高考总复习英语习题选修8Module1

选修八Module1DeepSouth(建议用时25分钟)Ⅰ.阅读理解ARed－backedfairywrens(鹪)，whichliveinnorthernandeasternAustralia，laythreeorfoureggsatatime.(2017·江苏卷)Beforebirth，babiescantellthedifferencebetweenloudsoundsandvoices.Theycanevendistinguishtheirmother’svoicefromthatofafemalestranger.Butwhenitestoembryoniclearning(胎教)，birdscould__ruletheroost__.AsrecentlyreportedinTheAuk：OrnithologicalAdvances，somemotherbirdsmayteachtheiryoungtosingevenbeforetheyhatch(孵化)．New－bornchickscanthenimitatetheirmom’scallwithinafewdaysofenteringtheworld.Thiseducationalmethodwasfirstobservedin2012bySoniaKleindorfer，abiologistatFlindersUniversityinSouthAustralia，andhercolleagues.FemaleAustraliansuperbfairywrenswerefoundtorepeatonesoundoverandoveragainwhilehatchingtheireggs.Whentheeggswerehatched，thebabybirdsmadethesimilarchirptotheirmothers—asoundthatservedastheirregular“feedme！”call.Tofindoutifthespecialqualitywasmorewidespreadinbirds，theresearcherssoughtthered－backedfairywren，anotherspeciesofAustraliansongbird.Firsttheycollectedsounddatafrom67nestsinfoursitesinQueenslandbeforeandafterhatching.Thentheyidentifiedbeggingcallsbyanalyzingtheorderandnumberofnotes.Aputeranalysisblindlyparedcallsproducedbymothersandchicks，rankingthembysimilarity.Itturnsoutthatbabyred－backedfairywrensalsoemergechirpingliketheirmoms.Andthemorefrequentlymothershadcalledtotheireggs，themoresimilarwerethebabies’beggingcalls.Inaddition，theteamsetupaseparateexperimentthatsuggestedthatthebabybirdsthatmostcloselyimitatedtheirmom’svoicewererewardedwiththemostfood.Thisobservationhintsthateffectiveembryoniclearningcouldsignalneurological(神经系统的)strengthsofchildrentoparents.Anevolutionaryinferencecanthenbedrawn.“Asaparent，doyouinvestinqualitychildren，ordoyouinvestinchildrenthatareinneed？”Kleindorferasks.“Ourresultssuggestthattheymightbegoingforquality.”[语篇解读]这是一篇科普类的说明文。文章讲述了澳大利亚的一位生物学家通过研究发现，鸟儿在孵化时会进行胎教，幼鸟会用胎教时学会的鸟叫声来引起鸟妈妈的关注。鸟儿在胎教方面比人类更出色。1．TheunderlinedphraseinParagraph1means“________”．A．betheworst B．bethebestC．bejustasbad D．bejustasgood解析：选B猜测词义题。画线部分前面的语境说，婴儿在出生之前就能分辨很大的声响与人的嗓音(tellthedifferencebetweenloudsoundsandvoices)；画线部分后面的语境说，有些鸟妈妈在鸟儿被孵化出来之前，就可能教它们啼叫(teachtheiryoungtosing)。通过对比画线部分的前后我们发现，这里说的是与人类相比，鸟妈妈在胎教方面表现得最好(bethebest)，因此选B。2．WhatareKleindorfer’sfindingsbasedon?A．Similaritiesbetweenthecallsofmomsandchicks.B．TheobservationoffairywrensacrossAustralia.C．ThedatacollectedfromQueensland’slocals.D．Controlledexperimentsonwrensandotherbirds.解析：选A细节理解题。根据题干的Kleindorfer’sfindingsbasedon，我们知道本题询问的是这项研究成果建立的基础，由此把答案定位在第三段。该段说，为了了解这种特点是不是更多的鸟儿都具备(ifthespecialqualitywasmorewidespreadinbirds)，研究人员选定了澳大利亚另外一种会唱歌的鸟(anotherspeciesofAustraliansongbird)——鹪鹩(fairywren)，从位于昆士兰四个地点的67个鸟巢里收集鸟叫的声音资料(collectedsounddatafrom67nestsinfoursitesinQueensland)，然后再来分辨这些鸟叫声(identifiedbeggingcalls)，根据鸟妈妈与幼鸟声音的相似度来进行排列(rankingthembysimilarity)。第四段首句(Itturnsoutthat...)显示：鹪鹩幼鸟的叫声与鸟妈妈的声音也很相似。由此判断，他的发现基于A项(鸟妈妈与幼鸟叫声的相似之处)。3．Embryoniclearninghelpsmotherbirdstoidentifythebabybirdswhich________.A．canreceivequalitysignalsB．areinneedoftrainingC．fittheenvironmentbetterD．maketheloudestcall解析：选C推理判断题。文章最后两段说，研究结果发现，叫声与鸟妈妈的声音很接近的幼鸟得到的食物最多(thebabybirdsthatmostcloselyimitatedtheirmom’svoicewererewardedwiththemostfood)，这表明，有效的胎教能够把孩子神经系统的优点发信号给母亲(signalneurologicalstrengthsofchildrentoparents)。从这些信息判断，胎教能帮助鸟妈妈识别出更能适应环境的幼鸟，因此选C项。BAkitchenthatgivesstep－by－stepcookinginstructionsinFrenchcouldinspirearevolutioninlanguagelearningintheUK.Byusinganewtechnology，itspeakstoyouasyouprepareaFrenchdish.Thekitchenbreaksnewgroundbytakinglanguagelearningoutoftheclassroomandlinkingitwithanenjoyableandrewardingreallifeactivity.Thenewkitchenisdesignedtobeusedinschools，universitiesandevenpeople’shomes.Itcouldalsobeanexistingkitchen.ThefirstversionofthetechnologywastestedinthekitchensofprojectpartnerNewcastleUniversity.Thekitchencouldbeavailableforschoolsanduniversities，andfortheUKmarketbytheJuneof2014.TheNewcastleUniversityteamisnowworkingonwaystoputitonthemarket.AndtheEuropeanUnionhasgivenmoneytobeginprogramsinsixotherlanguages，includingEnglish，ItalianandSpanish.Finally，versionscouldbedevelopedforanylanguagecuisine(烹饪法)intheworld.ProfessorPaulsays，“Byinternationalstandards，theUKstudentsarenowpoorwhenitestolearninglanguages—aproblemthatcertainlyhasaneconomicinfluence.Webelievethatdevelopingskillsinacountry’slanguageanditscuisinewillhelpchangethetrend.”Onaputerfixedintothekitchen，theuserfirstselectstheFrenchrecipe(菜谱)theywanttofollow.Digitalsensorsbuiltintodishes，containersandotherequipmentthenmunicatewiththeputertomakesuretherightinstructionsaregivenattherighttime，theusercanasktheputertorepeataninstruction，ortranslateitintoEnglish，simplybypressingthetouchscreen.Aftercooking，theusercantestwhattheyhavelearnedbycarryingoutashorttestontheputer.Allgrammarandvocabularyhasbeencarefullyselectedtomakesurethatusingthekitchenaddstobasicproficiency(熟练)inunderstandingFrench.Nowthreeeasy－carryingversionsofthekitchenarebeingprepared.They’retobefixedinNewcastleUniversityandatInstituteFrancais，aLondon－basedcharitydevotedtoteachingtheFrenchlanguage.[语篇解读]本文主要讲述的是一种能够帮助我们进行语言学习的特殊的厨房系统，并介绍了它的诸多特色。4．Thenewkitchenisdesignedmainlyto____________.A．increasepeople’sinterestincookingB．teachpeoplehowtocookFrenchdishesC．offerpeopleanewwaytolearnlanguagesD．helpcookslearnspokenFrenchinthekitchen解析：选C细节理解题。根据文章第一句可知这个厨房设计的目的是更好地学习语言。故C项正确。5．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutthekitchen?A．Ithasversionsinsixlanguagesnow.B．ItisalreadyavailableforsaleintheUK.C．IthasreceivedstrongsupportfromtheEU.D．Itcanbeusedonlyinschoolsanduniversity.解析：选C推理判断题。根据文章第三段第二句“AndtheEuropeanUnionhasgivenmoneytobeginprogramsinsixotherlanguages，includingEnglish，ItalianandSpanish.”可知欧盟在这个项目上已经给了资金进行扶持。选C。6．Whenapersonisusingthekitchen，____________.A．itwillgivehimatestonhiscookingskillsB．itcantranslateFrenchintoanotherlanguageC．thecookingprocesswillstopifhegoeswrongD．hemustbecarefulsoasnottomakemistakes解析：选B细节理解题。根据文章第五段可知在使用中可以把法语翻译成英语，故B项内容正确。7．Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A．UKStudentsHaveProblemsinLanguageLearning.B．NewTechnologyHelpsStudentsLearnCooking.C．AnEnjoyableandRewardingReal－lifeActivity.D．ATalkingKitchenThatTeachesYouFrench.解析：选D主旨大意题。根据文章第一段可知本文主要介绍的是一种能够帮助我们学习语言的厨房系统。故D正确。Ⅱ.阅读填句Stressfulsituationsaresometimesunavoidable.Eachofusperceives(理解)challengesinourownwayandreactiontothemalsovaries.Howstressfulourlifeisdependsnotonlyonus.__1__Andthisissomethingwecannotchange.Whatifwedonottrytochangeothers，butrathertryandchangeourattitudetostressandtensionthatweoftenexperienceatwork?StretchinganddoingashortworkoutStretchingreleasesmuscletensionthataccumulatesinyourback，shoulders，andneckduringtheday.Evenwhenyourdayisextremelybusy，doyourbestandsetasideatleast5－10minutestodosomeexercise.Thereareplentyofexercisesyoucanpractisethatdonotrequireanyspecialequipment：yoga，orsimplesquats(蹲起)—youcanpickanykindofworkouttoyourliking.__2__Workingoutisbeneficialforbothyourbodyandmind.Drinkacupofherbaltea__3__Someofthem，suchaschamomile(甘菊)andpeppermint(薄荷)，areapowerfultoolhelpingtofightstressandanxiety.NASAscientistshaverecentlycarriedoutresearchintotheeffectofherbsandfoundoutthatpeppermintscentdecreasestirednessby20%andreducesfrustrationby25%，Makeasmarterchoiceand，whileatwork，drinkherbalteainsteadofcoffee.Takeastroll(漫步)Onceyoufindyourselfinadifferentsurroundingsyouwillfeelmuchbetter.__4__Orderyourfavoritedrinkanddistractyourselfbywatchingpeoplegoby.Ifyourofficeislocatedinanenvironmentallycleanplace，forexample，nearacitypark.Youcanthenrefreshyourselfandrelaxabitbeforeyoudivebackintoyourworkingroutine.__5__Callsomeonewhoyouknowcanunderstandandsupportyouwhenyoufeelstressed.Astudyshowsthatmunicationwithclosepeople，suchasyourfriendsorparents，producesoxytocininyourbody—thehormonethatisneededtosuccessfullyfighttensionandstress.A．Drinkingherbalteacaneffectivelyrelievetension.B．HaveachatC．Physicalactivitywillboostyourenergylevelandhelpyoucalmdown.D．Herbsworkmiracles.E．Otherpeopleinfluenceitaswell.F．I