高中英语北师大版选择性必修一UNIT 3 Period 2　Lesson 1　The Sixth Extinction-Reading Comprehension

Period2Lesson1TheSixthExtinction—ReadingComprehensionⅠ.匹配单词(请把单词和其对应的英语解释连线)1．speciesA．tobecomesmallerinsizeornumber2．massB．tobringbackasituationorfeelingthatexistedbefore3．variedC．atriskofnolongerexisting4．decreaseD．asetofanimalsorplantsthathavethesamecharacteristics5．endangered

E．ofmanydifferenttypes6．restoreF．alargeamountorquantityofsth答案1.D2.F3.E4.A5.C6.BⅡ.选词填空eq\x(dieout，betoblame，beatrisk，wipeout，inshort)1．Whodoyouthinkaretoblameforthecaraccidentlastnight?2．Aswecansee，manyspeciesarequicklydyingoutbecauseoftheextremeclimate.3．Thefashionablegirlwillbeatriskofafatalheartattackifshedoesn’tputonweight.4．Formostparents，children’ssmilecanwipeoutallthetiredfeelingsafteraday’swork.5．Inshort，agoodandharmoniousfamilyatmosphereisbeneficialtothehealthygrowthofchildrenbothphysicallyandmentally.Activity1Fast-readingformainideas1．Readthepassagequicklyandmatchthemainideawitheachparagraph.Para.1A．Humanactivitycausesspeciestodieoutfaster.Para.2B．Howdoweavoidasixthmassextinction?Para.3C．Extinctionsinhistoryandthereasons.Para.4D．Thepossibleconsequencesofthesixthmassextinction.答案Para.1CPara.2APara.3DPara.4B2．Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?ExtinctionsarenotunusualinourEarth’shistory.Butwehumanscantakeactiontostopdestroyingtheplanetweliveontoavoidasixthextinction.Activity2Careful-readingfordetailsⅠ.Readparagraph1anddothefollowingexercises.1．Readthefirstparagraphandfillintheblanks.(1)Meaningofextinction：Extinctionsarewhereentirespeciesarewipedout，whicharenotunusualinourEarth’shistory.(2)Thenumberofextinctionsthathaveoccurredsofar：Inthepast500millionyears，therehavebeenfivetimesextinctions，inwhichover90%ofallspeciesthateverlivedarenowextinct.(3)Twonotableextinctionsandtheirconsequences：thethirdmassextinction，knownasthe“GreatDying”，whichkilled90%to96%ofallspecies；thefifthevent，whichoccurred66millionyearsago，causedthedeathofthedinosaurs.(4)WhichofthefollowingisNOTincludedinthecausesforthelastfiveextinctions?A．Globalwarming.B．Volcaniceruptions.C．Humanactivity.D．Thedecreaseoftheoxygencontentofthesea.答案C2．WhichwritingmethodisNOTusedinthisparagraph?A．Givingdata.B．Analyzingcauseandeffect.C．Makingcomparison.D．Arranginginthetimeorder.答案D3．Paraphrasethefollowingsentence.ManyscientistssaywearenowenteringtheEarth’ssixthmassextinction.Thistimehumanactivitywillbetoblame.答案Manyscientistsholdtheideathatweareabouttogothroughthesixthextinctionwhichhumanactivityshouldberesponsiblefor.Ⅱ.Readparagraph2anddothefollowingexercises.1．Whatdidscientistsfindoutin2015?答案Theyfoundthathumanactivityiscausingspeciestodieout1,000timesfasterthannormal.2．Whatarethereasonswhysomanyspeciesaredyingout?答案Thereasonsarevaried，suchasairandwaterpollution，forestsbeingdestroyed，factoryfarmingandoverfishing.3．Whichsentenceinthisparagraphcanreplacethefollowingone?WhatisobviousisthatourhumanactivityhashadanegativeinfluenceonallotherspeciesonEarth，suchasanimalsandplants.答案ItisclearthathumanactivityhasnegativelyaffectedallotherspeciesonEarth，includinganimalsandplants.Ⅲ.Readparagraph3anddothefollowingexercises.1．Whatwouldhappenifasixthmassextinctionoccurs?·Upto(1)threequartersofallspeciesonEarthcoulddieout.·Humanswouldalsobe(2)atriskofdyingout，becauseourworldandlivesdependon(3)thebalanceinnature.2．Paraphrasethefollowingsentence.Withoutforests，wewouldhavenoairtobreathe，andwithoutcleanwaterwewouldbeunabletosurvive.答案Iftherewerenoforests，wewouldnotbreathe；iftherewerenocleanwater，wewoulddie.Ⅳ.Readparagraph4anddothefollowingexercises.1．Whatisthepurposeofthelastparagraph?A．CallonpeopletoprotecttheEarth.B．Blamepeoplefordestroyingtheenvironment.C．Urgethegovernmenttotakeaction.D．Warnthepublictoreducetheirdestructivebehaviour.答案A2．Whatshouldwedotoprotecttheearth?·takestepstosave(1)endangeredspecies·changethewaywe(2)workandtravelbyusingcleaner，morenaturalsourcesofenergy·improvefarmingmethodsto(3)reducewater，airandlandpollution3．Whatrhetoricaldevices(修辞手法)doestheauthoruseinthisparagraph?A．Metaphor(暗喻)．B．Personification(拟人)．C．Overstatement(夸张)．D．Parallelconstruction(排比)．答案DⅤ.ReadtheCaseStudyanddothefollowingexercises.1．Whatdidpeopledotoprotectblackrobins?·Wildlifeworkersbegan(1)aprogrammeforraisingblackrobinchicks.·They(2)protectedOldBlue’seggs，helpedthemto(3)hatchandtookcareoftheir(4)chicks.·They(5)restoredtheirhabitatsand(6)removedsmallanimalsthathuntthemfromtheislandswheretheylive.2．Whatistheeffectoftheirefforts?In1980Therewereonly(1)5blackrobinsleftintheworld，onlyoneofwhichwasableto(2)layeggs.NowTherearemorethan(3)250blackrobinsandthe(4)populationisstillspreading.3.WhichclaimdidtheCaseStudysupportinthetext?A．Humanscandowhatevertheywant.B．Theblackrobinsaresuccessfullysavedfromextinction.C．Itishumanactivitythathasaffectedthespeciesnegatively.D．It’snevertoolatetotakeactiontoprotecttheenvironment.答案DActivity1SummaryExtinctions，whereentirespeciesarewipedout，arenotunusualinourEarth’shistory.Infact，over90percentofallspecies1.thateverlivedarenowextinct.Inthelast500millionyears，there2.havebeen(be)fivetimeswhenlifeonEarthhasalmostended,3.including(include)thethirdmassextinction，knownasthe“GreatDying”．Thereasonsforextinctionsare4.varied/various(vary)．ManyscientistssaywearenowenteringtheEarth’ssixthmassextinction.Thistime，humanactivitywillbe5.toblame(blame)．A2015studybyscientistsfoundthathumanactivityiscausingspeciestodieout1,000times6.faster(fast)thannormal.7.WhatisclearisthathumanactivityhasnegativelyaffectedallotherspeciesonEarth，includinganimalsandplants.Ifasixthmassextinction8.occurs(occur)，scientistswhohavestudiedtheissuebelievethatuptothreequartersofallspeciesonEarthcoulddieoutandwewouldalsobe9.atriskofdyingout.Inshort，ifwewanttosurvive，weneedtostop10.destroying(destroy)theplanetthatweliveonandstarttoprotectit.Activity2Analyzethecomplexsentences1．Theseincludethethirdmassextinction，knownasthe“GreatDying”，whichkilled90%to96%ofallspecies.[句式分析]此句是主从复合句。which引导非限制性定语从句；knownasthe“GreatDying”是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰先行词extinction，相当于定语从句。[自主翻译]这其中包括称为“大灭绝”的第三次灭绝，那期间90%至96%的物种灭亡了。2．Althoughitisnotunusualforspeciestodieoutnaturally，therateatwhichthisisnowhappeningiscauseforconcern.[句式分析]此句是主从复合句。Although引导让步状语从句；主句中包含一个由“介词＋which”引导的定语从句，其先行词是rate。[自主翻译]虽然物种的自然灭绝并不罕见，但现在灭绝的速度让人担忧。3．ItisclearthathumanactivityhasnegativelyaffectedallotherspeciesonEarth，includinganimalsandplants.[句式分析]此句是主从复合句。that引导主语从句；It作形式主语。[自主翻译]显然，人类活动对地球上所有其他物种产生了负面影响，包括动物和植物。4．Ifasixthmassextinctionoccurs，scientistswhohavestudiedtheissuebelievethatuptothreequartersofallspeciesonEarthcoulddieout.[句式分析]此句是主从复合句。If引导条件状语从句；主句中的who引导定语从句，修饰先行词scientists；that引导宾语从句，作谓语动词believe的宾语。[自主翻译]研究该问题的科学家们相信，如果发生第六次灭绝，地球上多达四分之三的物种有可能灭绝。5．Thiswouldmeanwehavetosignificantlychangethewaywelive.[句式分析]此句是主从复合句。mean后是省略that的宾语从句；welive是定语从句，其先行词是theway，省略了引导词that/inwhich。[自主翻译]这意味着我们必须极大地改变我们的生活方式。Ⅰ.阅读理解AAcompanyinSanFrancisco，California，hasfoundawaytoturnusedplasticbottlesintowomen’sshoes.Everyday，millionsofAmericansdrinkwaterandotherliquidsfromplasticbottles.Morethan60millionofthemarethrownawayeachday.Manyoftheplasticbottlesendupinlandfillsorareburnedwithotherwasteproducts.ASanFranciscostart-upcompanycalledRothy’s，however，turnsthisplasticwasteintoenvironmentallyfriendlyshoes.RothMartinisthecompany’sco-founder.Heexplainshowtheyturnplasticintosoftmaterialforwomen’sfeet.Theytaketheplastic，cleanit，andbreakitdownintosmallpieces.Thentheypressthemthroughadevicethatmakessoftfibers.Thosefibersarethencombinedtogether.Thisisdonebya3Dmachine.Itisdesignedtoreducewastewhilemakingtheshoes.Theknittedstuffandtheinnerpartoftheshoearethenattachedtotheshoe’souterpart，calledthesole(鞋底)．Thisoutersoleisalsomadefromenvironmentallyfriendlymaterial：responsiblysourcedno-carbonrubber.Rothy’sshoesaresoldonline.Theyareflatshoes，witheitheraroundedorpointedtoe.Theycomeindifferentcolorsanddesigns.Theycosteither$125or$145perpair，dependingonthedesign.AfterAmericanactressGwynethPaltrowdiscoveredthemlastyear，thedemandfortheshoesgrew.Martinsaysthereisnoshortageofmaterialtofillthatdemand.“We’renotgoingtorunoutofwaterbottlesanytimesoon.Sowehavealimitlesssupplyofmaterial，andIthinkthatisagoodsignforourfuture.”Whentheenvironmentallyfriendlyshoeswearout，customerscanreturnthematnocosttoacompanythatusestherecycledmaterialstomakeotherproducts.Fornow，theshoesareonlyavailabletobeshippedintheUnitedStates.However，thecompanysaysitwilladdinternationalshippinginthenearfuture.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一种回收塑料垃圾的新方法。1．Howareusedplasticbottlesusuallydealtwith?A．Theyareburiedorburned.B．Theyareusedtomakeshoes.C．Theyarechangedintosoftmaterial.D．Theyarereturnedtofactoriesforreuse.答案A解析细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知，废弃塑料瓶的处理方法是被掩埋或焚烧。故选A。2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“knitted”inthethirdparagraphmean?A．Attached. B．Fixed.C．Combined. D．Repaired.答案C解析词义猜测题。根据第三段中“Thosefibersarethencombinedtogether.”以及“Theknittedstuffandtheinnerpartoftheshoearethenattachedtotheshoe’souterpart”可知，theknittedstuff就是指“结合在一起的纤维”，由此可以猜测knitted的意思应与combined意思一致。故选C。3．WhichofthefollowingdirectlyhelpedtoincreasethesalesofRothy’sshoes?A．Thedesignandcolor.B．Thereasonableprice.C．Thecompany’sadvertisement.D．ThestarpowerofGwynethPaltrow.答案D解析细节理解题。根据第四段第五句可知，在美国女演员GwynethPaltrow穿过这种鞋子后，需求量大增。即GwynethPaltrow的明星魅力直接导致Rothy的鞋子销量大增。故选D。4．Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A．Toadvertiseanewkindofshoes.B．Todescribetheprocessofmakingshoes.C．Tointroduceanewwayofrecyclingplasticwaste.D．Tostresstheimportanceofenvironmentalprotection.答案C解析写作意图题。根据第一段及全文内容可知，本文是为了介绍一种回收塑料垃圾的新方法。故选C。B(2023·湖北四地七校高二上期中联考)ZhuDejun’sfirstjobaftergraduatingfromcollegewasasaroaddesignengineerataninstituteinhishometown，AlashanLeague，NorthChina’sInnerMongoliaautonomousregion.In2011，whenZhuwasconductingaroadsurveyalongwithhiscolleagues，hesawaplantthathedidn’trecognize.Later，Zhulearnedthattheplantwasasaxaultreewhichisanexcellenttreespeciesforsandfixationandafforestation(造林)indesertareas.It’scommonlyseen，thougheasilyignored.Knownasadesertguardian，afullygrownsaxaultreecanholdtogethera10-square-meterpatchofdesertland，accordingtoZhu.Zhuquithisjobatthedesigninstitutein2014andjoinedanonprofitorganization，theSocietyofEntrepreneursandEcologyConservation，orSEE，inthesameyear，concentratingontacklingdesertification.Theorganization，devotedtoecologicalprotectionandsocialresponsibility，waslocatedintheAlashanLeagueofInnerMongolia.Duringthepasteightyears，ZhuhasbeenleadingateamfromSEEtoplantsaxaultreesinsandyareasinAlashanLeagueandotherplacesofInnerMongolia.In2014，theSEElaunchedaprojecttitled“onehundredmillionsaxaultrees”，aimingtoreachthatnumberfrom2014to2023，turningthedesertofmorethan133,330hectaresbackintoasatisfyingecosystem.Bytheendof2018，halfoftheorganization’sgoalhadbeenachieved.In2016，AntFinancecooperatedwithSEEtointroducetheAntForestplatform，notonlyencouragingpeopletochoose“alow-carbonway”ofshopping，travelingandliving，butalsotohelpcontroldesertification.Throughtheparticipationofagreaternumberofonlineusers，whogrowvirtualtrees，theSEEFoundation，setupin2008，hasbeenprovidingsubsidies(补助金)forlocalherdsmenandfarmerswhilealsoofferingtechnologicalsupporttoplantsaxaultreesindesertareas.Now，Zhuistheheadofthefoundation’sprojecttofightdesertification.Healsogiveslecturesaboutsaxaultreesandthefightagainstdesertificationatschools，hopingtoraiseawarenessamongyoungpeople.语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了朱德军以及他的同事们种植梭梭树，努力对抗沙漠化，保护环境的故事。5．WhatdidZhuDejundofirstaftergraduation?A．Heresearchedonsaxaultrees.B．Hejoinedanonprofitorganization.C．Hefoundwaystofightdesertification.D．Hefocusedonroaddesignengineering.答案D解析细节理解题。根据文章第一段第一句中的“ZhuDejun’sfirstjobaftergraduatingfromcollegewasasaroaddesignengineerataninstitute”可知，朱德军毕业后做的第一份工作是道路设计工程师。6．WhyaresaxaultreesplantedbyZhu’steam?A．Theyareeasilytakencareof.B．Theycangrowfastindeserts.C．Theyareperfectforholdingwater.D．Theycanfightdesertificationeffectively.答案D解析推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的“theplantwasasaxaultree...canholdtogethera10-square-meterpatchofdesertland”可知，梭梭树是帮助固沙造林的树种，可以有效地防治沙漠化。7．WhatdidSEEdotocontroldesertification?A．TheyteamedupwithAntFinance.B．Theyplantedonehundredmillionsaxaultrees.C．Theyheldonlinelecturesondesertification.D．Theyencourageddonationfromonlineusers.答案A解析细节理解题。根据文章第五段内容可知，SEE与蚂蚁金融合作发起了蚂蚁森林平台来控制沙漠化。8．HowcanonlineusershelpZhu’steam?A．Byprovidingsubsidies.B．Byraisingawareness.C．Byplantingtreesonline.D．Byofferingtechnologicalsupport.答案C解析细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“Throughtheparticipationofagreaternumberofonlineusers，whogrowvirtualtrees”可知，网络用户可以在网上种植虚拟树来参与保护活动。Ⅱ.完形填空(2023·浙江A9协作体高二上期中联考)Itwasacold，rainyday，andIhadnodesiretodriveupthewindingmountainroadtomydaughterCarolyn’shouse.Butshe1thatIcometoseesomethingatthetopofthemountain.SohereIwas，2makingthetwo-hourjourneythroughthickfog.Nothingcouldbeworththis，IthoughtasI3alongthedangeroushighway.Turningdownanarrowtrack，we4andgotout.Wewalkedalongapaththatwasthickwitholdpineneedles.Hugeblack-greenevergreens(常青树)5overus.Gradually，thepeaceandsilenceoftheplacebeganto6mymind.ThenweturnedacornerandstoppedatthetopofthemountainandIwasentirelyheldin7.Thereacrossfieldsandvalleyswereriversoffully-openedyellowflowersfromthelightonetothemostbrilliant.Itlookedasthoughthesunhadtippedoverand8themountainsideingold.9occurredtomymind.Whocreatedsuchbeauty？How？When？Asweapproachedthehousethatstoodinthecenteroftheproperty，wesawa10thatread：“AnswerstotheQuestionsIKnowYouAreAsking.”Thefirstanswerwas：“OneWoman—TwoHands，TwoFeetandVeryLittleBrain.”Thesecondwas：“11ataTime.”Thethird：“Startedin1958.”Aswedrovehome，IwassomovedbywhatwehadseenthatIcould12speak.“Shechangedtheworld，”Ifinallysaid，“onesmallplantatatime.Shestartedalmost40yearsago，probablyjustthe13ofanidea，butshekeptatit.”Thewonderofitwouldnotletmego.“Imagine，”Isaid，“ifI’dhadadreamand14it，justalittlebiteveryday，whatmightIhaveaccomplished？”Carolynlookedatmesideways，smiling.“Starttomorrow，”shesaid，“15yet，starttoday.”语篇解读本文为记叙文。作者跟女儿来到山顶，看到满山的鲜花，作者被眼前的景色惊呆了。得知这是一位女士多年努力的结果，作者感受颇深：如果我有一个梦想，并为之努力，每天努力一点，我会取得什么样的成就呢？1．A.asked B．commandedC．insisted D．predicted答案C解析ask问；command命令；insist坚持；predict预测。根据上文的“...Ihadnodesiretodriveupthewindingmountainroadto...”和空格前的“But”可知，是女儿的坚持才让作者跟女儿去山顶。故选C项。2．A.unwillingly B．undoubtedlyC．unknowingly D．unexpectedly答案A解析unwillingly不情愿地；undoubtedly毫无疑问地；unknowingly不知不觉地；unexpectedly出乎意料地。根据下文的“Nothingcouldbeworththis，IthoughtasIalongthedangeroushighway.”可知，作者是不情愿来这儿的。故选A项。3．A.walked B．inchedC．wandered D．fled答案B解析walk步行；inch缓慢移动；wander游荡；flee逃离。根据下文的“thedangeroushighway”可知，作者在这条危险的路上开得很慢。故选B项。4．A.pulledover B．steppeddownC．lookedup D．turnedoff答案A解析pullover靠边停车；stepdown走下；lookup抬起头来；turnoff关闭。根据下文的“gotout”可知，作者把车停下了。故选A项。5．A.greeted B．flowedC．reached D．towered答案D解析greet打招呼；flow流动；reach到达；tower高于。根据句意和下文的“overus”可知，这些树是高耸在作者和女儿的头顶上。故选D项。6．A.admit B．fillC．control D．read答案B解析admit承认；fill填充；control控制；read读取。根据句意和空格后的“mymind”可知，此处是指这个地方的平静和寂静开始充斥着作者的脑海。故选B项。7．A.amazement B．curiosityC．amusement D．confusion答案A解析amazement惊讶；curiosity好奇心；amusement娱乐；confusion混乱。根据下一句“Thereacrossfieldsandvalleyswereriversoffully-openedyellowflowersfromthelightonetothemostbrilliant.”可知，作者被这儿的景色惊呆了。故选A项。8．A.pushed B．movedC．swung D．bathed答案D解析push推动；move移动；swing摆动；bath沐浴。根据上文的“tippedover”和下文的“ingold”可知，此处指山坡被笼罩在阳光里。故选D项。9．A.Doubts B．IdeasC．Questions D．Requests答案C解析doubt疑问；idea想法；question问题；request请求。根据下文的“Whocreatedsuchbeauty？How？When？”可知，作者的脑海中出现了一些问题。故选C项。10．A.signal B．symbolC．symptom D．sign答案D解析signal信号；symbol符号；symptom症状；sign标牌。根据空格后的“...thatread：‘AnswerstotheQuestionsIKnowYouAreAsking.’”可知，此处说的应该是标牌上的内容。故选D项。11．A.Each B．SomeC．One D．That答案C解析each每个；some一些；one一个；that那个。根据下一段的“onesmallplantatatime”可知，此处指的是每次种一棵。故选C项。12．A.surely B．barelyC．mostly D．instantly答案B解析surely当然；barely几乎不；mostly主要地；instantly立即。根据上文的“Aswedrovehome，Iwassomovedbywhatwehadseenthat...”可知，此处指的是作者感动得几乎说不出话来。故选B项。13．A.beginning B．intentionC．ending D．absence答案A解析beginning开始；intention意图；ending结束；absence缺席。根据句意和句中的“started”以及“keptatit”可知，此处指的是可能开始只是一个想法，但她坚持了下来。故选A项。14．A.setoff B．workedoutC．setdown D．workedat答案D解析setoff出发；workout制定；setdown放下；workat致力于。句中的“it”指的是上文的“dream”，workatthedream指的是为梦想而努力。故选D项。15．A.Later B．Better