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Period6Extendedreading&Otherparts—LanguagepointsⅠ.单词拼写1.Abalanceddietandregularexercisearebothessentialforourhealth.2.Sometimesinrestaurantbadatmospherewillspoilourappetite(胃口).3.Don’tputthatsaucersoneartheedgeofthetable—itwillfalldowneasily.4.Accordingtoaroughestimate(估计),thevasedatesbacktoQingDynasty.5.WhenIcametovisitthechef,shewasbaking(烘烤)abirthdaycakeinthekitchen.6.Itisclearthatthepurposeoftheprojectistostimulatestudent’sspiritofinnovation.7.Irememberonabittercoldwinter,apoorboysellingpopcornlookedatmewithamixture(混合)ofeagerandhorror.8.Manynaturaldisastersbrokeoutacrossthecountrylastyear,causinggreatlossofpeople’slifeandproperty.9.OneofthebestwaystoenhanceyourEnglishistoexpandyourvocabulary.10.Inmyopinion,yourcasualclotheswerenotappropriateforsuchaformaloccasion.Ⅱ.词形变化填空1.Thecityhasbeenexpandingrapidly,whoseexpansionhasbroughtdamagetothenaturalsurroundings.(expand)2.Fogisharmfultousinmanyaspects.Forexample,itisdangeroustodriveonafoggyday.(fog)3.Hisimpressiveperformanceonthestageyesterdaymadeadeepimpressiononhisaudience.(impress)4.Itisbelievedthatthemixofnationalitieswillbesogreatthattherewillbenodistinctmajorracialorculturalgroups,butsimplyamixtureofmanyracesandcultures.(mix)5.Themorepetrolandelectricityweconsume,themorecarbonwearelettingoff.Soitisessentialforustoreduceenergyconsumption.(consume)Ⅲ.完成句子1.Overtimehehasgrownuptohavetheabilitytoearnhisliving,helpinghismothersupporthisfamily.随着时间的推移,他已经长大有谋生能力了,能帮助他的母亲养家。2.WhatIwanttotellyouisthatIcan’tgooutwithyouthisweekendsinceIhavetolookaftermybrotherinhospital.我想告诉你的是,这个周末我不能和你一起出去了,因为我必须照顾我住院的弟弟。3.Ourschoolwillorganiseavolleyballtournamentanditissaidthatitwillbeheldinthenewstadiumnextmonth.我们学校将举办一场排球锦标赛,据说下个月将在新体育场举行。throwoneselfinto投身于,热衷于throwaway扔掉;浪费掉(本领)throwlighton/uponsth使……更易理解;阐明throwoff匆匆脱掉(衣服);扔掉;摆脱throwup扬起;呕吐用throw的相关短语完成句子(1)Mygrandfatherhasthrownhimselfintocyclingsinceretirementtoenhancehishealth.(2)Tomakemattersworse,thestrangesmellofthecreammademethrowupwhatIate.(3)Themanthrewoffhisclotheswithouthesitationandjumpedintothewatertosavethegirl,whichstimulatedmyadmirationforhim.(4)Facingemergency,sometimeswehavenochoicebuttothrowingourpossessionsaway.impressvt.&vi.使钦佩,给……留下深刻印象;使意识到(impressionn.印象;影响;印记;感想impressiveadj.给人深刻印象的;感人的)·impresssthon/uponsb=impresssbwithsth使某人牢记某事beimpressedby/with...对……印象深刻·leave/makea(n)...impressionon/uponsb给某人留下一个……的印象单句语法填空/句式升级/一句多译(1)Asachild,fatherimpressedthevalueofhardworkon/uponme.(2)Myfirstimpression(impress)ofhimwasthathewasakindandthoughtfulyoungman.(3)Iwasimpressedbythebeautifulsceneryandforgottogobackhomeintime.(4)所有的观众都对他出色的表演印象深刻。①Alltheaudiencewereimpressedby/withhisamazingperformance.(impress)②Hisamazingperformanceleft/madeadeepimpressiononalltheaudience.(impression)expandvt.&vi.增加,扩大;扩展,发展(业务);详谈,详述(expansionn.扩大;扩张;扩充)expandinto...扩大为……expandon/upon详谈单句语法填空/完成句子(1)Howcanthepainberelievedbyusingthatmethod?Couldyouexpandon/uponthatpoint,please?(2)Afteryearsofstruggle,hiscompanyhasexpandedintoabigone,withbranchesalloverthecountry.(3)Wearehopingtoexpandourbusiness,particularlyinEurope.我们希望扩大我们的业务,特别是在欧洲。appropriateadj.合适的(appropriatelyadv.适当地)beappropriateto/for适合……Itis(not)appropriateforsbtodosth.某人(不)适合做某事。Itisappropriatethat...……是合适的。(从句中要使用虚拟语气“should+动词原形”,should可以省略)单句语法填空/完成句子(1)Itisbelievedthatthenewversionofthebookisappropriatefor/tochildrenaged6-10.(2)Dressappropriately(appropriate)andaskintelligentquestions.(3)Itisnotappropriateonlytolay(lay)emphasisonstudents’academicperformance.Becauseotherskillsareequallyimportant.(4)Itisappropriatethatwe(should)accompanyandcomfortourfriendswhentheyareinabadmoodorinlowspirits.当朋友心情不好或情绪低落时,我们陪伴和安慰他们是合适的。estimatevt.估计,估价n.估计;估计的成本beestimatedtobe/have...估计是/有……Itisestimatedthat...据估计……单句语法填空/句型转换(1)Thetreeisestimatedtobe(be)atleast700yearsold.(2)Peopleestimatethat80%ofallconversationsinEnglishissmalltalk.→Itisestimatedthat80%ofallconversationsinEnglishissmalltalk.(it作形式主语)essentialadj.必不可少的;本质的,基本的beessentialto/for对……是必不可少的Itisessential(forsb)todosth.(对某人来说)做某事是很必要的。Itisessentialthatsb(should)dosth.某人做某事是很必要的。单句语法填空/一句多译(1)Eatinghealthydietsanddoingmoderateexercisesisessentialfor/toelderlypeople.(2)毫无疑问,对青少年来讲,增强他们的体质非常必要。①Thereisnodoubtthatitisveryessentialfortheteenagerstobuilduptheirstrength.②Thereisnodoubtthatitisveryessentialthatteenagers(should)builduptheirstrength.mixturen.混合物;混合,结合(mixedadj.混杂的;混合的)mix...with/and...把……与……混合mixup混淆,弄混单句语法填空/完成句子(1)Theteamisnowagoodmixture(mix)ofexperienceandyouth.(2)Pleasedonotmixuptwothings:yourjobandyourlife.(3)(读后续写之情感描写)Withmixedfeelingsonmind,shedoesn’tknowwhattodotorelievehisfather’spain.她百感交集,不知道做些什么去减轻他父亲的痛苦。fallapart破碎,破裂;崩溃take...apart将……拆开,拆分tell...apart分辨出……setsbapart使某人与众不同用apart的相关短语完成句子(1)Somepeopledowelldespitethepressurewhileothersfallapartunderpressure.(2)Myfatherkeepspositiveemotionsevenunderpressure,whichsetshimapartfromothers.(3)Rodlovestakingclocksapart.However,henevermanagestoputthemtogetheragain.(4)Youcantellmytwinbrotherandmeapartbythismarkonmyface.“sb/sth+be+过去分词+...”句式教材原句TheyarebelievedtohavestartedoffinthelateQingDynastyasawayforboatmenontheYangtzeRivertokeepwarmduringthecoldandwetwinters.人们认为,火锅始自清末,当时是长江上的船工在湿冷的冬季取暖的一种办法。(P11)本句中含有句式“sb/sth+be+过去分词+todo/havedone...”,可转换为“It+be+过去分词+that...”。·sb+be+过去分词+eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(todosth未发生,tobedoingsth正在发生,tohavedonesth已发生))·用于本句型的动词还有:say,think,expect,report,consider,suppose等。·sbisbelieved/said/thought/reported/considered/supposed/...todosth.=Itisbelieved/said/thought/reported/considered/supposed/...that人们相信……/据说……/考虑到……/据报道……/普遍认为……/推测……单句语法填空/句型转换(1)ItishopedthatthesesuggestionswouldbeofgreathelptoyoutoenhanceyourEnglish.(2)Heisthoughttohaveacted(act)foolishly.Nowhehasnoonebuthimselftoblameforlosingthejob.(3)Chinaisknowntobeplayingamoreandmoreimportantroleintheworld.→ItisknownthatChinaisplayingamoreandmoreimportantroleintheworld.(4)Itissaidthatthestrangeoldmanisagreatartist.→Thestrangeoldmanissaidtobeagreatartist.Ⅰ.一词多义快速阅读下列句子并选出句中加黑词汇对应的意思mildeq\x(A.温和的;温柔的B.温暖的,暖和的C.轻微的;不严重的D.味淡的;不浓的)1.Differentfromme,mytwinsisterprefersmildcheese.D2.Hehastoomildanaturetogetangry,evenifhehasgoodcause.A3.Toourrelief,hesufferedfromamildheartattack.C4.Withitsmildclimate,theplaceattractsvisitorsfrombothhomeandabroad.BⅡ.熟词生义快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的意思1.Themeaningofthearticleisplaintosee.清楚的,明显的2.Heaccidentallyslicedthroughhisfinger.切;割;划Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.Itwassuchabittercolddaythattherewasnobodyinthestreet.2.Thecompanyplacesmoreemphasisonworkefficiencythanonworkers’lives,whichisnotappropriate.3.WeareplanningatriptoYuntaiMountaininHenanProvince,whichisfamousforitsbeautifulnaturalscenery.4.Toexpandourcompany,itisessentialthatweshouldappealtoawidercustomerbase.5.Theirparentsdivorcedseveralyearsago,leaving(leave)themgreatpain.6.Hisinterestinreadingwasstimulated(stimulate)byhisparents.Ⅱ.选词填空eq\x(becoveredwith,overtime,allyearround,lay/putemphasison,workone’swaythrough)1.Attitudestoonlinelearninghavechangedovertime.2.Schoolsherelay/putgreatemphasisonreadingandwriting.3.Thoughitwasmidnight,theboardarestillworkingtheirwaythroughtheapplicationforms.4.Thegroundwascoveredwithgrasswhichlookedlikeagreenblanket.5.Towngardensareidealbecausetheyproduceflowersnearlyallyearround.Ⅲ.单句写作(应用文写作——饮食文化)1.当我还是个孩子的时候,我就热衷于饮食文化和烹饪。(throwoneselfinto)WhenIwasachild,Ithrewmyselfintocultureandcuisine.2.为了成为一名好厨师,对我来说,了解各种各样的特色菜肴是很有必要的。(essential)Tobeagoodchef,itisessentialformetoknowaboutvariousspecialdishes.3.关于饮食文化,我们注意餐桌礼仪是恰当的。(appropriate)Astofoodculture,itisappropriatethatwe(should)payattentiontoourtablemanners.4.记住,你良好的餐桌礼仪会给别人留下好的印象。(impression)Rememberthatyourgoodtablemannerswillleaveagoodimpressiononothers.5.据说,我们的饮食方式还可以反映出我们的性格特点。(Itissaidthat...)Itissaidthatthewayweeatcanreflectourpersonality.Ⅳ.阅读理解Preferyourcoffeeblack?Thenyouprobablylikedark,bitterchocolate,accordingtoanewresearchidentifyingageneticbasisforthosepreferences.Ifthat’syou,thencongratulations—youaretheluckygeneticwinnerofasortthatmayofferyouanadvantagetowardgoodhealth,accordingtocaffeineresearcherMarilynCornelis.Studiesfindmoderateamountsofblackcoffeehavebeenshowntolowertheriskofcertaindiseases.Butthosebenefitsarelikelytobemorepronouncedifthecoffeeisfreeofallofthemilks,sugarsandotherfatteningflavoringswetendtoadd.Inanearlierresearch,Cornelisandherteamdiscoveredthatageneticvariant(变体)maycontributetowhysomepeopleenjoynumerouscupsofcoffeeaday,whileothersdonot.“Peoplewiththegenemetabolize(新陈代谢)caffeinefaster,sothestimulatingeffectsdisappearfaster,andtheyneedtodrinkmorecoffee,”shesaid.“Thiscouldexplainwhysomeindividualsseemtobefineconsumingalotmorecoffeerelativetosomeoneelsewhomightbecomeveryanxious,”sheadded.Inthenewstudy,Cornelisanalyzedmoreprecisetypesofcoffeedrinkers,separatingblackcoffeeloversfromcreamandsugarlovers.“Wefoundcoffeedrinkerswiththegeneticvariantthatreflectsafastermetabolismofcaffeinepreferbitter,blackcoffee,”Cornelissaid.“Wealsofoundthesamegeneticvariantinpeoplewhopreferdarkchocolateoverthemilkchocolate.”Cornelisandherteamdon’tthinkthepreferencehasanythingtodowiththetasteofplainblackcoffeetea.Instead,shesaid,peoplewiththisgenepreferblackcoffeeandteabecausetheylikethebitterfavorwiththeboostinmentalcomforttheydesirefromcaffeine.“It’spossiblethesepeoplearejustverysensitivetotheeffectsofcaffeineandtheyalsohavethatlearnedbehaviorwithotherbitterfoods.”“Futurestudieswilltrytodealwiththegeneticpreferenceforotherbitterfoods,”Cornelissaid,“whicharegenerallylinkedtomorehealthbenefits.”语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了有些人喜欢喝黑咖啡的原因:他们是有基因偏爱的。1.Theearlierstudyismainlyabout.A.whycoffeeisrefreshingB.whybitterfoodsattractblackcoffeeloversC.whycoffeedrinkinghabitsvaryamongpeopleD.whyblackcoffeeishealthierthanwhitecoffee答案C解析细节理解题。根据第三段的“Inanearlierresearch,Cornelisandherteamdiscoveredthatageneticvariant(变体)maycontributetowhysomepeopleenjoynumerouscupsofcoffeeaday,2.Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingisTRUE?A.Thepreferenceforblackcoffeemayhaveageneticbasis.B.Peoplewiththegeneticvariantaresensitivetosweetflavor.C.Scientistsfoundcertaingeneticvariantinmilkchocolatelovers.D.Coffeedrinkerswiththegeneticvariantshowaslowermetabolismofcaffeine.答案A解析细节理解题。根据第四段的“Wefoundcoffeedrinkerswiththegeneticvariantthatreflectsafastermetabolismofcaffeinepreferbitter,blackcoffee”可知,人们对黑咖啡的偏爱可能有基因基础。故选A。3.Cornelismayagreethatpeoplepreferblackcoffeebecauseof.A.itsbittertasteB.fastermetabolismofcaffeineC.thecaffeineithasD.thementalcomfortitbrings答案D解析细节理解题。根据第五段的“Instead,shesaid,peoplewiththisgenepreferblackcoffeeandteabecausetheylikethebitterfavorwiththeboostinmentalcomforttheydesirefromcaffeine.”可知,Cornelis认为人们喜欢黑咖啡是因为它能给人带来精神安慰。故选D。4.Whatmighttheresearchersdonext?A.Learnmoreaboutthehealthbenefitsassociatedwithblackcoffee.B.Covermorebitterfoodswithgeneticpreference.C.Analyzemoreprecisetypesofcoffeedrinkers.D.Knowmorelearnedbehaviorpeoplehave.答案B解析推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知,未来的研究将试图解决人们对其他苦味食物的基因偏好,说明接下来研究人员要探究有基因偏好的更多苦味食物。故选B。Ⅴ.完形填空ThatcoldJanuarynight,IwasgrowingsickofmylifeinSanFrancisco.1home,Ithoughtseriouslyabout2bothmyjobandSanFrancisco.Citylifehadbecometoomuchforme.AsIwalkeddownemptystreetsundertallbuildings,Ifeltverysmalland3.Ibeganrunning,bothtokeepwarmandtokeepawayfromanypossiblerobbers.Aboutablockfrommyapartment,Ihearda4behindme.Iturnedquicklybutthestreetwas5.AllIsawwasashiningstreetlight,whichmademenervous.Istartedto6faster.NotuntilIreachedmyapartmentbuildingdidIrealizethenoisehadbeenmy7fallingtothesidewalk.SuddenlyIwasn’tcoldanymore.IranbacktowhereI’dheardthenoise.AlthoughIsearchedthesidewalk8forfifteenminutes,mywalletwasnowheretobe9.JustasIwasabouttogiveupthe10,Iheardthegarbagetruckpulluptothe11nexttome.Thenoutjumpedasmallred-hairedmanwitha(n)12lookinhiseyes.“Isthiswhatyou’relookingfor?”Heasked13upasmallsquareshape.Thatnight,Igotmywalletback.Ialsogotbacksome14ofcitylife.Irealizedthatthecitycouldn’tbeabadplaceaslongaspeoplewerewillingto15eachother.语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者本来厌倦了旧金山的生活,但后来发生的一件事改变了作者的态度。1.A.Reaching B.RunningC.Walking D.Leaving答案C解析根据后文的“AsIwalkeddownemptystreetsundertallbuildings”可知,此时作者正在往家里走(walk)。故选C项。2.A.givingup B.searchingforC.carryingon D.headingto答案A解析giveup放弃;searchfor搜寻;carryon继续;headto朝向。根据前文“IwasgrowingsickofmylifeinSanFrancisco”以及后文“Citylifehadbecometoomuchforme.”可推知,作者想要放弃(giveup)大城市的生活。故选A项。3.A.tired B.amazedC.sacred D.cold答案D解析tired累的;amazed惊叹的;sacred神圣的;cold寒冷的。根据后文“Ibeganrunning,bothtokeepwarmandtokeepawayfromanypossiblerobbers.”“SuddenlyIwasn’tcoldanymore.”可知,作者此时感觉很冷(cold)。故选D项。4.A.mail B.robberC.sound D.truck答案C解析mail邮件;robber抢劫犯;sound声音;truck卡车。根据空前的heard以及后文“IranbacktowhereI’dheardthenoise.”可知,作者听到一个声音(sound)。故选C项。5.A.crowded B.noisyC.broad D.empty答案D解析crowded拥挤的;noisy吵闹的;broad宽阔的;empty空旷的。根据后文“AllIsawwasashiningstreetlight,whichmademenervous.”可知,街上空无一人(empty)。故选D项。6.A.breathe B.runC.deliver D.hike答案B解析breathe呼吸;run跑步;deliver投递;hike远足。作者之前在跑步,这时候跑(run)得更快了。故选B项。7.A.identity B.soccerC.wallet D.minor答案C解析identity证明;soccer足球;wallet钱包;minor未成年人,辅修科目。根据后文“AlthoughIsearchedthesidewalkforfifteenminutes,mywalletwasnowheretobe.”可知,作者丢失的是钱包(wallet)。故选C项。8.A.anxiously B.curiouslyC.obviously D.generously答案A解析anxiously焦急地;curiously好奇地;obviously明显地;generously大方地。根据常识,钱包丢了之后,应该是焦急地(anxiously)寻找。故选A项。9.A.preserved B.foundC.stolen D.removed答案B解析preserve保护;find发现;steal偷;remove移动。根据空前的“AlthoughIsearched...forfifteenminutes”可知,作者没有找到(find)钱包。故选B项。10.A.measure B.attemptC.search D.approach答案C解析measure计算,测量;attempt尝试;search搜寻;approach方法。根据前文的“AlthoughIsearchedthesidewalkforfifteenminutes,mywalletwasnowheretobe.”可知,作者找了许久但没有找到,打算放弃寻找(search)。故选C项。11.A.apartment B.sidewalkC.destination D.entrance答案B解析apartment公寓;sidewalk人行道;destination目的地;entrance入口。根据前文“Isearchedthesidewalk”可知,作者在人行道(sidewalk)上寻找钱包。故选B项。12.A.amused B.annoyedC.frightened D.awkward答案A解析amused高兴的;annoyed生气的;frightened害怕的;awkward尴尬的。根据语境,帮助别人应该是高兴的(amused)。故选A项。13.A.bringing B.cleaningC.stirring D.holding答案D解析bring带来;clean清洁;stir搅拌;hold举着,拿着。holdup为固定搭配,意为“举着”。故选D项。14.A.enjoyment B.achievementC.experiment D.disappointment答案A解析enjoyment乐趣;achievement成就;experiment实验;disappointment失望。结合语境,丢失的钱包被好心人送回,这应该是生活中的开心事。故选A项。15.A.appreciate B.helpC.defend D.admire答案B解析appreciate欣赏,感激;help帮助;defend保卫;admire敬佩。文章中有人帮助作者找回了钱包,因此作者认为只要有人互帮互助,城市就不会差到哪儿去。故选B项。Ⅵ.语法填空It’sestimatedthattwo-thirdsofpeopleonlinehavehadtheirpersonalinformation1.________(steal).Facedwithsucharangeof2.(threat),it’seasytofocusontechnologyinvestment.Firewalls,anti-virusprotectionandeveryotherkindoftechnologycanbethreatened
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