Unit4SpaceExplorationDiscoveringUsefulStructures不定式做定语课件高中英语人教版

datasignatureConclusionUnit4SpaceExplorationDiscoveringUsefulStructures非谓语动词

动词不定式todo过去分词(done)现在分词/动名词(doing)

Review：我们学哪些成分或词性做定语？acleverboyswimmingpoolpollutedwater一个二中的学生一个聪明的男孩游泳池被污染的水形容词doingdoneHehasasonwhoworksasateacher.他有一个做老师的儿子定语从句Ihaveawishtogotouniversity我有一个上大学的愿望不定式作定语1.Wemustfindapersontodothework.2.Therearelotsofinterestingthingstosee.3.Theygottheordertoleavethecity.4.Thatgirlhasnothing

toworryabout观察领悟：·动词不定式作定语通常放在名词或代词_____（前/后），常翻译为....的，往往表示___________(已发生/未发生)。·若不定式动词为不及物动词，则该动词必须与____词连用(如4)

不定式（todo）作定语后未发生介Withsomuchhomework__________(finish),hewillhavenotimetoattendtheparty.tofinishTherabbithasanewhouse_________

A.livingB.toliveC.toliveinD.livedC动词不定式做定语的情况1.当被修饰的名词是抽象名词

ability,ambition,attempt,chance,courage,desire........（一些表示企图、努力、愿望、打算、能力等意义的名词）1.Hehastheabilityanddesire

to

dousefulwork．

他有能力和愿望去做有用的工作。2.Thankstoyourencouragement,Ifinallygotthecourage

to

facethechallenge．多亏了你的鼓励，我最终有了迎接挑战的勇气。动词不定式做定语的情况2.当被修饰的名词前有theonly,thenext,以及由序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词Shewasthefirstwomanto

winthegoldmedalintheOlympicGames．她是第一位在奥运会上获得金牌的女性。3.当被修饰的词为something,nothing,anything等不定代词1.Doyouhaveanything_________?2.Iwanttogetsomething_________.你还有什么事情要说吗？我想拿点东西吃tosaytoeatSummarytodo作为定语

1放在被修饰名词后面2常表示未发生动作

3普通名词常被序数词、最高级修饰

4抽象名词常：dream,desire

......5被修饰词为不定代词：something,nothing,anything等巩固练习1.Heisalwaysthe_______________________(第一个来的人)and___________________(最后一个走）2.Thenexttrain_____wasfromShenzhen.A.arriveB.toarriveC.arrivingD.arrivedthefirstpersontocomethelastonetoleaveBinfinitiveasadverbial不定式（todo）作状语目的

原因结果2.Infinitives

asadverbials

1.To

keep

up

withothers,theintelligentyoungmanhasbeenworkingveryhard．

为了赶上别人，这个聪明的年轻人一直在努力学习。2.In

order

to

help

him,wewilldoeverythingwecan.

3.Sheaskedmetodrivehertotheairportso

as

to

catchtheplane

为了赶上飞机，她让我开车把她送到机场。为了帮助他，

我们将尽我们所能。观察领悟：·动词不定式作状语表目的可放在______________。

常用结构：todo;inordertodo,soastodo........句首或句末1作目的状语2作原因状语1.I'mdisappointedto

hear

youlackthepatience．听说你缺乏耐心（原因），我很失望。2.Ifso,youmaybesurprisedto

learnthatlibrarieshavechangedforthebetter．如果这样的话，可能会很惊讶地发现图书馆已经变得更好了（原因）。观察领悟：

不定式作原因多用于“sb＋be＋__________________”此类形容词有happy,sorry,glad,excited,disappointed等adj.＋todo...datasignatureConclusion1.作___________:例句：那样做是很幼稚的.Toactlikethatischildish.=ItischildishtoactlikethatTomakesuchamistakeisfoolish.=___________________________________________Thefunctionsoftheinfinitive为避免句子出现“头重脚轻”现象，常用it做形式主语，将真正主语的不定式后置。从而构成以下结构：It+be+adj./n.+todosth.。主语Itisfoolishtomakesuchamistake.2.作___________:例句：IwishtolearnEnglishwell.IliketohelpothersifIcan.Ifinditdifficulttoworkwithhim.宾语常接不定式做宾语的动词有：afford,agree,aim,arrange,ask,attempt,begin,bother,care,choose,continue,dare,decide,demand,expect,fail,hate,hope,learn,long,manage,mean,need,offer,plan,prefer,prepare,promise,prove,refuse,want,wish等.当不定式作宾语时后面接有宾补时，常用it作形式宾语，把不定式宾语放后面。Ifinditnecessarytogeteverythingreadyintime.我觉得及时把一切都准备好是必要的。datasignatureConclusion注意以下几组词的区别：(1)rememberdoing/todo(2)forgetdoing/todo(3)meandoing/todo意味着……/打算做

(4)regretdoing/tod0(5)stopdoing/todoTomwaswatchingTV.Butwhenhisfathergothome,he

stoppedtodohishomework.datasignatureConclusion3.作___________:例句：Fatherwillnotallowustoplayonthestreet.Mybrotheraskedmetocleantheroomwithhim.宾补带to的不定式做宾语补足语的动词有:ask,beg,prefer,help,promise,wish,want,expect,permit,request,allow,command,tell,invite,cause,encourage,warn,advise,persuade,force,order,remind,teach,等.注意：在主动结构中,下列动词后作宾补的动词不定式应省略to:“五看”(see,watch,notice,observe,lookat)“三使”(make,let,have使役动词)“两听”(hear,listento)“一感觉”(feel)。Whomadehimworkallnightlong?Thepolicemansawachildplayinthestreet.Don’tmakethechildrendosuchheavywork.但是,改为被动结构后,应补出省略的to。五看三室（使）两厅（听）一感觉例句：He

wasseento

breakthewindow.练习：Thepolicemansawachildplayinthestreet.（变被动态）___________________________________________________________练习：Imadehimdohiswork___________________________________________________________但是,改为被动结构后,应补出省略的to。Achildwasseentoplayinthestreetbythepoliceman.Hewasmadetodohiswork(byme).datasignatureConclusion4.作___________:例句：Myambitionistobecomeadoctor.Toseeistobelieve.眼见为实。表语Hisjobtolookafterthehorses.Ourgoaltobeadmittedtoagooduniversity.isis不定式在句中的功能：（一）作定语不定式作定语，一般放在被修饰的名词、代词后面。例如：Ihavealotofworktodo.Sheisthefirststudent

tocometoschool.Thereisnothingtoworryabout.

只能用动词不定式做定语的情况例：1.Pleasemakeaneffort

tocatchthebus.2.Hemadeapromise

tocomehereontimetomorrow.1.当修饰的名词是ability,ambition,attempt,chance,courage,desire,decision,effort,failure,moment,promise,right,time,wish…（一些表示企图、努力、愿望、打算、能力

等意义的名词）“todo”asattributive1.

Ihavenodesiretowrite..2.

TheSmithswerethefirsttoarrive..3.Therewasnothingtobedone..4.

Ihavealottosay..5.

Ihavenoideawheretogo.6.TheconferencetotakeplaceinShanghainextweekisofgreatimportance.句子成分用法不定式在句中中作___________1.可修饰：2.多置于被修饰词___________3.多表示_____________的动作。定语名词或者代词之后作后置定语未来的1.Pleasemakeanefforttocatchthebus.2.Hemadea

promisetocomehereontimetomorrow.3.Ihavenodesire

towrite.4.thankstoyourencouragement,Ifinallygotthecouragetoface

thechallenge.5.Hisabilitytogetonwellwithpeopleishischiefadvantage.总结1.抽象名词ability,aim,attempt,right,chance,opportunity,way,courage,decision,hope,wish,dream等后常用不定式作定语。“todo”asattributiveThiscanbeusefulforbusinesssuchasrestaurantsandstoresbecauseitoffersanewway_____________(attract)customers.toattract

Practice1.ThenexttraintoarrivewasfromNewYork.2.Youaretheonlypersontobelateforsuchanimportantmeeting.3.Itisrecognizedthatheisthebestmantodothejob.4.Heisalwaysthefirsttocomeandthelasttoleave.总结2.序数词、形容词最高级和thelast/theonly/thenext等后或被这些词修饰的名词后常用动词不定式作定语。“todo”asattributivePractice(全国Ⅰ卷语法填空改编)Chinahasbecomethefirstcountry________(land)aspacecraftonthefarsideofthe

moon.toland

1.Ihavenothing

(fear)butfearitself.2.Doyouhaveanything

(say)?3.Thereisnothing

(worry)about.总结3.something,nothing,anything等不定代词后常用动词不定式。4.在therebe句型中，作主语的名词后可接不定式作定语，不定式用主动式或者被动式均可。“todo”asattributivetofeartosaytoworry/tobeworried主动/被动？1.Weneedsomeonetohelpwiththework.2.Thecompetitiontobeheldnextyearwillsurelyattractmanyinternationaltourists.3.Tomhasalargefamilytosupport.主谓关系动宾关系不定式的动词与被修饰词的关系主动(todo)被动(tobedone)只能用动词不定式做定语的情况例：1.Hewasthefirstonetothinkoftheidea.2.Youaretheonlypersontobelate.3.Themanageristhelasttocometothemeeting.2.当修饰的名词前有theonly,thenext,thebest,thefirst,thelast,以及由序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词常常用不定式作定语。只能用动词不定式做定语的情况例：1.Doyouhaveanything

tosay?2.Thereisnothing

toworry

about.3.Iwanttogetsomething

todrink.3.当修饰的词为something,nothing,anything等不定代词时。4.当定语表示未来的还没做的动作时。例：Thelettertobewrittenistomyfather.Themattertobediscussedisimportant.只能用动词不定式做定语的情况例：1.Doyouhaveanything

tosay?2.Thereisnothing

toworry

about.3.Iwanttogetsomething

todrink.3.当修饰的词为something,nothing,anything等不定代词时。4.当定语表示未来的还没做的动作时。例：Thelettertobewrittenistomyfather.Themattertobediscussedisimportant.datasignatureConclusionStep3不定式的几种形式一.不定式的否定结构：not/never/seldom/hardly+to+动词原形Theteachertoldus_____________________________________(不要在那条河里游泳)。2)It’sunfair____________________(不告诉我们).nottoswiminthatrivernottotellusdatasignatureConclusion

主动形式被动形式一般式todotobedone完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone进行式Tobedoingtobebeingdone二.不定式的时态和语态：1.一般式：表示的动作有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生,有时发生在谓语动词表示的动作之后。Iwant_____________________________________.(再见到你)完成式：表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。Theyseem_____________________________(他们好像知道了答案).

.tomeet/seeyouagaintohaveknowntheanswer3.进行式：表示的动作正在进行,与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。1)Theyseem_______________________________________________.(好像在努力工作)2)Hepretended_____________________________(假装在读书)whenIcameintohisroom4.被动式据说此书已被翻译成了多种语言。Thebookissaid_______________________________________________________._tobeworkinghardtobereadingtohavebeentranslatedint