10.复合句之三定语从句-2022年上海名校高中自主招生英语直通车

第页第10讲：第10讲：复合句——定语从句11考点归纳、考前巩固、真题链接 考点归纳anyone/those/he+who(主谓一致)关系代词:that(人、物),which(物),who(人),whom(人),whose(人、物),as

关系副词:where,when,why

先行词:名词、代词

定语从句的解题思路:将先行词还原anyone/those/he+who(主谓一致)限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句: ⑴ 一般情况下，非限制性定语从句可用who,whom,which,whose,where,when引导，不用that,why引导，且引导词不能省略；非限制性定语从句中的which可指代整个分句，也可只是前面句子的一部分 ⑵ 特殊情况下只能用非限制性定语从句，①先行词为独一无二的事物(如Paris)；②定语从句修饰的是主句的整个或一部分；③特殊结构(如thelargestofwhich)只能用that而非which: ⑴ 先行词为不定代词，如Everythingthatweneedishere. ⑵ 先行词被某些词修饰，如①all,any,no,little等限定词；②形容词最高级；③序数词；④theonly/thevery ⑶ 先行词既包含人又包含物 ⑷ 主句为wh-开头的特殊疑问句或先行词为疑问代词 ⑸ 先行词还原时为定语从句中的表语，如Heisnotthemanthatheusedtobe.关系副词只在定语从句中(状语从句中成立吗?)有如下等同关系:(注意介词)

where=prep.(e.g.in,on)+which 其先行词可为place,room,house,etc.

when=prep.(e.g.at,on)+which 其先行词可为time,day,morning,etc.

why=forwhich 其先行词只能为reasonprep.+whom/which/whose+(n.)结构: 当关系代词作介词补足成分时，介词一般前置，此时只能用whom指人，which指物

e.g. JamesRussellisamanforwhomIhavethegreatestrespect.

但一些固定的动词短语，如takecareof,listento等在定语从句中一般不将介词与动词拆开

e.g. Thisistheoldmanwhomhehasbeentakingcareof.

若介词后置，可用who/that指人，that指物，间或省去

e.g. Theyaretheboys(who)/(that)Iwenttoschoolwith.

e.g. Doyouknowthemaninwhosehonorapartywasheldyesterday?

e.g. Ibought6books,twoofwhichareforhim.=Ibought6books,andtwoofthemareforhim.

cf. Youmayfindfaultinwhathesaid.

Aturtlediffersfromallotherreptilesinthatithasitsbodyencasedinaprotectiveshell.as的用法，如:thesame…as…/such…as…/asweallknow/Asisknowntoall(非限制性定语从句位于主句之前)等；试比较thesame…that…/such…that…充当定语从句宾语的关系代词(或that充当补语)通常可以省略(prep.+关系代词时可省略吗?)way的用法:Idon’tliketheway(inwhich/that)hespeaks.

注意不能用how引导以theway为先行词的定语从句，如不可说*Thatisthewayhowhespoke.但可改说Thatishowhespoke.one与theone的用法注意在限制性定语从句中，为避免关系词所指对象的歧义，对关系词的选择必须审慎，如

There’sonlyonestudentintheschoolthatIwantedtosee.

此处的关系代词that到底指代的是student还是school不明确，故改用who/whom，指明先行词为student2双重定语从句，如She’stheonlygirlIknowwhocanplaytheguitar.

Iknow修饰theonlygirl，而who引导的定语从句修饰theonlygirlIknow

注意此类定语从句一般只能省略第一个从句中作宾语的关系词，如

Thebestplay()Shakespearewrote,butwhichIhaven’tread,isprobablyKingLear.2定语从句的“插入”与“割裂”现象，如 IhavegonetotheDisneylandwhichyouknowIhavebeendreamingof.

Gonearethedayswhenwelivedasadlife.比较、注意: a. Tomwonthefirstprize,whichpleasesus.Tomwonthefirstprize,andthispleasesus.

b. IwilldoallthatIcantohelpyou.IwilldowhatIcantohelpyou.

c. That’sthefactthatwehavewonthematch.That’sthefactthat/whichwehavefound.

d. Itwasinthefirstbookshopwhereyouboughtityesterday.(thatIboughtit)

e. Themeetingwhichwillbeheldisimportant.Themeetingtobeheldisimportant.

f. Themeetingwhichisbeingheldisimportant.Themeetingbeingheldisimportant.

g. Themeetingwhichwasheldisimportant.Themeetingheldisimportant.

h. Thewatch(that)Ihadhadrepairedwasoutoforderagainyesterday.

i. Neverletthosewhoaretooweakcarrysuchaheavybox.

j. It’sthefirsttimethatIhavevisitedBeijing.

k. Hespentasmuchashecouldbuyingmeabook.

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