g609asmadminuseradd-u601-goinstall-Gasmadmin,asmdba,dba,asmopergriduseradd-u602-goinstall-Gdba,backupdba,dgdba,kmdba,asmadmin,oper,asmdbaoracle我们用这种最安全的方法修改grid和oracle用户密码passwdgridpasswdoracle以root用户，创建OracleInventory目录mkdir-p/u01/app/oraInventorychown-Rgrid:oinstall/u01/app/oraInventorychmod-R775/u01/app/oraInventory以root用户，创建GIHOME目录mkdir-p/u01/app/gridmkdir-p/u01/app/19c/gridchown-Rgrid:oinstall/u01/app/gridchmod-R775/u01/app/gridchown-Rgrid:oinstall/u01/app/19cchmod-R775/u01/app/19c/以root用户，创建OracleBase目录mkdir-p/u01/app/oraclemkdir/u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogschown-Roracle:oinstall/u01/app/oraclechmod-R775/u01/app/oracle以root用户，创建OracleRDBMSHome目录mkdir-p/u01/app/oracle/product/19c/db_1chown-Roracle:oinstall/u01/app/oracle/product/19c/db_1chmod-R775/u01/app/oracle/product/19c/db_1安装rlwrap-0.37tar-zxvfrlwrap-0.37.tar.gz./configmakemakeinstall报错YouneedtheGNUreadlinelibrary(/gnu/readline/)tobuildthisprogram!执行yuminstallreadline-devel来解决八.用户添加环境变量su-grid#grid用户的环境变量如下：vi~/.bash_profilePS1="[`whoami`@`hostname`:"'$PWD]$'exportPS1umask022exportTMP=/tmpexportTMPDIR=$TMPexportORACLE_SID=+ASM1exportORACLE_TERM=xterm;exportORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/gridexportORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/19c/gridexportNLS_LANG="AMERICAN_AMERICA.AL32UTF8"exportNLS_DATE_FORMAT="yyyy-mm-ddHH24:MI:SS"exportTNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/adminexportLD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/libexportPATH=.:$PATH:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/binexportTHREADS_FLAG=nativeif[$USER="oracle"]||[$USER="grid"];thenif[$SHELL="/bin/ksh"];thenulimit-p16384ulimit-n65536elseulimit-u16384-n65536fiumask022fialiassqlplus='rlwrapsqlplus'aliasrman='rlwrapasmcmd'生成环境变量source~/.bash_profilesu-oracle#oracle用户的环境变量如下：vi~/.bash_profilePS1="[`whoami`@`hostname`:"'$PWD]$'exportPS1exportTMP=/tmpexportTMPDIR=$TMPexportORACLE_HOSTNAME=oracle1exportORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracleexportORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/19c/db_1exportORACLE_SID=oracle1exportNLS_LANG="AMERICAN_AMERICA.AL32UTF8"exportNLS_DATE_FORMAT="yyyy-mm-ddHH24:MI:SS"exportTNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/adminexportLD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/libexportPATH=.:$PATH:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_BASE/product/19c/db_1/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/binexportTHREADS_FLAG=native;exportTHREADS_FLAGif[$USER="oracle"]||[$USER="grid"];thenif[$SHELL="/bin/ksh"];thenulimit-p16384ulimit-n65536elseulimit-u16384-n65536fiumask022fialiassqlplus='rlwrapsqlplus'aliasrman='rlwraprman'aliaso='rlwrapsqlplus/assysdba'生成环境变量source~/.bash_profile克隆虚拟机，二节点取名为oracle2开机更改IP地址更改hostname为oracle2hostnamectlset-hostnameoracle2更改环境变量grid用户将ORACLE_SID=+ASM1改为exportORACLE_SID=+ASM2oracle用户exportORACLE_HOSTNAME=oracle1改为exportORACLE_HOSTNAME=oracle2exportORACLE_SID=oracle1改为exportORACLE_SID=oracle2关机配置共享磁盘oracle1添加三块盘，三块5g--ocr，一块10g--fra，一块20g--data通过图形化界面的方式，选择添加硬盘，独立永久，立即分配空间，添加磁盘。添加到新建的共享文件夹，这里我取名为share然后2节点oracle2也是同样的方式，不同的是，2节点选择已经存在的磁盘，不用新建。需要注意的是：scsi1：0开始然后编辑vmx配置文件(两边都要配置)添加以下文件#shareddisksconfiguredisk.EnableUUID="TRUE"disk.locking="FALSE"scsi1.shared="TRUE"diskLib.dataCacheMaxSize="0"diskLib.dataCacheMaxReadAheadSize="0"diskLib.dataCacheMinReadAheadSize="0"diskLib.dataCachePageSize="4096"diskLib.maxUnsyncedWrites="0"九.配置udev（两个节点都做）/usr/lib/udev/scsi_id--whitelisted--replace-whitespace--device=/dev/$name（sd*）对比两个节点的uuid是否一致（各五个）创建99-oracle-asmdevices.rules文件touch/etc/udev/rules.d/99-oracle-asmdevices.rulesvi/etc/udev/rules.d/99-oracle-asmdevices.rulesKERNEL=="sd*",SUBSYSTEM=="block",PROGRAM=="/usr/lib/udev/scsi_id--whitelisted--replace-whitespace--device=/dev/$name",RESULT=="36000c29ad55231816d7962f178618937",SYMLINK+="ocr1",OWNER="grid",GROUP="asmadmin",MODE="0660"KERNEL=="sd*",SUBSYSTEM=="block",PROGRAM=="/usr/lib/udev/scsi_id--whitelisted--replace-whitespace--device=/dev/$name",RESULT=="36000c2988e241dc296824035fd908f32",SYMLINK+="ocr2",OWNER="grid",GROUP="asmadmin",MODE="0660"KERNEL=="sd*",SUBSYSTEM=="block",PROGRAM=="/usr/lib/udev/scsi_id--whitelisted--replace-whitespace--device=/dev/$name",RESULT=="36000c290da794a71994e3c66f0421e3c",SYMLINK+="ocr3",OWNER="grid",GROUP="asmadmin",MODE="0660"KERNEL=="sd*",SUBSYSTEM=="block",PROGRAM=="/usr/lib/udev/scsi_id--whitelisted--replace-whitespace--device=/dev/$name",RESULT=="36000c2931bccebbda4890cda98e43e48",SYMLINK+="fra1",OWNER="grid",GROUP="asmadmin",MODE="0660"KERNEL=="sd*",SUBSYSTEM=="block",PROGRAM=="/usr/lib/udev/scsi_id--whitelisted--replace-whitespace--device=/dev/$name",RESULT=="36000c2932c29954d26810725b07949c1",SYMLINK+="data1",OWNER="grid",GROUP="asmadmin",MODE="0660"分区：sdbsdb1sdb2sdb3如果没有UUID:disk.EnableUUID="TRUE"重启UDEV:systemctlrestartsystemd-udevd.serviceudevadmcontrol--reload-rules/sbin/udevadmtrigger--type=devices--action=add/sbin/udevadmtrigger--type=devices--action=change配置oracle2将1节点配置好的文件直接传给二节点scp99-oracle-asmdevices.rulesoracle2:/etc/udev/rules.d/重启udev查看是否配置成功ll/dev|grepocrll/dev|grepfrall/dev|grepdata九上传软件解压并赋权oracle1用root用户把LINUX.X64_193000_grid_home.zip上传到/u01/app/19c/grid目录下cd/u01/app/19c/gridchown-Rgrid:oinstallLINUX.X64_193000_grid_home.zip切换到grid用户并解压su-gridcd$ORACLE_HOMEunzipLINUX.X64_193000_grid_home.zipexportDISPLAY=xxxxxxx（按自己真实的写）./gridSetup.sh点击add添加oracle2oracle2-vip点击SSHconnectivity…建立互信填写密码先setup后test注意：这里选择的是/dev/ocr*package:cvuqdisk包在/u01/app/19c/grid/cv/rpmrpm-ivhcvuqdisk-1.0.10-1.rpmscp传送到二节点安装scpcvuqdisk-1.0.10-1.rpmoracle2:/tmp忽略所有，点击yes，开始安装。跑脚本，一定要按照他的顺序执行！第一个脚本rac1和rac2两个节点跑完以后，才能跑第二个脚本，也是先在rac1上跑，再到rac2上跑。（必须都是root用户）安装完了，这里点OK就行了，主要还是因为DNS的问题。没事直接点OK。nextyes安装完成点close。使用crsctlstatres–t查看一下集群状态asmca创建磁盘组创建fra和data时报错ORA:15020解决方法：grid用户登录数据库sqlplus/assysasmshowparameterasmaltersystemsetasm_diskstring='/dev/ocr*'sid='*';showparameterasmvi/etc/udev/rules.d/99-oracle-asmdevices.rules把fra1修改为ocrfra1,把data1修改为ocrdata1继续(两边的99-oracle-admdevices.rules都要修改，然后重启udev)grid软件安装完成以后，我们开始安装database软件。用root用户把database软件的压缩包LINUX.X64_193000_db_home.zip上传到/u01/app/oracle/product/19c/db_1cd/u01/app/oracle/product/19c/db_1chown-Roracle:oinstallLINUX.X64_193000_db_home.zip切换到oracle用户并解压su-oraclecd$ORACLE_HOMEunzipLINUX.X64_193000_db_home.zipexportDISPLAY=xxxxxxx（按自己真实的写）./runInstaller点击SSH建立互信，先setup再test忽略全部，点击next，yesinstall跑脚本，一定要按照他的顺序执行！脚本在rac1和rac2两个节点跑完以后才能继续。（必须是ROOT用户）。安装完成dbca建库在oracle用户下exportDISPLAY=:0.0dbca点击yes选择忽略，点击yes安装完成测试一下结束十卸载软件rm-rf/u01/app/19c/gr