高中英语外研版必修第一册Unit 5　Period 2　Understanding ideas-Reading comprehension

ASTUDENTOFAFRICANWILDLIFEItis5∶45amandthesunisjustrisingoverGombeNationalParkinEastAfrica.FollowingJane’swayofstudyingchimps❶，ourgroupareallgoingtovisitthemintheforest.Janehasstudiedthesefamiliesofchimpsformanyyearsandhelpedpeopleunderstandhowmuchtheybehavelikehumans.Watchingafamilyofchimpswakeupisourfirstactivityoftheday.Thismeansgoingbacktotheplacewhereweleftthefamilysleepinginatreethenightbefore.Everybodysitsandwaitsintheshadeofthetreeswhilethefamilybeginstowakeupandmoveoff.Thenwefollowastheywanderintotheforest.Mostofthetime,chimpseitherfeedorcleaneachotherasawayofshowingloveintheirfamily.Janewarnsusthatourgroupisgoingtobeverytiredanddirtybytheafternoonandsheisright.However,theeveningmakesitallworthwhile❷.Wewatchthemotherchimpandherbabiesplayinthetree.Thenweseethemgotosleeptogetherintheirnest❸forthenight.Werealizethatthebondbetweenmembersofachimpfamilyisasstrongasinahumanfamily.NobodybeforeJanefullyunderstoodchimpbehaviour.Shespentyearsobservingandrecordingtheirdailyactivities.Sinceherchildhoodshehadwantedtoworkwithanimalsintheirownenvironment.However,thiswasnoteasy.WhenshefirstarrivedinGombein1960,itwasunusualforawomantoliveintheforest.Onlyafterhermothercametohelpherforthefirstfewmonthswassheallowedtobeginherproject.Herworkchangedthewaypeoplethinkaboutchimps.Forexample,oneimportantthingshediscoveredwasthatchimpshuntandeatmeat.Untiltheneveryonehadthoughtchimpsateonlyfruitandnuts.Sheactuallyobservedchimpsasagrouphuntingamonkeyandtheneatingit.Shealsodiscoveredhowchimpscommunicatewitheachother,andherstudyoftheirbodylanguagehelpedherworkouttheirsocialsystem.ForfortyyearsJaneGoodallhasbeenoutspoken❹aboutmakingtherestoftheworldunderstandandrespectthelifeoftheseanimals.Shehasarguedthatwildanimalsshouldbeleftinthewildandnotusedforentertainment❺oradvertisements.Shehashelpedtosetupspecialplaceswheretheycanlivesafely.(节选自老教材人教版必修4Unit1)词汇积累1．chimp/tʃɪmp/n．(非洲)黑猩猩2．worthwhile/wɜːθ'waɪl/adj.值得的；值得做的3．nest/nest/n．巢；窝4．outspoken/aʊt'spəʊkən/adj.直言的；坦诚的5．entertainment/ˌentə'teɪnmənt/n．娱乐；款待Period2Understandingideas—ReadingcomprehensionⅠ.匹配单词1．annual A．amethodforsolvingaproblem2．seek B．happeningordoneonceeveryyear3．position C．drop，fallviolentlyorsharply4．determine D．location，theplaceofsomething5．solution E．totrytoobtainorachievesth6．crash F．tomakeupone’smindafterexperimentorstudy答案1.B2.E3.D4.F5.A6.CⅡ.选词填空eq\x(managetodo，thesolutionto，cutdown，feedon)1．Tomysurprise，thiskindofcreaturefeedsonsomeplants.2．Hispartnerhadfoundthesolutiontotheproblemsotheysettledtheproblemandmadeafortune.3．Peoplecutdowntreestomakepaper，whichdestroysthehomesofsomeanimals.4．Hefinallymanagedtocompletethehardworkthankstohisstrongwillandpassion.Step1速读——整体理解文意Ⅰ.明文章大意What’sthemainideaofthetext?A．Themonarch’smigration.B．Thereasonsforthemonarch’smigration.C．Mexico’smonarch.D．Howtoprotectthemonarch.答案AⅡ.悉层次结构Readthetextquicklyandmatchthemainideawitheachparagraph.Para.1A．Reasonsforthemonarch’strouble.Para.2B．Waysthatthemonarchmigrates.Para.3C．Measurestoprotectthemonarch.Para.4D．Definitionofanimalmigration.Para.5E．Detailsaboutthemonarch’smigration.答案Para.1DPara.2EPara.3BPara.4APara.5CStep2细读——逐段获取细节Ⅰ.Readpara.1carefullyanddothefollowingexercises.1．Whatismigration?Animals’annualmovementfromoneplacetoanotheratcertaintimesoftheyeariscalledmigration.2．Whydoanimalsmigrate?答案Theymigratetofindfood，seekapartner/mate(配偶)，orinsearchofwarmerweather.3．Whatdoestheword“that”inthelastsentencereferto?答案Itreferstothemigration.4．Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthemonarch’smigration?答案Amongthemostwonderfulmigrations.Ⅱ.Readpara.2carefullyanddothefollowingexercises.1．Whatdomonarchbutterflieslooklike?答案Theyarebeautifulinsectswithfineblackandorangewings.2．Duringthemigration，wheredotheystartandgo?答案TheytravelfromnorthAmericatoCaliforniaorMexico.3．Whatmadeusconfused(困惑)?答案Untilrecentlynooneknewhowthemonarchbutterfliesmanagedtotravelaround4,000kilometressouthandfindtheirwaytoCaliforniaorMexico.Ⅲ.Readpara.3carefullyanddothefollowingexercise.Howcantheyfindtheirwaytotheirdestinations？Completethe“cause­effect”flowchartofthemonarch’smigrationjourney.答案①thetimeofday②thepositionofthesunwiththeireyes③thewaytogo④theplaceswheretheywillspendthewinterⅣ.Readpara.4carefullyanddothefollowingexercise.Completethesentenceswithexpressionsfromthisparagraphandthenfinishthe“cause­effect”flowchartofthemonarchpopulationcrash.a．Humanstrees.b．Thewheremonarchscanbefoundisdestroyed.c．Humansusechemicalsthatthatmonarchcaterpillarseat.d．Themonarchbutterfly’spopulationinthelastfewyears.答案cutdown；naturalenvironmentofmanyplaces；killtheplants；hascrashed(byasmuchas90percent)Ⅴ.Readpara.5carefullyanddothefollowingexercise.Howdoestheauthormainlydevelopparagraphs3－5?A．Bytimeorder.B．Byspaceorder.C．Byexamples.D．Bycauseandeffect.答案DⅥ.Readthewholepassageagainanddothefollowingexercises.1．Whereareyoumostlikelytofindthispassage?A．Inascientificresearchpaperaboutthemonarchbutterfly’smigration.B．Inapopularnaturemagazineintroducingthemonarchbutterfly.C．InatravelleafletencouragingpeopletovisitNorthAmerica.D．Inanovelwhichdescribesone’sloveforthemonarchbutterfly.答案B2．What’sthetypeofthepassage?A．Narration. B．Argumentation.C．Exposition. D．Anewsreport.答案CStep3读后——讨论深度理解1．Howdoyouunderstandtheword“journey”inthetitle？(Criticalthinking)答案(1)Itisthemonarch’sjourneytothedestination.(2)Itisalsoscientists’journeytodiscoveringandsolvingthemystery.(3)Itishumans’journeytoprotectingthemonarch.2．Whatcanpeopledotohelpprotectthemonarchbutterfly？(Creativethinking)答案(1)Raiseawarenessofthiscreature.(2)Worktogethertorecorditsmigration.(3)Plantnativemilkweedspeciesforittofeedon.(4)Donotusechemicalsthatkilltheplantsthatmonarchcaterpillarseat.(5)Protectthenaturalenvironmentanditsecosystem.(6)Keepinharmonywithnature.Step4总结——课文语法填空Manyanimalsmovefromoneplacetoanotheratcertaintimesoftheyear.Theymigrate1.tofind(find)food，seekapartner，orinsearchofwarmerweather.Oneofthemostwonderfulmigrationsinnatureis2.thatoftheNorthAmericanmonarchbutterfly.Everyautumn，3.millions(million)ofthesebeautifulinsectswithfineblackandorangewingsbeginalonganddifficultjourney.However，until4.recently(recent)nooneknewhowtheydidthis.Ateamofscientists5.led(lead)byProfessorEliShlizermanattheUniversityofWashingtonhasfoundthatthemonarchisabletotellthetimeofdayandtomeasurethepositionofthesunby6.using(use)itseyes，sothatthemonarchmanagestoreachtheplaces7.whereitwillspendthewinter.Thesolutiontothemysteryofthemonarch’s8.amazing(amaze)abilitycomesatatimewhenitisinserioustrouble.Itspopulation9.hascrashed(crash)byasmuchas90percentinthelastfewyearsbecauseofhumanactivity.Theresearchonthemonarch’sbehaviourhashoweverledto10.agreaterawarenessofthiscreature.Peoplehavebeenworkingtogethertorecorditsmigrationandmakesurethatthereareenoughplantsforittofeedon.Step5解读——长句难句分析1．Thesetwopiecesofinformation—thetimeofdayandthepointwherethesunisinthesky—allowthebutterflytodeterminethewaytogo.[句式分析]此句是主从复合句，主语是Thesetwopiecesofinformation，谓语是allow，宾语是thebutterfly，宾补是todeterminethewaytogo，thetimeofdayandthepointwherethesunisinthesky是同位语，where引导定语从句，修饰thepoint。[自主翻译]这两条信息——一天中的时刻和太阳在天空中的位置——让黑脉金斑蝶能够判定前进方向。2．Theycutdowntreesandusechemicalsthatkilltheplantsthatmonarchcaterpillarseat.[句式分析]此句是主从复合句，该句有两个that引导的定语从句；第一个that相当于which，在定语从句中作主语；第二个that相当于which，还可以省去，在从句中作宾语。[自主翻译]他们砍伐树木，他们所用的化学制剂杀死了黑脉金斑蝶幼虫食用的植物。3．Peoplehavebeenworkingtogethertorecorditsmigrationandmakesurethatthereareenoughplantsforittofeedon.[句式分析]此句是主从复合句，主句用了现在完成进行时态，that引导宾语从句。[自主翻译]人们已经在共同努力，记录它的迁徙，并确保它有足够的食物。4．Themoreweknowaboutthislovelycreature，thegreaterthechanceitwillsurviveandkeepitsplaceinthenaturalworldforalongtimetocome.[句式分析]该句式结构为“the＋比较级．..，the＋比较级．..”意为“越……就越……”；前面为从句部分，后面为主句部分；该句主句部分为省略句，itwillsurviveandkeepitsplaceinthenaturalworldforalongtimetocome作主语thechance的同位语。[自主翻译]我们对这个可爱的生物了解越多，它们在自然界中得以长久生存并保持其地位的可能性就越大。Ⅰ.阅读理解ACOOLCOLDSPORTSTheWinterOlympicGamesarenotjustachanceforathletestowinmedalsandhonourfortheircountries.Everyfouryears，theGamesalsohelpaudiencetogettoknowmoreaboutwintersportsfromaroundtheworld.TheWinterOlympicsmaynothavethelargecrowdsandhugestarsofitsSummerGames，buttheysharethesameOlympicspirit.SkiingOneofthemostpopularsportsoftheWinterOlympicGamesisskiing.Skierscompeteinthedownhillandslalom(回转赛)，andintheshortandlongcross­countryskiraces.Skiingwasoriginally(最初)asportplayedonlyincoldnortherncountries，butnowathletesfromallovertheworldcompeteinthissport，eventhosefromcountrieswithoutanysnow!SkatingSkaterscompetewitheachotherinspeedracesorinfigure­skating(花样滑冰)events.Thefigure­skatersaregenerallyconsideredtobethestarsoftheWinterOlympicGames.Theseiceprincesandprincessesaresogracefulthatit’seasytoforgetthattheyareactuallyhighlyskilledathletes.Skeleton(俯式冰橇)TheskeletonisoneofthestrangestnamedsportsoftheOlympics.Theskeletonisnamedaftertheshapeofthemetalsleds(雪橇)usedinthe1890s，whenthesportfirststarted.Theskeletonisadownhillsledrace，usuallyonice.Intheskeleton，apersonliesonhisorherstomachonthesled，withhisorherheadpointingdownhill!语篇解读本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了三种冬季运动项目，分别是滑雪、溜冰以及俯式冰橇。1．WhydoesthewritermentiontheSummerGames?A．Tomakeacomparisononsize.B．TosharetherealOlympicspirit.C．Tohelpaudiencelearnmoreaboutsports.D．TointroducetheOlympicGamescompletely.答案A解析推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句可知，夏季奥运会参与人员比冬季奥运会多得多，所以作者提到夏季奥运会是为了对比两者的规模。故选A项。2．Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthefigure­skaters?A．Gracefulandhighlyskilled.B．Confidentandattractive.C．Amazingandresponsible.D．Seniorandhonorable.答案A解析细节理解题。根据第三段的“Theseiceprincesandprincessesaresogracefulthatit’seasytoforgetthattheyareactuallyhighlyskilledathletes.”可知，花样滑冰运动员不仅动作优雅，而且技术高超。故选A项。3．Whatdothethreesportshaveincommonaccordingtothepassage?A．Theyallincludedownhillraces.B．Allthethreearenewly­developed.C．TheyarealltypicalgamesofWinterOlympics.D．Alltheathletescomefromicynortherncountries.答案C解析推理判断题。根据第二段的“OneofthemostpopularsportsoftheWinterOlympicGamesisskiing.”和第三段的“Thefigure­skatersaregenerallyconsideredtobethestarsoftheWinterOlympicGames.”以及第四段的“TheskeletonisoneofthestrangestnamedsportsoftheOlympics.”可知，这三种运动都是冬季奥运会的经典项目。故选C项。B(2022·河南信阳高一期中)Takeyourdogforameal.Atmorerestaurantsincludingsomeofthemostfashionableones，diningwithanimalsisnowpartoftheevening’smenu.WhenlocalsinKeyWest，goouttodinner，apopularplaceisanopen­airrestaurant.Onenteringtherestaurant，they’lllikelyseeacatnexttoasignthatsays“PettheCat，$1.”Fortheownersoftherestaurant，servinghumanguestsalongsidetheirpetsisano­brainer.Sincetheyopenedtherestaurant，they’vehadafriendlyruletowardspets，theonethatallowspetsintotherestaurantinagivenweek.Americansmoreandmoredependonrestaurants(theyeat4.2mealsouteachweek)，it’sonlynaturalthatthefamilypetisfinallygettingintotheact.Enter“pet­friendlyrestaurants”intoanInternetsearchengineandmanyrestaurantscomeout.Whydorestaurantscourtpets?“Dogsneversendtheirfoodback，”jokesoneowner.Thetrend(趋势)doesn’tonlybelongtocommonplaces.Manyhigh­rankrestaurantsalsohavefollowedthetrend.Andtherearesomecooksmakingaspecialefforttotreatthosewithfourlegs.LorieAnn，co­ownerandcookatarestaurantnamedFishWagoninCalif.，specializinginGermanandFrenchfood，servesafreehome­made“doggieburger”andafew“doggiecookies”tonon­humanguests.Evenasmorerestaurantsseektodrawpetowners，theyarestilltheexception.Mostlocalhealthrulesmakeitclearthatpetsshouldbepreventedfromrestaurantsandsuggestthattheybekeptoutofopen­airareas.Still，manyofficialsdon’tpayattentiontotherulesandallowpetstositoutsidewiththeirowners.Tomakepetownersconvenientwithintherules，somerestaurantsallowpetstositwiththeirownersonlywhentheanimalsare“parked”justoutsidethedesignated(指定的)diningarea.语篇导读本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了随着美国人外出就餐更加频繁，许多餐厅为吸引顾客允许顾客带宠物就餐。4．Whydoesitbecomepartoftheevening’smenutotakepetsforamealnaturallyinAmerica?A．Manyrestaurantsaimtopleasenon­humanguests.B．Peoplehavemealsoutmoreoftenthaneverbefore.C．Petownerswanttogivetheirpetsbetterthingstoeat.D．Moreandmorerestaurantshavefriendlyrulesforpets.答案B解析细节理解题。根据第四段第一句可知，美国人平均每周超过四顿饭在外面吃，所以很自然地他们会带上家里的宠物，由此可知，与动物共进晚餐已成为菜单的一部分是因为人们外出就餐的次数比以往任何时候都多。故选B。5．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“court”meaninparagraph5?A．Trytoclean. B．Trytostop.C．Trytoplease. D．Trytointroduce.答案C解析词义猜测题。根据第六段第三、四句可知，餐厅为了吸引顾客采取各种方式来照顾好这些动物，由此可知，court与C选项“Trytoplease”意思相近。故选C。6．Whatcanbeinferredfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A．Restaurantspleaseownersinordertobringmoredogs.B．Restaurantsgivemorespecialservicetopetsthanhumans.C．Healthrulesdon’thaveanyinfluenceondiningoutwithpets.D．Restaurantstrytobalancebetweentherulesandguests’need.答案D解析推理判断题。根据最后两段中提到的一些餐厅的做法可知，一些餐馆为了生意，尽量提供方便。由此可推断出，餐厅努力在规则和客人需求之间取得平衡。故选D。7．Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．PetMealsB．PettingCatsinRestaurantsC．PetOwnersD．DiningOutwithYourPets答案D解析标题归纳题。根据第一段内容以及下文的详细介绍可知，文章主要阐述带宠物出去吃饭越来越常见，一些餐馆为了吸引更多的顾客，也努力去照顾好宠物。D选项“DiningOutwithYourPets”能够概括文章内容，适合作文章标题。故选D。C(2022·福建漳州高一期末)QiuShiandhercolleaguesoftenpatrol(巡逻)inthemountains，withonlybreadandsausagestoeat.Theyaremembersofthefirstall­womanpatrolteamintheNortheastChinaTigerandLeopardNationalPark，HeilongjiangProvince，whichwasestablishedin2019tohelpwithwildlifeprotectionandprovideemploymentforlocalwomen.Qiu,36，istheoldestofthesixguards.TheyareinchargeofprotectingSiberiantigersandotherwildlifeinthereserve.Eachpatroltheyconductinthemountainsrequirestensofthousandsofsteps.Insummer，theirclothesarecompletelywetfromsweat.BaiXueusedtohavefairskin，butafterafewmonthsofpatrolling，shedevelopedatan(棕褐色皮肤)．Removingtrapssetbypoachers(偷猎者)isoneoftheirmostimportanttasks.Atfirst，theteamwasn’tabletodestroythetraps，butitbecameeasierwithmorepractice，althoughtheirhandsarenowcallused(长茧)fromtheheavywork.Theteamhascollectedagreatdealofinformationaboutthemountainenvironmentinwhichtheyoperate.“Weseehumanfootprints，butalsoanimaltrackswhichcantellusaboutthewildlifepopulationinacertainareaandtheirmainrangeofactivity，”Qiusaid，addingthatthemostexcitingthingaboutpatrollingthemountainsischeckingthecamerasmonitoringanimals’movements.EverytimeseeinganimageofaSiberiantigersleepingorwanderingabout，theyareexcited.It’slikefindingtreasure.Andtheimagescollectedbytheteamsuggestthatthewildlifepopulationsareincreasing.ThedatawillbeprovidedtoexpertstostudythemigrationpatternsofSiberiantigersandotheranimals.Duringpatrols，theyalsorescueinjuredanimalswherevertheyfindthem.Theworkishardandthedaysarelong，buttheyintendtocontinue，determinedtoprotectthewildlifeofthisimportantnaturalhabitat.语篇导读这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了黑龙江省东北虎豹国家公园第一支全女性巡逻队及巡逻队的工作内容。8．Whatcanweknowaboutthepatrolteam?A．Itwassetupmainlytoofferlocalwomenjobs.B．Clearingtrapsistheirmostdifficulttask.C．Theirworkhelpswiththewildlifestudy.D．Theteammembersareanimaldoctors.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第一段第二句和第三段倒数二、三句可知，巡逻队旨在帮助保护野生动物，她们收集的数据将提供给研究西伯利亚虎和其他动物迁徙模式的专家，由此可知，巡逻队的工作有助于野生动物研究。故选C项。9．Whatcanbeinferredfromthetext?A．Thewildlifeisoutofdangernow.B．Eachpatrolistoughandchallenging.C．Animaltrackscantellthespeciesofwildlife.D．Takingpicturesofthewildlifeistheteam’sfavorite.答案B解析推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知，每一次巡逻都很不容易，且富有挑战性。故选B项。10．Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheteam?A．Braveandhonest.B．Adaptableandtalented.C．Determinedandhard­working.D．Responsibleandwell­educated.答案C解析推理判断题。根据第二段中对巡逻队工作的描述可知，巡逻队是辛勤的；根据最后一段内容可知，巡逻队决心保护自然栖息地的野生动物，无论工作多么辛苦。综上所述，巡逻队是有决心的和辛勤的。故选C项。11．What’sthemainideaofthepassage?A．Thewildlifepopulationisontheincrease.B．Theanimals’habitatisinneedofpreservation.C．Apatrolteamconductsaresearchinthemountains.D．Womenguardspatrolthemountainstoprotectthewildlife.答案D解析主旨大意题。通读全文并结合第一段可知，本文主要介绍了黑龙江省东北虎豹国家公园第一支全女性巡逻队及巡逻队的工作内容。故选D项。Ⅱ.七选五Sharkshavelivedintheworld’soceansformillionsofyears.Asharkhasanextremelygoodsenseofsmell.Itcanfindsmallamountsofsubstancesinthewater，suchasblood，bodyliquidsandchemicalsproducedbyanimals.Thesepowerfulsenseshelpthemfindtheirfood.1S