浙江省诸暨市高三下学期5月诊断性考试英语试题

诸暨市2024年5月高三适应性考试试题英语第一部分：听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whattimeisitnow?A.9:00.B.9:10.C.10:00.2.Howdidthewomanfindherholiday?A.Adventurous.B.Aweinspiring.C.Disappointing.3.WhereisBennow?A.Inthebathroom.B.Inthestudy.C.Inthekitchen.4.Whenistheprojectdue?A.InJanuary.B.InFebruary.C.InMarch.5.Whatdoesthewomanmean?A.Themanisfaultfindingwithherreport.B.Shewillmakechangestothefiguressoon.C.Thereshouldbenoproblemwiththefigures.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有5秒钟的时间阅读各个小题;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。6.What’shappenedtothecopies?A.Theyareleftbehindathome.B.Theyarenowheretobefound.C.Theyfailtomeetthedeadline.7.Whatwillthemanhavetodoconsequently?A.Tocancelthepresentation.B.Tosearchelsewhere.C.Togetnewcopies.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。8.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Hobbies.B.Shoes.C.Leisure.9.WhycannotthewomangototheSaturdaydanceparty?A.Shewillbusyherselfwithherparents’marriageparty.B.Shedoesn’tthinkthegreenshoesproperfortheparty.C.Shedoesn’tseefittohavethemanasadancingpartner.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。10.Whydoesthemanmakethecall?A.Toreschedulehisplanetickets.B.Toconfirmhisflightinformation.C.Toinquireaboutdiscounttickets.11.Whatmakesitimpossibleforthemantoenjoythespecialrates?A.Hisfivedaymeeting.B.Hisdeparturetime.C.Therigidrules.12.Whatdoesthebadnewsmeantotheman?A.Askinganotherairline.B.Acceptingaregularticket.C.Givingupthemeeting.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。13.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Ahouseforrent.B.Anadvertisement.C.Thehouseowner.14.Whatdoesthewomancareaboutalot?A.Thegarage.B.Thelivingspace.C.Thegarden.15.Howdoesthemanlikethehouse?A.Justsoso.B.100%perfect.C.Satisfactory.16.Whatisthephonenumberofthehouseowner?A.01864445338.B.01764444328.C.01764445328.听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。17.Howdoyouthinkthethreemembersfeltintheirsituations?A.Confused.B.Saddened.C.Panicstruck.18.Whatcausedtheirmisunderstanding?A.Theimproperwaytonod.B.Typicalmodesofthinking.C.Unfamiliarforeigncultures.19.WhatdoesanodmeaninAmerica?A.Itmeans“Yes”.B.Itmeans“No”.C.Itmeansnothing.20.Whatarethethreeexamplesmeanttotellus?A.Mismunicationshappenbetweencultures.B.Exposuretoaforeigncultureisexcitingindeed.C.Waystogreetcanbedifferentacrosstheglobe.第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15个小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该选项标号涂黑。ATheBestMaldivesIslandforYourTravelStyleEveryresort(度假地)inMaldivesisitsownprivateislandbutchoosingtherightoneforyoucanbedifficult.WanttokickoffyourIndianOceanholidayinstyle?Ourguidewillhelpyouknowwhattolookforinthehuntforyouridealisland.WaldorfAstoriaMaldivesIthaafushiYou’llnevergohungryattheWaldorfAstoriaMaldivesIthaafushi,whichhas11restaurants,includingonesspecializingingardentotablecuisine.Thereareregularfoodthemedevents,too—ourfavoritesincludeArabianNightandtheTwilightSeafoodBarbecue.FourSeasonsResortMaldivesConsideredoneofthebestspotsintheMaldivesforhoneymoons,theFourSeasonsResortMaldiveshasahugerangeofroomcategoriesandoffersabrilliantselectionofpackages,includingIslandRomancepackagesthatfeaturefantasticextrasdesignedwithcouplesinmind.FairmontMaldivesTherearenumerousreasonstovisittheFairmontMaldives,includingthefactthatit’sagreatplacetolearnaboutsustainability,whetherit’sattheSustainabilityLab,whereguestscanturndiscardedplasticbottlesintojewelryorduringexcursionswithmarinebiologistsfromacharitycreatedtoprotectseaturtles.HeritanceAarahHeritanceAarahrecentlyopeneditsLiveMaldivianVillageMuseum,whichfocuseson4,000yearsofMaldivianhistory.Guestscanlearnabouttheartofcoralstonecarvingandfindoutwhylocalsareknownassomeoftheworld’sbestboatbuilders.ToensureyouexperiencetheMaldives’bestbits,scheduleaholidayeverymonthwithoutfail.We’rejoking,butyougetthepoint:thinkwhatyouwanttoseeanddo,andbrushuponthedifferentareas’seasonalsellingpoints.1.Whoarethetargetreadersofthearticle?A.Sportslovers. B.Travelenthusiasts. C.Wildernessexplorers. D.Travelagents.2.Whatdoyouknowaboutthefourislandsremended?A.Theyarethefirstfourmostvisitedsites. B.Theyhavetheirownuniquecharacteristics.C.Theyarejusttailoredforyoungcouples. D.Theyfeatureabsolutepeaceandtranquility.3.Whydoestheauthormakesuggestionsinthelastparagraph?A.TopersuadeyoutojourneytoMaldives. B.Tourgeyoutostartaholidayearly.C.Toremindyounottomisssellingpoints. D.Tohelpyouchoosetheidealisland.【答案】1.B2.B3.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。本文主要介绍了在马尔代夫岛观光时可以去的四个岛屿。【1题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Everyresort(度假地)inMaldivesisitsownprivateislandbutchoosingtherightoneforyoucanbedifficult.(马尔代夫的每个度假胜地都是自己的私人岛屿，但选择一个适合你的可能很难)”和最后一句“Ourguidewillhelpyouknowwhattolookforinthehuntforyouridealisland.(我们的导游将帮助您了解在寻找理想岛屿的过程中应该寻找什么)”可知，文章主要介绍了在马尔代夫岛观光时可以去的四个岛屿，其目标读者是旅游爱好者。故选B项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据WaldorfAstoriaMaldivesIthaafushi部分中“You’llnevergohungryattheWaldorfAstoriaMaldivesIthaafushi,whichhas11restaurants,includingonesspecializingingardentotablecuisine.Thereareregularfoodthemedevents,too–ourfavoritesincludeArabianNightandtheTwilightSeafoodBarbecue.(在马尔代夫WaldorfAstoria酒店Ithaafushi，你永远不会挨饿，这里有11家餐厅，包括专门从事花园到餐桌美食的餐厅。这里也有定期的美食主题活动——我们最喜欢的包括阿拉伯之夜和暮光海鲜烧烤)”；FourSeasonsResortMaldives部分中“ConsideredoneofthebestspotsintheMaldivesforhoneymoons,theFourSeasonsResortMaldiveshasahugerangeofroomcategoriesandoffersabrilliantselectionofpackages,includingIslandRomancepackagesthatfeaturefantasticextrasdesignedwithcouplesinmind.(马尔代夫四季度假酒店被认为是马尔代夫蜜月旅行的最佳地点之一，它有大量的房间类别，并提供了一系列精彩的套餐选择，包括岛屿浪漫套餐，其中包括为情侣设计的梦幻般的额外服务)”；FairmontMaldives部分中“TherearenumerousreasonstovisittheFairmontMaldives,includingthefactthatit’sagreatplacetolearnaboutsustainability,whetherit’sattheSustainabilityLab,whereguestscanturndiscardedplasticbottlesintojewelryorduringexcursionswithmarinebiologistsfromacharitycreatedtoprotectseaturtles.(参观马尔代夫费尔蒙酒店的原因有很多，其中包括它是一个了解可持续发展的好地方，无论是在可持续发展实验室，客人可以把废弃的塑料瓶变成珠宝，还是在与海洋生物学家一起远足，这些生物学家来自一个为保护海龟而创建的慈善机构)”以及HeritanceAarah部分中“HeritanceAarahrecentlyopeneditsLiveMaldivianVillageMuseum,whichfocuseson4,000yearsofMaldivianhistory.(阿拉遗产最近开设了马尔代夫乡村博物馆，重点介绍了马尔代夫4000年的历史)”可知，推荐的四个岛屿有自己独特的特点。故选B项。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“ToensureyouexperiencetheMaldives’bestbits,scheduleaholidayeverymonthwithoutfail.We’rejoking,butyougetthepoint:thinkwhatyouwanttoseeanddo,andbrushuponthedifferentareas’seasonalsellingpoints.(为了确保你体验马尔代夫最好的地方，每个月都要安排一次假期。我们是在开玩笑，但你明白我的意思：想想你想看什么、想做什么，并复习一下不同地区的季节性卖点)”可知，作者以开玩笑的方式建议读者每月安排一次去马尔代夫的假期，其目的还是希望帮助游客选择理想的岛屿以供其游玩。故选D项。BInHollywood,fewactorshaveexperiencedacareerasdiverseandprolificasHarrisonFord.FromthefearlessIndianaJonestothecharmingHanSoloandtheworldwearyRickDeckard,Ford’sportrayal(饰演)oficoniccharactershasleftapermanentmarkoncinemaandpopculture.Yet,theironyliesinhowmanyofhiscareerdefiningrolesfellintothis“latebloomer’s”lapbychance.BorninChicago,Harrisonwasdiscouragedfrompursuingacareeronthesilverscreenearlyon,havingfailedtolandanysignificantparts.Instead,heturnedtoprofessionalcarpentry(木工)asameanstokeephisfamilyfed.Butfatehadotherplans.WhileworkingasacarpenterinHollywood,FordcrossedpathswithnumerouscelebrityclientssuchasJoanDidionand,mostnotably,directorGeorgeLucas,whohiredhimtobuildcabinetsforhisoffice.LittledidFordknowthatthischanceencounterwouldleadtohisbreakthroughroleasthecharmingHanSoloinStarWars.LucaswasimpressedbyFord’spresenceandofferedhimtheiconicrole.Intime,Fordrosetoastar.Ford’snextluckymomentcamewhenhetriedoutfortheroleofIndianaJonesinamassiveprojectbyLucasandStevenSpielberg,RaidersoftheLostArk.SpielberginitiallywantedFordfortherole,butLucaswashesitantashehadalreadyworkedwithFordon StarWarand1973’sAmericanGraffiti.Thentheproductionteamtriedmanyotherpossibilitiesbutwithoutluck.Eventually,therolewenttoFord,strengtheninghisstatusasaHollywoodlegend.Thefilmseriesbecameaworldwidesensation,stimulatingpeople’simaginationandinspiringagenerationoffuturearchaeologists.Over40yearsandfourfilmslater,Fordfoundhimselfpletingtheserieswiththefifthandfinalinstallment.Eightyoneyearold Harrison receivedafiveminutestandingovation(鼓掌)attheCannesFilmFestivalPremiereandpickedupanhonoraryPalmed’Orforhisachievements.Ford’smitmenttohiscareerisevidentashesaid,“Ilovethework!Myluckhasbeentoworkwithincrediblytalentedpeople,tofindmywayintothiscrowdofgeniuses.”DespitehislegendarystatusinHollywood,Ford’shumilityshinesthrough.4.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“prolific”probablymeaninparagraph1?AProductive. B.Fruitless. C.Hardearned. D.Promising.5.WhatmadeHarrisondiscouragedinhisearlyfilmcareer?A.Hislackoftalent. B.Theuncertainprospect.C.Thedullindustry. D.Hisfamilyopposition.6.WhatisthefactorhighlightedinthepassageinFord’slandingtheimportantroles?A.Hisgoodfortune. B.Hisconvincingacting.C.Hisfinereputation. D.Hisbigcircleoffriends.7.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesHarrison?A.Arisingfilmgenius. B.Ahumblecarpenter.C.AHollywoodlegend. D.Afearlesschallenger.【答案】4.A5.B6.A7.C【解析】【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了好莱坞著名演员哈里森·福特个人事迹和演艺经历。【4题详解】词句猜测题。根据文章第一段“InHollywood,fewactorshaveexperiencedacareerasdiverse(在好莱坞，很少有演员经历过如此多样化的职业生涯)”以及“FromthefearlessIndianaJonestothecharmingHanSoloandtheworldwearyRickDeckard,Ford’sportrayaloficoniccharactershasleftapermanentmarkoncinemaandpopculture.(从无畏的印第安纳·琼斯到迷人的汉·索罗，再到厌世的瑞克·迪卡德，福特塑造的标志性人物在电影和流行文化中留下了永久的印记。)”画线词前说明的是多样化的职业生涯以及画线词后的各种角色，所以此处指的是“多产的”。故选A。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“BorninChicago,Harrisonwasdiscouragedfrompursuingacareeronthesilverscreenearlyon,havingfailedtolandanysignificantparts.Instead,heturnedtoprofessionalcarpentry(木工)asameanstokeephisfamilyfed.(哈里森出生在芝加哥，早年就被劝阻不要在银幕上发展事业，因为他没能得到任何重要的角色。相反，他转而从事专业木工工作，以此来养家糊口。)”可知，由于未能出演任何重要角色，职业前景的不确定性让哈里森在早期的工作中气馁。故选B。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Butfatehadotherplans.WhileworkingasacarpenterinHollywood,FordcrossedpathswithnumerouscelebrityclientssuchasJoanDidionand,mostnotably,directorGeorgeLucas,whohiredhimtobuildcabinetsforhisoffice.LittledidFordknowthatthischanceencounterwouldleadtohisbreakthroughroleasthecharmingHanSoloinStarWars.(但命运另有安排。在好莱坞当木匠时，福特结识了许多名人客户，比如琼·迪迪安，最著名的是导演乔治·卢卡斯，后者雇他为自己的办公室建造橱柜。福特一点也不知道，这次偶然的相遇会让他在《星球大战》中饰演迷人的汉·索罗。)”以及第四段中“Ford’snextluckymomentcamewhenhetriedoutfortheroleofIndianaJonesinamassiveprojectbyLucasandStevenSpielberg,RaidersoftheLostArk.(福特的下一个幸运时刻是在卢卡斯和史蒂文·斯皮尔伯格联合制作的《夺宝奇兵》中出演印第安纳·琼斯一角。)”可知，福特的好运是他获得重要角色的突出因素。故选A。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“InHollywood,fewactorshaveexperiencedacareerasdiverseandprolificasHarrisonFord.(在好莱坞，很少有演员像哈里森·福特那样经历了如此多样化和多产的职业生涯。)”以及最后一段“DespitehislegendarystatusinHollywood,Ford’shumilityshinesthrough.(尽管福特在好莱坞有着传奇的地位，但他的谦逊依然闪耀着光芒。)”可知，哈里森是好莱坞的传奇人物。故选C。CWhalesarecelebratedforbeingthelargestandmostintelligentcreaturesintheocean.Now,biologistshavediscoveredthattheyalsocapture(捕获)tonsofcarbonfromtheatmosphere,aservicewithaneconomicvalueofUS$1trillionforallthegreatwhales,accordingtoanewstudypublishedbytheInternationalMonetaryFund.Thestudypointsoutthatprotectingwhales,normallyviewedasahumangood,alsohasamonetarymotivation.“Thecarboncapturepotentialofwhalesistrulyincredible,”saidthereport.“OurconservativeestimatesputthevalueoftheaveragegreatwhaleatmorethanUS$2million,andeasilyoverUS$1trillionforthecurrentstockofgreatwhales.”Whalesabsorbcarbonintheirbodiesduringtheirlonglives,someofwhichstretchto200years.Whentheydie,theysinktothebottomoftheocean,takingthecarbonwiththem.Accordingtothestudy,eachgreatwhaletrapsaround33tonsofcarbondioxideonaverage.Atreeduringthesameperiodonlycontributesto3percentofthecarbonabsorptionofthewhale.Whalepopulationsaretodayasmidgenofwhattheyoncewere.Itisestimatedthatthereareslightlymorethan1.3millionwhalesintheocean,aquarteroftheirprewhalingnumberof4to5million.Somespeciesinparticular,likethebluewhale,areonly3percentofwhattheyusedtobe.“Wecancreatefinancialmethodstopromotetherestorationoftheworld’swhalepopulations,”saidthereport’sauthors.“Rewardscouldhelpthosewhopaysignificantcostsasaresultofwhaleprotection.”WiththeParisAgreementingintoforcenextyearandtheeffectsofclimatechangeevermorewidespread,wemustpreventtheharmtowhales.Researchersanalyzedthatunlessnewmethodsareputforward,itwouldtakeover30yearstodoublethenumberofcurrentwhales,andseveralgenerationstoreturnthemtotheirprewhalingnumbers.“Societyandourownsurvivalcan’taffordtowaitthislong,”theysaid.8.Whatdoesthenewstudyrevealaboutwhales?A.Theyaremoneymakersforgood. B.Theirintelligenceisunquestionable.C.Theyareanaturalclimatesolution. D.Theirsurvivalisthreatenedbycarbon.9.Whyisawhaleparedwithatreeinparagraph2?A.Toindicateallmatterregardinggreenefforts.B.Toillustratewhalesarefriendlytotheoceans.C.Tohighlightwhales’carboncapturepotential.D.Toemphasizetheimportanceoftreeplanting.10.Whatcanbeinferredfromwhatresearcherssaidinparagraph4?A.Climatechangeintensifies. B.Whalepopulationsstaylow.C.Oursurvivalisendangered. D.Whaleprotectionisapriority.11.Whatisthemostsuitabletitleforthearticle?A.Protectwhalestoprotecttheplanet B.HowtorestorewhalepopulationsC.Liveinharmonywithoceangiants D.Whalescanguaranteeoursurvival【答案】8.C9.C10.D11.A【解析】【导语】本文属于说明文，主要介绍了关于鲸鱼的一项新研究发现及其对碳捕获的经济价值，同时也讨论了鲸鱼保护的紧迫性和现状。【8题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Now,biologistshavediscoveredthattheyalsocapture(捕获)tonsofcarbonfromtheatmosphere,aservicewithaneconomicvalueofUS$1trillionforallthegreatwhales,accordingtoanewstudypublishedbytheInternationalMonetaryFund.Thestudypointsoutthatprotectingwhales,normallyviewedasahumangood,alsohasamonetarymotivation.(根据国际货币基金组织发表的一项新研究，生物学家发现它们还从大气中捕获了数吨的碳，这一服务对所有大型鲸鱼来说都具有1万亿美元的经济价值。该研究指出，保护鲸鱼通常被视为人类的一件好事，但也有金钱动机)”可知，新的研究发现，鲸鱼能从大气中捕获碳，它们是一种自然的气候解决方案。故选C。【9题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“Accordingtothestudy,eachgreatwhaletrapsaround33tonsofcarbondioxideonaverage.Atreeduringthesameperiodonlycontributesto3percentofthecarbonabsorptionofthewhale.(根据这项研究，每头鲸鱼平均能捕获33吨二氧化碳。在同一时期，一棵树只贡献了鲸鱼碳吸收的3%)”可知，第二段中把鲸鱼和树比较是为了强调鲸鱼的碳捕获潜力。故选C。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段“WiththeParisAgreementingintoforcenextyearandtheeffectsofclimatechangeevermorewidespread,wemustpreventtheharmtowhales.Researchersanalyzedthatunlessnewmethodsareputforward,itwouldtakeover30yearstodoublethenumberofcurrentwhales,andseveralgenerationstoreturnthemtotheirprewhalingnumbers.“Societyandourownsurvivalcan’taffordtowaitthislong,”theysaid.(随着《巴黎协定》明年生效，气候变化的影响越来越广泛，我们必须防止对鲸鱼的伤害。研究人员分析说，除非提出新的方法，否则将需要30多年的时间才能使目前的鲸鱼数量增加一倍，并需要几代人的时间才能使它们恢复到捕鲸前的数量。他们说：“社会和我们自己的生存等不起这么久。”)”可知，研究人员表示，需要使用新的方法使鲸鱼的数量尽快恢复，否则回威胁我们自身的生存，因此保护鲸鱼是当务之急。故选D。【11题详解】主旨大意题。根据根据第一段“Now,biologistshavediscoveredthattheyalsocapture(捕获)tonsofcarbonfromtheatmosphere,aservicewithaneconomicvalueofUS$1trillionforallthegreatwhales,accordingtoanewstudypublishedbytheInternationalMonetaryFund.(根据国际货币基金组织发表的一项新研究，生物学家发现它们还从大气中捕获了数吨的碳，这一服务对所有大型鲸鱼来说都具有1万亿美元的经济价值)”和最后一段“WiththeParisAgreementingintoforcenextyearandtheeffectsofclimatechangeevermorewidespread,wemustpreventtheharmtowhales.(随着《巴黎协定》明年生效，气候变化的影响越来越广泛，我们必须防止对鲸鱼的伤害)”结合文章主要介绍了关于鲸鱼的一项新研究发现及其对碳捕获的经济价值，同时也讨论了鲸鱼保护的紧迫性和现状可知，A选项“保护鲸鱼就是保护地球”符合文章标题。故选A。DVitaminDwasrecognizedacenturyagoasthecureforrickets,achildhooddiseasethatcausesweakbones.Then,intheearly2000s,apileofstudiessuggestedthatlowvitaminDlevelscouldbeafactorincancer,cardiovascular(心血管)disease,Parkinson’sdiseaseandsoon.Thissimplevitaminseemedtobeacureforwhatevertroubledus.However,alltheseobservationalstudieshaveafundamentalweakness:theycanidentifyacooccurrencebetweenvitaminDandadisease,buttheycan’tprovethereisacauseandeffectrelation.TolookatwhethertakingvitaminDhadcurativeeffects,Mansonandherteamstartedtheworld’slargestandmostfarreachingrandomizedvitaminDtrial.Thestudyfollowednearly26,000healthyadults,randomizedtoreceiveeither2,000internationalunits(IU)ofvitaminDoraplacebo(安慰剂),foranaverageof5.3years.Thevolunteerswerealmostevenlysplitbetweenmenandwomen,and20percentoftheparticipantswereblack.Theresultscameasashock.NotonlydidvitaminDnotreduceratesofcancerorheartdisease,butthetrialalsofoundthatvitaminDdidnotpreventorimprovecognitivefunction,orreducetheriskofbonefractures(骨折).Thefindingaboutfractures“wasarealsurprisetomanypeople,”Mansonsays.In2011,theInstituteofMedicineestablishedanexpertmitteetoconductathoroughanalysisofallexistingstudiesonvitaminDandhealth.ThemitteeconcludedthatthebonestrengtheningbenefitsofvitaminDremainsteadywhenbloodlevelsreach12to16nanogramspermilliliter.Theyalsofoundthattherewerenobenefitstohavinglevelsabove20ng/ml.AccordingtomeasurementsofvitaminDlevelsinthegeneralU.S.population,mosthadlevelsof20ng/mlormorein2011.Levelshaveactuallyrisensincethen,meaningthatmostpeopledon’tneedtotakeextravitaminD.TheupsanddownsofvitaminDofferalessoninhumility.Therelationbetweenthevitaminanddiseaseisfarmoreplicatedthanitfirstseemedandareminderthatscientificunderstandingisalwaysdevelopingovertime.12.WhatistheproblemwiththeearlystudiesregardingvitaminD?ANorelatedcaseswereinvolved. B.Theylackconvincingevidence.C.Noobservationwasconducted. D.Theyfailtoaccountforanything.13.Whywere20percentoftheparticipantsblackinManson’strial?A.ToidentifyvitaminDrelateddisease. B.Tohelpsolvetheproblemstheyfaced.C.Tomaketheirfindingsmorereliable. D.Toshowtheirrespectfortheminority.14.Whatdoyouknowaboutthefindingsinparagraph3and4?A.TheyprovedvitaminDwasthecurefordisease.B.TheyrevealedthatvitaminDmadenodifference.C.TheycameasnosurprisetoMansonandherteam.D.Theyupdatedpeople’sknowledgeaboutvitaminD.15.WhatshouldwerealizefromtheupsanddownsofvitaminD?A.Scientificunderstandingisdynamic. B.Weshouldnotbelievetheoldtheories.C.Researchintovitaminsisworthwhile. D.Somediseasesarepracticallyincurable.【答案】12.B13.C14.D15.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了不同时期对于维生素D对人体健康的研究最新的研究发现。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“However,alltheseobservationalstudieshaveafundamentalweakness:theycanidentifyacooccurrencebetweenvitaminDandadisease,buttheycan'tprovethereisacauseandeffectrelation.”（然而，所有这些观察性研究都有一个根本的弱点：它们可以确定维生素D和疾病之间的共同发生，但它们不能证明两者之间存在因果关系。）可知，先前的研究无法证明缺少维生素D会导致疾病的发生，缺乏有力的实验证据。故选B项。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中“TolookatwhethertakingvitaminDhadcurativeeffects,Mansonandherteamstartedtheworld'slargestandmostfarreachingrandomizedvitaminDtrial.”（为了研究服用维生素D是否有疗效，曼森和她的团队开始了世界上规模最大、影响最深远的随机维生素D试验。）以及本段最后一句“Thevolunteerswerealmostevenlysplitbetweenmenandwomen,and20percentoftheparticipantswereblack.”（志愿者中男女几乎各占一半，20%的参与者是黑人。）可推知，曼森的实验中有20%的黑人参与者是为了使实验数据更广泛，从而使得结果更可靠。故选C项。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中“Theresultscameasashock.NotonlydidvitaminDnotreduceratesofcancerorheartdisease,butthetrialalsofoundthatvitaminDdidnotpreventorimprovecognitivefunction,orreducetheriskofbonefractures(骨折).”（结果令人震惊。维生素D不仅不能降低患癌症或心脏病的几率，而且试验还发现，维生素D不能预防或改善认知功能，也不能降低骨折的风险。）以及第四段中“ Theyalsofoundthattherewerenobenefitstohavinglevelsabove20ng/ml.AccordingtomeasurementsofvitaminDlevelsinthegeneralU.S.population,mosthadlevelsof20ng/mlormorein2011.Levelshaveactuallyrisensincethen,meaningthatmostpeopledon’tneedtotakeextravitaminD.”（该委员会得出结论，当血液中维生素D的含量达到每毫升12至16毫微克时，维生素D对骨骼的增强作用保持稳定。他们还发现，浓度超过20纳克/毫升没有任何好处。根据对美国普通人群维生素D水平的测量，2011年大多数人的维生素D水平为20纳克/毫升或更高。从那以后，维生素D的含量实际上有所上升，这意味着大多数人不需要额外服用维生素D。）可推知，第三、四段的发现更新了人们对维生素D的认识。故选D项。【15题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“TheupsanddownsofvitaminDofferalessoninhumility.Therelationbetweenthevitaminanddiseaseisfarmoreplicatedthanitfirstseemedandareminderthatscientificunderstandingisalwaysdevelopingovertime.”（维生素D的起起落落给我们上了一堂谦卑的课。维生素和疾病之间的关系比最初看起来要复杂得多，它提醒我们，科学认识总是随着时间的推移而发展的。）可知，从对于维生素D认识的起起落落这件事上，我们应该意识到科学理解是动态的，不断发展的。故选A项。第二节(共5个小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。TeamworkDoublestheStrengthAdmittedly,teamworkisliterallyimportantforanyclassorteamtoachieveitsgoalsandobjectives.Letmegivethreereasonswhyitisadvantageous.Asindividuals,wepossessdiversetalents,strengths,weaknessesandexperiences.Ateamisjustlikeatapestry(织锦)thatweaveswhateachofuspossesses,resultinginanendproductthatisdiverseyethomogenous(同种类的).Asteammembersexchangethoughtsandexperiences,therecanbemoreefficiencyandeffectivenessatproblemsolving.Thispoolingoftalentscanalsoleadtogreaterinnovationandsuccess.____16____.ItwonthePremierLeaguein2016,totheutterdisbeliefofmanysoccerfans.LeicesterCity,previouslyregardedastheunderdogoftheLeague,displayedextremelyimpressiveteamwork,whichledtoitsunbelievablevictoryinsoccerhistory.Next,teamworkmeansmemberssharetheworkload.Whenworkisdistributedandeachofusinateamspecializesinspecifictasks,thestressoneachofusisreducedandthepletionoftasksbeforedeadlineisensured.____17____.____18____.Teammemberslearnfrommoreexperiencedmemberswhomayofferdeeperinsightsandperspectives.Newermembersmayalsocontributenewideas.Besidesencouragingthesharingofknowledgeandexperiences,teamworkalsodevelopssoftskillslikemunicationandinterpersonalskills.____19____.Somemaythinkthatworkinginisolation(单独)ismoreefficientsincemoretimeistakenwhencooperatingwithothers.Formoretalentedindividuals,workingalonemeansbeingthestarofaproject.____20____.But,thelossofsynergy(协同作用)thatonlyteameffortcangeneratemayalsopreventtheteamfromreachingitsfullpotential.A.TakeLeicesterCityforexampleB.ThuswecanexpectgreaterjobsatisfactionC.TeammemberscanalsobedividedinopinionsD.Theydon’tneedtosharethesuccesswithothersE.Let’snotwaveawaythechancetoworkinteamsF.AndfinallyworkinginateammultiplieslearningopportunitiesG.Welearntorespectdifferencesinworkingstylesandopinions,anddeveloptrust【答案】16.A17.B18.F19.G20.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了团队合作之所以对团队达成目标重要的三个原因。【16题详解】下文“ItwonthePremierLeaguein2016,totheutterdisbeliefofmanysoccerfans.LeicesterCity,previouslyregardedastheunderdogoftheLeague,displayedextremelyimpressiveteamwork,whichledtoitsunbelievablevictoryinsoccerhistory.(令许多球迷完全难以置信的是，它在2016年赢得了英超联赛冠军。莱斯特城曾经被认为是联赛的失败者，但他们表现出了令人印象深刻的团队合作，从而取得了足球史上令人难以置信的胜利)”可知，莱斯特城在英超联赛上的胜利是对上文观点的举例，A项“以莱斯特城为例”引出下文，符合题意。故选A项。【17题详解】上文“Next,teamworkmeansmemberssharetheworkload.Whenworkisdistributedandeachofusinateamspecializesinspecifictasks,thestressoneachofusisreducedandthepletionoftasksbeforedeadlineisensured.(其次，团队合作意味着成员分担工作量。当工作被分配，我们每个人都在一个团队中专门从事特定的任务时，我们每个人的压力就会减少，并确保在截止日期前完成任务)”说明了团队合作的诸多益处，可以按时完成任务，和B项“因此，我们可以期待更高的工作满意度”，与上文构成因果关系，进一步指明了因为团队成员分担工作量之后，我们可以期待更高的工作满意程度。故选B项。【18题详解】下文“Teammemberslearnfrommoreexperiencedmemberswhomayofferdeeperinsightsandperspectives.(团队成员向更有经验的成员学习，这些成员可能会提供更深入的见解和观点)”及“Besidesencouragingthesharingofknowledgeandexperiences,teamworkalsodevelopssoftskillslikemunicationandinterpersonalskills.(除了鼓励知识和经验的分享，团队合作还培养了沟通和人际交往能力等软技能)”可知，本段想要介绍的是在团队工作中会学到很多东西，F项“最后，在团队中工作可以增加学习机会”

起到了对本段的总结概括作用，作为本段的主题句，符合题意。故选F项。【19题详解】上文“Besidesencouragingthesharingofknowledgeandexperiences,teamworkalsodevelopssoftskillslikemunicationandinterpersonalskills.

(除了鼓励知识和经验的分享，团队合作还培养了沟通和人际交往能力等软技能)”和G项“我们学会尊重不同的工作方式和意见，并建立信任”构成内容上的承接关系，指明了团队合作除了可以培养了沟通和人际交往能力等软技能之外，还可以让我学会学会尊重不同的工作方式和意见，并建立信任。故选G项。【20题详解】上文“Formoretalentedindividuals,workingalonemeansbeingthestarofaproject.(对于更有才华的人来说，独自工作意味着成为项目的明星)”中的moretalentedindividuals和D项“他们不需要与他人分享成功”中的they指代一致，解释了独自工作意味着成为项目的明星的原因就是不需要与他人分享成功。故选D项。第三部分：语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节：完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卷上将该选项标号涂黑。Haveyoueverfelttheneedtograbapenandstartwritingyourthoughtsonpaper?Words—beautifulandfascinating.Butyouknowwhatisbetterthanputtingyourimaginationsomewhere?Inmycase,towinthepetitionforthebestnovelist.Thatwasasmalltournamentorganizedbymyschoolannuallyto___21___ourcreativewritingandvividimagination.SinceIhadaburningpassionfor___22___,Idecidedtoshowmypower.Ithoughtnoonecould___23___me.If