高中英语外研版必修第一册Unit 1　Period 4　Using language(1)：Grammar-Review：basic sentence structures

Period4Usinglanguage(1)：Grammar—Review：basicsentencestructures阅读以下短文，感知画线的句子，并把句子序号写在下面方框中相应的句子结构后面Settinggoalsisthefirststepinachievingthem.(1)Thetipsbelowmayhelpyou.Setgoalsthatcanbeachieved.Don’tpushyourselftoachievemorethanwhatispossible.Instead，youshouldsetgoalsbasedonyourabilitiesandskills.Breakbiggoalsdownintosmallones.Whenyoudoso，(2)theywillseemeasiertoreach.Youwillbeproudofyourselfwhenyourealizeeachsmallgoal.(3)Thiswillalsogiveyoutheencouragementtoachieveyourlong-termgoal.Writeyourgoalsonpaper.Itisagoodideatoputyourgoalswhereyoucanseethem.(4)Youcanplacethelistonyourbedsidetable.Oryoucanstickitonyourbedroomwall.Thiswillremindyouofwhatyouareworkingforandkeepyoufocused.Afteryousetagoal，itisimportanttosticktoitandworkhardtowardsit.(5)Youmayfindachievinggoalsdifficult.But(6)youshouldnotgiveup.Instead，staypositiveandconfident.(7)Youwillsucceedintheend.(8)Therewillbemanychancesforyouinthefuture.主语＋谓语(S＋V)(6)主语＋系动词＋表语(S＋V＋P)(2)主语＋谓语＋宾语(S＋V＋O)(1)主语＋谓语＋间接宾语＋直接宾语(S＋V＋IO＋DO)(3)主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语(S＋V＋O＋C)(5)therebe句式(Therebe...)(8)主语＋谓语＋状语(S＋V＋A)(7)主语＋谓语＋宾语＋状语(S＋V＋O＋A)(4)一、句子成分构成句子的各个部分叫作句子成分。句子成分包括主语、谓语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语等。二、基本句子结构句子成分构成了英语中各种各样的句子，其实英语中最基本的句式只有八种，其他各种句式都由这八种基本句式演变而来。八种基本句式如下：1．主语＋谓语(S＋V)这种简单句的谓语部分是不及物动词，意义很完整。这种句子没有被动语态。Theexchangestudentsareregistering.这些交换生正在登记。Weallbreathe，drinkandeat.我们都要呼吸、喝水和吃饭。2．主语＋谓语＋宾语(S＋V＋O)这种简单句的谓语部分是及物动词，有些不及物动词后加上介词也可看成一个及物动词。Thestudentsaredoinganexperiment.学生们正在做实验。Sheusuallyputsoffcarryingoutherpromise.她经常拖延履行她的诺言。Youmustlistentome.你必须听我的。3．主语＋系动词＋表语(S＋V＋P)这种简单句表示主语的性质、状态、身份等。HebecameateacherofEnglish.他成了一名英语教师。Mybrothersareallcollegestudents.我的弟弟们都是大学生。Shelookedalittleannoyed.她看上去有点生气。[温馨提示]英语中常见的系动词有：be动词、感官类动词(look，smell，taste，feel，sound等)、表变化类动词(get，become，turn，go，grow，come等)、表保持类动词(keep，stay，remain等)；可充当表语的形式有：形容词、副词、名词、介词短语、不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)、过去/现在分词和从句等。4．主语＋谓语＋间接宾语＋直接宾语(直接宾语和间接宾语叫作双宾语)(S＋V＋IO＋DO)Mysistertoldmealongstory.＝Mysistertoldalongstorytome.我的姐姐给我讲了一个很长的故事。Inmyview，theprofessorgaveusanexcitinglecture.＝Inmyview，theprofessorgaveanexcitinglecturetous.在我看来，教授给我们做了一场激动人心的讲座。[温馨提示]双宾语由直接宾语和间接宾语组成。直接宾语是谓语动词的承受者，间接宾语表示谓语动作的方向(对谁做)或动作的目标(为谁做)，间接宾语紧接在谓语动词后，但它不能单独存在，它和直接宾语组成双宾语。双宾语的常见结构：(1)bring/give/hand/lend/pass/sell/show/take/teach/tell/write/offer/paysbsth＝bring/give/hand/lend/pass/sell/show/take/teach/tell/write/offer/paysthtosb(2)buy/makesbsth＝buy/makesthforsb5．主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾补(宾语和宾补统称为复合宾语)(S＋V＋O＋C)WeallcallthebabySara.我们都叫这个婴儿萨拉。Ifoundhisdesignveryimpressive.我发现他的设计让人印象很深刻。Ifoundmyselfinastrangeplace.我发现自己在一个陌生的地方。Theguideshowedallthevisitorsin.导游把所有的游客都带了进来。[温馨提示]宾补用来补充说明宾语的身份、地位或所处的状态。可作宾补的有：名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、现在分词、过去分词等。平时常见常考的宾补结构有：(1)ask，want，like，allow，advise，teach，persuade等＋宾语＋todo作宾补；(2)感官动词：see，watch，notice，observe，feel，hear等＋宾语＋省略to的不定式/现在分词/过去分词作宾补；(3)使役动词：let＋宾语＋省略to的不定式作宾补；make＋宾语＋省略to的不定式/过去分词作宾补；have＋宾语＋省略to的不定式/现在分词/过去分词作宾补。注意：上述加省略to的不定式作宾补的动词如果变成被动语态，省掉的to要加上。Shekeptuswaitingforheranswerforoveraweek.她让我们等她的回音等了一个多星期。IoftenhearhersingaGermansonginherlovelyvoice.＝SheisoftenheardbymetosingaGermansonginherlovelyvoice.我时常听到她用迷人的声音唱一首德语歌曲。Iwillhaveallmyclotheswashedthisafternoon.今天下午我将把我所有的衣服都洗完。6．主语＋谓语＋状语(S＋V＋A)MyparentsliveinBeijing.我的父母住在北京。Theyareplayinghappilyoverthere.他们正在那边玩得很开心。Seeingthecat，themouseranoff.见到猫，老鼠就跑了。7．主语＋谓语＋宾语＋状语(S＋V＋O＋A)Hereachedthestationfinally，onlytobetoldthetrainhadleft.他最后到了车站，结果被告知火车已经开走了。Followedbyagroupoffans，theauthorenteredtheofficeroom.作家在一群粉丝的簇拥下走进了办公室。Althoughhehadatightschedule，hestillhelpedhisfatherpickapplesonthefarm.尽管他的日程很紧，但是依然在农场帮助爸爸摘苹果。[温馨提示]状语用来修饰动词、形容词或整个句子，分为时间、地点、方式、比较、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步状语。介词短语、副词(短语)、不定式、现在分词、过去分词和从句都可充当状语；状语通常位于句末，也可位于句首和句中。8．therebe...句型Therearen’tmanybooksontheshelf.书架上没有多少书。Thereisapiano，achair，twodesks，andabedintheroom.房间里有一架钢琴、一把椅子、两张桌子和一张床。[温馨提示]在therebe句型中，be动词的单复数与其后最靠近的名词的单复数保持一致，即遵循就近原则。完成下列语段，尽可能多地使用简单句(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ，读后续写)制作爆米花似乎比他们想的要难得多。他们发现挣钱不容易。他们告诉Bernard不要担心。生活中总有些困难要去面对。最终，他们成功了，他们紧紧地相互拥抱，难以抑制内心的激动。他们尽情地笑着，眼里涌动着喜悦的泪水。Makingpopcorn1.seemedmuchmoredifficultthantheyhadthought.Theyfounditnoteasy2.toearnmoney.They3.toldBernardnottoworry.4.Therewerealwayssomedifficultiestofaceinlife.Finally,5.theysucceededand6.theyhuggedeachothertightly.Theyfoundithard7.tocontaintheirinnerexcitement.8.Theylaughedheartilyandtearsofjoywelledupintheireyes.Ⅰ.写出下列句子中黑体部分所作的成分1．Themanagermadethemworkdayandnight.2．Alotofgreenlandshavebeenopenedtothepublic.3．Thebestmethodofkeepingslimistodoexerciseregularly.4．Yoursuccesswilllargelydependuponwhatyoudoandhowyoudoit.5．Itwasabeautifulmorning.6．Iwillorderyouanewdictionaryforyourbirthday.7．Wehavedecidedtopainttheroompink.8．Thatshewasadmittedintoakeyuniversitygreatlycomfortedherparents.9．Iamverypleasedtoseeyou.10．MrWangwillgiveusatalkaboutlearningefficiently.答案1.宾补2.谓语3.表语4.宾语5.定语6．直接宾语7.宾补8.主语9.状语10.间接宾语Ⅱ.单句写作1．国庆节快要到了。(主语＋谓语)NationalDayiscoming.2．我们尚未决定什么时候再讨论这个问题。(主语＋谓语＋宾语)Wehaven’tdecidedwhentodiscusstheproblemagain.3．奶奶昨晚送给我一个非常漂亮的布娃娃。(主语＋谓语＋间接宾语＋直接宾语)Grannygavemeaverybeautifuldolllastnight.4．现在这种活动在高中变得很受欢迎。(主语＋系动词＋表语)Nowadaysthisactivityisbecomingverypopularinseniorhighschool.5．每天早上我们都能听到他大声朗读英语。(主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语)EverymorningwecanhearhimreadEnglishaloud.6．过去十年里，我的家乡发生了巨大变化。(主语＋谓语＋状语)Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinmyhometowninthepasttenyears.7．这个周末汤姆不打算去看电影。(主语＋谓语＋宾语＋状语)Tomisnotgoingtoseethefilmthisweekend.8．山顶上有一棵古树。(Therebe...)Thereisanoldtreeonthetopofthemountain.Ⅲ.阅读下面短文，分析并写出画线部分的句子结构1．Myparentslovemeverymuch.However，theylikemakingalmostalldecisionsforme.Theychooseschoolsandsubjectsforme.Sometimeseventhedailytimetableshavetobedecidedbythem.Inmyopinion,2.decidingeverythingforchildrendoesnothelpthembutharmstheminmanyways.Firstly,3.itwillmakechildrenlessconfident,4.whichisuselesstotheirdevelopment.Secondly，inmanycasesparentsdon’tcareaboutchildren’spersonalideasandinterests,5.whichwillinfluencetheirgrowthgreatly.Asaresult,6.alotofchildrenarecomplaining！Idobelievetogrowtobeindependentisanaturalwayforeverybody.7.Parentsshouldgiveuschancestomakeourdecisions.Theymayhelpusmakechoicesinsteadofreplacingustomakechoices.Afterall,8.therearealotofthingsforustoexplorebyourselves.答案1.主语＋谓语＋宾语2.主语＋谓语＋宾语＋状语3.主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语4.主语＋系动词＋表语5.主语＋谓语＋宾语＋状语6.主语＋谓语7.主语＋谓语＋间接宾语＋直接宾语8.therebe句型Ⅳ.阅读理解Afterenteringhighschool，youmayfindtherearemanyclubsatyourschool.Youmaythinkyou’retoobusytojoinone.Butasaformerhighschoolstudent，Icantellyoujoiningaschoolclubcangreatlyprofityou.Youroldfriendsmayhaveleftyouafterenteringhighschool.Anditmeansyouneedtomeetnewpeople.Joiningacluballowsyoutotalkwithothersandfindthosewhohavesimilarinterestsasyou.Basedonmyexperience，Ihavemetsomeofmybestfriendsfromclubactivities，whichopenedupmanynewdoorsforme.Anotherreallynicethingaboutjoiningaclubisthatitlooksreallygoodoncollegeapplications(申请书)．Tryingnewthingsissomethingthatlooksreallygoodonanyapplication.Outgoingisconsideredaverygoodqualitywhichshowsthatyouaredeterminedandreadytoputyourselfoutthereandbestofalltrynewthings.What’smore，itcanhelpyoudevelopskillsthatcanserveyouduringfuturecollegeinterviews.Besides，joiningaclubcanmakestudentsusetheirfreetimewisely.Mostteensgotoschools，thengobackhomeandspendtherestofthedayinfrontofascreen.Teensarealsoverylikelytofallintothewrongcrowd，whichcouldleadtosomebadresults.Clubsaregoodplacestospendtimewithgoodpeopletofallbackon.Themostimportantreasonwhyyoushouldjoinaclubisthelong-termbenefits(益处)itbrings.Theclassroomisn’ttheonlylearningenvironmentinaschool.Theskillsyoulearninclubsarenecessaryonesthatcanbeusedineverydaylife，whichIthinkisthefinalgoalofjoiningaclub.Thingssuchasmeetingandspeakingtonewpeople，makingthemostoftime，andbeingorganizedarethoseyouwillmeeteverysingledayofyourlife，butyoucanlearnalloftheminclubs.Soifyouhaven’tjoinedaschoolclubyet，youknowwhatyoushoulddonow.语篇解读这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了对于一名刚进入高中的学生，学校有很多社团可以参加，加入学校社团对高中生活和学习有很大的好处。1．Whichofthefollowingcanbestreplacetheunderlinedword“profit”inparagraph1?A．Cheerup. B．Goagainst.C．Makeuseof. D．Begoodfor.答案D解析词义猜测题。根据文章第一段的第二句和第三句的“But”可知，此处为转折，表明参加社团是有好处的。由此推知，“profit”一词的意思是“对……有好处”。故选D。2．Whatdocollegesthinkhighlyofaccordingtothetext?A．Thenumberofclubsyouhavejoined.B．Thestrongrelationshipsyouhavebuilt.C．Thebrightpersonalityyouhavedeveloped.D．Thesimilarinterestsyousharewithotherstudents.答案C解析推理判断题。根据文章第三段中的第一句和第三句可知，参加社团在申请大学时看起来很不错。外向是一种好品质，这表明你有决心，准备好让自己出现在那儿(去做某事)，最好的是你愿意尝试新事物。因此可知，大学高度重视你所培养出的开朗的个性。故选C。3．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．WhyShouldYouJoinaClub?B．WhatClubShouldYouJoin?C．HowCanYouJoinaClubYouLike?D．ShouldYouJoinaSecondClub?答案A解析标题归纳题。根据第一段的最后一句可知，加入社团非常有好处。再结合下文讲到加入社团可以结交新朋友，对申请大学有好处，可以理智地利用业余时间等好处，可知本文主要讨论了为什么要加入学校社团。故选A。4．Inwhichsectionofamagazinemaythistextappear?A．Health. B．Schoollife.C．Culture. D．Socialwork.答案B解析文章出处题。文章主要介绍了对于一名刚进入高中的学生，学校有很多社团可以参加，加入学校社团对高中生活和学习有很大的好处。尤其根据文章第一段的第二、三句可知，这篇文章可能会出现在杂志的学校生活部分。故选B。Ⅴ.完形填空Ayoungmancameacrosshisoldteacher.“Ibecameateacherbecauseyouinspired(激励)metobelikeyou，”saidtheyoungmanandtoldhimthefollowingstory：Oneday，afriendofmine1theclassroomwithanicenewwatch.IloveditsomuchthatI2itfromhim.Assoonasmyfriend3hehadlosthiswatch，hereportedit4toourteacher，whowasyou.Youwenttotheclass，“Thisstudent’swatchwasmissingduringclassestoday.Whoeverhastakenitshould5thewatch.”Atthattime，Iwas6toraisemyhand.Thenyoushutthedoorandtoldusalltogetupandbeganto7ourpocketsonebyone.Butyou8ustocloseoureyes.Youwentfrompockettopocket，andwhenmy9came，youfoundthewatchandtookit.You10searchingeveryone’spocketsuntilyoufinished，youaskedustoopenoureyes.Itwasthemost11dayofmylife.Butthiswasalsothedaymy12wassaved.Younever13anythingabouttheincidentlater，norevengavemearightorwronglesson，butIreceivedyour14clearly.Iunderstoodwhatarealeducatorneedstodo.Ifaneducatormustmakestudentslosethe15ofotherpeople，hedoesn’tknowhowtoteach.语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一位青年遇到了曾经教过自己的老师，向老师讲了一件上学时期发生的事，这件事使青年受到了教育，受这位老师的影响，青年现在也成了一名教师。1．A.watched B．cleanedC．entered D．designed答案C解析根据下文“...theclassroomwithanicenewwatch.Iloveditsomuch”可推知，此处指青年在教室中看到朋友戴着漂亮的新手表走进了教室。故选C。2．A.borrowed B．stoleC．learned D．heard答案B解析根据上文“Iloveditsomuch”以及下文“hehadlosthiswatch”可推知，此处指青年十分喜欢朋友的手表，所以偷走了它。故选B。3．A.imagined B．fearedC．realized D．regretted答案C解析根据下文“hehadlosthiswatch，hereportedittoourteacher”可推知，此处指青年的朋友发现自己的手表丢了，于是告诉了老师。故选C。4．A.immediately B．obviouslyC．possibly D．actually答案A解析根据上文“Assoonasmyfriendhehadlosthiswatch，hereportedit”可推知，此处指青年的朋友一发现自己的手表丢了，就立即告诉了老师。故选A。5．A.handout B．putawayC．turndown D．giveback答案D解析handout分发；putaway收好；turndown拒绝(请求)；giveback归还。根据上文“Whoeverhastakeritshould”及常识可推知，此处指老师要求拿走手表的学生归还手表。故选D。6．A.forced B．annoyedC．amazed D．frightened答案D解析结合语境可知，此处指青年偷了朋友的手表且听到老师的话，十分害怕，吓得不敢举手。故选D。7．A.fill B．searchC．exchange D．use答案B解析根据下文“Youwentfrompockettopocket”可推知，此处指老师挨个搜查学生的口袋。故选B。8．A.encouraged B．expectedC．allowed D．required答案D解析根据下文“youaskedustoopenoureyes”可推知，此处指老师在搜查时要求学生们都闭上眼睛。故选D。9．A.turn B．choiceC．chance D．result答案A解析根据上文“Youwentfrompockettopocket”以及“youfoundthewatchandtookit”可推知，此处指老师挨个搜查，轮到了这个青年，在他口袋里找到了手表。故选A。10．A.considered B．continuedC．started D．stopped答案B解析根据上文“whenmycame，youfoundthewatchandtookit”以及下文“searchingeveryone’spocketsuntilyoufinished”可推知，此处指老师找到了表后还继续搜查学生们的口袋，直到搜完全部学生的口袋。故选B。11．A.interesting B．confusingC．shameful D．dangerous答案C解析根据上文“whenmycame，youfoundthewatchandtookit”可推知，此处指青年偷朋友的手表被老师发现了，所以他认为非常丢脸。故选C。12．A.goal B．faceC．business D．dream答案B解析根据上文“Yousearchingeveryone’spocketsuntilyoufinished，youaskedustoopenoureyes.”可推知，此处指青年的老师虽然知道了是他偷的手表，但还是继续搜查学生们的口袋，是为了让学生不知道到底是谁偷的，保全了青年的面子。故选B。13．A.mentioned B．describedC．organized D．explored答案A解析根据下文“anythingabouttheincidentlater，norevengavemearightorwronglesson”可推知，此处指老师后来从未提过青年偷手表这件事，也没有给他正确或错误的教训。故选A。14．A.reason B．excuseC．report D．message答案D解析根据下文“Iunderstoodwhatarealeducatorneedstodo.”可推知，此处指虽然老师后来从未提及此事，但是青年通过这件事清楚地接收到了老师的信息，理解了老师的意图，明白了一位真正的教育者需要做什么。故选D。15．A.admiration B．impressionC．trust D．support答案C解析结合语境并根据下文“hedoesn’tknowhowtoteach”可推知，此处指在偷手表事件中，老师恰当的处理方式让青年受益匪浅，他也明白了教育者必须让学生得到其他人的信任。故选C。Ⅵ.语法填空Mississippiprimaryschoolstudentsarealwaysgivenaspecialback-to-schoolwelcomeontheirfirstday.Lastyearagroupofabout20fathers1.(welcome)thechildreninfrontoftheschoolgateofBarackH．ObamaMagnetElementaryinJackson，Mississippi.Theparentshavemadeahuman“tunnel”(隧道)forkidsontheirfirstdayfor2.pastfewyears，accordingtoParent-TeacherAssociationpresidentRashadWilliams.“Theideabehindit3.(be)thattheywantthekidstoknowtheir