广东省四校2023-2024学年高二下学期期末联考+英语试卷（含答案）

华附、省实、广雅、深中2022级高二下学期期末联考英语本试卷分选择题和非选择题两部分，共12页，满分150分，考试用时120分钟。注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔将自己的校名、姓名、考号、座位号等相关信息填写在答题卡指定区域内。2.选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑；如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案；不能答在试卷上。3.非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内的相应位置上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案；不准使用铅笔和涂改液。不按以上要求作答的答案无效。4.考生必须保持答题卡的整洁。第一部分选择题（共95分）一、单项选择（共15个小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）根据题意，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。1.Aftermonthsofhardworkandpreparation,thecompanyfinallysawitsbusiness________,attractingnumerousinvestments.A.takeup B.takeover C.takeoff D.takein【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：经过数月的努力和准备，该公司终于看到了生意的腾飞，吸引了大量投资。A.takeup占用；B.takeover接管；C.takeoff(事业)腾飞；D.takein理解。根据句中“attractingnumerousinvestments”可知，公司吸引了大量投资，此处表示公司的生意腾飞了。故选C。2.________intheplanningprocessforthegroupprojectwillleaveteammembersfeelingdisconnectedandunproductive.A.Notinvolving B.NotinvolvedC.Nothavinginvolved D.Notbeinginvolved【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查固定短语和动名词。句意：不参与团队项目的计划过程会让团队成员感到疏离和低效。“beinvolvedin”意为“参与”，谓语动词是“willleave”，使用动名词短语作主语，动名词的否定形式是在它的前面加not。故选D。3.Itisreportedthatanewwildlifeconservationareahasbeenestablishedin________wasonceknownfordeforestationtoprotectendangeredspecies.A.what B.which C.how D.where【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：据报道，为了保护濒危物种，在曾经以砍伐森林而闻名的地区建立了一个新的野生动物保护区。本空引导宾语从句，从句缺少主语，指物，意为：……的地方，应用连接代词what引导。故选A。4.________ahealthyeatinghabit,andyoucanfeelmoreenergeticandimproveyourwell-being.A.Have B.Tohave C.Having D.Had【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查固定句型。句意：养成健康的饮食习惯，你会感到更有活力，改善你的健康状况。本句使用“祈使句+and/or+陈述句”句型，所以逗号前为祈使句，省略主语you，将动词原形形式置于句首。故选A。5.________uniqueproject,________ofaseriesofexperiments,isdesignedtoinvestigatethepotentialofAIinidentifyingmedicalconditions.A.An;consists B.A;consists C.An;consisting D.A;consisting【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查冠词和非谓语动词。句意：一个由一系列实验组成的独特项目旨在研究人工智能在识别医疗状况方面的潜力。unique是辅音音素开头的单词，前边应用不定冠词a，句中已有谓语isdesigned，第二空作非谓语动词，consist与逻辑主语project之间是主动关系，应用现在分词形式作后置定语。故选D。6.Thethrillingmoment________Susancherishesmostis________shereachedthepeakofthemountainandappreciatedtheuntouchedwildernessbelow.A.that;when B.which;why C.where;when D.what;why【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查定语从句和表语从句。句意：苏珊最珍惜的激动人心的时刻是当她到达山顶，欣赏下面未被触及的荒野时。第一空引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Thethrillingmoment，先行词指物，关系词在从句中作宾语，应用关系代词that/which引导从句，第二空引导表语从句，从句中缺少时间状语，应用when引导从句。故选A。7.ThenewGuangzhouCulturalMuseum,________acollectionofhistoricalrelicsfromvariousdynasties,________visitorswithitsrichculturalheritage.A.housing;collects B.featuring;attracts C.displayed;gathers D.contained;fascinates【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词和动词词义辨析。句意：新建的广州文化博物馆以收藏历代历史文物为特色，以其丰富的文化遗产吸引着游客。A.housing收藏；collects收集；B.featuring以……为特色；attracts吸引；C.displayed展示；gathers聚集，收集；D.contained包含；fascinates使……着迷。第一空需填非谓语动词，ThenewGuangzhouCulturalMuseum和所填词为逻辑主谓关系，应用现在分词形式，排除C项和D项；第二空，根据“withitsrichculturalheritage”可知，表示吸引游客，排除A项。故选B。8.Bythetimeshe________nextyear,Sarah________threeinternships,givingherastrongfoundationforhercareerinfinance.A.graduate;willcomplete B.graduates;willhavecompletedC.graduated;willbecompleted D.graduating;willbecompleting【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查时态。句意：到明年毕业时，Sarah将完成三次实习，为她的金融职业生涯打下坚实的基础。bythetime引导时间状语从句，从句使用一般现在时表示将来，从句主语是she，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式graduates，主句表示截止到将来某个时间已经完成的动作，应用将来完成时，即willhavecompleted。故选B。9.________mutualunderstanding,culturalexchangeprograms________amongthecountriesparticipatinginthemeetingcurrently.A.Strengthening;isintroduced B.Strengthened;isbeingintroducedC.Havingstrengthened;areintroduced D.Tostrengthen;arebeingintroduced【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词和时态语态。句意：为了加强相互了解，目前正在参加会议的国家之间引入文化交流项目。根据时间状语currently可知，句子描述现阶段正在进行的动作，应用现在进行时，introduce与主语culturalexchangeprograms之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，且主语culturalexchangeprograms是复数，be动词使用are，所以第二空填写arebeingintroduced，结合语意，文化交流项目被引入是为了加强相互了解，所以第一空使用动词不定式形式作目的状语。故选D。10.________theweatherislike,themarathonwillcontinueasplanned,withparticipants________toprepareforrainorshine.A.Whatever;advised B.However;advisedC.Nomatterwhat;beingadvised D.Nomatterhow;beingadvised【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查让步状语从句和非谓语动词。句意：无论天气如何，马拉松比赛都将按计划继续进行，建议参赛者做好风雨无阻的准备。第一空引导让步状语从句，且从句中缺少like的宾语，应用whatever或nomatterwhat引导从句，第二空，with复合结构中，结合语意，advise与宾语participants之间是逻辑被动关系，且表示这一动作已经完成，应用过去分词形式作宾语补足语。故选A。11.Arecentsurvey________60%ofUSrespondentsbelievedsocialmediaplatformswereevolvingtoofast,________80%urgedcautioninintroducingnewfeatures.A.shows,since B.hasshown,so C.showed,while D.hadshown,as【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查时态和连词。句意：最近的一项调查显示，60%的美国受访者认为社交媒体平台发展太快，而80%的受访者敦促在引入新功能时保持谨慎。A.shows,since显示，自从；B.hasshown,so显示，所以；C.showed,while显示，而；D.hadshown,as显示，由于。根据句中believed和urged可知，句子描述过去的情况，应用一般过去时，第一空动词使用过去式形式showed，结合语意以及句子结构可知，60%ofUSrespondentsbelievedsocialmediaplatformswereevolvingtoofast和80%urgedcautioninintroducingnewfeatures之间是对比关系，应用连词while连接。故选C。12.________dataleakshavebecomemorecommon,worriesaboutprivacyaregrowing,andthechance________aperson’sprivatedetailsareatriskisgettinghigher.A.Giventhat;whether B.Nowthat;thatC.Butthat;whether D.Exceptthat;that【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查原因状语从句和同位语从句。句意：由于数据泄露变得越来越普遍，对隐私的担忧也在增加，一个人的私人信息面临风险的可能性也越来越高。A.Giventhat;whether鉴于，是否；B.Nowthat;that由于，那；C.Butthat;whether但是，是否；D.Exceptthat；that除此之外，那。结合语意可知，由于数据泄露变得普遍，所以对隐私的担忧在增加，所以第一空应用nowthat引导原因状语从句，第二空引导同位语从句，解释说明名词chance的内容，且从句中不缺少成分以及意义，应用that引导从句。故选B。13.Theinformationboard________thatalldrones(无人机)under250gramsmustberegisteredwiththelocalflightagencybefore________inpublicareas.A.reads;flew B.read;beingflown C.reads;flying D.read;flying【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查时态和动名词。句意：信息板上写着，所有250克以下的无人机必须在当地飞行机构注册后才能在公共区域飞行。read表示信息板上写着或显示着某个内容，句子描述的为法规，使用一般现在时态，主语Theinformationboard为单数意义，read使用第三人称单数形式；before为介词，后接动名词作宾语。故选C。14.________governmentshaveaddressedtheproblemofaffordablehousing________theircommitmenttoprovidingaccessiblelivingoptionsforallcitizensA.What;reflects B.That;reflects C.There;reflected D.Whether;reflected【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查主语从句和时态。句意：政府已经解决了经济适用房问题，这反映了他们为所有公民提供无障碍生活选择的承诺。第一空引导主语从句，且从句中不缺少成分以及意义，应用that引导从句，置于句首，首字母大写，第二空作主句谓语，根据句中haveaddressed可知，主句描述现在的一般情况，应用一般现在时，从句作主语，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故选B。公众号：高中试卷君15.NovelsbyauthorssuchasDickensandAustenarewidelyread,someof________works,however,aresometimesdifficult________.A.which,tocomprehend B.whose,tocomprehendC.which,tobecomprehended D.whose,tobecomprehended【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查定语从句和非谓语动词。句意：狄更斯和奥斯汀等作家的小说被广泛阅读，但其中一些作品有时很难理解。第一空处为“someof+关系代词”引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词DickensandAusten，先行词与works之间为所属关系，所以空处应用whose引导从句，“主语+be+形容词+todo”为固定句型，表示“……做某事是……的”，所以第二空应用动词不定式形式，且本句型中不定式使用主动形式表示被动意义。故选B。二、阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ATherearemanyscientificbreakthroughsmadebywomenintheAntarctic.HerearefourlandmarksinAntarcticaandthefemalepioneersthey’renamedafter.JonesTerraceTheice-freeterraceineasternAntarctica’sVictoriaLandbearsJones’name.In1969,geochemistLoisM.Jonesledthefirstall-femaleresearchteamfromtheU.S.toworkinAntarctica.JonesandherteamstudiedchemicalweatheringintheMcMurdoDryValleys,anice-freeareaofAntarctica.Throughchemicalanalysesofrockstheyhadcollected,Jonesandherteamdiscoveredmanygeochemicalcharacteristicsofthevalley’sice-coveredlakes.MountFiennes8,202-foot-highMountFiennes,locatedonAntarctica’slargestisland—AlexanderIsland—isnamedafterGinnyFiennes.Sheestablishedandmaintained80-foot-tallradiotowersintheAntarcticwithhercolleagues.In1985,FiennesbecamethefirstfemaleinvitedtojointheAntarcticClub,aBritishsupperclubopentoindividualswhohavespentextendedtimeintheAntarcticregion.FrancisPeakThe3,727-foot-tallpeakonAntarctica’sAdelaideIslandisnamedafterDameJaneFrancis,whoisthefirstfemaledirectoroftheBritishAntarcticSurvey,thenationalpolarresearchinstituteoftheUK.HercollectionoffossilsonSeymourIslandhelpedconcludeina2021paperthatAntarctica’sabundantplantfossilsindicatethecontinentoncehadamuchwarmerclimatethanitcurrentlydoes.PedenCliffsPedenCliffsnearAntarctica’sMarieByrdLandareproofofthelaborofIrenePeden.ShewasthefirstAmericanfemalescientisttobothliveandworkintheAntarctic,wheresheusedradiowavestostudyicesheets.Pedenandherteamdeterminedhowverylowfrequencyradiowavespreadoverlongpolardistancesbymeasuringpathwaysintheice.TheyalsousedvaryingradiowavefrequenciestomeasurethethicknessofAntarctica’sicesheets.16.Whatdothefirsttwopioneershaveincommon?A.TheyanalyzeddifferentchemicalsofrocksinAntarctica.B.TheybothworkedwiththeirownteaminAntarctica.C.Theyconductedtheresearchintheice-freeareasinAntarctica.D.TheyjoinedtheAntarcticClubfortheirstayinAntarctica.17.WhoprovedtheprevioushighertemperaturesoftheAntarctic?A.LoisM.Jones. B.GinnyFiennes.C.DameJaneFrancis. D.IrenePeden.18.WhatisthescientificbreakthroughofIrenePeden?A.ShewasthefirstAmericanscientisttoexploretheAntarctic.B.Shemeasuredthespreadingfrequenciesofradiowaves.C.ShefoundoutthethicknessofAntarctica’sicesheets.D.Shediscoveredalotofice-coveredlakesintheAntarctic.【答案】16.B17.C18.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了四位女性在探索南极洲方面取得的成就。【16题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段的“In1969,geochemistLoisM.Jonesledthefirstall-femaleresearchteamfromtheU.S.toworkinAntarctica.JonesandherteamstudiedchemicalweatheringintheMcMurdoDryValleys,anice-freeareaofAntarctica.(1969年，地球化学家LoisM.Jones带领美国第一个全女性研究小组在南极洲工作。Jones和她的团队研究了南极洲无冰地区麦克默多干谷的化学风化作用。)”和第三段的“Sheestablishedandmaintained80-foot-tallradiotowersintheAntarcticwithhercolleagues.(她和同事们在南极建立并维护了80英尺高的无线电发射塔。)”可知，LoisM.Jones领导了第一个在南极洲工作的美国全女性研究小组，GinnyFiennes和她的同事们一起在南极洲建立和维护无线电发射塔。由此可知，前两位先驱的共同之处在于她们都和自己的团队一起在南极洲工作。故选B。【17题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段的“The3,727-foot-tallpeakonAntarctica’sAdelaideIslandisnamedafterDameJaneFrancis,whoisthefirstfemaledirectoroftheBritishAntarcticSurvey,thenationalpolarresearchinstituteoftheUK.

HercollectionoffossilsonSeymourIslandhelpedconcludeina2021paperthatAntarctica’sabundantplantfossilsindicatethecontinentoncehadamuchwarmerclimatethanitcurrentlydoes.(这座位于南极洲阿德莱德岛上的3727英尺高的山峰是以DameJaneFrancis的名字命名的，她是英国南极调查局的第一位女性主任。她在西摩岛收集的化石帮助她在2021年的一篇论文中得出结论：南极洲丰富的植物化石表明，该大陆曾经有过比现在温暖得多的气候。)”可知，DameJaneFrancis根据在西摩岛收集的化石得出结论，南极洲曾经的气候比现在暖和得多，因此DameJaneFrancis证明了南极以前的高温。故选C。【18题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Pedenandherteamdeterminedhowverylowfrequencyradiowavespreadoverlongpolardistancesbymeasuringpathwaysintheice.TheyalsousedvaryingradiowavefrequenciestomeasurethethicknessofAntarctica’sicesheets.(Peden和她的团队通过测量冰中的路径来确定低频无线电波是如何在极长距离传播的。她们还使用不同的无线电波频率来测量南极洲冰盖的厚度。)”可知，IrenePeden利用无线电波得出南极洲冰盖的厚度。故选C。BCanadianauthorAliceMunro,amasterofthecontemporaryshortstory,passedawayonMay13,2024,at92.Munro’stextsfeatureddepictionsofeverydaybutdecisiveevents,pullingvastthemesoutofordinarysettings.HercharactersoftenmirroredherownruralOntariolifestyle.InaninterviewafterwinningtheNobelPrize,shesaidthatlivinginasmalltowngaveherthefreedomtowrite.“Idon’tthinkIcouldhavebeensobraveifIhadbeenlivinginacity,competingwithpeopleonwhatcanbecalledagenerallyhigherculturallevel,”shesaid.“AsfarasIknew,atleastforawhile,IwastheonlypersonIknewwhowrotestories.”Munro’sfirstshortstorywaspublishedwhenshewas37,acollegedropoutsqueezinginwritingtimearoundherchildren’snaps.Bythetimeshewasinher60s,shehadbecomeoneofthemostcelebratedshort-storywritersintheworld.Throughoutherlongcareer,shehardlyeverfailedtowowreadersandcriticswithherquietlypowerfullanguage.Inreviewingherlastcollection,DearLife,NPRcriticAlanCheusewrote“AMunrostorygivesussomuchlifewithintheboundsofasingletalethatitnourishes(滋养)usalmostasmuchasanoveldoes.”Inaliteraryculturethattendstocelebratenovelsovershorterfiction,Munrohasbeenaconstantadvocateforthepoweroftheshortstory.Intheinterview,Munroemphasizedthesignificanceofherwinnotforherself,butforherartform:“Ireallyhopethiswouldmakepeopleseetheshortstoryasanimportantart,notjustsomethingyouplayaroundwithuntilyougetanovelwritten.”Whenasked“Doyouwantyoungwomentobeinspiredbyyourbooksandfeelinspiredtowrite?”Munroreplied,“Idon’tcareaboutthat.Iwantpeopletofindnotsomuchinspirationasgreatjoy.Iwantthemtothinkofmybooksasrelatedtotheirownlivesinways.”19.WhydidMunrofeelfreetowritewhilelivinginruralareas?A.Shewasinspiredbyrurallandscapeandlifestyles.B.Shewasfreefromstressofamoreculturedsetting.C.Shehadmorecouragetocompetewithurbanwriters.DShehadaccesstoordinarypeopleanddecisiveevents.20.WhatdidAlanCheusesayaboutMunro’sstoriesinDearLife?A.Theypromotereaders’mentalwell-being.B.Theyhavebrokenthelengthlimitofshortstories.C.Theyimpressreaderswithquietlypowerfullanguage.D.Theyofferrichnessanddepthinshorterformat.21.HowdidMunroviewtheshortstoryinliteraryculture?A.Itismorepowerfulthannovels. B.Itisawayofentertainmentforyoungwriters.C.Itisasimportantanartformasnovels. D.Itisaninspirationforyoungwriters.22.WhatdidMunrowantreaderstogetbyreadingherbooks?A.Inspirationtobecomewritersthemselves.B.Enjoymentandconnectiontotheirownlives.C.Pleasureandmotivationtochangetheirlives.D.Informationaboutartformsandliteraryculture.【答案】19.B20.D21.C22.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了加拿大作家爱丽丝·门罗（AliceMunro）的生平和她在短篇小说领域的卓越贡献。【19题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“InaninterviewafterwinningtheNobelPrize,shesaidthatlivinginasmalltowngaveherthefreedomtowrite.“Idon’tthinkIcouldhavebeensobraveifIhadbeenlivinginacity,competingwithpeopleonwhatcanbecalledagenerallyhigherculturallevel,”shesaid.“AsfarasIknew,atleastforawhile,IwastheonlypersonIknewwhowrotestories.”(在获得诺贝尔奖后的一次采访中，她说住在小镇给了她写作的自由。她说：“如果我生活在一个城市，与人们在所谓的更高文化水平上竞争，我想我不会这么勇敢。”“据我所知，至少在一段时间内，我是我认识的唯一一个写故事的人。”)”可知，门罗在农村生活时可以自由写作，这是由于她不需要与更高文化水平的人们竞争，这免去了她的压力。故选B。【20题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“Inreviewingherlastcollection,DearLife,NPRcriticAlanCheusewrote“AMunrostorygivesussomuchlifewithintheboundsofasingletalethatitnourishes(滋养)usalmostasmuchasanoveldoes.”(在评论她的上一部作品集《亲爱的生活》时，美国国家公共电台评论家AlanCheuse写道：“门罗的故事在一个故事的范围内给了我们如此多的生命，它几乎和小说一样滋养着我们。”)”可知，AlanCheuse认为门罗作品集《亲爱的生活》中的故事即使在较短的篇幅中也提供了丰富的内容和深度，几乎像小说一样滋养读者。故选D。【21题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段“Ireallyhopethiswouldmakepeopleseetheshortstoryasanimportantart,notjustsomethingyouplayaroundwithuntilyougetanovelwritten.(我真地希望这能让人们把短篇小说视为一种重要的艺术，而不仅仅是你在写小说之前玩的东西)”可知，门罗认为短篇小说也需要被视为一种重要的艺术，即它和小说一样重要。故选C。【22题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段“Idon’tcareaboutthat.Iwantpeopletofindnotsomuchinspirationasgreatjoy.Iwantthemtothinkofmybooksasrelatedtotheirownlivesinways.(我不在乎。我希望人们找到的与其说是灵感，不如说是巨大的快乐。我希望他们认为我的书在某种程度上与他们自己的生活有关)”可知，门罗希望人们通过阅读她的书获得巨大的快乐，并且希望人们认为她的书与自己的生活有关，即门罗希望读者享受并与自己的生活产生联系。故选B。CHandwritingnotesinclassmightseemold-fashionedasdigitaltechnologyaffectsnearlyeveryaspectoflearning.ButarecentstudyinFrontiersinPsychologysuggeststhattakingnoteswithpenandpaperisstillthebestwaytolearn,especiallyforyoungchildren.Thenewresearchbuildsona2014studythatsuggestedpeoplemaytypenotesquickly,withoutthinkingmuchaboutwhatthey’rewriting-butwritingbyhandisslowerandmakesthemactivelypayattentiontoandprocesstheincominginformation.Thisconsciousactionofbuildingonexistingknowledgecanmakeiteasierforstudentstostayengagedandgraspnewconcepts.Tounderstandspecificbrain-activitydifferencesduringthetwonote-takingapproaches,theauthorsofthenewstudysewed256electrodes(电极)intoahairnet.Thesesensorsletthescientistsrecord36students’brainactivityastheywroteortypedwordsdisplayedonascreen.Whenstudentswrotebyhand,thesensorspickedupwidespreadbrainconnectivitythroughoutvisualregionsthatreceiveandprocesssensoryinformation,andthemotorcortex(运动皮层)thathelpsthebrainuseenvironmentalinputstoinformaperson’snextaction.Typing,however,resultedinminimalactivityinthesebrainregions.VanderbiltUniversityeducationalneuroscientistSophiaVinci-Boohersaystherecentstudyhighlightsthecleartiebetweenphysicalactionsandconceptunderstanding,“Asyou’rewritingaword,you’retakingthiscontinuousunderstandingofsomethingandusingmotorsystemtocreateit.”Thatcreationthenaffectsthevisualsystem,whereit’sprocessedagain-strengtheningtheconnectionbetweenanactionandthewordsassociatedwithit.Vinci-Boohernotesthatthenewfindingsdon’tmeantechnologyisalwaysadisadvantageintheclassroom.Digitaldevicescanbemoreefficientforwritingessaysandoffermoreequalaccesstoeducationalresources.However,there’sagrowingtrendofrelyingondigitaldevicestoperformcognitive(认知的)tasks,suchastakingphotosinsteadofmemorizinginformation.YadurshanaSivashankar,anresearcherattheUniversityofWaterloosays,“Ifwe’renotactivelyusingtheseareas,thentheyaregoingtobecomeworseovertime,whetherit’smemoryormotorskills.”23.Whydoestheauthormentionthe2014study?A.Topresentdifferentresearchfindings. B.TomakethenewresearchmoreconvincingC.Tocomparetwonotetakingapproaches. D.Toshowtheadvantageofwritingslowly24.WhatcanbelearnedfromtheexperimentinParagraph3?A.Sensorswereusedtoprocessvisualinformation.B.Electrodeswereconnectedtostudents’hairdirectly.C.Writingbyhandactivatedmorebrainactivitythantyping.D.Typingstimulatedthemotorcortextoinformfollowingaction.25.WhatwouldSophiaVinci-Booherprobablyadvisestudentstodo?A.Makebetteruseofmotorsystem. B.Takeadvantageofdigitaldevices.C.Adoptanewapproachtotakingnotes. D.Memorizewordsbywritingessays.26.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.Technologyisnotadisadvantageinclassroom.B.Writingbyhandcomeswithlearningbenefits.C.Takingnotesenhancesstudents’brainactivity.D.Twonote-takingapproacheshavecleardifferences.【答案】23.B24.C25.D26.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一项研究表明手写笔记能增强学习效果，尤其是对儿童而言。手写可激活大脑视觉和运动区域，促进信息加工与概念理解，优于键盘输入。然而科技在教育中仍有其价值，关键在于平衡使用。【23题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“Thenewresearchbuildsona2014studythatsuggestedpeoplemaytypenotesquickly,withoutthinkingmuchaboutwhatthey’rewriting-butwritingbyhandisslowerandmakesthemactivelypayattentiontoandprocesstheincominginformation.(这项新的研究建立在2014年的一项研究的基础上，该研究表明，人们可能会快速打字，而不会过多考虑自己在写什么，但手写速度较慢，会让他们积极关注和处理收到的信息。)”可知，新的研究建立在2014年的研究的基础上，所以作者提及2014年的研究是为了让新的研究更具说服力。故选B项。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Whenstudentswrotebyhand,thesensorspickedupwidespreadbrainconnectivitythroughoutvisualregionsthatreceiveandprocesssensoryinformation,andthemotorcortex(运动皮层)thathelpsthebrainuseenvironmentalinputstoinformaperson’snextaction.Typing,however,resultedinminimalactivityinthesebrainregions.(当学生用手写字时，传感器在接收和处理感官信息的视觉区域以及帮助大脑利用环境输入来通知一个人下一步行动的运动皮层中发现了广泛的大脑连接。然而，打字导致这些大脑区域的活动极小。)”可知，手写可以激活大脑更广泛区域的活动，相比之下，打字只在这些区域产生了最小的活动，由此可知，手写比打字更能激活大脑活动。故选C项。【25题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段“VanderbiltUniversityeducationalneuroscientistSophiaVinci-Boohersaystherecentstudyhighlightsthecleartiebetweenphysicalactionsandconceptunderstanding,“Asyou’rewritingaword,you’retakingthiscontinuousunderstandingofsomethingandusingmotorsystemtocreateit.”Thatcreationthenaffectsthevisualsystem,whereit’sprocessedagain-strengtheningtheconnectionbetweenanactionandthewordsassociatedwithit.(范德比尔特大学教育神经科学家SophiaVinciBooher表示，最近的研究强调了身体动作和概念理解之间的明确联系，“当你写一个单词时，你正在对某物进行持续的理解，并使用运动系统来创造它。”然后，这种创造会影响视觉系统，在视觉系统中，它被再次处理，加强了动作与相关单词之间的联系。)”可知，SophiaVinciBooher认为写单词可以增进持续的理解，所以SophiaVinciBooher可能会建议学生通过写文章来记忆单词。故选D项。【26题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“ButarecentstudyinFrontiersinPsychologysuggeststhattakingnoteswithpenandpaperisstillthebestwaytolearn,especiallyforyoungchildren.(但《心理学前沿》最近的一项研究表明，用笔和纸做笔记仍然是最好的学习方式，尤其是对儿童来说。)”以及文章内容可知，本文主要介绍了手写笔记能增强学习效果，有助于学习。故选B项。DThemorescientistsinvestigatethemicrobes(微生物)livinginsideus,themoretheylearnaboutthesurprisingimpactofthetinyorganismsonhowwelook,act,think,andfeel.Areourhealthandwell-beingreallydrivenbythebacteria,virusesandfungithatliveinourintestines(肠),inourlungs,onourskin,onoureyeballs?Whataweirdconcept—thatthebugswecarryaroundappeartobeessentialtoestablishingthebasicnatureofwhoweare.Theeffectsofthemicrobiome,themicroorganismsthatexistinhumanbody,canbeprofoundandcanstartincrediblyearly.Inastudy,scientistsshowedthatsomethingsupposedlyasnaturalasachild’scharactermightberelatedtothebacteriainaninfant’sdigestivesystem;themoreBifidobacterium(双歧杆菌)thereare,thesunnierthebabyis.Thisobservation,fromtheUniversityofTurkuinFinland,isbasedonananalysisofsamplesfrom301babies.ThosewiththehighestproportionofBifidobacteriumorganismsattwomonthsoldweremorelikelytoexhibitatraittheresearcherscalled“positiveemotionality”atsixmonthsold.Microbiomescienceisstillrelativelyyoung.Moststudiessofarhavebeeninitialandsmall-scale,involvingonlyadozenorsomiceorhumans.Scientistshavefoundassociationsbetweenthemicrobiomeanddiseasebutcan’tyetdrawclearcause-and-effectconclusionsaboutourextensivecollectionofmicroorganismsandtheireffectsonusashosts.Still,thecollectionitselfismind-boggling—it’snowthoughttobearound38trillionmicrobesforatypicalyoungadultmale,slightlymorethanthenumberofactualhumancells.Andtheprospectsforputtingthatcollectiontousearemorethanpromising.Inthenot-too-distantfuture,accordingtothemostenthusiasticresearchers,itmightbearoutineforustotakeadoseofhealthymicrobesinvariousforms.Hopefully,withthehelpofnewmedicaladvances,wewillbeabletoachieveourfullpotentialbyfunctioningatpeaklevelsinternallyandexternally.27.Whatcanwelearnaboutmicrobiome?A.Thedevelopmentofmicrobiomeisquitematurenowadays.B.ThemoreBifidobacteriumanadulthas,thehealthieroneis.C.Moremicrobesthanhumancellsarepresentinyoungmen.D.Microbeshavelittleinfluenceonshapingouridentity28.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“mind-boggling”inParagraph3probablymean?A.Weakening. B.Astonishing. C.Disturbing. D.Misleading.29.Whatcanbeinferredfromthetext?A.It’snecessarytoremovecertainfungifromourbody.B.2-month-oldbabiesareoftenmorepositivethan6-month-oldones.C.NewsupplementsrelatedtomicrobiomearelikelybeingdevelopedD.Therelationshipbetweenmicroorganismsanddiseaseremainsunclear.30.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Howmicrobesbenefitourhealth.B.Howmicrobesshapeourlives.C.Whataffectsearlychildhood.D.WhatTurkuUniversityrevealsaboutmicrobes.【答案】27C28.B29.D30.B【解析】【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了微生物对于身体的影响以及科学家对微生物研究发展状况。【27题详解】细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“Still,thecollectionitselfismind-boggling—it’snowthoughttobearound38trillionmicrobesforatypicalyoungadultmale,slightlymorethanthenumberofactualhumancells.(尽管如此，这些收集本身是令人难以置信的——现在被认为是一个典型的年轻成年男性大约有38万亿个微生物，比实际的人类细胞数量略多。)”可知，年轻男性身上的微生物比人类细胞数量略多。故选C。【28题详解】词句猜测题。根据文章倒数第二段划线词后的句子“it’snowthoughttobearound38trillionmicrobesforatypicalyoungadultmale,slightlymorethanthenumberofactualhumancells.(现在被认为是一个典型的年轻成年男性大约有38万亿个微生物，比实际的人类细胞数量略多。)”得出的结论是成年男性有38万亿个微生物，数量非常的大，比实际的人类细胞数量略多；“Still,thecollectionitselfis

mind-boggling(尽管如此，微生物的自身数量还是mind-boggling)”指的是数量之大是非常惊人的，mind-boggling意为“惊人的”，与astonishing意思相近。故选B。【29题详解】推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“Scientistshavefoundassociationsbetweenthemicrobiomeanddiseasebutcan’tyetdrawclearcause-and-effectconclusionsaboutourextensivecollectionofmicroorganismsandtheireffectsonusashosts.(科学家们已经发现了微生物群和疾病之间的联系，但还不能就我们广泛收集的微生物及其对我们作为宿主的影响得出明确的因果关系结论。)”可知，科学家虽然发现微生物群和疾病之间有联系，但是没有证据证明其中的因果关系；因此，微生物与疾病之间的关系尚不清楚。故选D。【30题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文、尤其根据文章第一段“Themorescientistsinvestigatethemicrobes(微生物)livinginsideus,themoretheylearnaboutthesurprisingimpactofthetinyorganismsonhowwelook,act,think,andfeel.Areourhealthandwell-beingreallydrivenbythebacteria,virusesandfungithatliveinourintestines(肠 ),inourlungs,onourskin,onoureyeballs?Whataweirdconcept—thatthebugswecarryaroundappeartobeessentialtoestablishingthebasicnatureofwhoweare.(科学家对生活在我们体内的微生物(微生物)研究得越多，他们就越了解这些微小的有机体对我们的外表、行为、思维和感觉的惊人影响。我们的健康和幸福真的是由生活在我们的肠道、肺部、皮肤和眼球上的细菌、病毒和真菌驱动的吗？多么奇怪的概念——我们随身携带的细菌似乎是建立我们是谁的基本本质所必需的。)”以及第二段“Theeffectsofthemicrobiome,themicroorganismsthatexistinhumanbody,canbeprofoundandcanstartincrediblyearly.(微生物群，即存在于人体内的微生物，其影响可能是深远的，而且可能在很早的时候就开始了。)”可知，本文主要阐述研究表明，存在与人体内的微生物群数量惊人，对人类的外表、行为、思维和感觉的惊人影响，这种影响可能产生较早且是深远的，而且微生物群和疾病之间的联系；选项B“Howmicrobesshapeourlives.(微生物如何塑造我们的生活。)”能够概括文章主旨，适合作本文的标题。故选B。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。Onalargescale,makingtheworldabetterplacecanseemchallenging.___31___Asaleader,yourperspectivesandideascandirectlyimpactyourcommunityforthebetter.Herearesomewaystomakeanimpactandgrowyourleadershipthroughemotionalintelligence.___32___Beingabletoprovideasafespacethroughdeeplisteningcreatestrust,whichlaysthefoundationformeaningfulrelationshipsandfruitfulpartnerships.Asaresult,peoplearemorelikelytoshareopenlyandhonestly.Empathyandlisteningwillincreasethequalityofyourrelationshipsandskyrocketyourresults.Makingapositiveimpactcanalsobeassimpleastakingthetimetoacknowledgeandinspiresomeoneintoaction.Takingtimetoacknowledgesomeonebylettingthemknowyouseetheireffortsandtalents.___33___Anexampleofwhatthiscouldsoundlikeis,“Wow!Iamblownawaybyyourproject.WhatIseepossibleforyouistosharewiththerestoftheteamhowtodoittoo.”Getinvolvedwithyouralreadyexistingcommunitiesandnetworkingcircles.Startbyconnectingwithyourpeersandaskthemabout