Unit8《Natural+disasters》（2）-2024-2025学年八年级上册英语单元测试卷（译林版）

2024-2025学年八年级上册英语单元测试卷Unit8《Naturaldisasters》（培优卷）注意事项：1．本试卷共8页。全卷满分90分。考试时间为90分钟。试题包含选择题和非选择题。考生答题全部答在答题卡上，答在本试卷上无效。2．请认真核对监考教师在答题卡上所粘贴条形码的姓名、考试证号是否与本人相符合，再将自己的姓名、考试证号用0．5毫米黑色墨水签字笔填写在答题卡及本试卷上。3．答选择题必须用2B铅笔将答题卡上对应的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，请用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案。答非选择题必须用0．5毫米黑色墨水签字笔写在答题卡的指定位置，在其他位置答题一律无效。选择题（共40分）一、单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）请认真阅读下列各题，从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。1．—IhavegotanewHuaweiP50,butIdon’tknowhowtouseit．—Itdoesn’tmatter．Justfollowthe________．A．instruction B．direction C．advertisement D．information2．—Whatisgoingonwiththetrafficaccidentthere?—Policefindout________howtheaccidenthappened．A．nearly B．mostly C．exactly D．really3．—Dad,whydothosepeoplesleepinthetentsatnight?—Becausetheirhouses________intheterriblerainstorm．A．camedown B．brokedown C．calmeddown D．turneddown4．Whataniceday!Weshouldgoforapicnic________watchingTVathome．A．insteadof B．becauseof C．outof D．togetherwith5．Jennywashidingbehindthetree______asnowballhitherbadly．A．while B．when C．since D．as6．Everysummer,studentsinChinausuallyhavetwomonths________．Thisisthebesttimetoenjoyafamilytrip．A．off B．away C．out D．up7．I________anewspaperwhenmycousincametoseemeyesterdayevening．A．amreading B．willread C．wasreading D．read8．Youshouldbemore________aboutthewritingcompetitionaftersuchcarefulpreparation．A．serious B．worried C．nervous D．confident9．—Idon’tthinkcyclingisasexcitingasclimbing．—That’sbecauseyoucan’tridewell．_________,bothofthemareinteresting．A．Aboveall B．Infact C．Asaresult D．Atlast10．Thetaskisverydifficult．________,fewpeoplecanhelpuswithit．Sowemustdoourbest．A．Since B．Moreover C．Otherwise D．Instead11．—Remembertoturnoffthelightswhenyouleavetheclassroom．—________．A．No,Iwon’t B．OK,Iwill C．Yes,Ido D．No,Idon’t12．—________haveyoustayedinthishotel?

—Notlong,just________thisWednesday．A．Howsoon;sinceB．Howlong;since C．Howsoon;from D．Howlong;from13．—Ibecameateacher15years________．Ihavebeenateacher________2007．—Thatmeansyouhavetaughthere________about15years．A．ago;since;for B．before;for;since C．ago;in;for D．ago;since;after14．—Wouldyoumind________here?

—________．Theseathasbeentakenbyanoldperson．A．mysitting;You’dbetternot B．mesitting;OfcourseC．Isitting;Certainlynot D．mesitting;No,youwouldn’t15．—Doyouknowhowto________acryingbaby?—Sorry,Idon’tknow．Ithinkit’stoohard．A．falldown B．comedown C．breakdown D．calmdown二、完形填空（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文所给各题的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AnIndianmumlostpartsofhertwolegsduringatornado（龙卷风）．Shesavedherchildren’slivesbyprotectingthemwithherownbody．The36-year-oldStephanieDeckersaidina(n)16thatshepickeduphertwochildrenearlyfromschoolwhenabigstormwascomingnear．Theywereinthefamily’sundergroundroomwhenthestorm17．“Ihaveneverseensuchastrongwindbefore,”Deckersaid．“Assoonastheglassbroke,thewholehousestartedshaking．”Shehadnotimebuttomadea18decisiontosaveherchildrenatonce,19themupinablanketandthrowingherselfontopofthem．“Everythingstartedcrashingintomy20,”shesaid．Mychildrenwerescreaming,“Mummy,Ican’tlivewithoutyou,pleasedon’tletmedie．”AndIsaid,“We’renotgoingtodie,andwearegoingtomakeit．”21,herchildrenweresafefromthestormcompletelyunharmed．Deckerlostonelegabovethekneeandtheotherabovetheankle．“WhenIlookeddownatmylegs,I22whathadhappened．Iwasafraidthatsomethingmoreterriblewouldhappen,23Itookmyphone,andmadeavideotomyhusband．”Deckersaid．“Iprayedtosurvive（幸存）,thatIwantthesekidstohaveamumandIdidnotwantthemtogrowupwithoutme．”Herprayers（祈祷）were24byaneighbour．Heranforhelpandfoundanofficertravellinginacar．Theofficerusedtourniquets（止血带）tostopherbloodloss．“Itwaspretty25mywifewasabletosurvive．Mychildrenareherebecauseofher,”Stephanie’shusbandJoetoldthereporter．“Iletherknowthatnothingelseisimportant．She’sgoingtobehereforourkids,andshegetstoseethemgrowup．”16．A．interview B．guide C．play D．speech17．A．dropped B．rushed C．hit D．blew18．A．different B．quick C．hard D．special19．A．dressing B．giving C．putting D．tying20．A．face B．head C．back D．neck21．A．Suddenly B．Recently C．Hopelessly D．Luckily22．A．realized B．believed C．remembered D．wondered23．A．and B．so C．but D．as24．A．answered B．allowed C．missed D．refused25．A．interesting B．boring C．worrying D．amazing三、阅读理解（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下列材料，从每题所给四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AEarthquakesmayhappenanywhereontheearth．Whensomeplates(版块)oftheearthmovesuddenly,anearthquakehappens．Manyearthquakesbeginunderthesea．Theyoftenhappennearthemountains(山脉),too．Duringanearthquake,theshakingsmakerocksrisesuddenlyandevencrack(断裂)open．Housesfall,peoplearekilledorhurt,andsometimesthewholevillagesorcitiesaredestroyed(破坏)．Canwedosomethingtokeepourselvessafefromearthquakes?Scientistshavestudiedearthquakesandmademapsthatshowthe“earthquakebelts”．Inareasinthesebelts,it’spossibleforearthquakestohappen．Intheseareasweshouldbuildstronghousestofightagainst(对抗)earthquakes．Inthefuture,scientistswillbeabletotellwhenandwhereanearthquakewillbebeforetheyhappen．Theycanalsotellpeoplewhattodoandhowtodoit．26．Thereasonforanearthquakeis_________．A．thattherearesomanyplatesontheearth B．thattheseaistoodeepC．Rocks’crackingopen D．thatthemountainsaretoohigh27．Alotofearthquakesoftenhappens_________．A．inthearea B．nexttomountains C．atnight D．inthemorning28．Amapshowingtheearthquakebeltswilltellpeople_________．A．whatkindofhousestobuildB．whatkindofhousescanstayupinanearthquakeC．whereearthquakesmayhappenD．whenearthquakesmayhappenBColourfulfruitandvegetablesaregoodforyourhealth．Theirnaturalcolourshelpprotectyourbodyfromdisease．Thinkaboutthesecoloursandfood:theredoftomatoes,theorangeofcarrots,thegreenofkiwifruit(猕猴桃),andthepurpleofgrapes．Youcanenjoyeatingfruitandvegetablesofallcolours:green,yellow,orange,red,blue,purpleandwhite．Eachcolourhassomethingunique(独一无二的)andimportantforgoodhealth．

Theyworktogethertoprotectyourbody．Scientistshavesurprisinglydiscoveredthebenefitsofcolourfulfruitandvegetables．Thelistbelowshowsthebenefitsofsomecoloursinfruitandvegetables．●Redgivesyouahealthyheart．Itcanreducetheriskofheartdisease．Redhelpspreventcancer．Ithelpsimproveyourmemorytoo．●Yellowandorangegiveyouahealthyimmunesystem(免疫系统)．

Theyarealsogoodforyoureyes．Theyhelppreventblindnessintheold．●Whitecankeepcholesterol(胆固醇)atalowerlevel．●Greenhelpspreventcancer．Itisgoodforyoureyes．Italsogivesyoustrongbonesandteeth．●Blueandpurplehelpprotectyourmemoryasyougrowold．Theyalsohelpfightcancerandheartdisease．Sowhenyoubuyoreatfruitandvegetables,remember:themorecolours,thebetter!29．Eatingfruitandvegetablesofdifferentcolourswillmakeyou________．A．healthy B．unhealthy C．getweight D．loseweight30．Theunderlinedword“benefits”means“________”inthepassage．A．益处 B．危害 C．营养 D．后果31．Danielhaspooreyesight．Whatcolourfruitandvegetablesaregoodforhim?A．Red,yellowandorange． B．White,greenandblue．C．Yellow,orangeandgreen． D．Blue,redandwhite．CYoumayhearaboutearthquakes,butdoyouknowwhattodobefore,duringandafteranearthquake?Hereissomeadviceforyou：Beforeanearthquake

It’snecessarytoprepareyourselfandyourfamily．Allfamilymembersshouldknowhowtoturnoffgas,waterandelectricity(电)andknowusefultelephonenumbers（doctor,hospital,police,119,etc．）．Neverputheavythingsoverbeds．Duringanearthquake

It’simportantforeachofyoutostaycalm（冷静）．Ifyouareindoors,quicklymovetoasafeplaceintheroomsuchasunderastrongdeskorastrongtable．Thepurposeistoprotectyourselffromfallingobjects．Stayawayfromwindows,largemirrors,heavyfurnitureandsoon．Ifyouarecooking,turnoffthegas．Ifyouareoutdoors,movetoanopenarealikeaplayground．Moveawayfrombuildings,bridgesandtrees．Ifyouaredriving,stopthecarassoonaspossible,stayingawayfrombridgesandtallbuildings．Stayinyourcar．Afteranearthquake

Oncetheshakinghasstopped,DONOTrunoutofthebuildingatonce．It’sbettertowaitandleavewhenitissafe．Checkaroundyouandhelpthepeoplewhoareintrouble．Ifyourbuildingisbadlybrokenyoushouldleaveit．Ifyousmellorhearagas,geteveryoneoutsideandopenwindowsanddoors．Ifyoucandoitsafely,turnoffthegas．Reportittothegascompany．32．Beforeanearthquake,youshouldn’t________．A．sleepinyourbedatnightB．remembersomeusefultelephonenumbersC．knowhowtoturnoffgas,waterandelectricityD．putheavythingsoverbeds33．Theunderlinedword“purpose”inParagraph3mostprobablymeans________．A．whyyoudothis B．whenyoudothisC．howtoprotectyourself D．wheretofindasaferplace34．Whentheearthstopsshaking,youshould________．A．checkaroundyoufirst B．runoutofthebuildingatonceC．breakthewindowsanddoors D．writeareporttoyourcompany35．Youcanlearn________afterreadingthepassage．A．howanearthquakehappens B．whattodotopreventanearthquakeC．whatanearthquakeislike D．howtoprotectyourselfinanearthquakeDBeingcaughtinafloodisquitedangerous．Likemanyothernaturaldisasters,floodscanhappenwithlittleornowarning．Floodwatermovesquicklyanditisknowntopulltreesoutoftheground,washawaybuildingsandcausebridgestocomedown．Ofcourse,drowning(溺死)isadangerduringaflood,notonlybecausethereissomuchwateranditismovingquickly,butalsobecauseofwhatthewateriscarrying．Piecesofglass,bricksandmetalcaughtinthemovingwatercanhurtanyoneinthefloodwater,makingitmoredifficulttoswimorwalkthroughwater．Moreover,floodscancausepowercut,trafficjamsandwidedestruction(毁灭)．Andtheflooditselfisn’ttheonlythingtodealwith．Thethingafterthefloodcanbejustasdifficult,becauseitmaynotbepossibletosendbasicsuppliessuchasfoodanddrinkingwatertothearea．Sohowtoprotectourselvesduringtheflood?Herearesometipsforyou:1Avoidbridgesthatcrossquickly-movingwater,asfloodwaterscancausebridgestocomedown,2Listentothegovernment’sradioforfurtherinstructions．Ifyouaretoldtomovetoasaferplace,doso．3Stayinsideacartrappedbyfast-movingwater．Onlygetoutifthewaterbeginstofloodthecaritself,thenmovetothetopofthecar．4Nevertrytowalk,swimordrivethroughfloodwaters．Itonlytakessixinchesofmovingwatertoknockapersonofftheirfeet．5Stayawayfrom,astheyareoftenknockeddownduringstrongstormsandflooding．Theycancausewaterallaroundtobecomecharged,leadingtopeople’sdeathbecausethepowerisn’tcutoff．Aftertheflood,donotdrinkwateroruseittowashdishes,brushteeth．Drinkclean,safewater．Ifyoumovedfromyourhome,returntoitonlyafterthelocalgovernmenthavesaiditissafetodoso．36．Wheredoesthispassagecomefrom?A．Aguidebook B．Amovieposter C．Localnewspapers D．ABiologymagazine37．Whichofthefollowingdoesn’tmakedrowningagreatdangerduringaflood?A．Thereissomuchwater．B．Thewaterismovingveryfast．C．Thefloodwatercarriespiecesofglass,bricksandmetal．D．Someofthepeoplearenotgoodatswimming．38．Whichofthefollowingcanbeputin_______?A．fallentrees B．powerlines C．hardrocks D．brokenhouses39．Whatdoweknowaboutfloodsaccordingtothepassage?A．Aftertheflood,itiseasyforustosendbasicsuppliestothearea．B．Sixinchesoffloodwaterisn’tstrongenoughtoknockpeopledown．C．Ifyouareagoodswimmer,youcanswimacrossthefloodwatersafely．D．Floodscancausealotofproblemsnotonlyduringthefloodbutalsoaftertheflood．40．Thispassageiswrittento_______．A．Telluswhatcausestheflood．B．Tellushowdangerousthefloodis．C．Tellushowtopreventfloodsfromhappening．D．Introducefloods’dangerandtipsforprotectingourselves．非选择题（共50分）四、填空（共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分）A）根据括号中所给的汉语写出单词，使句子意思完整正确，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为41—45的相应位置上。41．Tomstayed_______(醒着的)becauseofthenoisefromnextdoor．42．Davidwasreported_______formorethanthreedays．（失踪）43．MyfamilywenttotheparklastSunday．Iwentrowing_______mybrotherwentrunning．(然而)44．Theradiosaysa_______(暴风雨)isonitsway．Wemustprepareforit．45．Therabbitsraninall_______whenthewolvescamecloser．(方向)B）根据句子意思，用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为46—50的相应位置上。46．Manypeoplegot_______hurtorevendiedintheearthquakeinTurkey．(bad)47．He_______(tie)asheeptoatreewhenIsawhim．48．Isawhim_______(play)theviolinwhenIwalkedpasttheroom．49．I’msorryI’mlate,Sir．Mycar_______(break)downonmywayhere．50．The_______(rule)ofthecountryarethepeoplewhoreallyloveit．C）根据短文内容，从下面方框中选择适当的单词或短语填空，使短文内容完整正确，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为51—55的相应位置上。阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的动词，并用其适当形式填空，有的需要加助动词或不定式符号(每词限用一次)。program

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insteadof

simpleCHATBOTS—WhattheydoandwhytheymatterChatbotsarechangingthewaycustomersinteract(互动)withbusinesses．Thinkaboutthis,51clickingonlinkonacompany’swebsite,youcould52typeaquestionandgetanimmediateanswer．Somecompaniesareworkingtomakethisarealityusingchatbots．Chatbotsarecomputer53thatcancommunicatewithhumanbeingsbyphone,onmessagingapps(应用软件)oronwebsites．Chatbotscan54information,answerfrequentlyaskedquestions(FAQs)andcollectinformationfromusers．Theycanbeusedto55paymentsforonlineshopping,tohelpusersdecidewhattheywanttobuyandtomakeappointments．五、阅读填空（共20小题，每小题1分，满分20分）A）阅读下面短文，根据所读内容，在文章后第56—65小题的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为56—65的相应位置上。注意：每个空格只填1个单词。阅读下列短文，根据短文内容完成表格中所缺的信息，每空一词。Beyonditsinfluenceonhealth,notgettingenoughsleepcanleadtocaraccidentsorothermistakes．Herearewhatsleepresearchershavefoundabouthowtosleep．Howmuchsleepdoweactuallyneed?Itisknownthatallofusnaturallyneednolessthaneighthoursofsleeppernight．Whenwesleepbelowsixhoursper24,we'reatanincreasedriskofhealthproblems．Someofusthinkwecanmakeupanyofthosehourslostduringtheweekontheweekends．Sadlythereisnostoragesystemforsleepinthebrain．Canwetrainourselvestoneedlesssleep?Asastudyin1964,a17-year-oldboynamedRandyGardnerstayedawakefor264hours．Howmanypeoplecoulddoanythingclosetothatwithoutdying?Whenyouarereadingthis，youmightsayyouusuallygetsixhoursofsleepandfeeljustfine．Sleepexpertsoftencomparepeoplewithoutenoughsleeptodrunkdrivers：Theydon'tgetbehindthewheelthinkingthey'reprobablygoingtokillsomeone．Canwedrinkcoffeeinsteadofsleeping?Coffeecankeepusawake．Remember,toomuchcoffeemaythrowoffoursleepandenergycycles．Solimitcoffeeandavoidcaffeineforfourtosixhoursbeforebedtime．Doesasenseorpurposeconnecttosleepquality?Anewresearchsuggestsakindofstrongconnectionbetweenpurposeinlifeandsleep．Peoplewhohaveagreatersenseofpurposeusuallyhavebetterphysicalandmentalhealth,whichinturnexplainstheirhigher-qualitysleep．Perhapsdevelopingasenseofpurposeinlifecouldbeasusefulatimprovingsleepasthehealthyhabitsabove．HowtosleepIntroductionNotgettingenoughsleepcaninfluenceourhealthand56manymistakes．Findingsfrom57researchersHowmuchsleepdoweactuallyneed?·Eighthoursofsleepanightis58forallofus．·Sleepinglessthansixhoursadaycan59theriskofhealthproblems．·Itis60tomakeupthelostsleepinghoursduringtheworkweek．Canwetrainourselvestoneedlesssleep?·Peoplewithoutenoughsleepwouldinsistthattheywere61butweren'tdoingwellatall．Canwedrinkcoffeeinsteadofsleeping?·Usingcoffeeinsteadofsleepingmightleadtosleep62．·Drinkproperamountofcoffeeatproper63．Doesasenseofpurposeconnecttosleepquality?·Asenseofpurposeinlifeisclosely64withsleepquality．·Peoplewithagreatersenseofpurposemaysleep65．B）根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为66—75的相应位置上。Intheanimalworld,colourisofgreatimportancetonature’sanimals,birdsandinsects．Oftenitcans66theirlives．Natureisbeautiful,andwecanseeitsbeautyeverywhere．Natureisfullofcolours．P67,animals,birdsandinsectshavemanybeautifulcolours．Colour,however,foranimals,birdsandinsectsisnotonlybeauty．Itmeanslifetothembecauseithelpsthemh68fromotherdangerousanimals．Somebirdsusetheircolourstotellotherbirdstos69awayfromtheir“houses”inthetree．Theysingandmovetheirwingstoshowtheircoloursasam70tootherbirds．Onekindofbutterflyisorangeandblack．Birdsdonotlikee71thembecausetheyhaveabadtaste．Onceabirdeatsthiskindofbutterfly,itremembersthebadtaste．Afterthat,itwilln72eatanotherorangeandblackbutterfly!Somemoths(飞蛾)usecolourstomakebirdsa73ofthem．Abirdcanrememberthecoloursorthemarksonthemoth’sback．Thebirdseesthecoloursorthemarksanddoesn’teatthemoth!Onekindoffishcanchangeitscolour．Thecolouristhes74astheseaplantsorrockaroundit．Otherfishcan’tseeit．Ofcourse,thechameleonisthemostfamousbecauseitcanchangethecolourofitsbodyasitwalksfromatreetogreenplants．Youcanseeitt75greenasyouwatch．六、书面表达（满分15分）结合你所经历的一次自然灾害写一篇70字的短文，提示内容如下：去年6月25日，一场暴雨袭击了我的家乡。我在学校上课，因为雨大，李老师让我们早点回家。在回家的路上，我看见许多人在车站等车。一阵大风吹跑了我的雨伞……大雨下了一夜，第二天……________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________参考答案1．A【详解】句意：——我有一个新的华为P50，但我不知道如何使用它。——没关系。只需按照说明操作即可。考查名词辨析。instruction说明；direction方向；advertisement广告；information信息。根据“IhavegotanewHuaweiP50,butIdon’tknowhowtouseit．”可知，如何使用新手机应按照“说明”操作。故选A。2．C【详解】句意：——那里的交通事故是怎么回事？——警察确切地查明了事故是如何发生的。考查副词辨析。nearly几乎；mostly主要地；exactly准确地；really真地。根据“findout”可知，警察确切地查明了事故发生的原因，exactly符合语境。故选C。3．A【详解】句意：——爸爸，为什么那些人晚上睡在帐篷里？——因为他们的房子在可怕的暴风雨中倒塌了。考查动词短语。comedown倒塌；brokedown发生故障；calmdown使平静下来；turndown拒绝。根据“whydothosepeoplesleepinthetentsatnight?”和“intheterriblestorm”可知，应该是房子倒塌了，故选A。4．A【详解】句意：多么好的天气啊！我们应该去野炊而不是在家看电视。考查介词短语。insteadof而不是；becauseof因为；outof从……出来；togetherwith和……一起。根据语境天气好应去野炊而不是在家看电视。故选A。5．B【详解】句意：珍妮正躲在树后，一个雪球狠狠地打了她一下。考查从属连词辨析。while当，从句用过去进行时；when当，从句一般用一般过去时；since自从；as当……时候。由“Jennywashidingbehindthetree．．．asnowballhitherbadly．”可知，从句为一般过去时，主句是过去进行时，应用when引导时间状语从句。故选B。6．A【详解】句意：每年夏天，中国的学生通常有两个月的假期。这是享受家庭旅行的最佳时机。考查介词辨析。off从……中脱离；away远离；out在外面；up向上。根据“Everysummer,studentsinChinausuallyhavetwomonths…”可知，此处指的是“有两个月的假期”，have+时间段+off指“有多长时间的假期”。故选A。7．C【详解】句意：昨天晚上我表弟来看我的时候，我正在看报纸。考查动词的时态。根据“whenmycousincametoseemeyesterdayevening．”可知，此处是指过去的某一时刻正发生的动作，空处用过去进行时was/weredoing。故选C。8．D【详解】句意：经过如此精心的准备，你应该对写作比赛更有信心。考查形容词辨析。serious严重的；worried担心的；nervous紧张的；confident有信心的。根据“aftersuchcarefulpreparation”可知，应是指对写作比赛更有信心，故选D。9．B【详解】句意：——我认为骑自行车不如爬山那么令人兴奋。——那是因为你骑得不好。事实上，它们都很有趣。考查介词短语。Aboveall最重要的；Infact事实上；Asaresult结果；Atlast终于。根据“bothofthemareinteresting．”可知，事实上两种运动都非常有趣。故选B。10．B【详解】句意：这项任务非常困难。此外，很少有人能帮助我们。所以我们必须尽最大努力。考查副词辨析。Since此后；Moreover此外；Otherwise否则；Instead相反。根据“Thetaskisverydifficult…fewpeoplecanhelpuswithit．”可知，除了任务本身很难之外，几乎没人能帮忙更增加了它的难度，moreover符合语境，用于进一步说明情况。故选B。11．B【详解】句意：——当你离开教室时，记得关灯。——好的，我会的。考查情景交际。No,Iwon’t不，我不会；OK,Iwill好的，我会的；Yes,Ido是的，我愿意；No,Idon’t不，我没有。根据“Remembertoturnoffthelights”可知，上文是提醒对方记得关灯，则应回答“好的，我会（关灯）”。故选B。12．B【详解】句意：——你在旅馆待了多长时间了？——不长时间，就从这周三开始的。考查特殊疑问句和词义辨析。howsoon用来询问多久之后，常用于将来时；howlong用来询问多长时间；since自从；from从。根据“Notlong（不长时间）”可知，这是在描述做某事用了多久，因此特殊疑问词应用howlong；又知答语应为一段时间，所以所缺部分应与thisWednesday构成时间段，howlong提问，答语常为for+一段时间或since+时间点，而且thisWednesday“这周三”为一个时间点，所以用since。故选B。13．A【详解】句意：——15年前我成为了一名教师。自从2007年以来我一直是老师。——这意味着你已经在这里教了大约15年了。考查介词用法。根据动词“became”可知时态为一般过去时，15yearsago“十五年前”，是表示过去的时间短语；根据“havebeen”可知时态为现在完成时，since+过去时间点，表示一段时间，与现在完成时态连用；根据“about15years”可知for+一段时间，与现在完成时态连用。故选A。14．A【详解】——你介意我坐这儿吗？——你最好不要。这个座位已经被一个老人占了。考查mindsb．doing结构。sitting为动名词，所以前面应用形容词性物主代词my。根据“Theseathasbeentakenbyanoldperson．”可知，座位已经被一个老人占了，所以你最好不要坐这儿。故选A。15．D【详解】句意：——你知道如何让哭泣的婴儿安静下来吗？——对不起，我不知道。我觉得这太难了。考查动词短语。falldown跌倒；comedown降落；breakdown打破；calmdown冷静下来。根据“Doyouknowhowto．．．acryingbaby?”可知此处询问的是让一个哭泣的婴儿怎么样不哭，即冷静下来，故选D。16．A17．C18．B19．D20．C21．D22．A23．B24．A25．D【分析】本文讲述了一位母亲在暴风雨中保护孩子不受伤，而自己却失去了腿的故事。16．句意：36岁的StephanieDecker在一次采访中说，当一场大风暴即将来临的时候，她早早地从学校接走了她的两个孩子。interview采访；guide向导；play玩耍；speech演讲。根据下文的内容可知，Decker是在一个采访中描述的自己经历，故选A。17．句意：暴风雨来袭时，他们在家里的地下室里。dropped掉下；rushed急忙；hit袭击；blew吹。根据“whenthestorm”可知，此处指暴风雨来袭时的情况，故选C。18．句意：她没有时间，只能迅速作出决定，立即救她的孩子们。different不同的；quick快速的；hard艰难的；special特别的。在孩子们面临危险时，她必须做出快速的决定，故选B。19．句意：用毯子把他们捆起来然后自己趴在他们身上。dressing打扮；giving给予；putting放；tying系。在暴风雨来袭时，为了保证孩子们的安全，要把他们牢牢系在一起才可以，故选D。20．句意：所有东西都开始砸到我的背上。face脸；head头；back后背；neck脖子。根据“…themupinablanketandthrowingherselfontopofthem”可知，把自己的身躯盖在孩子们身上，按照常识应该是后背朝外，所以所有东西都砸在了她的背上，故选C。21．句意：幸运的是，她的孩子们在暴风雨中安然无恙。Suddenly突然；Recently最近；Hopelessly毫无希望地；Luckily幸运地。根据“herchildrenweresafefromthestormcompletelyunharmed”可知，孩子们都安全，这是一件幸运的事，故选D。22．句意：当我低头看我的腿时，我意识到发生了什么。realized意识到；believed相信；remembered记得；wondered想知道。根据“WhenIlookeddownatmylegs”可知，看到自己的腿时意识到发生了什么，故选A。23．句意：我担心会发生更可怕的事，所以我拿起手机，录了段视频给我丈夫。and和；so所以；but但是；as作为。“Iwasafraidthatsomethingmoreterriblewouldhappen”与“Itookmyphone”是因果关系，前是因，后是果，用连词so表示“所以”，故选B。24．句意：她的祈祷得到了邻居的响应。answered回应；allowed允许；missed错过；refused拒绝。根据“Herprayers（祈祷）were…byaneighbour”可知，祈祷得到了回应，故选A。25．句意：我妻子能活下来真是太不可思议了。interesting有趣的；boring无聊的；worrying担心的；amazing令人惊异的。根据前面的描述，他的妻子腿受伤了，这样的情况下能活下来是很令人惊讶的，故选D。26．A27．B28．C【分析】本文主要介绍了地震发生时带来的危害，以及为了预防地震我们可以做什么。26．细节理解题。根据“Whensomeplatesoftheearthmovesuddenly,anearthquakehappens．”可知，当地球的某些板块突然移动时，就会发生地震。故选A。27．细节理解题。根据“Theyoftenhappennearthemountains,too．”可知，地震经常发生在山区附近，故选B。28．推理判断题。根据“Scientistshavestudiedearthquakesandmademapsthatshowthe‘earthquakebelts’．Inareasinthesebelts,it’spossibleforearthquakestohappen．Intheseareasweshouldbuildstronghousestofightagainstearthquakes．”可知，科学家们研究了地震，并绘制了显示“地震带”的地图，在这些地区，地震是有可能发生的，我们应该建造坚固的房屋来抵抗地震。故选C。29．A30．A31．C【分析】本文是说明文，介绍了不同颜色的水果和蔬菜对人的健康的好处。29．细节理解题。根据第二段“Eachcolourhassomethinguniqueandimportantforgoodhealth”，可知吃不同颜色的水果和蔬菜会让你健康，故选A。30．词句猜测题。根据下文“Redgivesyouahealthyheart”，结合其他四点不同颜色的好处，可知benefits表示“好处”，故选A。31．细节理解题。根据“●Yellowandorangegiveyouahealthyimmunesystem．Theyarealsogoodforyoureyes．●Greenhelpspreventcancer．Itisgoodforyoureyes”，可知黄色、橙色和绿色有益于视力，故选C。32．D33．A34．A35．D【导语】本文主要讲在地震前，地震中和地震后需要做的事情。32．细节理解题。根据“Neverputheavythingsoverbeds．”可知床头不要放重物。故选D。33．词义猜测题。根据“Ifyouareindoors,quicklymovetoasafeplaceintheroomsuchasunderastrongdeskorastrongtable．”及“Thepurposeistoprotectyourselffromfallingobjects．Stayawayfromwindows,largemirrors,heavyfurnitureandsoon．Ifyouarecooking,turnoffthegas．”可知在结实的桌子下躲着是为了保护自己免受重物的伤害。故“purpose”表示“目的”。即为什么要这样做。故选A。34．细节理解题。根据“It’sbettertowaitandleavewhenitissafe．Checkaroundyouandhelpthepeoplewhoareintrouble．”可知此处指地震之后先看下周围是否安全。故选A。35．主旨大意题。本文主要讲发生地震了如何保护自己。故选D。36．C37．D38．B39．D40．D【分析】文章介绍了洪水的危害以及如何在洪水期间保护自己的一些建议。36．推理判断题。根据整个文章的理解可知，主要是介绍洪水爆发期间的一些危害以及如何在洪水期间保护自己的一些建议，应该是出自报纸上，故选C。37．细节理解题。根据“Ofcourse,drowning(溺死)isadangerduringaflood．．．makingitmoredifficulttoswimorwalkthroughwater．”可知，不擅长游泳不会使溺水在洪水期间成为很大的危险，故选D。38．细节理解题。根据“astheyareoftenknockeddownduringstrongstormsandflooding．Theycancausewaterallaroundtobecomecharged,leadingtopeople’sdeathbecausethepowerisn’tcutoff．”可知，会导致周围的水充满电，导致人们死亡的应该是电线电线杆，故选B。39．细节理解题。根据“Beingcaughtinafloodisquitedangerous．”以及“Aftertheflood,donotdrinkwateroruseittowashdishes,brushteeth．”可知，洪水不仅在洪水期间，而且在洪水之后也会造成很多问题，故选D。40．主旨大意题。根据整个文章的理解可知，文章主要是介绍洪水的危险及保护自己的建议，故选D。41．awake【详解】句意：汤姆因为隔壁传来的噪音而睡不着。awake意为“醒着的”，形容词作系动词“stay”的表语。故填awake。42．missing【详解】句意：据报道，大卫失踪了三天多。missing“失踪”，形容词作主语补足语。故填missing。43．while【详解】句意：我家上周日去公园了。我去划船而我的弟弟去跑步了。由句意及语境推测，本题考查while“然而”，连词，连接两个并列句子，表示“对比”关系。故填while。44．rainstorm/storm【详解】句意：收音机说暴风雨就要来了。我们必须为此做好准备。rainstorm/storm“暴风雨”，可数名词，由“a”可知，此处用单数。故填rainstorm/storm。45．directions【详解】句意：狼走近时，兔子向四面八方跑去。“方向”为direction，是名词，根据句中all可知，应用复数形式directions，inalldirections意为“四面八方”，故填directions。46．badly【详解】句意：在土耳其的地震中，许多人受了重伤，甚至死亡。此处需要副词来修饰gothurt，bad后加ly变副词。故填badly。47．wastying【详解】句意：当我看到他时，他正在把一只羊绑在树上。根据“whenIsawhim”在此处是when引导的时间状语从句，主句用过去进行时，从句为一般过去时。主语“He”为第三人称单数，谓语用was，tie的现在分词为tying。故填wastying。48．playing【详解】句意：我走过房间时看见他正在拉小提琴。playtheviolin“拉小提琴”，固定短语，根据“whenIwalkedpasttheroom”可知，应该是正在拉小提琴，seesb．doingsth．表示“看见某人正在做某事”。故填playing。49．broke【详解】句意：对不起，先生，我迟到了。我的车在来的路上坏了。break是动词，车子坏了的动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时，故填broke。50．rulers【详解】句意：这个国家的统治者是真正热爱它的人民。根据“The…ofthecountryarethepeoplewhoreallyloveit”可知是，这个国家的统治者；由表语“thepeople”是复数可知，作主语的名词用复数形式。rule“控制，统治”，动词，其名词是ruler“统治者”，复数是rulers。故填rulers。51．insteadof52．simply53．programs54．lookup55．manage【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了什么是聊天机器人以及它们能做什么。51．句意：想想看，你可以简单地输入一个问题并立即得到答案，而不是点击公司网站上的链接。根据“youcould．．．typeaquestionandgetanimmediateanswer”可知，你可以输入一个问题并立即得到答案，也就是不需要点击公司网站。结合“．．．clickingonlinkonacompany’swebsite”和备选词汇可知，insteadof“而不是”符合语境，故填insteadof。52．句意：想想看，你可以简单地键入一个问题并立即得到答案，而不是点击公司网站上的链接。根据“youcould．．．typeaquestionandgetanimmediateanswer”可知，该空填一个副词，修饰动作type。simple“简单的”，形容词；simply“简单地”，副词，符合语境，故填simply。53．句意：聊天机器人是可以通过电话、消