2021届河北省高三上学期10月联考英语试题解析版

2021～2021学年河北省高三年级上学期10月联考英语考生注意：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2.答复选择题时，选出每题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号答复非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一局部听力〔共两节，总分值30分〕做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节〔共5小题；每题分，总分值分〕听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最正确选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来答复有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.Whatistheweatherlikenow?A.It’ssunny.B.It’srainy.C.It’scloudy.2.Whowontherace?A.KyleNash.B.MichaelRobinson.C.ChrisScott.3.Whenwillthemangotothelibrary?A.OnSaturday.B.OnSunday.C.OnMonday.4.Howmanymembersarethereintheman’slabnow?A.Two.B.Five.C.Seven.5.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Classmates.B.Motherandson.C.Colleagues.第二节〔共15小题；每题分，总分值分〕听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最正确选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，答复第6、7题。6.Whatisthemanlookingfor?A.Amodernhotel.B.Acomfortablehotel.C.Aninexpensivehotel.7.Wheredoestheconversationmostlikelytakeplace?A.Inrestaurant.B.Inahotel.C.Inastreet.听第7段材料，答复第8、9题。8.Howdidthewomangettheskirt?A.Sheboughtit.B.Shemadeitbyherself.C.Herparentsgaveittoher.9.Wheredidthewomangetthecloth?A.Insmallclothstore.B.InBaijiaSupermarket.C.InHongtuDepartmentStore.听第8段材料，答复第10至12题。10.WhydoesTonyhavetogotohisparents’?A.Tohaveavocation.B.Tohelpthembuildhouse.C.Totakethemtotheparty.11.Whatisthewomangoingtoweartotheparty?A.Worksuit.B.Formaldress.C.Casualclothes.12.Whatwillthewomanbring?A.Asidedish.B.Abottleofwine.C.Somesoftdrinks.听第9段材料，答复第13至16题。13.Whichcityisthemaninnow?A.NewYork.B.Boston.C.LosAngeles.14.Whatcoloristheman’scoat?A.White.B.Darkgrey.C.Black.15.Howmanypocketsarethereintheman’scoat?A.None.B.One.C.Two.16.Whatdoesthewomando?A.Awaitressinahotel.B.workeratLost&.Found.C.Asaleswomaninashop听第10段材料，答复第17至20题。17.Whatisthespeaker’sfather’sjob?A.Awaiter.B.Achef.C.Arestaurantowner.18.HowmanytimesdidthespeakerattendtheHealthyLunchtimeChallenge?A.Once.B.Twice.C.Threetimes.19.Howoldmaythespeakerbe?A.Eightyearsold.B.Tenyearsold.C.Twelveyearsold.20.WhatdidthespeakerdolastFriday?A.HevisitedtheWhiteHouse.B.Hetookpartinacookingcontest.C.Hegaveaspeechonhealthyeating.第二局部阅读〔共两节，总分值50分〕第一节〔共15小题；每题分，总分值分〕阅读以下短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最正确选项。AHerearesomelibrariesinShandongprovince.Havealookandvisittheminyoursparetime.ShandongProvincialLibraryShandongProvincialLibrary,wellknownforitslonghistoryandluxuriouscollections,isoneofthetop10librariesinChina.Thelibraryholds6.12millionvolumes.Ithas44servicestations,withanaveragedailyreceptionof5,000visitors.ItalsoexchangesdocumentsandliteratureworkswithJapan,theUnitedStatesandtheUnitedKingdomatirregularintervals.OpeningHours:8:30am-7:00pm,closedeveryMondayafternoon(exceptfornationalholidays)Add:2912,ErhuanEastRoad,Lichengdistrict(attheintersectionofHualongRoad)QingdaoLibraryQingdaoLibraryisaculturallandmarkinQingdao.Itisanintelligentandmodernlibrarywith100staffand1.23millionvolumes.Itconsistsofatotalof32hallsandrooms,aswellasnewly-developedlecturehalls,exhibitioncentersandelectronicreadingrooms,withmorethan1,900seats.Thelibraryremainsopeneveryday.OpeningHours:8:30am-5:30pmAdd:109YanjiRoad,Qingdao,EastChina'sShandongprovinceLijinLibraryLijinLibrarywasfoundedin1956andrebuiltin1993.Ithas56,000books,morethan1,000boundvolumesofnewspaper,5,000boundvolumesofjournals,120thread-bound〔线装的〕ancientChinesebooksandmorethanoneTBofdigitalbooks.Thelibraryhasthreeservicestations,receivingmorethan92,000visitorseveryyear.OpeningHours:FromMondaytoSunday8:00am-11:00am;2:00pm-5:00pmAdd:568Jin'erRoad,Lijincounty,Dongyingcity,EastChina'sShandongprovince1.WhatisspecialaboutShandongProvincialLibrary?A.ItranksthetenthinChina.B.ItkeepsopenfromMondaytoSunday.C.IthasthelargestbookcollectionsinChina.D.Itexchangesresourceswithsomeforeigncountries.2.HowlongdoesQingdaoLibraryrunperday?A.6hours. B.9hours. C.10hours. D.10hoursandahalf.3.WhatdoweknowaboutLijinLibrary?A.Itopensalldaylong.B.IthasmanyancientChinesebooks.C.Ithas100staffwiththreeservicestations.D.Ithasthemostvolumesofbooksamongthethree.【答案】1.D2.B3.B【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了山东省三座图书馆，包括各自的根本历史、藏书情况、开馆时间及地理位置。【1题详解】推理判断题。由山东省图书馆的内容，尤其是“ItalsoexchangesdocumentsandliteratureworkswithJapan,theUnitedStatesandtheUnitedKingdomatirregularintervals.〞可知，该图书馆不定期与日本、美国和英国交流文献和文学作品。而在另外两个图书馆都没有与国外交流资料，D项正确。A选项称山东省图书馆是中国排名第十的图书馆，而原文那么称它“isoneofthetop10librariesinChina〞〔是中国前十之一的图书馆〕，并没有显示具体名次，A项错误；B选项称从周一到周日营业，而原文称它“closedeveryMondayafternoon〞〔周一下午不营业〕，B项错误；C项称它有中国最大的馆藏，而原文只是说它馆藏奢侈〔luxurious〕，没说最大〔largest〕，C项错误。结合选项可知，应选D项。【2题详解】细节理解题。由青岛图书馆的内容，“OpeningHours:8:30am-5:30pm〞〔上午8:30至下午5:30开门〕可知，该图书馆的开业时长为9小时。应选B项。【3题详解】细节理解题。由利津县图书馆的内容，“Ithas56,000books,morethan1,000boundvolumesofnewspaper,5,000boundvolumesofjournals,120thread-bound〔线装的〕ancientChinesebooks〞〔拥有图书56000册，报纸精装1000多册，期刊精装5000册，中国古籍120册〕可知，该馆藏有多册中国古籍，B项正确；A项称它全天开放，而原文“OpeningHours:FromMondaytoSunday8:00am-11:00am;2:00pm-5:00pm〞〔开放时间:星期一至星期日上午8时至上午11时;下午2时至下午5时〕，并非全天开放，A项错误；C项中称它有三个效劳站和100名员工，而原文中那么只称“Thelibraryhasthreeservicestations〞〔该图书馆有三个效劳站〕，没有说员工的数量，因此C项错误；D项称它是三个图书馆中藏书最多的，而原文中“Ithas56,000books〞〔它藏有5万6千本书〕，而山东省图书馆，“Thelibraryholds6.12millionvolumes〞〔藏书为613万册〕，通过比拟可知，利津县图书馆不是图书最多的，D项错误。应选B项。【点睛】说明文主要包括事物说明文和事理说明文，说明文一般呈现出条理清晰、逻辑严谨的特点，说明文的语言要求准确、科学。了解了这些特点，我们还要知道阅读理解的题型一般包括：细节理解题、语义猜想题、主旨大意题、判断推理题等。本篇文章涉及比拟多的是细节理解提。细节类问题一般都能在原文中找到出处，只要仔细就可以在文中找到答案。但正确的选择项不可能与阅读材料的原文完全相同，而是用不同的语句成句型表达相同的意思。比方第1题中，原文中是“ItalsoexchangesdocumentsandliteratureworkswithJapan,theUnitedStatesandtheUnitedKingdomatirregularintervals.〞，而给的选项中是“Itexchangesresourceswithsomeforeigncountries.〞，表述不一样，但是意思一样，是正确答案。BLastweek,84-year-oldJanetFeinreceivedherbachelor'sdegreefromtheUniversityofTexasatDallas.Feinhashadafulllife.Shehasraisedfivechildrenandthenhadacareerasasecretaryuntilsheretiredatage77.Buteventhen,shewasnotreadytotakeiteasyandrest.Shesaidshedecidedtomajorinsociologybecauseshefeltitwasveryimportant.FeingrewupintheBronxareaofNewYorkCity.Shejustwantedtogetajobinhighschool.Aftergraduatingattheageof16,shewenttoworkasasecretary.Aftergettingmarried,shespent18yearsstayinghomewithherchildren.Sheheldseveraljobsthroughoutherlife,including20yearsasasecretaryatahospital.Shealsoworkedfor20yearsonearninganassociatedegree.ButFeinalsowantedtoearnabachelor'sdegree“withallofmyheart〞.Evenwithallofherlifeexperiences,shestillenjoyedreading,writingpapersandlearningnewthings.Healthexpertssaycontinuingwitheducationlaterinlifeisonewaytokeepfit.CarmelDyer,directoroftheUTHealthConsortiumonAgingatTheUniversityofTexasHealthScienceCenteratHouston,sayskeepingactiveandgivingyourselfsomethingtolookforwardto“isjustareallypositivemove〞。Feinkeptgoingtoclassevenasherhealthconditionsworsened.Duringherstudies,itbecamenecessaryforhertouseawalkertogetaroundandsherequiredoxygen.Shealsodevelopedkneeproblems.Therefore,Feintookonlineclassestofinishthelastpartofherdegreerequirements.HercollegeadvisorSheilaRollersonsaidFeinnevershowedsignsofgivingupevenwithallofherdifficulties.“Shejustkeptpluggingalong,"Rollersonsaid.4.WhatwasJanetFein'slastworkbeforesheretired?A.Ateacher.B.Asecretary.C.Anurse.D.Adoctor.5.WhatdidJanetFeinwanttodomostafterearninganassociatedegree?A.Getabachelor'sdegree.B.Keepfitbyexercises.C.Readallkindsofbooks.D.Findajobatthehospital.6.Whatcanbeinferredfromparagraph3?A.Lifeshouldbefullofadventures.B.Peopleshouldhavetheirownviews.C.Furtherstudybenefitstheold'shealth.D.Healthylifestyleisjusttokeepactive.7.WhatdoyouthinkofJanetFein?A.Honest.B.Determined.C.Generous.D.Kind.【答案】4.B5.A6.C7.B【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了一位84岁的老人实现了从大学毕业的人生目标的故事。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段Feinhashadafulllife.Shehasraisedfivechildrenandthenhadacareerasasecretaryuntilsheretiredatage77.〔Fein过着充实的生活。她养育了5个孩子，在77岁退休前一直从事秘书工作。〕可知，她在退休前是一名秘书。应选B。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段倒数第二句ButFeinalsowantedtoearnabachelor'sdegree“withallofmyheart〞.(但费恩也“全心全意〞地想要获得学士学位。)可知，获得副学士学位后，Fein最想要的是一个学士学位。应选A。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段尤其是第一句Healthexpertssaycontinuingwitheducationlaterinlifeisonewaytokeepfit.(健康专家说，晚年继续接受教育是保持健康的一种方法。)可知，继续学习有益于老年人的健康。应选C。7题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段最后两句HercollegeadvisorSheilaRollersonsaidFeinnevershowedsignsofgivingupevenwithallofherdifficulties.“Shejustkeptpluggingalong,"Rollersonsaid.(她的大学指导老师希拉·罗勒森说费恩从来没有表现出放弃的迹象，即使面对她所有的困难。罗勒森说:“她只是坚持不懈。〞)可知，JanetFein是一个意志坚决的人。应选B。CManyoftheworld’slargestbrewers(啤酒商)areusingnewtechnologiestoreplacesingle-use,plasticsix-packbeerringswithmoresustainablematerials.Thoughmostlybeingusedinsmalltesttrials,fulladoptioncouldhaveapositiveenvironmentalimpact.Carlsberg,forexample,isusinggluetoadherecansinaproductionmethodthattheDanishbrewersayswouldavoidusing1,200tonsofplasticyearly,ortheequalof60millionplasticbags,oncefullyadopted.Brewershavezeroedinonplasticsix-pack-ringpackagingpartlybecausemostconsumerscanrecallthemiserableimageofaseagull,turtle,orsomeotheraquatic(水生的)creaturetrappedorkilledbytheplasticrings.Thepackagingissodeep-rootedinourculturethatmanychildrenweretaughttocutuptheringstolessenthechancethatananimalmightchokeitselftodeath.TheringsdevelopedbyE6PR(EdibleSixPackRing)programme,whichisledbyanotherbrewerycalledSaltwater,arenowusedby35brewersacrosstheglobe,includinginAfrica,Europe,andAustralia.Theseringsaremadeofwastewheatinbeerproduction.Thefinalgoalistoensurethattheringscanbeeatenharmlesslybyaquaticcreaturesorbreakdowninnaturewithinamatterofweeksratherthantheyearsitwouldtakeforplastic.Givingupplasticstrawsandbeerringsmayhelpconsumersfeelbetterabouttheircarbonfootprint,butsomeexpertssayweshouldfocusonotherefforts.RecyclingratesintheU.S.standatjustover34%.Glass,inwhichmanybrewersbottletheirbeer,canbedifficulttorecycleandlargetotransport.Ifbrewersweretofocusonusingthinnerglass,someexpertssay,theimprovementcouldproveevenmorebeneficialtotheenvironmentthangivingupplasticrings.There’salsotheriskthatifconsumersthinktheirE6PRringsarelessharmful,they’llbemorelikelytolitter.“Theideaofcreatingsomethingthat’slitter-friendlyisanissueinmymind,〞saysNinaGoodrich,executivedirectorofenvironmentalnonprofitGreenBlue.“WhatweneedinNorthAmericaisabettersystemtoencouragecollectionandsorting.〞8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“adhere〞inparagraph1mean?A.Collect. B.Stick. C.Open. D.Reuse.9.Whywerechildrentaughttocutuptheplasticrings?A.Tocollecttheringsforrecycling.B.Tomaketheringsbreakdownmoreeasily.C.Topreventtheringsharmingaquaticanimals.D.Toincreasechildren’sawarenessoflovingnature.10.Whatdoestheauthorintendtotellusinparagraph4?A.LowrecyclingratesintheU.S.B.Benefitsofgivingupplasticbeerrings.C.Difficultyintransportingbeerglassbottles.D.Anotherwaytoprotecttheenvironment.11.What’stheriskoftheE6PRrings?A.Theywillbethrownawaymorecasually.B.Theywillnotbeacceptedbyconsumers.C.Theywillbemoredifficulttorecycle.D.Theywillbestillmadeofplastic.【答案】8.B9.C10.D11.A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。世界上许多大的啤酒商正在使用新技术来代替一次性塑料啤酒捆绑环，以减少对水生生物和环境的危害。【8题详解】词义猜想题。根据上文“isusingglueto…〞可知，这家丹麦啤酒制造商表示，一旦完全采用这种用胶水粘啤酒罐的生产方法，每年将防止使用1200吨塑料，相当于6000万个塑料袋。adhere的意思是“粘贴〞，与stick是同义词。应选B。【9题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“Brewers…Thepackagingissodeep-rootedinourculturethatmanychildrenweretaughttocutuptheringstolessenthechancethatananimalmightchokeitselftodeath.〞可知，酿酒商将注意力集中在六环塑料包装上，局部原因是大多数消费者能想起海鸥、海龟或其他水生生物被塑料环困住或杀死的悲惨形象。这种包装在我们的文化中是如此根深蒂固，以至于许多孩子被教导要把塑料环切碎，以减少动物窒息而死的时机。由此可知，我们的孩子被教导把塑料环切碎是为了阻止对水生生物的伤害。应选C。10题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句“Ifbrewersweretofocusonusingthinnerglass,someexpertssay,theimprovementcouldproveevenmorebeneficialtotheenvironmentthangivingupplasticrings.〞可知，如果啤酒厂专注于使用更薄的玻璃，这一改良将被证明比放弃塑料环对环境更有益。由此推断，作者在本段主要介绍了另一种保护环境的方法。应选D。【11题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“There’salsotheriskthatifconsumersthinktheirE6PRringsarelessharmful,they’llbemorelikelytolitter.〞可知，还有一个风险是，如果消费者认为他们的E6PR塑料环危害较小，他们就更有可能乱扔垃圾。由此可知，E6PR塑料环的风险在于它们会被更随意地丢弃。应选A。【点睛】一般定位关键词适用于解答细节理解题。通过定位关键词解题，考生在阅读题干时，把题干中有标记意义的词或词组标记出来，或者选项中的关键词，然后用这个词回到原文当中定位。如小题4题干中的theriskoftheE6PRrings，回到原文最后一段，可以帮助快速找出答案。DAstronautsontheInternationalSpaceStationwillsoontestanewovenformakingchocolatechipcookies.AspaceshipcarryingthecookingequipmentandothersupplieswaslaunchedonSaturdayfromtheWallopsFlightFacilityintheUnitedStates.Theshipment,weighing3,700kilograms,reachedthespacestationonMonday.Thegoalistoexplorethepossibilityofmakingfreshlybakedcookiesforspacetravelers.AmericancompanyNanoracksdesignedandbuilttheovenandhelpedwithorganizingtheflighttothespacestation.HiltonDoubleTreehotelssuppliedthecookiedough(生面团〕theastronautswilluse.Inthepast,spacestationcrewshavecreatedtheirownpizzasusingathin,flatpieceofbreadknownasflatbread.Astronautshavetriedothercreativewaystomakefood,suchascreatingsaladsfromvegetablesgrowninthespacestation.Resultshavebeenmixed.Thecookiebakingwillbeaslowprocess.Theovencanheatjustonecookieatatime.Thetestcouldtakeweeksbeforetheastronautshavechancetotryoutfreshlybakedcookies.Fiveunbakedcookieshavebeeninaspacestationfreezerforseveralweeks.Eachisinitsownindividualclearbagmadeoutofsilicone.Theovencanheatfoodstotemperaturesashighas177degreesCelsius.ThatistwicethetemperatureoftheU.S.andRussianfoodwarmersonthespacestation.Theovenuseselectricheatingelements.MaryMurphyiswithNanoracks.Murphysayssheexpectsabakingtimeof15to20minutesforeachcookiewhentheovenisheatedtoabout163degreesCelsius.Sheaddsthatthesmellofbakingcookiesshouldfillthespacestationeachtimeacookiecomesoutoftheoven.Theoven'sfirstusewillbetherealtest.Withouttheforceofgravity,theastronautsdonotknowexactlyhowthecookiewilllook.Threeofthespace-bakedcookiesaretobereturnedtoEarthfortesting.12.Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribethenewoventest?A.Time-consuming.B.Energy-saving.C.Meaningless.D.Successful.13.What'stheadvantageofthenewovenovertheRussianfoodwarmer?A.Itheatsupmuchfaster.B.It'smoreconvenienttouse.C.Ithasalargercookingspace.D.Itcanheatuptoahighertemperature.14.Whatwillmakethecookie'sappearanceinthenewovenuncertain?A.Thebakingtime.B.Theheatingmethod.C.Theabsenceofgravity.D.Thespeedoftemperaturerise.15.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.CookingEquipmentinSpaceStationB.CookiesComingfromtheInternationalSpaceStationC.CreativeWaysAstronautsMakeFoodinSpaceStationD.ANewOventoBeTestedtoMakeCookiesinSpaceStation【答案】12.A13.D14.C15.D【解析】本文是一篇说明文。一艘载有新烤箱和其他物资的宇宙飞船星期六从美国的瓦勒普斯飞行基地发射升空。国际空间站的字航员将很快测试这种可以制作巧克力曲奇饼的新烤箱。【12题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段Thecookiebakingwillbeaslowprocess.Theovencanheatjustonecookieatatime.Thetestcouldtakeweeksbeforetheastronautshavechancetotryoutfreshlybakedcookies.(烤饼干是一个缓慢的过程。烤箱一次只能加热一块饼干。测试可能需要数周时间，宇航员才有时机品尝新鲜出炉的饼干)和倒数第二段Murphysayssheexpectsabakingtimeof15to20minutesforeachcookiewhentheovenisheatedtoabout163degreesCelsius.(当烤箱加热到163摄氏度左右时，她希望每块饼干的烘焙时间为15到20分钟)根据烤箱每次烤饼干的时间和容量可知，新烤箱测试是比拟耗时的，应选A。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段Theovencanheatfoodstotemperaturesashighas177degreesCelsius.ThatistwicethetemperatureoftheU.S.andRussianfoodwarmersonthespacestation.(这个烤箱可以将食物加热到177摄氏度。这是美国和俄罗斯空间站上食物加热器温度的两倍)可知，新烤箱比俄国食物加热器加热的温度更高，应选D。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段Withouttheforceofgravity,theastronautsdonotknowexactlyhowthecookiewilllook.可知在太空没有重力，宇航员不知道饼干到底会烤成什么样子。即失重会导致饼干外观的不确定性，应选C。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段第一句AstronautsontheInternationalSpaceStationwillsoontestanewovenformakingchocolatechipcookies.可知，文章谈论的话题是国际空间站的宇航员们将很快测试一种制作巧克力曲奇饼的新烤箱。D项：ANewOventoBeTestedtoMakeCookiesinSpaceStation概括了文章内容，适合作为标题。应选D。第二节〔共5小题；每题分，总分值分〕阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最正确选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。TheTrickstoConquertheWorstDayofYourLifeWehaveallhadbaddays,andsomedaysfeelliketheworldisuponourshouldersandwejustcan'tbeartheweightofitanylonger.___16___Considerthesetrickswhensurvivingtheworstdayofyourlife.Blessorreflect.Whenyouhavetheworstdayofyourlife,turningtoblessingorreflectioncanconqueranybadmood._______17_______Othersliketospendtimewritinginjournalstoexpresstheirfeelings.Thepointofthequiettimeistoreleasethebadmoodofyourday.Reachouttoothers.Whenyouarefeelinglikeyourworldhasended,youneedtoreachouttoothersforhelp.Sometimesthismightmeanseekingprofessionalhelpifyouareinastateofdepression,oritmightsimplymeantalkingtoawell-trustedfriend.___18___Changeyourmentalstate.Sometimesitisjustamatterofturningthemintoactivethoughts.___19___Onceyouareabletodothat,youwillseethatitreallywasnottheworstdayeverafterall.___20___Taketheworstdayeverandsetgoalsforyourselftomakechangestowhateveryoucanthatwillturnthatdayintoagrowthexperiencethatmovesyouforwardratherthansetsyouback.Whatcouldyoudodifferentlyifthissituationmighthappenagain?Settinggoalsmakesyouforward.A.Setgoals.B.Loveyourself.C.Youwillseetherainbowsoonerorlater.D.Sometimesittakesachangeinyourmentalstatetoovercomeit.E.Therearewaystoconquerthosefeelingsandbreathefreshairagain.F.Whomeveryouchoosetoreachoutto,openupsothatitdoesn'tconqueryou.G.Somepeoplefeelreliefwhentheyfindaquietplaceandtimetoreflectontheday'sevents.【答案】16.E17.G18.F19.D20.A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了四种度过你生活中最糟糕的时光的方式。【详解】1.空格后意思是“当处在生活中最糟糕的一天时，可以考虑下这些技巧〞，而E项“有一些可以征服这些情感，再次呼吸到新鲜的空气的方法〞，句意上下衔接，且ways与tricks相照应，应选E。2.空后“另外一些人通过写日记来表达他们的感情〞与G项“一些人在找到一个安静的地方和时间来反思当天发生的事情时，会感到如释重负〞前后形成并列关系，介绍了不同的人反思的方法，且some与others对应，应选G。“Reachouttoothers走出去向别人求助〞，而F项“无论你向谁寻求帮助，一定要敞开心胸以使这种情绪不会征服你〞符合主旨大意。其中reachout在主旨句和选项中重复出现，为提示词，it指上一句中的depression，应选F。“有时候只需要把它转化为积极的想法〞与D项“有时候，为了克服它，你需要改变自己的心态〞形成并列关系，sometimes是关键词。应选D。5.分析文章结构可知，此空与本文加黑字体句式上保持一致，都是祈使句，所以答案在A和B中，再根据空格下一段“Taketheworstdayeverandsetgoalsforyourselftomakechangestowhateveryoucanthatwillturnthatdayintoagrowthexperiencethatmovesyouforwardratherthansetsyouback.从最糟糕的一天开始，为自己设定目标，做一些力所能及的改变，把这一天变成一段让你前进而不是后退的成长经历〞可知，本段讲设定目标使你前进的事，而A项“设定目标〞符合要求，应选A。第三局部语言运用〔共两节，总分值30分〕第一节〔共15小题；每题1分，总分值15分阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最正确选项。Ourliveschangedtracksthedayourdaughterwasborn.MywifeandIfelt____21____intheUK—we’devenboughtahouse6monthsearlier—butthe____22____ofourdaughterforcedamomentof____23____.Wewonderedwhetherweshould____24____toournativeBrazil.Inournativecountry,we’dbeclosertoourfamilyand____25____.ButintheUK,IhadthefundingandlabresourcesIneededformycostlyandhighlyspecializedresearchprogram.Wouldsuchamove____26____mycareer?Then,afewweekslater,Ireceivedacallfrommybrother,whotoldmethatourfatherhadpassedaway.Thegreat____27____Ihadaboutmydaughter’sbirthsuddenlygavewaytoadeepsadness.IfeltthatIwas____28____precioustimewithmylovedones.Afterthat,wehadno____29____thatitwastherighttimetomovebacktoBrazil.Weappliedfortheprofessorshipsinourhometownandbothreceivedoffers.Itwasn’t_____30_____tostartmyresearchinBrazil,however.Ididn’treceiveanystart-upfundingformylab.Iwasabletoperformafewexperimentsmyself_____31_____theexpensivereagents(试剂)IhadbroughtwithmefrommylabintheUK,aswellasequipmentI_____32_____withotherBrazilprofessors.Eventually,I_____33_____Brazilianfunding,whichallowedmeto_____34_____ateamofbrightundergraduateandgraduatestudentsandbuyreagentsandlabequipmentonmyown.Lookingback,I’mcontentthatmywifeandImadethe_____35_____tomovebacktoourhomecountry.IwasabletotakeupBrazilianjujitsu(柔术)training,whichhadn’tbeenabletododuringmyyearsabroad.21.A.settled B.misled C.abandoned D.misunderstood22.A.discovery B.memory C.survival D.arrival23.A.celebration B.consideration C.interruption D.weakness24.A.return B.submit C.respond D.keep25.A.career B.future C.culture D.school26.A.blame B.sink C.expose D.mark27.A.burden B.expectation C.happiness D.sympathy28.A.wasting B.regaining C.listing D.losing29.A.chance B.doubt C.right D.reason30.A.easy B.lucky C.rare D.fair31.A.butfor B.thanksto C.insteadof D.regardlessof32.A.developed B.compared C.discussed D.shared33.A.supported B.perfected C.obtained D.valued34.A.treat B.form C.defeat D.tease35.A.decision B.attempt C.living D.mistake【答案】21.A22.D23.B24.A25.C26.B27.C28.D29.B30.A31.B32.D33.C34.B35.A【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了，作为一位旅居国外的科学家，女儿的出生让作者陷入沉思：归国能让女儿接触自己的家人和文化，但是会不会毁了自己的事业？但作者回首往事，并不懊悔回国的决定。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我和妻子在英国安排下来，我们甚至在6个月前就买了一套房子，但女儿的到来迫使我不得不考虑一下。A.settled定居、安排；B.misled误导；C.abandoned抛弃；D.misunderstood误解。由下文的“we’devenboughtahouse6monthsearlier〞可知，作者6个月前就买了一套房子，说明作者要在英国安排下来。应选A项。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我和妻子在英国安排下来，我们甚至在6个月前就买了一套房子，但女儿的到来迫使我不得不考虑一下。A.discovery发现；B.memory记忆；C.survival生存；D.arrival到来。由上文的“ourdaughterwasborn〞可知，女儿出生，到来了这个世界。应选D项。【23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我和妻子在英国安排下来，我们甚至在6个月前就买了一套房子，但女儿的到来迫使我不得不考虑一下。A.celebration庆祝；B.consideration考虑；C.interruption打断；D.weakness虚弱。由上下文语境可知，作者6个月前就买了一套房子，要在英国安排下来，但女儿到来后，作者却思考是否应该回到自己的祖国巴西，说明女儿的到来使作者考虑是否归国一事。应选B项。24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们想知道我们是否应该回到我们的祖国巴西。A.return返回；B.submit递交；C.respond回应；D.keep保持。由下文的“Inournativecountry,we’dbeclosertoourfamilyand____5____〞可知，作者认为在自己的祖国会更接近自己的家人和文化，说明作者在考虑是否返回祖国巴西一事。应选A项。【25题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在我们的祖国，我们会更接近我们的家人和文化。A.career事业；B.future将来；C.culture文化；D.school学校。由常识可知，因土生土长，人在自己的祖国会更接近自己的家人和文化。应选C项。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这样的举动会毁了我的事业吗？A.blame责备；B.sink漂浮；C.expose暴露；D.mark作记号。由上下文语境可知，上文提到作者在英国有资金和实验室资源，下文提到作者回到巴西后没有得到任何启动资金，昂贵试剂也没有，说明回国后的条件不好，作者认为回国会毁了自己的事业，sink本意为“漂浮〞，“使事业漂浮〞在此处引申义为“毁了事业〞。应选B项。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我对女儿出生的巨大快乐突然间变成了深深的悲伤。A.burden负担；B.expectation期望；C.happiness快乐、幸福；D.sympathy同情。由常识可知，孩子出生，作为父母的作者自然感到幸福快乐，而知道父亲过世后，这种快乐变成了悲伤。应选C项。【28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我觉得我失去了和我爱的人在一起的珍贵时间。A.wasting浪费；B.regaining重新获得；C.listing列举；D.losing失去。由上文语境可知，作者一直在国外，肯定很少和家人在一起，父亲的过世让作者意识到他失去了和自己爱的人在一起的珍贵时间。应选D项。【29题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在那之后，我们毫不疑心现在是时候回到巴西了。A.chance时机；B.doubt疑心；C.right权力；D.reason理由。由下文语境可知，作者回到了祖国巴西，此处指作者毫不疑心现在是时候回到巴西了。应选B项。【30题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，在巴西开始我的研究并不容易。A.easy容易的；B.lucky幸运的；C.rare稀少的；D.fair公平的。由下文语境可知，作者回到巴西后没有得到任何启动资金，能做实验还多亏了从英国实验室带来的昂贵试剂以及与其他巴西教授共享的设备，说明在巴西开始研究并不容易。应选A项。【31题详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：我能够自己做一些实验，多亏了我从英国实验室带来的昂贵试剂，以及我与其他巴西教授共享的设备。A.butfor要不是；B.thanksto多亏；C.insteadof代替；D.regardlessof无视。由上下文语境可知，作者回到巴西后没有得到任何启动资金，条件艰苦，研究不易，能做实验还多亏了从英国实验室带来的昂贵试剂以及与其他巴西教授共享的设备。应选B项。32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我能够自己做一些实验，多亏了我从英国实验室带来的昂贵试剂，以及我与其他巴西教授共享的设备。A.developed开展；B.compared比拟；C.discussed讨论；D.shared共享。由上下文语境可知，作者回到巴西后没有得到任何启动资金，条件艰苦，研究不易，能做实验还多亏了从英国实验室带来的昂贵试剂以及与其他巴西教授共享的设备。应选D项。【33题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：最终，我获得了巴西的资助，使我得以组建一支由聪明的本科生和研究生组成的团队，并自行购置试剂和实验室设备。A.supported支持；B.perfected使完善；C.obtained获得；D.valued重视。由下文语境可知，作者能组建团队并自行购置试剂和实验室设备，说明作者获得了巴西的资助。应选C项。【34题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：最终，我获得了巴西的资助，使我得以组建一支由聪明的本科生和研究生组成的团队，并自行购置试剂和实验室设备。A.treat对待；B.form组成；C.defeat击败；D.tease取笑。由上文语境可知，作者获得了巴西的资助，所以有能力组建自己的研究团队并自行购置试剂和实验室设备。应选B项。【35题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：回首往事，我对妻子和我决定搬回祖国感到满意。A.decision决定；B.attempt尝试；C.living谋生；D.mistake错误。由上文的“Lookingback〞可知，作者此时回忆起自己做出回国决定的这件事，对此感到满意。应选A项。第二节〔共10小题；每题分，总分值15分〕阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Scientistsoftencomparecoralreefstounderwaterrainforests,yetunliketheleafyplantbaseofaforest,coralsareanimals.Thesoftorgansinsidethehardpartsofcoralsarenaturallytransparentandget___36___(they)famouslybrilliantcolorfromalgae(藻类〕livinginsidethem.Whencoralsexperiencestressfromhottemperaturesor___37___(pollute),theyendtheirinterdependentrelationshipwiththisalgae,typicallyforcingthemout___38___turningwhite,thoughonerecentstudyindicatessomecoralsturnabrightneoncolorwhenstressed.Coralsarestillalivewhentheybleach(白化〕，butthey're____39____risk-essentiallyimmunocompromised(免疫功能低下〕－andmany___40___(eventual)starveanddie,turningadarkbrown.Peoplefirstnoticedcoralbleachingeventsinthe1980s.Theproblemworsenedin2021,whenanElNinoweatherpattern,___41___causeswarmerwatersinthePacificOcean,___42___〔mix)withanalreadyunseasonablywarmoceanandkilledoffathirdofthecoralsontheGreatBarrierReef.Sincethen,roughlyhalfthecoralsonAustralia'sfamousreefs___43___〔die)infollowingbleachingevents,riskinganunderwaterlandscape1,500mileslong.Scientistsaroundtheworldarelookingforallkindsofwaystoprotectandmaybeevenrevivecorals.Oneoptionis___44___(create)moremarineprotectedareas-essentiallynationalparksintheocean.Scientistssaycreatingmarineshelter,wherefishing,mining,andrecreatingareofflimits,makesthereefs___45___(healthy),andsomuchstronger.【答案】36.their37.pollution38.and39.at40.eventually41.which42.mixed43.havedied44.tocreate/creating45.healthier【解析】【分析】本文是说明文。当珊瑚遭受到高温或污染，他们结束和藻类的共生关系，迫使藻类离开，珊瑚褪变成白色。许多白化后的珊瑚最终饿死和死掉，为了使珊瑚礁更健康更强壮，科学家称创造海洋生物避难处，限制渔业、开矿和再创造。【36题详解】考查代词。句意：珊瑚中硬体局部中的软器官是天然透明的并且从生活在他们体内的藻类中得到著名的绚烂颜色。根据句子结构可知，此处修饰名词color，故使用形容词性物主代词形式。故填their。【37题详解】考查名词。句意：当珊瑚遭受到高温或污染，他们结