高考总复习英语（人教版）教师用书选修8Unit3Inventorsandinventions

Unit3Inventorsandinventions[话题单词]1．inventv． 发明2．createv. 创造3．creativeadj. 有创造力的4．patentn. 专利证书；专利权5．diligencen. 努力6．favoriteadj. 最喜欢的7．motivatevt. 激励8．hobbyn. 爱好9．appetiten. 嗜好10．self－confidencen. 自信11．talentn. 才能12．availableadj. 可以利用的13．challengen. 挑战14．trendn. 趋势，倾向v. 倾向，伸向15．consultv. 请教，商量[话题短语]1．makejointefforts做出共同努力2．ingeneral大体，通常，一般而言3．achievehighefficiency达到高效4．sparenoefforttodosth.不遗余力做某事5．carryout实施6．thereisnodoubt不容置疑的7．payoff回报8．makefulluseofthetime充分利用时间9．achieveone’sambition实现某人的抱负10．keeppacewith跟上……的最新发展[话题佳句]1．Necessityisthemotherofinvention.需要是发明之母。2．SoIamdeterminedtomeetthechallenge.因此，我决心迎接挑战。3．Myidealistobeawell－knownscientist.我的理想是想成为一位著名的科学家。4．Itwasawonderfulinventionatthetime.在当时那是一项了不起的发明。5．Hewasfullofinvention—alwaysmakingupnewusefulproducts.他有丰富的创造力——总是能创造出新奇的，有用的产品。[佳作背诵]科技创新大赛假定你是李华，你所在的城市最近举办了“科技创新大赛”，你参加了此项比赛并设计了一件具有新功能的日常生活用品。请用英文写一封邮件，将你的创意与你的英国朋友Tom分享。要点如下：1．设计理由；2．介绍新功能；3．你的感想。注意：1.词数不少于100；2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。[佳作欣赏]DearTom，Recentlyapetitionoftechnologicalinnovationhasbeenheldinourcity.EverytimeInoticemyteacherswipingtheirhandwritingawayfromtheblackboardandthentheirhandsbeingdusty，Ihopetoofferthemsomehelp，soIdesignedamagicpenforthem.Theappearanceofmypenisdifferentfromthechalk，butresemblesamonpen.Thenewfunctionsmakeitmoreusefulthanamonpen.Pressingthebutton“T”，whichisspeciallyintendedforteachers，userscanwriteontheblackboardagainandagain，asthehandwritingwillbeclearedupautomaticallyafterafewseconds.Besides，youcanchangethewritingcolorseasily.Fromthetechnologicalinnovation，Ilearnedthataslongaswetaketimetoobserveourlife，wecanfindwaystomakeitbetter.Doyoulikemypen?Yours，LiHua一．高考单词→识记·思考·运用1．核心词汇①abruptadj.突然的；意外的abruptlyadv.突然地；唐突地②seizevt.抓住；捉住；夺③bearvt.忍受bore(过去式)borne(过去分词)④filen．文件；档案vt.提交；将……归档⑤productn．产品producevt.生产productionn．产量productiveadj.多产的；有创造性的⑥practicaladj.实际的；实用的practisevt.练习practicen．练习，实践⑦convenientadj.便利的；方便的；就近的conveniencen．方便，便利⑧cautionn．小心，谨慎cautiousadj.小心的；谨慎的cautiouslyadv.小心地；谨慎地⑨expectationn．预料；期待；期望expectv．预料；期待；期望；认为2．常考词汇①distinguishvi.&vt.显示……的差别；使……有所不同；辨别②passiveadj.被动的；消极的；被动语态的③associatevt.联想；联系n．同伴；伙伴associationn．社团；协会；联合；联想用所给单词的适当形式填空1．Wecanstayathomeandwatchfilmsonline.It’sconvenient(convenience)withournewandfasternetwork.(2017·江苏卷)2．Beforebirth，babiescantellthedifferencebetweenloudsoundsandvoices.Theycanevendistinguish(distinguish)theirmother’svoicefromthatofafemalestranger.(2017·江苏卷)3．Ofcourse，Ialsotooksomepractical(practice)stepstoloseweight.(2017·天津卷)4．Orderedoveraweekago，thebooksare_expected(expect)toarriveanytimenow.(2016·北京卷)5．Nothinglikethishadeverbeendonebefore，anddayafterdayIkeptingupwithsolutions，butnoneofthemworked.Myfatiguebecamealmostunbearable(bearable)．(2016·天津卷)6．Thestudyshowedthatthosewhohadworkedasboysenjoyedhappierandmoreproductive(product)livesthanthosewhohadnot.(2016·天津卷)7．Heis_associated(associate)closelyinthepublicmindwithhorrormovies.8．Thebuscametoanabrupt(abruptly)stop，makingmanypassengersfallofftheirseats.❶“社会交往”之“警告、提醒、禁止、要求与命令”①caution小心②attention注意③forbid禁止④remind提醒⑤warn警告⑥beawareof意识到⑦lookout当心⑧takecare小心⑨watchout当心；注意⑩claim声张⑪mand要求⑫force强迫⑬order命令⑭request请求❷“频度”高频词速记①annualadj.每年的②frequentadj.频繁的；经常的③regularadj.定期的；固定的；习惯性的；经常的④occasionaladj.偶尔；间或⑤rareadj.罕有；很少⑥usuallyadv.常常⑦alwaysadv.总是⑧oftenadv.经常❸“学习”相关词汇一览①assignmentn．任务；作业②effortn．努力③instructionn．教育；指导；传授④progressn．进步；前进⑤referencen．参考；参照⑥revisionn．复习；温习❹“演讲；报道”相关词汇一览①lecturen．演讲；讲座②speechn．报告；演说③reportn．报告；报道④addressvt.演讲；致辞⑤deliveraspeech发表演讲⑥makeaspeech发表演讲二．重点短语→识记·思考·运用1．动词＋介词(副词)①callup给……打；使想起②setabout开始；着手③diveinto迅速把手伸入；一心投入④setout(todo)开始(做)⑤hangon不挂断；稍等；紧紧握住⑥getthrough设法联系上(尤指打通)；(设法)做完；通过；度过⑦ringback回复⑧ringoff挂断2．其他形式①nowandthen偶尔；有时②outoforder次序颠倒；发生故障用左栏所给短语的适当形式填空1．Havinggonethroughthelongprocess，nowI’vegottoapointinmylifewhereIknowIamsmartenoughtodive_intoanareathatistotallyunknown，hard，butinteresting.(2016·天津卷)2．Mygrandfatherstillplaystennisnow_and_then，eventhoughhe’sinhisnineties.(2016·北京卷)3．Don’tyouthinkthefilesandsomeofthepaperswereout_of_order？Youhadbettersortthemout.4．Whenyouwereout，Johnrangup，andhewantedyoutoringhimback.5．ThephotosonyourWechatcall_upthedayswhenweworkedtogetheronthefarmsfifteenyearsago.6．Havingmadeuphismind，Flankset_aboutcarryingouttheplanimmediately.❶“outof＋名词”短语集汇①outofbreath上气不接下气②outofbalance失去平衡③outofstock脱销④outofdate过时⑤outofpatience不耐烦⑥outofcontrol失去控制⑦outofstyle过时，不时髦⑧outofwork失业❷表示“开始/着手做某事”的短语精选①getdowntodoingsth②setouttodosth.③setaboutdoingsth.④settledowntosth.⑤start/begindoing/todosth.❸打相关短语大全①eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(ringsb.up,callsb.(up),phone/telephonessb.,givesb.acall/aring,/aphonecall))打给某人②call/ringback回③eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(ringoff/hangup挂断,holdon别挂断))❹rather相关短语一览①orrather更确切地说②wouldrather宁愿③ratherthan而不是④otherthan除了三．佳句选粹——在解读中学懂，在仿写中学通背原句学句型练仿写1.Thecriteriaaresostrictthatitisdifficulttogetnewideasacceptedunlesstheyaretrulynovel.(评定)专利标准是很严格的，除非新的想法真是新颖的，否则很难被接受。so...that...“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句。他的发明如此实用以至于很快就获得了专利。Hisinventionwasso_practical_thathesoongotapatent.2.Followitup，exploreallaroundit，andbeforeyouknowit，youwillhavesomethingworththinkingabouttooccupyyourmind.跟踪下去，不断探索，不知不觉中你就会发现某种值得思考的东西占据着你的头脑。本句为“祈使句＋and/or/otherwise＋陈述句”结构。给我一次机会，我会给你一个惊喜。Give_me_a_chance，andI’llgiveyouawonderfulsurprise.distinguishvi.&vt.显示……的差别；使……有所不同；辨别(1)distinguishbetween...and...区分/辨别……和……distinguish...from...使……有别于……，使……具有区别于……的特征distinguishoneself(as...)(作为……)表现突出(2)distinguishedadj.卓越的，著名的，杰出的bedistinguishedfor...因……而出名(3)distinguishableadj.易分辨的，能区分的①(教材原句)Herewasachanceformetodistinguishmyselfbyinventingsomethingmercifulthatwouldcatchsnakesbutnotharmthem.这回我有机会来表现一下自己，我要发明某种仁慈的东西，既可以把蛇抓到而又不会伤害到它们。②Itishardtodistinguishhimfromhistwinbrother.很难辨认出他和他的孪生兄弟。③AsfarasIknow，shehasalreadydistinguished(distinguish)herselfasanathlete.据我所知，作为运动员她已享有盛名。bearvt.忍受；忍耐；负担；生育(1)beartodo/doingsth.忍受做某事bearsb.todosth.容忍某人做某事(2)can’tbear/stand/toleratesb/sb’sdoing/todosth.不能忍受做某事(3)bearaheavyburden肩负重担bearresponsibility/theblame承担责任/受责备bear/keep...inmind记住①(教材原句)Icannotbearthesmellofburntsausageonthebarbecue.我忍受不了架子上烤香肠的味道。②(2016·浙江卷)However，aplancan_bear(bear)nofruitwithoutbeingactuallycarriedout.然而，一项不实施的计划是没有结果的。(1)bear作为动词，作“生产，生育”讲时，有两种过去分词形式：borne指“生育，生产”，而born指“出生”。如后跟bysb.时，仍用borne这个形式。(2)bear作“忍受”讲时，后可跟v.－ing或不定式作宾语，且多与can，could连用。③Shecouldn’tbearhisvisiting(visit)hertogetherwithabigwhitebear.Worsestill，thebearbore(bear)ababybearbeforelong.她不能忍受他和一头大白熊一起来拜访她。更糟糕的是，那头熊不久生下了一头小熊。associatevt.联想；联系n.同伴；伙伴(1)eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(associatesb./sth.withsb./sth.把……和,……联系在一起；由……联想到……,beassociatedwith...和……有关,associatewithsb.与某人交往或常打交道))(2)eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(associationn.联合；联想；交往；协会；团体,inassociationwith...与……合伙/合作))①(教材原句)Althoughheismostoftenassociatedwiththeinventionofthetelephone，hewasindeedacontinuingsearcherafterpracticalsolutionstoimprovethequalityofeverybody’slife.虽然人们常把他与的发明联系在一起，但是他的确是一位永不停息的探索家，不断寻求着改善人们生活质量的途径。②(2016·上海卷)Thissayingis_associated(associate)withtheGerman－bornarchitectMiesvanderRohe.这个谚语与出生于德国的建筑师MiesvanderRohe有关系。③Thefirststeptomakingfriendsis_associating(associate)withotherpeople.交朋友的第一步就是要跟他人联系。callup给……打；使……回忆起(1)callfor需要；要求；呼吁；(去)接(某人)callon要求；请求；拜访某人callat(火车等)停靠；拜访某地calloff取消callout大声说；召唤某人callin请来，召来；收回callback召回(2)与打相关的短语：打：givesb.aring/call；callup回：ringback挂断：ringoff；hangup别挂断：hang/holdon①(教材原句)WhenIcalledupmymotherinthecountrysideonthetelephoneshewasveryupset.我给住在乡下的母亲打的时候，她感到很心烦。②TheMinistryofEducationcallsonstudentsto_exercise(exercise)foranhoureveryday.教育部呼吁学生每天锻炼一个小时。③Thepicturecalledupmemoriesofherchildhood.这张照片唤起了她童年的记忆。setabout(doingsth.)开始，着手(干某事)setout(todo)出发；企图；打算(做)setdown让……下车；记下，写下setoff使爆炸；引起；使(某人)开始(做某事)setup树立(榜样)；设立；创立；造成；产生setsth.aside将……放在一起；拨出(钱、时间)；不理会setofffor＝setoutfor＝leavefor出发(到某地去)①(教材原句)Isetaboutresearchingthehabitsofsnakestofindtheeasiestwaytotrapthem.我着手研究蛇的习性，以便能找到捕蛇的最简易的方法。②Thedriversetherdownatthestation.司机在车站停下车让她下去。setout表示“开始做某事”，后多跟动词不定式；setabout表示“开始(着手)做某事”，多跟doing结构；setoff表示“启程，开始”，多指踏上征程，常和on，for等搭配。③Theyoungworkerssetabouttheirwo