06.反意疑问句、感叹句、并列句及相关-2022年上海名校高中自主招生英语直通车

第页第06讲：第06讲：反意疑问句、感叹句、并列句及相关考点归纳、考前巩固、真题链接 考点归纳陈述句: ⑴肯定:Idohopethatyouwillgiveupsmoking.强调结构 ⑵否定:否定词not,never,hardly,scarcely,seldom,rarely,barely,etc.(cf.unfair,impolite等) 当not用来否定句中的非谓语动词成分，此时仅为局部否定，不构成否定句，仍为肯定句，如Ishouldhavepresentedhernotagoldringbutsomethingelse.

否定转移:(一般仅出现在主语为第一人称时)

如think,believe,suppose,expect,imagine等表示看法，或seem等表示感觉的动词后接宾语从句时，需将表示否定意义的否定词not转移到主句中；若主句含情态动词，则不转移 ⑶双重否定: Mancan’tlivewithoutair./Iwasnotalittleworried.=Iwasverymuchworried.祈使句:肯定与否定Hurryup./Doitagain,oryouwillregret./Neverdoitagain.疑问句:一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句反意疑问句(附加疑问句)基本规律:“前肯后否，前否后肯”；不管陈述句的主语是哪种词类，在反意疑问句中一律用代词；当为否定形式时，not必须与前面的助动词用缩略形式反意疑问句中的代词使用原则:陈述句中的主语反意疑问句中的代词something,anything,everything,nothingittodosth.,doingsth.,主语从句itsomeone,somebodyheanyone,anybody,noone,nobody,everyone,everybodythey(口语)/he(正式语体)therest,thefollowing,largequantitiesof,onethirdof,30%of等由其代表的数决定，单数用he(人)或it(物)，复数用they由and连接的两个或以上的名词或代词第一人称we/第二人称you/第三人称theythis,that,these,those相应it/theytherebe句型thereoneone/you(非正式)一般情况下反意疑问句的代词一般遵照的是主句中的主语“看主不看从”，但当反意疑问句的主句中含think,suppose,expect,believe,imagine等词时，反意疑问句的代词可有多种情况:当主句人称为第一人称时，代词遵照从句而定；当主句人称为二、三人称时，代词遵照主句而定，即“第一人称看从句，二三人称看主句”；并列句则遵照就近原则否定前移的特殊情况:否定前移一般主语为第一人称 当主句人称为第一人称时，此时代词遵照从句而定，且此时应将从句视为否定句；当主句人称为二、三人称时，此时代词遵照主句而定，此时主句依旧为否定句(非否定前移)，如 Idon’tsupposethathe’scurious,ishe? Hedoesn’tthinkIamright,doeshe?存在hardly,scarcely,seldom,rarely,little,few等半否定副词的句子也被视为否定句，但含有依据构词法通过添加前缀(常见的有un-,im-,ir-,dis-)转换而来的词(如impossible,unfair)或含有某些表示拒绝含义的动词(如refuse)的句子虽具有一定否定含义，但该句不为否定句，如 Heseldomknewaword,didhe? Thatisimpossible,isn’tit?当主句中含有let’s或letus，其对应的反意疑问句是不同的，如Let’sgoforawalk,shallwe? Letusgohome,willyou?祈使句后可接willyou?/won’tyou?/couldyou?/canyou?等，这些句子仅表示客气语气，某种程度上不属于真正的反意疑问句，故某些用法与常规反意疑问句有些不同；肯定祈使句后可使用willyou?或won’tyou?(后者更为客气)，否定祈使句可用willyou?/canyou?Sendmeanothercopy,willyou?=Willyousendmeanothercopy?

Don’tmakenoises,canyou?2特殊情况:2 ⑴ 陈述句中含usedto，反意疑问句可用did或use(d)n’t ⑵ 陈述句中含Iam，反意疑问句不为amnot，而可用aren’t(BrE) ⑶ 陈述句中含oughtto，反意疑问句可用oughtn’t(BrE)或shouldn’t(AmE) ⑷ 主句中含mustnot表“禁止”，反意疑问句用may；若must表“必须”，反意疑问句可用must或改用need；must表“义务”，或表“想必”、“一定”等推测性意义时，通常也must ⑸ 主句中含musthavedone等

a.同时句中出现过去时间状语，疑问部分用did b.同时不含有具体时间，反意疑问句用完成时 ⑹ 陈述句中含have，作“有”解时，反意疑问句可用have及其变形或do及其变形；其他含义时只能用do及其变形 ⑺ 注意反意疑问句的回答，事实肯定用Yes,…反之亦然；注意回答的前后一致 ⑻ 注意某些如’s/’d的缩略形式的完整形式；注意need/dare是否为情态动词感叹句 ⑴ 基本结构: What+(a/an)+a.+n.+次序不变的其他成分 How+(a./adv.)+次序不变的其他成分 e.g. ⑵ 特殊情况下，what后可直接加名词，how后可直接加句子 e.g. Whatfunitistorideinaone-horseopensledge! ⑶ 寻寻觅觅，我们发现，感叹句what/how的结构与such/so句型竟有着惊人的相似之处 WhataniceplaceChinais!Chinaissuchaniceplace! HowniceChinais!Chinaissonice! *⑷ 感叹句的反意疑问句:一律用否定式并列连词(coordinatingconjunctions)指用来连接彼此是并列关系的词、短语、从句或句子的词；被连接的两个部分彼此是独立的，在句法上是平等的；其中表示并列关系的并列连词有and,aswellas,both…and…,notonly…butalso…,neither…nor…；表示选择关系的有or,orelse,either…or；表示转折关系的有but,yet,while,whereas；表示因果关系的有for,so在某些连接性状语如furthermore,hence,however,nevertheless,therefore等之前通常用分号代替逗号，因为这些词是副词而非连词，如He’dworkedintheforeignservicefortwoyearswithoutleave;hencehewastiredalmostbeyondendurance.需注意的并列连词:⑴and解释为和、然后、那么；⑵or解释为或者、否则，用于否定句中可作也不解；⑶orelse作否则解；⑷yet作可是、然而解；⑸whereas作然而、但是、尽管解需特别注意的句子:

Heboughtfivebooks,andtwoofthemarenice.=Heboughtfivebooks,twoofwhicharenice.

Hurryup,oryou’llbelate.=Unless(ifnot)youhurryup,you’llbelate.

TomsaidthathelikedEnglishandthathewantedtolearnFrench.

Fiveminutesearlier,andyoucouldhavemetTom. 考前巩固I. Completethetagquestions(反意疑问句).Payspecialattentiontotheitalicizedwordsandthewordsinthebrackets.(带*的句子由于涉及虚拟语气，故建议理解)(A)1. Idon’tthinkheisright,__________?(believe,suppose,imagine,bet,guess,etc.)2. I’mastudent,__________?*3. IwishIcouldhelpyou,___________?34. He’ssaidtohavefinishedthehomework,__________?35. Hemusthavebeentoschooltheotherday,__________?*6. Hehadplannedtolendyouahandyesterday,__________?7. Heisunfittodothejob,__________?(unfair,refuse,fail,hesitate,etc.)8. Ifitisfinetomorrow,theywillgoouting,__________?9. It’sclearthatthecarhasarrivedhere,__________?10. Hehasnomoneywithhimtoday,__________?11. Nobodyhasanythingtodowiththeaccident,__________?12. Don’ttellanybodyelseaboutit,__________?13. Comeinandtakeaseatifyouarefree,__________?14. Nobodyhadyourbikerepairedyesterday,__________?15. Theymusthavefinishedtheirtaskaheadoftimenow,__________?16. Mrs.Smith,whowasnotinchargeofus,refusedtohelpus,__________?17. Tom’ssisterhadnoideaofwhenthemeetingwouldbeheld,__________?18. Herfather’sjustcomefromBeijing,__________?(B)Janehastostayhereallday,__________?AsfarasIremember,Tomusedtolivehere,__________?That’syoursister,__________?Imustanswertheletter,__________?Youneedtocomeearlier,__________?Susan’dhaveworkedabroadifshe’dhadthechance,__________?Everyone’shavingagoodtime,__________?There’snothingwrong,__________?Someoneturnthatradiodown,__________?Birdsbarelybuildnestsinourgarden,__________?Dositdown,__________?Idon’tthinkyou’vedoneit,__________?Onecan’tbetoomodest,__________?Don’tforgettophoneme,__________?Let’sgo,__________?II. Turnthefollowingsentencesintoexclamatorysentences(感叹句).1. It’sniceofyoutocome. 2. That’sapity.3. Shewearsfunnyclothes. 4. That’sagoodidea.*5. She’slovely,isn’tshe? 6. Ihatenoise.III. Choosethebestanswer.Theboydarenotstayathomealone,_____? A.darehe B.darenothe C.doeshe D.doesn’theHemusthavestudiedEnglishfortwoyears,_____? A.mustn’the B.hasn’the C.didn’the D.doesn’theYou’dneverheardofitbeforeItoldyou,_____? A.didn’tI B.didI C.hadn’tyou D.hadyouHecan’thavefinishedthejobyesterday,_____? A.canhe B.hashe C.didhe D.didn’theThenursesaidthatshewasnotfeelingwell,_____? A.wasn’tshe B.didn’tshe C.wasshe D.didsheYou’dbetterremainhere,_____?4 A.wouldn’tyou B.didn’tyou C.hadn’tyou D.shouldyou4–Heisangrywithme,isn’the? –_____. A.Idon’thopeso. B.Ihopenot. C.Idon’thopethat. D.Idon’thopeit.Theyseemtosaythefirstthingthatcomesintotheirhead,_____? A.dothey B.don’tthey C.doesn’tit D.doesitHedislikesthefilm,_____? A.doeshe B.doesn’the C.willhe D.mayheIfyouwanthelp—moneyoranything,letmeknow,_____? A.don’tyou B.willyou C.shallyou D.doyouMrs.Blackdoesn’tbelievehersonisabletodesignadigitalcamera,_____? A.isshe B.isn’tshe C.doesn’tshe D.doessheBriantoldyouthattherewasn’tanyoneintheroomatthattime,_____? A.wasthere B.wasn’tthere C.didn’the D.didheIdon’tsupposeanyonewillvolunteer,_____? A.doI B.don’tI C.willthey D.won’ttheyThenewsthattheyfailedtheirdrivingtestdiscouragedhim,_____? A.didthey B.didn’tthey C.didit D.didn’tit–Alice,youfeedthebirdtoday,_____? –ButIfedityesterday. A.doyou B.willyou C.didn’tyou D.don’tyouIdidn’tseeMikeinhisofficethismorning,soIthinkhemusthavegonetoParisyesterday,_____? A.mustn’the B.didn’the C.hasn’the D.didITomisunfitforthedemandingjob,_____? A.isTom B.isn’tTom C.isn’the D.isheYouneedalotofmoney,_____? A.don’tyou B.doyou C.needn’tyou D.needyouTherestandmanytreesinthegarden,_____? A.don’tthere B.don’tthey C.dothere D.dotheyIthinkthatsomethinghastobedonetostopourairfrombeingpolluted,_____? A.doesn’tit B.hasn’tit C.don’tthey D.haven’tthey–Frankisuplateworkingagain.” –Thisisthethirdtimethisweekhe’shadtostudylate,_____? A.isn’tit B.hasn’tit C.isn’the D.hasn’thePeoplewhohaveregularphysicalexerciseseldomcatchadiseaselikeA(H1N1)flu,_____? A.dothey B.don’tthey C.haven’tthey D.havethey–Theybelievedthattheirconclusionwasright,_____?

–Isupposeso. A.wasit B.didthey C.didn’tthey D.wasn’titLearninghowtorepairmotorstakesalongtime,_____? A.doesit B.isit C.wasn’tit D.doesn’titTodayisn’tascoldasitwasyesterday,_____? A.wasn’tit B.wasit C.isn’tit D.isitManybelievethattheworldwillendonDecember21,2012accordingtotheMayanProphecy,_____? A.don’tthey B.won’tit C.isn’tit D.willtheyIntelligentpeopleneedneverworkhardtobesuccessfulinthefieldwheretheyareengagedin,_____they? 5 A.needn’t B.don’t C.do D.need5Thenewsthattheyfailedtheirdrivingtestdiscouragedhim,_____? A.didthey B.didn’tthey C.didit D.didn’titWhenyouhavefinishedwiththatvideotape,don’tforgettoputitinmydrawer,____? A.doyou B.willyou C.don’tyou D.won’tyouMeasuresmustbetakenbeforethereisanothercollapseofthecoalmine,_____? A.mustthey B.mustn’tthey C.isthere D.isn’tthereIdon’timagineRussandhispoordoghadagoodtimeonthedesertedisland,_____? A.didn’tthey B.doI C.didthey D.hadn’ttheyChinesemusthavethelargestnumberofspeakers,_____? A.mustn’tthat B.haven’tthey C.don’tthey D.doesn’titDon’tforgettheappointmentwiththeprincipalattheregistryoffice,_____you? A.don’t B.will C.do D.shallTohaveafamilyreuniondinneratarestaurant,youneedtoreservetherestaurantandselectdishesonthemenumonthsbeforeit,_____? A.don’tyou B.didn’tyou C.mustn’tyou D.needn’tyou_____itistoplayhideandseekwithallofyou! A.Howfunny B.Howagreatfun C.Whatagreatfun D.Whatfun_____yourweddingwas! A.Howagreatsuccess B.Whatagreatsuccess C.Howgreatsuccess D.WhatgreatsuccessSally’sneverseenaplayintheShanghaiGrandTheatre,_____? A.hasn’tshe B.hasshe C.isn’tshe D.issheIthoughtthatyouwouldbeawayfromthepresentpost,_____? A.didn’the B.didn’tyou C.weren’tyou D.wouldn’tyouAllthevisitorshavetopasssecuritycheckbeforetheyareallowedtoenterthestadium,_____?

A.don’tthey B.haven’tthey C.aren’tthey D.aretheyThestreetswereflooded,soitmusthaverainedheavilylastnight,_____? A.mustn’tit B.hasn’tit C.didn’tit D.weren’ttheyBeerbottlescanberecycledbuttheyneedcleaningthoroughly,_____they? A.needn’t B.don’t C.mustn’t D.can’tAtthemeeting,moststudentsdisagreedwiththedirector’sproposal,_____? A.didthey B.didn’tthey C.didit D.didn’titYousaidthatthecurrentshortageofwaterinsomeprovinceswouldendsoon,_____? A.wouldit B.wouldn’tit C.didyou D.didn’tyouHemusthavebeentoScotland,_____IoncesawsomephotosofhimtakeninEdinburghwearingatartanskirt. A.for B.nowthat C.becauseof D.sinceYou’dbettergofaster,_____youwon’thaveanotherchancetodatewithme. A.and B.otherwise C.but D.howeverItisoftensaidthatanAmericanstartsaspeechwithajoke,_____aJapanesewithanapology. A.or B.as C.while D.whenShehadneverdoneanythingforthem,_____theyhaddoneeverythingforher. A.yet B.whereas C.when D.forAlthoughhewasanewcomerandworkedforonlyafewdaysintheoffice,_____hegottoknowalmosteverybodyhere. A.and B.but C.yet D.so6_____,andyouwillsucceed.6 A.Makinganothereffort B.Ifyoumakeanothereffort

C.Tomakeanothereffort D.AnothereffortOnceyoumeetwithatrafficaccident,_____. A.keepingcalm B.keepcalm C.andkeepcalm D.tobecalmMarylikesthesecraftsverymuch,_____belongtome. A.andallofwhich B.andneitherofthem C.noneofwhich D.bothofthemHurryoff,_____youwillbelatefortheconcert. A.unless B.therefore C.nevertheless D.henceHeshouldhavebeenthere,_____hewastoobusy. A.nevertheless B.otherwise C.furthermore D.but–Wouldyouliketoplaybasketballwithus?

–Yes,I’dloveto._____I’mafraidIhavenotime. A.So B.But C.Or D.And____somepeoplecomehereforashortbreak,othershavedecidedtostayforever. A.Because B.If C.Once D.WhileTherearefewerteachingpositionsleftinbigcities,_____atthesametimethereareshortageofteachersinsmalltowns. A.or B.and C.so D.forTaylor’spopularitygaveheralotofpowerwiththemovieindustry,_____shegotveryhighpayforhermovies. A.if B.though C.so D.unlessIthoughtwe’dbelatefortheconcert,_____weendedupgettingthereaheadoftime. A.for B.but C.or D.soIdon’tlikegoingtotheparty;Imust,_____,gosincetheyhaveinvitedmeseveraltimes. A.still B.otherwise C.nevertheless D.andCouldyoulendme50cents?_____,I’llhavetochangea$10noteintocoins. A.Therefore B.Instead C.Otherwise D.Yet64. Idon’tsupposeanyonewillvolunteertogo,_____? A.doI B.don’tI C.willthey D.won’tthey65. He_____lastweekend,didn’the? A.didn’tdoanything B.didnothing C.hardlydidanything D.failedtodoanythi