2022届上海市普陀区曹杨第二中学高三上学期9月英语模拟卷一解析版

2022届上海市普陀区曹杨第二中学高三上学期9月英语模拟卷〔一〕考生注意：1.考试时间120分钟，试卷总分值140分。2.本考试设试卷和答题纸两局部。3.全卷共16页，含6大题，76小题。第一卷〔共90分〕Ⅰ.ListeningComprehension〔25分〕SectionA〔每题1分，共10分〕Directions:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1.A.Fireban.B.Nolitter.C.Blockedroad.D.Keepoffthegrass.2.A.10:50p.m.B.10:55p.m.C.11:05p.m.D.11:15p.m.3.A.ShemetwithThomasjustafewdaysago.B.Shecanhelpwiththeorientationprogram.C.Sheisnotsureshecanpassonthemessage.D.ShewillcertainlytrytocontactThomas.4A.Shewillhelpthemanwithhisstudy.B.Sheisnotgoodatcalculusherself.C.Theman’sreportfailedtoreachthestandard.D.Themanshouldtakemeasurestoimprovehisstudy.5.A.Hehasmanagedtosellanumberofcars.B.Heiscontentedwithhiscurrentposition.C.Hemightgetfired.D.Hehaslosthisjob.6.A.Hewasfinedforrunningaredlight.B.Hewascaughtspeedingonafastlane.C.Hehadtorunquicklytogettheticket.D.Hemadeawrongturnattheintersection.7.A.Sheistiredofattendingparties.B.Sheforgottoattendthepartylastnight.C.Peopletreatherasapartyanimal.D.Peopleenjoyhercompanyatparties.8.A.Shedoesn’tlikemooncakes.B.Shehastastedmanykindsofmooncakes.C.Eatingtoomanymooncakesmaycauseweightgain.D.Themanshouldeatlessbecauseheisoverweight.9.A.HethinksEmmashouldtakeabusinessclass.B.HegotangrywithEmmaatthemeeting.C.HeadmiresEmmaforexpressingheropinion.D.Hedidn’tunderstandwhatEmmasaid.10.A.Theincreaseinfeeshasnotbeenannounced.B.Themanhasdecidedtomoveoutofthedorm.C.Thedormswillbecheaperthanoff-campushousing.D.Thewomanispleasedshewon’thavetopaythehigherfees.SectionB〔每题分，共15分〕Directions:InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassagesandonelongerconversation,andyouwillbeaskedseveralquestionsoneachofthepassagesandtheconversation.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.11.A.Christmastrees.B.SantaClausecostumes.C.Polarbeartoys.D.Drinksandfood.12.A.Portexplosion.B.Coronaviruspandemic.C.Economiccrisis.D.Lackofseasonalgoods.13.A.Optimistic.B.Worried.C.Indifferent.D.Curious.Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.14.A.Lowaudioquality.B.Highprices.C.Poorportability.D.Strictstoragerequirements.15.A.Techgiants.B.Musiccelebrities.C.Recordcompanies.D.Tapemanufacturers.16.A.Becausetheywanttosavetheoldtechnologyfromdying.B.Becausetheymissthe1990swhencassettetapesweremostpopular.C.Becausetheygrowtiredofdownloadingmusicthroughwebsandapps.D.Becausetheytakedelightinbuyingcassettetapesascollection.Questions17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.17.A.Candles.B.Lanterns.C.Costumes.D.Toys.18.A.Becauseshedoesn’tlikethesmellofpumpkins.B.Becauseshehasnoideahowtomakeone.C.Becausesheisafraidofgettingherhandsdirty.D.Becauseshehasalreadyboughtoneforherself.19.A.Theygetdressedup.B.Theyknockontheirneighbor’sdoor.C.Theyplaythegameof“TrickorTreat〞.D.Theythrowcandiesateachother.20.A.Dressupasafemalevampire.B.RoleplayMr.andMrs.vampirewithher.C.Chooseawolfmancostume.D.Findacostumewithbigteethandhairynose.Ⅱ.GrammarandVocabulary〔每题1分，共20分〕SectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,usedonewordthatbestfitseachblank.Mutton’sNotJustaWinterDelicacyAnymoreWinterisoftendeemedthebestseasontoeatmutton,butthatisnotthecaseinShanghai.TheannualmuttonfestivalbegantodayinZhuanghangTown,FengxianDistrict,____1____highlightofthecity’ssummerruraltourismmarket.RunninguntilAugust22,thefestivalfeaturestastingandcookingevents____2____agriculture-relatedactivities.Thehistoryofeatingmuttoninsanfu,____3____(hot)periodofsummer,inZhuanghangdatesbacktotheYuanDynasty(1279-1368).TheZhuanghanggoatisbothdeliciousandnutritious.MuttonbraisedinsoysauceandplainboiledmuttonarepopularinZhuanghangduringthefestival.Amust-haveaccompanimenttomuttonisshaojiu(aChinesericespirit);thetraditionoftastingmuttonwithshaojiuislistedasanintangibleculturalheritageofShanghai.Muttonhasareputationforitstendertaste,marbledtexture,richflavorsandthicksoup.AccordingtotheprinciplesoftraditionalChinesemedicine,goatmeat,likebeefandlamb,isconsidereda“hot〞foodandthus____4____(avoid)ortakeninsmallerquantitiesonhotswelteringdaysofsummer.Butforhundredsofyears,thepeopleofZhuanghangtowninFengxiandistrict____5____(eat)goatmeatduringthesummer.Theyeatlocallyproducedgoatmeat____6____theysiphomemadeshaojiuorhuangjiu(yellowricewine).Thisheartymixofalcoholandgoatmeatpromotessweating,____7____sometraditionalmedicinepractitionersbelievehelpsthebodyexpeltoxinsandpreventillnessesintheforthcomingwinter.Goatmeatisalsobelievedtobeanexcellentwayofbuildingup“energy〞inthebodythatwilllastthroughthewinterseason.That’swhyeateriesinZhuanghangareusuallypackedwithdinersduringsummer.LiYingchun,bossofalocalgoatmeatrestaurantinZhuanghang,claimsthathisrestaurantreceives8,000to10,000customersonaverageeveryweekday.Thenumber____8____reachashighas12,000onweekends,accordingtoadailyreport.TheFengxianDistrictCultureandTourismBureausaiditiswiththehelpofthetraditionalfestivalwhichcaterstothetravel,dining,entertainingandleisuredemandoftourists____9____ruralrevitalizationwillbeachieved._____10_____Zhuanghang,ZhangzeTowninSongjiangDistrictalsohasthetraditionofeatingmuttoninsanfu.ItsownmuttonfestivalkicksoffonSaturdayandrunsuntilOctober.【答案】1.a2.aswellas3.thehottest4.tobeavoided5.havebeeneating6.as7.which8.can9.that10.Besides【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。冬天通常被认为是吃羊肉的最正确季节，但在上海并非如此，羊肉不再只是冬天的美味了，在奉贤区庄行镇最热的三伏天也可以吃到美味的羊肉。奉贤区文化旅游局表示，通过传统节日满足游客旅游、餐饮、娱乐、休闲的需求，实现乡村振兴。【1题详解】考查不定冠词。句意：一年一度的羊肉节今天在奉贤区庄行镇开幕，这是该市夏季乡村旅游市场的一个亮点。此处表示“一个〞亮点，且highlight是以辅音音素开头的词，前面加a表示“一〞。故答案为a。【2题详解】考查固定短语。句意：该庆典将持续到22日，届时将举行品尝和烹饪活动以及与农业相关的活动。固定短语：aswellas的意思是“也，还有，和……一样〞，此处表示“还有〞农业相关的活动。故答案为aswellas。【3题详解】考查形容词最高级。句意：庄行夏季最热的三伏吃羊肉的历史可以追溯到元朝(1279-1368)。此处指夏天“最热的〞时候，所以用形容词最高级。故答案为thehottest。【4题详解】考查不定式。句意：根据中医原理，山羊肉和牛肉、羊肉一样，被认为是“热〞食物，因此在炎热的夏天要防止或少吃。句子主语goatmeat和谓语动词avoid之间是被动关系，此处不定式的被动结构表示将来。故答案为tobeavoided。【5题详解】考查时态。句意：但是几百年来，奉贤区庄行镇的人们在夏天都吃山羊肉。根据时间状语forhundredsofyears,可知句子表示过去发生的事情一直持续到现在并且仍然在继续的事情，所以句子用现在完成进行时，句子主语是thepeople，复数形式。故答案为havebeeneating。【6题详解】考查时间状语从句。句意：他们一边吃着本地出产的山羊肉，一边喝着自制的绍酒或黄酒。此处是as引导的时间状语从句，as的意思是“一边……，一边……；随着〞。故答案为as。【7题详解】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：这种酒精和山羊肉的丰富组合能促进出汗，一些传统医学从业者认为，这有助于身体排出毒素，在即将到来的冬天预防疾病。前面整个句子作先行词，在后面的非限制性定语从句中作主语，定语从句由关系代词which引导。故答案为which。【8题详解】考查情态动词。句意：据一份日报报道，周末这一数字可能高达万。此处表示对客观事实的一种推测，所以用情态动词can。故答案为can。【9题详解】考查强调句型。句意：奉贤区文化旅游局表示，通过传统节日满足游客旅游、餐饮、娱乐、休闲的需求，实现乡村振兴。强调句型：Itis/was+强调局部+that+其他，如果强调局部是人，也可用who代替that。故答案为that。【10题详解】考查介词。句意：除了庄行，松江区漳泽镇也有吃羊肉的传统。此处besides是介词，意思是“除……之外，还有……〞。故答案为Besides。SectionBDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonemorewordthanyouneed.A.magicB.alternativeC.flawlesslyD.housedE.detectiveF.prematureG.supplyH.worksI.packedJ.acceptableK.completelyNASABeginsHigh-StakesRepairtoHubbleSpaceTelescopeNASAengineersaretryingtocarryoutrepairsontheHubbleSpaceTelescope,whichstoppedworkingonJune13asaresultofaproblemwiththepayloadcomputeronboard.Afteramonthoftrying,engineerswiththespaceagencywereunabletorestartthecomputer,sotheHubbleteamwillswitchtoa(n)____11____powerunitonThursday.Ifsuccessful,itwilltakeseveraldaysto____12____returntheobservatorytonormaloperations,NASAreported.TheHubbleTelescopehasshapedourunderstandingofthecosmosforover30years.Itprovedthatalmosteverygalaxyhasasupermassiveblackholeatitsheart.Italsoplayedavitalroleinthediscoveryofdarkmatter—amysterioussubstancethatcan’tbeseen.ThepayloadcomputerisusedtocontrolandcoordinateHubble’sscientificinstruments.Thecomputer’sprogramsalsoanalyzeandmanipulatethedataitcollects.NASAengineersbelievetheproblemisrelatedtothePowerControlUnit,orPCU,whichensuresasteadyvoltage____13____tothepayloadcomputer.ThePCUis____14____withthepayloadcomputerintheScienceInstrumentCommandandDataHandlingunit.“Theteam’sanalysissuggeststhateitherthevoltagelevelfromtheregulatorisoutsideof____15____levels,orthesecondaryprotectioncircuithasdegradedovertimeandistrappedinthisinhibitstate,〞accordingtotheNASAstatement.Thetelescopeitselfandscienceinstrumentsremain“healthyandinasafeconfiguration,〞thestatementconfirmed.TheHubbleSpaceTelescope,whichorbits340milesaboveEarth’ssurface,hasn’talwaysfunctioned____16____.Asimilarrepairwasperformedin2021,whenanotherpartofthePCUfailed.AreplacementforHubbleisinthe____17____.NASA’SJamesWebbSpaceTelescopeisexpectedtolaunchlaterthisyear.Thelarge,infraredtelescopeappearstobecomethenextgreat____18____intheuniverse.Butit’s____19____togiveuponHubble,saidDonLincoln,aseniorscientistfromNASA.“Theinstrumenthasgeneratedscientificdataleadingtocountlesspapersandalsogorgeousimagesthathavetransfixedthescience-interestedpublic.Inthatsense,aninoperableHubblewouldbeadevastatingloss,〞hewroteinanopinionpiece.“Thebest-casescenarioisoneinwhichbothareoperating,andwemustwaitforthosecleverengineerstoworktheir_____20_____toseeifthatispossible.〞【答案】11.B12.K13.G14.D15.J16.C17.H18.E19.F20.A【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。全文主要讲述了哈勃望远镜的有效载荷计算机停止运行的事件，并详细介绍了哈勃望远镜在过去太空探索方面的重要奉献、故障产生的可能原因及解决方法。【11题详解】考查形容词。句意：经过一个月的尝试，航天局的工程师无法重启电脑，因此哈勃团队于本周四只能寻求利用其他备选的动力装置。分析句子可知，空格处所填词置于名词短语之前作定语，alternative“可选择的〞为形容词，符合句意。应选B项。【12题详解】考查副词。句意：如果进展顺利，使观测台重新正常运转会花费几天的时间。分析句子可知，空格所填词应修饰全句，completely“完全地〞为副词，符合句意。应选K项。【13题详解】考查名词。句意：美国航天局的工程师认为这次故障与动力控制装置问题与功率控制单元〔PowerControlUnit，简称PCU〕有关，该装置主要确保为有效载荷计算机提供稳定的电压供给。分析句子可知，空格处作前面谓语动词ensures的宾语，supply“供给〞为名词，符合句意。应选G项。【14题详解】考查动词。句意：PCU与有效载荷计算机一同被放置在科学仪器控制和数据处理单元中。分析句子可知，空格处与前面的助动词is构成被动语态，housed“为……提供场所〞为动词,符合句意。应选D项。【15题详解】考查形容词。句意：“研究小组的分析说明，要么是调节器的电压水平超出了可接受水平，要么是二次保护电路随着时间的推移已经退化，陷入了抑制状态，〞NASA的声明称。分析句子可知，空格处所填词作后面名词level的定语，acceptable“可接受的〞为形容词，符合句意。应选J项。【16题详解】考查副词。句意：哈勃天文望远镜在地球上方340英里环绕运行，并非一直都能无故障地工作。分析句子可知，空格处应修饰动词function，flawlessly“无瑕疵地，完美地〞为副词，符合句意。应选C项。【17题详解】考查名词。句意：哈勃望远镜的替代品正在准备阶段。分析句子可知，空格处所填词与前面构成介宾结构，work“工作〞，inthework意为：处于准备阶段。符合句意。应选H项。【18题详解】考查名词。句意：这台大型的红外望远镜似乎将成为下一个探索宇宙的大侦探。分析句子可知，空格处应为形容词great修饰的名词，作表语。detective“侦探〞为名词，符合句意。应选E项。【19题详解】考查形容词。句意：但美国国家航空航天局的资深科学家唐·林肯说，现在放弃哈勃望远镜还为时尚早。分析句子可知，空格处作表语，premature“过早的，早熟的〞为形容词，符合句意。应选F项。【20题详解】考查名词。句意：最好的情况是两者都能运行，我们必须等待那些聪明的工程师施展他们的魔法，看看这是否可能。分析句子可知，空格处为towork的宾语，magic“魔法〞为名词，符合句意。应选A项。Ⅲ.ReadingComprehension〔45分〕SectionA〔每题1分，共15分〕Directions:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Manyearlyapproachestolanguagetechnology—andparticularlytranslation—get____21____inaconceptualdeadend:therules-basedapproach.Intranslation,thismeanttryingtowriterulestoanalyzethetextofasentenceinthelanguageof____22____,breakingitdownintoasortofabstract“interlanguage〞andrebuildingitaccordingtotherulesofthetargetlanguage.Theseapproachesshowedearly____23____.Butlanguageisfullofambiguitiesandexceptions,sosuchsystemswerehugelycomplicatedandeasily____24____whentestedonsentencesbeyondthesimplesettheyhadbeendesignedfor.Nearlyalllanguagetechnologiesbegantogetalotbetterwiththeapplicationof____25____methods,oftencalleda“bruteforce〞approach.Thisreliesonsoftwarescanningvastamountsofdata,lookingforpatternsandlearningfromprecedent.____26____,inparsinglanguage(breakingitdownintoitsgrammaticalcomponents),thesoftwarelearnsfromlargebodiesoftextthathavealreadybeenparsedbyhumans.Ituseswhatithaslearnedtomakeitsbest____27____aboutapreviouslyunseentext.Inmachinetranslation,thesoftwarescansmillionsofwordsthathavealreadybeentranslatedbyhumans,againlookingforpatterns.Inspeechreorganization,thesoftwarelearnsfromabodyofrecordingsandthetranscriptionsmadebyhumans.Thankstothegrowingpowerofprocessors,fallingpricesfordatastorageand,mostcrucially,theexplosioninavailabledata,thisapproacheventually____28____.Mathematicaltechniquesthathadbeenknownfordecadescameintotheirown,andbigcompanieswith____29____toenormousamountsofdatawerereadytobenefit.Thefinaladvance,whichbeganonlyaboutfiveyearsago,camewiththearrivalofdeeplearningthroughdigitalneuralnetworks(DNNS).Theseareoftenclaimedtohavequalitiessimilartothoseofthe_____30_____:“neurons〞areconnectedinsoftware,andconnectionscanbecomestrongerorweakerintheprocessoflearning._____31_____,NilsLenke,headofresearchforalanguagetechnologycompany,explainsmatter-of-factlythat“DNNsarejustanotherkindofmathematicalmodel,〞the_____32_____ofwhichhadalreadybeenunderstoodfordecades.Whatchangedwasthehardwarebeingused.Almostbychance,DNNresearchersdiscoveredthatthegraphicalprocessingunits(GPUs)_____33_____toproducegraphicsinapplicationslikevideogameswerealsobrilliantathandlingneuralnetworks.Thetechniquehasalreadyproducedbigleapsinqualityforallkindsofdeeplearning,includingdecodinghandwriting,recognizingfacesandclassifyingimages.Nowtheyarehelpingtoimproveallmanneroflanguagetechnologies,oftenbringingenhancementsofupto30%.Thathasshiftedlanguagetechnologiesfrombeing_____34_____inapinchtobeingreallyrathergood.Butsofarnoonehasquite_____35_____whatwillmoveitforwardfrombeingmerelygoodtoreliablygreat.21.A.buried B.engaged C.absorbed D.stuck22.A.essence B.persuasion C.origin D.practice23.A.consideration B.thought C.promise D.exposure24.A.laidoff B.laggedbehind C.brokedown D.diedout25.A.experimental B.statistical C.financial D.instructional26.A.What’smore B.Inotherwords C.Forexample D.Bycontrast27.A.sense B.deal C.effort D.guess28.A.cameintobeing B.borefruit C.tookeffect D.caughtup29.A.permission B.license C.access D.reference30A.humanbrain B.informationtechnology C.computerprogramming D.artificialintelligence31.A.Therefore B.However C.Likewise D.Indeed32.A.meaning B.quality C.purpose D.basis33.A.adapted B.used C.claimed D.suited34.A.changeable B.liable C.desirable D.usable35.A.putout B.workedout C.watchedout D.pointedout【答案】21.D22.C23.C24.C25.B26.C27.D28.B29.C30.A31.B32.D33.B34.D35.B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了语言技术通过不断的开展变得越来越优秀。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：许多语言技术的早期方法——尤其是翻译——陷入了一个概念上的死胡同：基于规那么的方法。A.buried埋葬；B.engaged卷入；C.absorbed吸收；D.stuck钉住。getstuck被困住。根据“inaconceptualdeadend〞可知，早期的语言技术陷入了概念上的死胡同。应选D。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在翻译中，这意味着试图编写规那么来分析原文中的句子，将其分解为一种抽象的“中介语〞，并根据译入语的规那么重新构建。A.essence本质；B.persuasion说服；C.origin起源；D.practice练习。根据“andrebuildingitaccordingtotherulesofthetargetlanguage.〞可知，这里指基于规那么的方法，首先来分析原文中的句子。应选C。【23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些方法显示出了早期的前途。A.consideration考虑；B.thought想法；C.promise前途；有希望；D.exposure暴露。根据“Butlanguageisfullofambiguitiesandexceptions,sosuchsystemswerehugelycomplicatedandeasily____4____whentestedonsentencesbeyondthesimplesettheyhadbeendesignedfor.〞可知，基于规那么的方法在初期还是有前途的。应选C。【24题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：但是语言中充满了歧义和异常，所以这样的系统非常复杂，当测试的句子超出了它们设计的简单集合时，很容易崩溃。A.laidoff解雇；B.laggedbehind落后；C.brokedown分解；崩溃；D.diedout灭绝。根据“whentestedonsentencesbeyondthesimplesettheyhadbeendesignedfor.〞可知，这里指基于规那么的方法的缺陷，使得测试的句子超出了它们设计的简单集合时会容易崩溃。应选C。【25题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：几乎所有的语言技术都开始随着统计方法的应用而变得更好，统计方法通常被称为“蛮力〞方法。A.experimental实验的；B.statistical统计的；C.financial金融的；D.instructional指导的。根据“Thisreliesonsoftwarescanningvastamountsofdata,lookingforpatternsandlearningfromprecedent.〞可知，这里是运用统计方法使得语言技术变得更好。应选B。【26题详解】考查短语词义辨析。句意：例如，在解析语言(将其分解成语法成分)时，软件从已经被人类解析过的大量文本中学习。A.What’smore另外；B.Inotherwords换句话说；C.Forexample例如；D.Bycontrast相反。根据“inparsinglanguage(breakingitdownintoitsgrammaticalcomponents),thesoftwarelearnsfromlargebodiesoftextthathavealreadybeenparsedbyhumans.〞可知，这里是从先例中学习所举的例子。应选C。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：它利用自己所学到的知识，对之前未见过的文本做出最正确猜想。A.sense感觉；B.deal交易；C.effort努力；D.guess猜。根据“aboutapreviouslyunseentext.〞可知，软件利用自己所学到的知识对未见过的文本进行最正确猜想。应选D。【28题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：由于处理器的能力不断增强，数据存储价格不断下降，最重要的是，可用数据的爆炸式增长，这种方法最终取得了成果。A.cameintobeing存在；B.borefruit结果实；C.tookeffect生效；起作用；D.caughtup赶上。根据“Thankstothegrowingpowerofprocessors,fallingpricesfordatastorageand,mostcrucially,theexplosioninavailabledata,〞可知，随着开展，统计方法最终取得了丰硕的成果。应选B。【29题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：几十年来众所周知的数学技术开始发挥自己的作用，能够获取大量数据的大公司随时准备从中受益。A.permission允许；B.license许可证；C.access入口；接触；D.reference参考。根据“Mathematicaltechniquesthathadbeenknownfordecadescameintotheirown,〞可知，数学技术的运用，大公司能够获取大量的数据。应选C。【30题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些神经元通常被认为具有与人类大脑相似的特性：“神经元〞通过软件连接，在学习过程中，这种连接会变得更强或更弱。A.humanbrain人脑；B.informationtechnology信息技术；C.computerprogramming计算机程序设计；D.artificialintelligence人工智能。根据““neurons〞areconnectedinsoftware,andconnectionscanbecomestrongerorweakerintheprocessoflearning.〞可知，神经元具有与人类大脑相似的特性。应选A。【31题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，一家语言技术公司的研究主管尼尔斯·伦克实事求是地解释说，“DNN只是另一种数学模型〞，其根底已经被人们理解了几十年。改变的是使用的硬件。A.Therefore因此；B.However然而；C.Likewise同样地；D.Indeed确实。根据“NilsLenke,headofresearchforalanguagetechnologycompany,explainsmatter-of-factlythat“DNNsarejustanotherkindofmathematicalmodel,〞the____12____ofwhichhadalreadybeenunderstoodfordecades.〞可知，前后句之间为转折关系。应选B。【32题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，一家语言技术公司的研究主管尼尔斯·伦克实事求是地解释说，“DNN只是另一种数学模型〞，其根底已经被人们理解了几十年。改变的是使用的硬件。A.meaning意义；B.quality质量；C.purpose目的；D.basis根底。根据“DNNsarejustanotherkindofmathematicalmodel,〞可知，这里指的是DNN这种数学模型的根底。应选D。【33题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：几乎是偶然的是，DNN的研究人员发现，用于在视频游戏等应用程序中生成图形的图形处理单元(GPU)在处理神经网络方面也很出色。A.adapted适应；B.used使用；C.claimed宣称；D.suited适合。根据“thegraphicalprocessingunits(GPUs)〞可知，这里指图形处理单元(GPU)在视频游戏等应用程序中的使用。应选B。【34题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这使得语言技术从必要时可用转变为相当好的。A.changeable易变的；B.liable有义务的；C.desirable有吸引力的；D.usable可用的。这里指语言技术从可用的变得相当好。应选D。【35题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：但到目前为止，还没有人完全弄清楚，是什么让它从“仅仅好〞变成“可靠的伟大〞。A.putout扑灭；B.workedout锻炼；可以解决；想出；C.watchedout留神；D.pointedout指出。根据“whatwillmoveitforwardfrombeingmerelygoodtoreliablygreat.〞可知，没有人弄清楚语言技术开展得如此的迅速。应选B。SectionB〔每题2分，共22分〕Directions:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)Irecentlyhadtheuniquehonorofreturningtomyuniversity,asaguestlecturer,totalkaboutopinionandfactinnewsmediaandhowtotellthetwoapart.Duringmyclass,Iquizzedthestudentsusing10statementswhichtheyhadtodecidewereeitheropinionorfact.Somestudentsdidagoodjobwhileothersfailed.APewResearchpollconductedamongAmericansin2021showedthatonly26percentofadultscouldidentifythefivefactualstatements,andonly35percentcouldidentifythefiveopinionstatements.Thisispossiblybecause,accordingtoarecentreportbytheRANDCorporation—anon-profit,non-partisanthink-tankbasedonLosAngeles—“US-basedjournalismhasgraduallyshiftedawayfromobjectivenewsandoffersmoreopinion-basedcontentthatappealstoemotionandreliesheavilyonargumentationandadvocacy.〞TheirstudylookedatUSnewsreportingovera28-yearperiodandfoundthat“journalismintheUShasbecomemoresubjectiveandconsistslessofthedetailedeventorcontext-basedreportingthatusedtocharacterizenewscoverage,〞accordingtoJenniferKavanagh,aseniorpoliticalscientistandleadauthorofthereport.Thiswillprobablycomeasasurprisetonoone,oratleastnooneoutsidetheUnitedStateswheresubjectiveandemotivereportinghasclearlyhamperedthepopulation’sabilitytoseparatefactandopinionanddealwitheachwithahealthyamountofskepticism.So,whatisopinion?Opinionissomeone’ssubjectivebelieforviewthatcannotbeprovenasfact.Opinionwilloftenfeatureadjectiveslikeamazing,perfect,unbeatable,dreadful,grotesque,embarrassing.Asanopinionwritermyself,you’lloftenseethosekindsofwordshereinmycolumn,butsincemyweeklyrantsareclearlynotnewsreports,youknowtotakewhateverIsayjustasanopinionandformyourownopinionifyousodesire.Here’sanexampleofanopinion-basedstatement:“WesAndersonisanamazingfilmmaker.〞There’snowayofprovingthatstatementasfact,becauseit’ssubjective.Whatisfact?Factisanobjectivestatementoraccountofsomethingrealwhichcanbeproven.Factualaccountsshouldnotincludeadjectiveslikeamazing,perfect,unbeatable,dreadful,grotesqueorembarrassing.Here’sanexample:“WesAndersonwontheSilverBearforBestDirectorin2021.〞Soundeasy?Well,itreallyis,apartfromthefactthatnewsmediain-theUnitedStatesoftenpurposefullyorsubconsciouslymixopinionandfact,effectivelyblurringthelinebetweenthetwosomuchthatnowmanyAmericanscan’ttellthedifference.SpottingdeceptionYoucanimproveyournewsreadingskillsbykeepinganeyeoutforthecommonmarkersofopinioninnewsreporting.Theeasiestistolookforadjectives,whichareusuallyalwaysmarkersofopinionandwillsometimesbehiddeninsidenewsreportingtonefariouslyaffectthereader’sunderstanding.Here’saquickexampleusingaheadline:“Impressivecrowdof10,000turnoutformarch.〞Canyouseetheadjectiveinthatheadline?Theword“impressive〞isthewriter’sownopinionmixedinwithafactualstatementaboutthenumberofpeoplewhoturnedoutforamarch.Byusingthatadjective,thewriterispushingyoutoseethemarchasasuccessandtofeelthatthecausebehindthemarchhasalotofpublicsupport.Thatisn’tnecessarilythecase,andsimilarlyawriterwithanotheropinioncouldpenthisheadline:“Only10,000turnoutformarch.〞Seethedifference?ImproveyournewseyeIhopethisshortforayintoatinyaspectofnewsmediahashelpedalittleandthatnowyou’rejustalittlebitmoreaptatseparatingfactfrom,well,fiction.Intoday’sworld,thatskillismoreimportantthanever.36.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutUS-basedjournalismistrue?A.Itischaracterizedbythedetailedeventorcontext-basedreporting.B.Itfailstoappealtopeople’semotionwhenreportingnewsevents.C.Itresultsinpeople’sinabilitytodistinguishfactsfromopinions.D.Ithelpstocultivateahealthyamountofskepticisminpeople.37.Whatisagoodwaytospotdeceptionwhenoneistryingtoseparatefactandopinion?A.Turningtoopinionwritersforhelp.B.Lookingforspecificadjectives.C.Readingasmuchnewsaspossible.D.Figuringoutthehiddenmeaning.38.Whichofthefollowingstatementsarefacts?①IncreasingthefederalminimumwagetoUS$15anhourisessentialforthehealthoftheUSeconomy.②HealthcarecostsperpersonintheUSarethehighestinthedevelopedworld.③ImmigrantswhoareintheUSillegallyhavesomerightsundertheConstitution.④Democracyisthegreatestformofgovernment.⑤ImmigrantswhoareintheUSillegallyareaverybigproblemforthecountrytoday.⑥PresidentBarackObamawasbornintheUnitedStates.A.①②③ B.④⑤⑥ C.②③⑥ D.①⑤⑥39.Whatisthewriter’spurposeinwritingthepassage?A.Toattractmorereadersforhiscolumn.B.Tocallforjointeffortsbynewsagenciestocooperate.C.Towarnthedangeroflackofnewsreadingskills.D.Toprovideadviceonhowtodistinguishfactsfromopinions.【答案】36.C37.B38.C39.D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了美国人很少能区分观点和事实的现状以及阐述了两者的定义区别并提供了方法。【36题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“only26percentofadultscouldidentifythefivefactualstatements,andonly35percentcouldidentifythefiveopinionstatements.〔只有26%的成年人能识别这五种事实陈述，只有35%的人能识别这五种观点陈述。〕〞以及第三段“Thisispossiblybecause,accordingtoarecentreportbytheRANDCorporation—anon-profit,non-partisanthink-tankbasedonLosAngeles—“US-basedjournalismhasgraduallyshiftedawayfromobjectivenewsandoffersmoreopinion-basedcontentthatappealstoemotionandreliesheavilyonargumentationandadvocacy.〞〔这可能是因为，根据总部位于洛杉矶的非营利性、无党派智库兰德公司最近的一份报告，“美国的新闻已逐渐远离客观新闻，提供更多诉诸情感、严重依赖论证和倡导的基于意见的内容。〞〕〞可知，是美国新闻业造成人们无法区分事实和观点这一现状。应选C。【37题详解】细节理解题。根据Spottingdeception下的“Theeasiestistolookforadjectives,whichareusuallyalwaysmarkersofopinionandwillsometimesbehiddeninsidenewsreportingtonefariouslyaffectthereader’sunderstanding.〔最简单的方法是寻找形容词，它们通常是观点的标记，有时会隐藏在新闻报道中，恶意地影响读者的理解。〕〞可知，当一个人试图区分事实和观点时，可以通过寻找具体的形容词来识别欺骗。应选B。【38题详解】推理判断题。根据Whatisfact?下的“Factisanobjectivestatementoraccountofsomethingrealwhichcanbeproven.Factualaccountsshouldnotincludeadjectiveslikeamazing,perfect,unbeatable,dreadful,grotesqueorembarrassing.〔事实是可以被证明的对真实事物的客观陈述或描述。事实描述不应该包括像惊人的、完美的、不可战胜的、可怕的、怪诞的或为难的形容词。〕〞①中有形容词isessentialfor，④中有形容词greatest，⑤中有verybig，这些选项都表达的是个人观点。应选C。【39题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Ihopethisshortforayintoatinyaspectofnewsmediahashelpedalittleandthatnowyou’rejustalittlebitmoreaptatseparatingfactfrom,well,fiction.Intoday’sworld,thatskillismoreimportantthanever.〔我希望这篇对新闻媒体的小