高中英语译林版选修一：Unit 1 Period 6　Extended reading Other parts-Language points

Period6Extendedreading&Otherparts—LanguagepointsⅠ.单词拼写1．Abalanceddietandregularexercisearebothessentialforourhealth.2．Sometimesinrestaurantbadatmospherewillspoilourappetite(胃口)．3．Don’tputthatsaucersoneartheedgeofthetable—itwillfalldowneasily.4．Accordingtoaroughestimate(估计)，thevasedatesbacktoQingDynasty.5．WhenIcametovisitthechef，shewasbaking(烘烤)abirthdaycakeinthekitchen.6．Itisclearthatthepurposeoftheprojectistostimulatestudent’sspiritofinnovation.7．Irememberonabittercoldwinter，apoorboysellingpopcornlookedatmewithamixture(混合)ofeagerandhorror.8．Manynaturaldisastersbrokeoutacrossthecountrylastyear，causinggreatlossofpeople’slifeandproperty.9．OneofthebestwaystoenhanceyourEnglishistoexpandyourvocabulary.10．Inmyopinion，yourcasualclotheswerenotappropriateforsuchaformaloccasion.Ⅱ.词形变化填空1．Thecityhasbeenexpandingrapidly，whoseexpansionhasbroughtdamagetothenaturalsurroundings.(expand)2．Fogisharmfultousinmanyaspects.Forexample，itisdangeroustodriveonafoggyday.(fog)3．Hisimpressiveperformanceonthestageyesterdaymadeadeepimpressiononhisaudience.(impress)4．Itisbelievedthatthemixofnationalitieswillbesogreatthattherewillbenodistinctmajorracialorculturalgroups，butsimplyamixtureofmanyracesandcultures.(mix)5．Themorepetrolandelectricityweconsume，themorecarbonwearelettingoff.Soitisessentialforustoreduceenergyconsumption.(consume)Ⅲ.完成句子1．Overtimehehasgrownuptohavetheabilitytoearnhisliving，helpinghismothersupporthisfamily.随着时间的推移，他已经长大有谋生能力了，能帮助他的母亲养家。2．WhatIwanttotellyouisthatIcan’tgooutwithyouthisweekendsinceIhavetolookaftermybrotherinhospital.我想告诉你的是，这个周末我不能和你一起出去了，因为我必须照顾我住院的弟弟。3．Ourschoolwillorganiseavolleyballtournamentanditissaidthatitwillbeheldinthenewstadiumnextmonth.我们学校将举办一场排球锦标赛，据说下个月将在新体育场举行。throwoneselfinto投身于，热衷于throwaway扔掉；浪费掉(本领)throwlighton/uponsth使……更易理解；阐明throwoff匆匆脱掉(衣服)；扔掉；摆脱throwup扬起；呕吐用throw的相关短语完成句子(1)Mygrandfatherhasthrownhimselfintocyclingsinceretirementtoenhancehishealth.(2)Tomakemattersworse，thestrangesmellofthecreammademethrowupwhatIate.(3)Themanthrewoffhisclotheswithouthesitationandjumpedintothewatertosavethegirl，whichstimulatedmyadmirationforhim.(4)Facingemergency，sometimeswehavenochoicebuttothrowingourpossessionsaway.impressvt.&vi.使钦佩，给……留下深刻印象；使意识到(impressionn．印象；影响；印记；感想impressiveadj.给人深刻印象的；感人的)·impresssthon/uponsb＝impresssbwithsth使某人牢记某事beimpressedby/with...对……印象深刻·leave/makea(n)．..impressionon/uponsb给某人留下一个……的印象单句语法填空/句式升级/一句多译(1)Asachild，fatherimpressedthevalueofhardworkon/uponme.(2)Myfirstimpression(impress)ofhimwasthathewasakindandthoughtfulyoungman.(3)Iwasimpressedbythebeautifulsceneryandforgottogobackhomeintime.(4)所有的观众都对他出色的表演印象深刻。①Alltheaudiencewereimpressedby/withhisamazingperformance.(impress)②Hisamazingperformanceleft/madeadeepimpressiononalltheaudience.(impression)expandvt.&vi.增加，扩大；扩展，发展(业务)；详谈，详述(expansionn．扩大；扩张；扩充)expandinto...扩大为……expandon/upon详谈单句语法填空/完成句子(1)Howcanthepainberelievedbyusingthatmethod?Couldyouexpandon/uponthatpoint，please?(2)Afteryearsofstruggle，hiscompanyhasexpandedintoabigone，withbranchesalloverthecountry.(3)Wearehopingtoexpandourbusiness，particularlyinEurope.我们希望扩大我们的业务，特别是在欧洲。appropriateadj.合适的(appropriatelyadv.适当地)beappropriateto/for适合……Itis(not)appropriateforsbtodosth.某人(不)适合做某事。Itisappropriatethat...……是合适的。(从句中要使用虚拟语气“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略)单句语法填空/完成句子(1)Itisbelievedthatthenewversionofthebookisappropriatefor/tochildrenaged6－10.(2)Dressappropriately(appropriate)andaskintelligentquestions.(3)Itisnotappropriateonlytolay(lay)emphasisonstudents’academicperformance.Becauseotherskillsareequallyimportant.(4)Itisappropriatethatwe(should)accompanyandcomfortourfriendswhentheyareinabadmoodorinlowspirits.当朋友心情不好或情绪低落时，我们陪伴和安慰他们是合适的。estimatevt.估计，估价n．估计；估计的成本beestimatedtobe/have...估计是/有……Itisestimatedthat...据估计……单句语法填空/句型转换(1)Thetreeisestimatedtobe(be)atleast700yearsold.(2)Peopleestimatethat80%ofallconversationsinEnglishissmalltalk.→Itisestimatedthat80%ofallconversationsinEnglishissmalltalk.(it作形式主语)essentialadj.必不可少的；本质的，基本的beessentialto/for对……是必不可少的Itisessential(forsb)todosth.(对某人来说)做某事是很必要的。Itisessentialthatsb(should)dosth.某人做某事是很必要的。单句语法填空/一句多译(1)Eatinghealthydietsanddoingmoderateexercisesisessentialfor/toelderlypeople.(2)毫无疑问，对青少年来讲，增强他们的体质非常必要。①Thereisnodoubtthatitisveryessentialfortheteenagerstobuilduptheirstrength.②Thereisnodoubtthatitisveryessentialthatteenagers(should)builduptheirstrength.mixturen．混合物；混合，结合(mixedadj.混杂的；混合的)mix...with/and...把……与……混合mixup混淆，弄混单句语法填空/完成句子(1)Theteamisnowagoodmixture(mix)ofexperienceandyouth.(2)Pleasedonotmixuptwothings：yourjobandyourlife.(3)(读后续写之情感描写)Withmixedfeelingsonmind，shedoesn’tknowwhattodotorelievehisfather’spain.她百感交集，不知道做些什么去减轻他父亲的痛苦。fallapart破碎，破裂；崩溃take...apart将……拆开，拆分tell...apart分辨出……setsbapart使某人与众不同用apart的相关短语完成句子(1)Somepeopledowelldespitethepressurewhileothersfallapartunderpressure.(2)Myfatherkeepspositiveemotionsevenunderpressure，whichsetshimapartfromothers.(3)Rodlovestakingclocksapart.However，henevermanagestoputthemtogetheragain.(4)Youcantellmytwinbrotherandmeapartbythismarkonmyface.“sb/sth＋be＋过去分词＋...”句式教材原句TheyarebelievedtohavestartedoffinthelateQingDynastyasawayforboatmenontheYangtzeRivertokeepwarmduringthecoldandwetwinters.人们认为，火锅始自清末，当时是长江上的船工在湿冷的冬季取暖的一种办法。(P11)本句中含有句式“sb/sth＋be＋过去分词＋todo/havedone...”，可转换为“It＋be＋过去分词＋that...”。·sb＋be＋过去分词＋eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(todosth未发生,tobedoingsth正在发生,tohavedonesth已发生))·用于本句型的动词还有：say，think，expect，report，consider，suppose等。·sbisbelieved/said/thought/reported/considered/supposed/...todosth.＝Itisbelieved/said/thought/reported/considered/supposed/...that人们相信……/据说……/考虑到……/据报道……/普遍认为……/推测……单句语法填空/句型转换(1)ItishopedthatthesesuggestionswouldbeofgreathelptoyoutoenhanceyourEnglish.(2)Heisthoughttohaveacted(act)foolishly.Nowhehasnoonebuthimselftoblameforlosingthejob.(3)Chinaisknowntobeplayingamoreandmoreimportantroleintheworld.→ItisknownthatChinaisplayingamoreandmoreimportantroleintheworld.(4)Itissaidthatthestrangeoldmanisagreatartist.→Thestrangeoldmanissaidtobeagreatartist.Ⅰ.一词多义快速阅读下列句子并选出句中加黑词汇对应的意思mildeq\x(A.温和的；温柔的B.温暖的，暖和的C.轻微的；不严重的D.味淡的；不浓的)1．Differentfromme，mytwinsisterprefersmildcheese.D2．Hehastoomildanaturetogetangry，evenifhehasgoodcause.A3．Toourrelief，hesufferedfromamildheartattack.C4．Withitsmildclimate，theplaceattractsvisitorsfrombothhomeandabroad.BⅡ.熟词生义快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的意思1．Themeaningofthearticleisplaintosee.清楚的，明显的2．Heaccidentallyslicedthroughhisfinger.切；割；划Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Itwassuchabittercolddaythattherewasnobodyinthestreet.2．Thecompanyplacesmoreemphasisonworkefficiencythanonworkers’lives，whichisnotappropriate.3．WeareplanningatriptoYuntaiMountaininHenanProvince，whichisfamousforitsbeautifulnaturalscenery.4．Toexpandourcompany，itisessentialthatweshouldappealtoawidercustomerbase.5．Theirparentsdivorcedseveralyearsago，leaving(leave)themgreatpain.6．Hisinterestinreadingwasstimulated(stimulate)byhisparents.Ⅱ.选词填空eq\x(becoveredwith，overtime，allyearround，lay/putemphasison，workone’swaythrough)1．Attitudestoonlinelearninghavechangedovertime.2．Schoolsherelay/putgreatemphasisonreadingandwriting.3．Thoughitwasmidnight，theboardarestillworkingtheirwaythroughtheapplicationforms.4．Thegroundwascoveredwithgrasswhichlookedlikeagreenblanket.5．Towngardensareidealbecausetheyproduceflowersnearlyallyearround.Ⅲ.单句写作(应用文写作——饮食文化)1．当我还是个孩子的时候，我就热衷于饮食文化和烹饪。(throwoneselfinto)WhenIwasachild，Ithrewmyselfintocultureandcuisine.2．为了成为一名好厨师，对我来说，了解各种各样的特色菜肴是很有必要的。(essential)Tobeagoodchef，itisessentialformetoknowaboutvariousspecialdishes.3．关于饮食文化，我们注意餐桌礼仪是恰当的。(appropriate)Astofoodculture，itisappropriatethatwe(should)payattentiontoourtablemanners.4．记住，你良好的餐桌礼仪会给别人留下好的印象。(impression)Rememberthatyourgoodtablemannerswillleaveagoodimpressiononothers.5．据说，我们的饮食方式还可以反映出我们的性格特点。(Itissaidthat...)Itissaidthatthewayweeatcanreflectourpersonality.Ⅳ.阅读理解Preferyourcoffeeblack?Thenyouprobablylikedark，bitterchocolate，accordingtoanewresearchidentifyingageneticbasisforthosepreferences.Ifthat’syou，thencongratulations—youaretheluckygeneticwinnerofasortthatmayofferyouanadvantagetowardgoodhealth，accordingtocaffeineresearcherMarilynCornelis.Studiesfindmoderateamountsofblackcoffeehavebeenshowntolowertheriskofcertaindiseases.Butthosebenefitsarelikelytobemorepronouncedifthecoffeeisfreeofallofthemilks，sugarsandotherfatteningflavoringswetendtoadd.Inanearlierresearch，Cornelisandherteamdiscoveredthatageneticvariant(变体)maycontributetowhysomepeopleenjoynumerouscupsofcoffeeaday，whileothersdonot.“Peoplewiththegenemetabolize(新陈代谢)caffeinefaster，sothestimulatingeffectsdisappearfaster，andtheyneedtodrinkmorecoffee，”shesaid.“Thiscouldexplainwhysomeindividualsseemtobefineconsumingalotmorecoffeerelativetosomeoneelsewhomightbecomeveryanxious，”sheadded.Inthenewstudy，Cornelisanalyzedmoreprecisetypesofcoffeedrinkers，separatingblackcoffeeloversfromcreamandsugarlovers.“Wefoundcoffeedrinkerswiththegeneticvariantthatreflectsafastermetabolismofcaffeinepreferbitter，blackcoffee，”Cornelissaid.“Wealsofoundthesamegeneticvariantinpeoplewhopreferdarkchocolateoverthemilkchocolate.”Cornelisandherteamdon’tthinkthepreferencehasanythingtodowiththetasteofplainblackcoffeetea.Instead，shesaid，peoplewiththisgenepreferblackcoffeeandteabecausetheylikethebitterfavorwiththeboostinmentalcomforttheydesirefromcaffeine.“It’spossiblethesepeoplearejustverysensitivetotheeffectsofcaffeineandtheyalsohavethatlearnedbehaviorwithotherbitterfoods.”“Futurestudieswilltrytodealwiththegeneticpreferenceforotherbitterfoods，”Cornelissaid，“whicharegenerallylinkedtomorehealthbenefits.”语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了有些人喜欢喝黑咖啡的原因：他们是有基因偏爱的。1．Theearlierstudyismainlyabout.A．whycoffeeisrefreshingB．whybitterfoodsattractblackcoffeeloversC．whycoffeedrinkinghabitsvaryamongpeopleD．whyblackcoffeeishealthierthanwhitecoffee答案C解析细节理解题。根据第三段的“Inanearlierresearch，Cornelisandherteamdiscoveredthatageneticvariant(变体)maycontributetowhysomepeopleenjoynumerouscupsofcoffeeaday，2．Accordingtothetext，whichofthefollowingisTRUE?A．Thepreferenceforblackcoffeemayhaveageneticbasis.B．Peoplewiththegeneticvariantaresensitivetosweetflavor.C．Scientistsfoundcertaingeneticvariantinmilkchocolatelovers.D．Coffeedrinkerswiththegeneticvariantshowaslowermetabolismofcaffeine.答案A解析细节理解题。根据第四段的“Wefoundcoffeedrinkerswiththegeneticvariantthatreflectsafastermetabolismofcaffeinepreferbitter，blackcoffee”可知，人们对黑咖啡的偏爱可能有基因基础。故选A。3．Cornelismayagreethatpeoplepreferblackcoffeebecauseof.A．itsbittertasteB．fastermetabolismofcaffeineC．thecaffeineithasD．thementalcomfortitbrings答案D解析细节理解题。根据第五段的“Instead，shesaid，peoplewiththisgenepreferblackcoffeeandteabecausetheylikethebitterfavorwiththeboostinmentalcomforttheydesirefromcaffeine.”可知，Cornelis认为人们喜欢黑咖啡是因为它能给人带来精神安慰。故选D。4．Whatmighttheresearchersdonext?A．Learnmoreaboutthehealthbenefitsassociatedwithblackcoffee.B．Covermorebitterfoodswithgeneticpreference.C．Analyzemoreprecisetypesofcoffeedrinkers.D．Knowmorelearnedbehaviorpeoplehave.答案B解析推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，未来的研究将试图解决人们对其他苦味食物的基因偏好，说明接下来研究人员要探究有基因偏好的更多苦味食物。故选B。Ⅴ.完形填空ThatcoldJanuarynight，IwasgrowingsickofmylifeinSanFrancisco.1home，Ithoughtseriouslyabout2bothmyjobandSanFrancisco.Citylifehadbecometoomuchforme.AsIwalkeddownemptystreetsundertallbuildings，Ifeltverysmalland3.Ibeganrunning，bothtokeepwarmandtokeepawayfromanypossiblerobbers.Aboutablockfrommyapartment，Ihearda4behindme.Iturnedquicklybutthestreetwas5.AllIsawwasashiningstreetlight，whichmademenervous.Istartedto6faster.NotuntilIreachedmyapartmentbuildingdidIrealizethenoisehadbeenmy7fallingtothesidewalk.SuddenlyIwasn’tcoldanymore.IranbacktowhereI’dheardthenoise.AlthoughIsearchedthesidewalk8forfifteenminutes，mywalletwasnowheretobe9.JustasIwasabouttogiveupthe10，Iheardthegarbagetruckpulluptothe11nexttome.Thenoutjumpedasmallred-hairedmanwitha(n)12lookinhiseyes.“Isthiswhatyou’relookingfor？”Heasked13upasmallsquareshape.Thatnight，Igotmywalletback.Ialsogotbacksome14ofcitylife.Irealizedthatthecitycouldn’tbeabadplaceaslongaspeoplewerewillingto15eachother.语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者本来厌倦了旧金山的生活，但后来发生的一件事改变了作者的态度。1．A.Reaching B．RunningC．Walking D．Leaving答案C解析根据后文的“AsIwalkeddownemptystreetsundertallbuildings”可知，此时作者正在往家里走(walk)。故选C项。2．A.givingup B．searchingforC．carryingon D．headingto答案A解析giveup放弃；searchfor搜寻；carryon继续；headto朝向。根据前文“IwasgrowingsickofmylifeinSanFrancisco”以及后文“Citylifehadbecometoomuchforme.”可推知，作者想要放弃(giveup)大城市的生活。故选A项。3．A.tired B．amazedC．sacred D．cold答案D解析tired累的；amazed惊叹的；sacred神圣的；cold寒冷的。根据后文“Ibeganrunning，bothtokeepwarmandtokeepawayfromanypossiblerobbers.”“SuddenlyIwasn’tcoldanymore.”可知，作者此时感觉很冷(cold)。故选D项。4．A.mail B．robberC．sound D．truck答案C解析mail邮件；robber抢劫犯；sound声音；truck卡车。根据空前的heard以及后文“IranbacktowhereI’dheardthenoise.”可知，作者听到一个声音(sound)。故选C项。5．A.crowded B．noisyC．broad D．empty答案D解析crowded拥挤的；noisy吵闹的；broad宽阔的；empty空旷的。根据后文“AllIsawwasashiningstreetlight，whichmademenervous.”可知，街上空无一人(empty)。故选D项。6．A.breathe B．runC．deliver D．hike答案B解析breathe呼吸；run跑步；deliver投递；hike远足。作者之前在跑步，这时候跑(run)得更快了。故选B项。7．A.identity B．soccerC．wallet D．minor答案C解析identity证明；soccer足球；wallet钱包；minor未成年人，辅修科目。根据后文“AlthoughIsearchedthesidewalkforfifteenminutes，mywalletwasnowheretobe.”可知，作者丢失的是钱包(wallet)。故选C项。8．A.anxiously B．curiouslyC．obviously D．generously答案A解析anxiously焦急地；curiously好奇地；obviously明显地；generously大方地。根据常识，钱包丢了之后，应该是焦急地(anxiously)寻找。故选A项。9．A.preserved B．foundC．stolen D．removed答案B解析preserve保护；find发现；steal偷；remove移动。根据空前的“AlthoughIsearched...forfifteenminutes”可知，作者没有找到(find)钱包。故选B项。10．A.measure B．attemptC．search D．approach答案C解析measure计算，测量；attempt尝试；search搜寻；approach方法。根据前文的“AlthoughIsearchedthesidewalkforfifteenminutes，mywalletwasnowheretobe.”可知，作者找了许久但没有找到，打算放弃寻找(search)。故选C项。11．A.apartment B．sidewalkC．destination D．entrance答案B解析apartment公寓；sidewalk人行道；destination目的地；entrance入口。根据前文“Isearchedthesidewalk”可知，作者在人行道(sidewalk)上寻找钱包。故选B项。12．A.amused B．annoyedC．frightened D．awkward答案A解析amused高兴的；annoyed生气的；frightened害怕的；awkward尴尬的。根据语境，帮助别人应该是高兴的(amused)。故选A项。13．A.bringing B．cleaningC．stirring D．holding答案D解析bring带来；clean清洁；stir搅拌；hold举着，拿着。holdup为固定搭配，意为“举着”。故选D项。14．A.enjoyment B．achievementC．experiment D．disappointment答案A解析enjoyment乐趣；achievement成就；experiment实验；disappointment失望。结合语境，丢失的钱包被好心人送回，这应该是生活中的开心事。故选A项。15．A.appreciate B．helpC．defend D．admire答案B解析appreciate欣赏，感激；help帮助；defend保卫；admire敬佩。文章中有人帮助作者找回了钱包，因此作者认为只要有人互帮互助，城市就不会差到哪儿去。故选B项。Ⅵ.语法填空It’sestimatedthattwo-thirdsofpeopleonlinehavehadtheirpersonalinformation1.________(steal)．Facedwithsucharangeof2.(threat)，it’seasytofocusontechnologyinvestment.Firewalls，anti-virusprotectionandeveryotherkindoftechnologycanbethreatened