2024年人教版高二英语讲义（选择性必第三册）Unit 3 Environmental Protection：Period 3 Reading For Writing（学案）(解析版)

选择性必修第三册Unit3EnvironmentalProtectionPeriod3ReadingForWriting001预习导学Ⅰ.单词认读关(先填后记诵)一、基础词汇记其形1.

____________

vt.

恢复；使复原；修复2.

____________

n.

对（环境、文物等）保护；保持3.____________

n.

（一）打；十二个4.____________

许多；很多5.____________

vt.

对……处以罚款_6.

____________

n.

运动；战役

vi.

&

vt.

参加运动；领导运动7.

____________

vt.

忍受；包容；容许1.

restore

vt.

恢复；使复原；修复2.

conservation

n.

对（环境、文物等）保护；保持3.

dozen

n.

（一）打；十二个4.

dozensof

许多；很多5.

fine

vt.

对……处以罚款6.

campaign

n.

运动；战役

vi.

&

vt.

参加运动；领导运动7.

tolerate

vt.

忍受；包容；容许二、核心词汇记中变1.conservevt.保存→____________n.对(环境、文物等)保护；保持2.regulatevt.约束，控制，管理；调节→____________n.监管者；监管机构→____________n.章程；规章制度3.disposevt.处理；清除→____________n.去掉；清除；处理→____________adj.一次性的；用完即丢弃的4.inspectvt.检查；视察；检阅→____________n.检查；查看；视察→____________n.检查员；巡视员5.toleratevt.忍受；包容；容许→____________adj.宽容的；容忍的→____________n.容忍1.conservevt.保存→conservationn.对(环境、文物等)保护；保持2.regulatevt.约束，控制，管理；调节→regulatorn.监管者；监管机构→regulationn.章程；规章制度3.disposevt.处理；清除→disposaln.去掉；清除；处理→disposableadj.一次性的；用完即丢弃的4.inspectvt.检查；视察；检阅→inspectionn.检查；查看；视察→inspectorn.检查员；巡视员5.toleratevt.忍受；包容；容许→tolerantadj.宽容的；容忍的→tolerancen.容忍三、阅读词汇识其义1.

volume

n.

____________________2.

garbage

n.

____________________3.

enterprise

n.

____________________4.

regulation

n.

____________________5.

disposal

n.

____________________6.

inspection

n.

____________________7.

waterway

n.

____________________8.

agenda

n.

____________________1.

volume

n.

量；体积；（成套书籍中的）一卷2.

garbage

n.

垃圾；废物3.

enterprise

n.

公司；企业；事业4.

regulation

n.

章程；规章制度5.

disposal

n.

去掉；清除；处理6.

inspection

n.

检查；查看；视察7.

waterway

n.

水道；航道8.

agenda

n.

议程表；议事日程Ⅱ.语块记诵关(先填后记诵)

1.________________旅游胜地

2________________扔垃圾

3.________________越来愈多的游客

4.________________工商企业

5.________________恢复这河的本美

6.________________采取紧急措施

7.________________建造废水处理设施

8.________________许多;很多

9.________________制定规章制度

10.________________进行检查

11.________________因(做)某事而处罚某人/机构

12.________________子孙后代

13.________________在实施中;生效;实际上

14.________________开始生效/实施

15.________________迈向可持续的未来16.________________容忍这情形

1.atouristdestination 旅游胜地

2.throwgarbage 扔垃圾

3.anincreasingvolumeoftourists 越来愈多的游客

4.commercialandindustrialenterprises 工商企业

5.restoretheriver’soriginalbeauty 恢复这河的本美

6.takeanurgentstep/measure 采取紧急措施

7.constructthewastewatertreatmentfacilities 建造废水处理设施

8.dozensof 许多;很多

9.setuparegulation 制定规章制度

10.carryoutaninspection 进行检查

11.finesb/sthfor(doing)sth 因(做)某事而处罚某人/机构

12.generationstocome 子孙后代

13.ineffect 在实施中;生效;实际上

14.comeintoeffect\takeeffect 开始生效/实施

15.headtowardasustainablefuture 迈向可持续的未来16.toleratethesituation 容忍这情形Ⅲ.佳句赏析关1.Previously，waterqualityintheLiRiverhadsufferedgreatlyfromanincreasingvolumeoftourists，manyofwhomfrequentlythrewgarbageintotheriver.(“名词/代词/数词＋of＋whom”引导定语从句)以往，漓江的水质因为游客量的增长遭到了严重破坏，一些游客频繁将垃圾扔入江中。2.Localofficialswereconcernedthatthepollutionwasdamagingthenaturalenvironmentandfeltthaturgentstepsshouldbetakentorestoretheriver’soriginalbeauty.(并列宾语从句)当地官员担心污染正在破坏自然环境，感到应该采取紧急措施恢复河流原有的美丽。3.Withthesemeasures，itisbelievedthatthebeautyoftheLiRiverwillbepreservedforgenerationstocome.(Itisbelievedthat...)有了这些措施，人们相信，漓江的美会被保留下来给后代。002语篇理解Step1Pre­readingLead-inWhatdoyouknowabouttheLiRiver?Haveyoueverbeenthere?LookatthepicturesandwhathadhappenedtotheLiRiver?DidyouknowtheLiRiverhadbeenoncepolluted?ReducingWaterPollutionintheLiRiver.Step2While­readingTask1:ReadandFind(wordsandlexicalchunks)ReducingWaterPollutionintheLiRiverThebeautifulLiRiveranditsamazingsurroundingsceneryis①________________________(最著名的旅游胜地之一)inChina’sGuangxiZhuangAutonomousRegion.Itattractsmillionsofdomesticandforeignvisitorseachyear.Howeveritsreputationasatopdestination②__________________________(对……产生了负面影响)theriver’swaterquality.Thisreport③_______________(着眼于)theproblemofwaterpollutionandsomeactionsthathavebeentakentodealwithit.Previously,waterqualityintheLiRiverhadsufferedgreatlyfromanincreasingvolumeoftourists,manyofwhomfrequently④________________________(把垃圾扔进江中).Manytourboats⑤_______________(导致)theproblemtoo.Kitchensonboardwereusinglotsofoil,whichwasoftenthrownintothewater.⑥_____________________(旅游业的增长)alsomeantthelocalpopulationroserapidly,aswellasthenumberofcommercialandindustrialenterprises.Waterpollutionlevelsincreased,withmorehouseholdandcommercialwaste⑦__________________(最终流入河中).Inordertofeedmorepeople,⑧______________________(使用更多的化学药品)toincreasecropproduction.Thesechemicals⑨________________________(导致严重的水质问题),causingadecreaseinthenumberoffishspecies.Localofficialswereconcernedthatthepollutionwasdamagingthenaturalenvironmentandfeltthat⑩______________________________________________(应当采取紧急措施)torestoretheriver’soriginalbeauty.Acomprehensiveinitiativewasstarted,withanumberofmeasuresthat⑪_______________________(解决这些问题).Theconstructionof⑫___________________________(污水处理设施)improvedthewaterqualityandwaterconservation.Thecollectionandtransportofhouseholdwastewasalsoimproved.⑬____________________________(数十家污染企业被关闭)ormoved.Thelocalgovernment⑭________________________(制定了严格的规定)regardingfurtherindustrialdevelopment.Newruleswerealsointroducedregardingtourboatroutesand⑮________________(垃圾处理方法).Furthermore,thelocalauthoritiesbegantousethemediato⑯_____________________(宣传环境意识)andencouragegreateruseofcleanenergy.Atthesametime,theystartedto⑰_____________________(进行定期检查)andfinetouristorganisationsforabuses.Withthesemeasures,itisbelievedthatthebeautyoftheLiRiverwillbepreservedforgenerationstocome.Inaddition,theambitious⑱______________(“水十条”)isalsonowtacklingwaterpollutionacrossthecountry.Otherinitiatives,suchasthe⑲_______________(“河长制”),holdseniorofficialsresponsibleforreducingwaterpollution.Withsuchcampaignsineffect,China’swaterwaysareheadingtowardsacleanandsustainablefuture.答案oneofthemostwell-knowntouristdestinationshashadnegativeeffectsonlooksatthrewgarbageintotherivercontributedtoThegrowthintourismendingupintherivermorechemicalswereusedledtoseverewaterqualityissuesurgentstepsshouldbetakenaddressedtheissueswastewatertreatmentfacilitiesDozensofpollutingenterpriseswereclosedsetupstrictregulationsgarbagedisposalmethodsspreadenvironmentalawarenesscarryoutinspectionsregularly“WaterTenPlan”“RiverChiefSystem”Task2:ReadandThinkAnalyzetheorganizationandsumupthemainideaofeachparagraph.Paragraph1:IntroducingthetopicLiRiversuffersfromwaterpollutionduetotourismParagraph2:DescribingthewaterpollutionThrowgarbage;growthoftourism;cookingoil;chemicalsParagraph3:Presentingsomeactionstreatmentfacilities;improve;close;setup,introduce,spread,carryout,fineParagraph4:Presentingfurtheractions“WaterTenPlan”&“RiverChiefSystem”Step3SummaryParagraph1Paragraph2Paragraph3Paragraph4IntroducingthetopicDescribingtheproblemPresentingsomesolutionsPresentingfurthersolutionsStep4Writing为迎接世界环境日的到来，我校英语社团举行征稿活动，要求我们就身边的环境问题以及建议的解决方案写一份英文报告，登在校报英语栏目。现在很多家庭都有宠物，但因为宠物饲养特别是宠物狗不断给居民带来麻烦，这个问题非常突出，确实该引起重视。Brainstorm:HowtowriteareportonanenvironmentalissueParagraph1__________Paragraph2__________Paragraph3__________Paragraph4__________参考答案Paragraph1Topickeeppets;dangerous,havenegativeeffectsParagraph2Problemgrabthepaths,stepinit,runamok,threats,exercisedogs,dogfights,poopeverywhereParagraph3Measurestakesomemeasures,keepthedogonarope,pickupthemess,theguidelines,fine,impoundParagraph4Furthersolutionsastrictcontrol,alongtermsolution,permits,aspecificareaFinishthedraftPara.1Withtheimprovementofpeople’slivingstandard,__________(养宠物)isbecomingpopular.Inmylocalcommunitythere’sarealproblemwithdogs.Toomanypeoplenowkeepthemaspets.Smallones,bigones,cuteonesand____________(危险的)ones.They_______________________(产生了负面影响)onresident’slife.keepingpets;dangerous,havehadnegativeeffectsPara.2Inourcompoundthedogsareconstantly________________(抢占路面)andit’salmostpossibleto__________(踩着它们)sometime.Thebeastsoften___________(胡作非为)andare__________(威胁)toyoungchildren.Oftenregulargroupsofownersmeetto_______________(遛狗)andoftenthereare___________(小狗打架).Themajorityofownersdon’tactresponsiblysothatthedogs_______________(到处拉便)overourcommunity.Alotofgreenpublicareasandfacilitieswereoriginallyestablishedfortheyoungandoldtoenjoy,buttheseareasalsoattractdogsandtheirowners,______makesthemlessattractivefornon-dogowners.grabbingthepaths,stepinthem,runamok,threats,exercisethedogs,dogfights,poopeverywhere,whichPara.3_______________________________________(物业部门采取了一些措施).Someguidelinesareintroduced,suchasaskingtheownersto___________________(用绳拴住狗)and__________________(收拾狗便)madebytheirlittledarlings.Theseare_____________(无效的)attimesasthepopulationofdogsisincreasingand______________(指导方针)areignoredbyowners.Themanagementofficestartedto___________________(实施检查)regularlyand_______(罚款)thosewhoignoretheguidelines.Dogsnotonaleashshould______________(被没收).Themanagementofficehastakensomemeasures,keepthedogonarope,pickingupthemess,theguidelines,carryoutinspections,fine,beimpoundedPara.4Inthefuturethereshouldbe_________________(严格控制)onthenumberofdogs._______________________(长期解决方案)isthattheresponsibleownersarepermittedtokeepdogs.Inaddition,_______________________________(设定特定区域)fordogwalking.Onlyinthiswaycanourcommunitybecomeabetterplaceforeveryonetoenjoy.astrictcontrol,alongtermsolution,aspecificareashouldbesetup范文PetsorpestsWiththeimprovementofpeople’slivingstandard,keepingpetsisbecomingpopular.Inmylocalcommunitythere’sarealproblemwithdogs.Toomanypeoplenowkeepthemaspets.Smallones,bigones,cuteonesanddangerousones.Theyhavehadnegativeeffectsonresident’slife.Inourcompoundthedogsareconstantlygrabbingthepathsandit’salmostpossibletostepinthemsometime.Thebeastsoftenrunamokandarethreatstoyoungchildren.Oftenregulargroupsofownersmeettoexercisethedogsandoftentherearedogfights.Themajorityofownersdon’tactresponsiblysothatthedogspoopeverywhereoverourcommunity.Alotofgreenpublicareasandfacilitieswereoriginallyestablishedfortheyoungandoldtoenjoy,buttheseareasalsoattractdogsandtheirowners,whichmakesthemlessattractivefornon-dogowners.Themanagementofficehastakensomemeasures.Someguidelinesareintroduced,suchasaskingtheownerstokeepthedogonaropeandpickingupthemessmadebytheirlittledarlings.Theseareineffectiveattimesasthepopulationofdogsisincreasingandtheguidelinesareignoredbytheowners.Themanagementofficestartedtocarryoutinspectionsregularlyandfinethosewhoignoretheguidelines.Dogsnotonaleashshouldbeimpounded.Inthefuturethereshouldbeastrictcontrolonthenumberofdogs.Alongtermsolutionisthattheresponsibleownersarepermittedtokeepdogs.Inaddition,aspecificareashouldbesetupfordogwalking.Onlyinthiswaycanourcommunitybecomeabetterplaceforeveryonetoenjoy.Step4Homework1.Recitethepossibleversion.(Petsorpests)2.Yourownpossibleversionaboutlitteringintheclassroom.(Optional)3.Project:Prepareanenvironmentalproposal.(Optional)003语言学习Part1核心词汇lookat看；浏览；检查、察看；(为了作决定而)仔细考虑、研究；思考；着眼于【学以致用】写出下列句中lookat的意思。Youshouldgetthedoctortolookatyourwound._________WouldyoumindlookingatmyreporttoseeifI’vemadeanyerrors?_________Thecompanyislookingatwaystoreducewaste._________检查、察看，看看，寻找volumeU音量C&U(巨大的、正在增加的)量、总量C容量、容积、体积C(书)卷、册【学以致用】写出下列句中volume的意思。Canyouturnthevolumeup?_________ThevolumeoftrafficontheroadsisincreasingastheSpringFestivalisapproaching._________Thelibraryhasalargevolumeofbooksonhistory._________Thevolumeofthecontainermeasures10,000cubicmetres._________音量，量、总量，大量的历史书籍，容量contributetovt.&vi.捐助；把……用于……;撰稿、投稿vi.促成、造成【学以致用】单句语法填空Volunteerscontributetheirtime_________helpingthoseinneed.Alcohol_________100,000deathsayearintheUS.to,contributestoendup(后接-ing或介词短语等)(经历意外后)最终处于……(状态、处境、结果)【学以致用】单句语法填空Mostslimmersendup_________(put)weightbackon.JoeBiddenmaynotendup_________thenextPresidentofUSA.putting,asregardingprep.(=concerning,withregardto)关于、至于【用法归纳】分词介词：assuming,including,concerning,considering,respecting,excluding,given,provided【学以致用】单句语法填空Callmeifyouhaveanyproblems_________(regard)yourwork.Ihaveaquestion_________(regard)yourearliercomments.Theteachertalkedtothestudents_________(regard)theirhomework.regarding,regarding,regarding6.toleratevt.忍受；包容；容许→tolerancen.宽恕；忍耐；容忍→tolerantadj.忍耐的；宽容的【用法归纳】tolerate(sb)doingsth容忍/忍受(某人)做某事betolerantof/towardssb/sth容忍/宽容某人/某事【学以致用】单句语法填空/补全句子①Ifneighborswanttogetalongwellwitheachother，theyhavetoshowtheir_________(tolerate).②Insteadofblamingthechild，shegavehima_________(tolerate)smileandlethimgo.③___________________________________，acampaignistobelaunchedtomakestudentsrealizetheimportanceofhonesty.(倡议书)由于无法容忍学生在考试中作弊，我们将发起一场活动让学生意识到诚信的重要性。tolerance,tolerant,AswecannottoleratestudentscheatinginexamsPart2核心句型Waterpollutionlevelsincreased，withmorehouseholdandcommercialwasteendingupintheriver.水污染水平上升，更多的家庭和商业废物最终流入河中。【解析】with复合结构构成：with+宾语+宾补句法功能：常在句中作状语，表示原因、方式、时间、条件或伴随等。（1）with+宾语+形容词Welayinbedwiththewindowopen，chewinggum.（2）with+宾语+副词Shewentouttobuyvinegar，withthetelevisionon.（3）with+宾语+现在分词（表示主动或正在进行）Iwasnearlyfrozenwiththefreezingwindblowing.（4）with+宾语+过去分词（表示被动或已经完成）Withalltheworkfinished，hehurriedtothemall.（5）with+宾语+动词不定式（表示尚未发生）Withsomanycurtainstomake，Ican’tgoonholiday.（6）with+宾语+介词短语Hecameinwithaneedleinhishand.【学以致用】单句语法填空（1）Withairpollution__________（get）worse,thegovernmentneedstocomeupwithsomeeffectivemeasurestodealwithit.（2）Withalotofproblems__________（settle),Ican’tgoskatingwithyou.（3）Witheverythingsheneeded__________(buy),shewenthomehappily.（4）Theoldcoupleoftentakeawalkaftersupperintheparkwiththeirpetdog__________（follow）them.（5）Thelivingroomiscleanandtidy，withadiningtablealready__________（lay）foramealtobecooked.【答案】getting,tosettle,bought,following,laidUrgentstepsshouldbetakentorestoretheriver’soriginalbeauty.必须采取紧急措施以恢复漓江昔日之美。【解析】（sb）takesteps/measures/actionstodosth.（主动句型）（某人）采取措施做某事（steps/measures/actions）betakentodosth.（被动句型）采取措施做某事【学以致用】翻译我们应该采取紧急措施以改善水质。________________________________________________________________________必须采取紧急措施以改善水质。________________________________________________________________________Weshouldtakeurgentstepstoimprovethewaterquality.Urgentstepsshouldbetakentoimprovethewaterquality.3.Withthesemeasures,itisbelievedthatthebeautyoftheLiRiverwillbepreservedforgenerationstocome.有了这些措施，人们相信丽江的美丽将会被保存下来，留给子孙后代。【解析】It+be+过去分词+that...句型常用于此举行的过去分词或短语有believed,said,reported,thought,hoped,suggested,known,estimated,proved,pointedout.【学以致用】翻译______________________agoodeducationisbeneficialtoyoungpeople.人们通常认为良好的教育对年轻人是有益的。______________________themayorwillvisitourschoolnextweek.据报道，市长下周要来参观我们的学校。Itisgenerallybelievedthat,Itisreportedthat【拓展】It做形式主语的其他句型：①It+be+adj.+todosth./从句Itwasprettyhardforhimtobringupthechildonhisown.独自抚养那个孩子对于他来说很难。②It+be+名词词组+todosth./从句Itisapitythatyoudidn’tgotoseethefilmyesterday.你昨天没去看那部电影真遗憾。③It+seems/appears/happens/occurstosb./...+从句Itseemsthatheenjoyspopsongsverymuch.他似乎非常喜欢流行歌曲。④It+takes/tooksb.Sometime+todosth.IttookhimfourteenhourstogotoNewZealandfromShanghaibyplane.从上海乘飞机去新西兰花了他14个小时。⑤Itisnouse/nogood/nopleasure/(no)fun/useless/awasteoftime/...+doingsth.做某事没用处/没好处/没有乐趣/没用处/是浪费时间...Itisnousepretendingyoudidnotknow.你装糊涂是无济于事的。4.Wecanallbreathemorefreelynowthatthenaturalbeautyofourvillagehasbeen...因为我们村庄天然的美已被...,我们都能更自由地呼吸....【解析】Nowthat意为“既然，由于”，用作连词，引导原因状语从句，相当于since。【学以致用】翻译既然来巴黎了，咱们就参观一下埃菲尔铁塔吧。____________________________________________________________________________Nowthatwe’vecometoParis,let’svisittheEiffelTower.004随堂小练Part1动词的形式变化和词形转换1.Theteacherwalkedaroundinspectingthestudents’workandthe__________(inspect)couldmakethemmorefocused.2.Water__________(conserve)issoimportantthatwemustpaymuchattentiontoconservingourdrinkingwater.3.Thepessimisticbusinessmanadvertisedhisgoodsinadishonestway，thusgetting__________(fine).4.Waterpollutionlevelsincreased，withmorehouseholdandcommercialwaste__________(end)upintheriver.5.WithoutmyEnglishteacher’sencouragementandassistance，I__________(give)upstudyingEnglish.6.Policeareadvisingpeople__________(stay)athome.

7.Withsuchcampaigns__________effect,Chinaisgettingstrongerandstronger.

8.Dozens__________milesofrailwaytrackhavebeentornup.

inspection,conservation,fined,ending,wouldhavegiven,tostay,in,ofPart2课文语法填空REDUCINGWATERPOLLUTIONINTHELIRIVERThebeautifulLiRiveranditsamazing__________(surround)sceneryisoneofthemostwell-knowntouristdestinationsinChina’sGuangxiZhuangAutonomousRegion.__________attractsmillionsofdomesticandforeignvisitorseachyear.However,itsreputationasatopdestinationhashadnegativeeffects__________theriver’swaterquality.Thisreportlooksattheproblemofwaterpollutionandsomeactionsthathavebeentaken__________(deal)withit.Previously,waterqualityintheLiRiverhadsufferedgreatlyfroman__________(increase)volumeoftourists,manyof__________frequentlythrewgarbageintotheriver.Manytourboatscontributedtotheproblemtoo.Kitchens__________boardwereusinglotsofoil,whichwasoftenthrownintothewater.Thegrowthintourismalsomeantthelocalpopulationroserapidly,aswellas__________numberofcommercialandindustrialenterprises.Waterpollutionlevelsincreased,__________morehouseholdandcommercialwasteendingupintheriver.Inordertofeedmorepeople,morechemicalswereused__________(increase)cropproduction.Thesechemicalsledtoseverewaterqualityissues,causingadecreaseinthenumberoffishspecies.Local__________(official)wereconcernedthatthepollutionwasdamagingthenaturalenvironment__________feltthaturgentstepsshouldbetakentorestoretheriver’soriginalbeauty.Acomprehensiveinitiativewasstarted,withanumberofmeasures__________addressedtheissues.Theconstructionofwastewatertreatment__________(facility)improvedthewaterqualityandwaterconservation.Thecollectionandtransportofhouseholdwastewasalsoimproved.Dozensof__________(pollute)enterpriseswereclosedormoved.Thelocalgovernmentsetupstrictregulations__________(regard)furtherindustrialdevelopment.Newruleswerealsointroducedregardingtourboatroutesandgarbagedisposalmethods.Furthermore,thelocalauthoritiesbegantousethemediatospread__________(environment)awarenessandencouragegreateruseofcleanenergy.Atthesametime,theystartedtocarryoutinspectionsregularly__________finetouristorganizationsforabuses.Withthesemeasures,itisbelievedthatthebeautyoftheLiRiver__________(preserve)forgenerationstocome.Inaddition,the__________(ambition)“WaterTenPlan”isalsonowtacklingwaterpollutionacrossthecountry.Otherinitiatives,suchasthe“RiverChiefSystem”,holdseniorofficials__________(responsibility)forreducingwaterpollution.Withsuchcampaigns__________effect,China’swaterwaysareheadingtowardsacleanand__________(sustain)future.surrounding,It,on,todeal,increasing,whom,on,the,with,toincrease,officials,and,that,facilities,polluting,regarding,environmental,and,willbepreserved,ambitious,responsible,in,sustainable005培优提升一、阅读理解AForthehistoryoflifeonEarth,organismshavereliedonthelightofthesun,moon,andstarstofindtheirwayandscheduletheirlives.Whilethebeginningofelectriclightinginthelate19thcenturymayhavebenefitedhumans,ithascausedproblemsinthenaturalworld.Amongtheimpactsofartificiallightatnight(ALAN),lightpollutionluresmigratingbirdstocitieswithshockingconsequences,contributestothealarmingdeclineininsectpopulations,andconvincesseaturtlebabiestoamble(缓行)awayfromthewaterinsteadoftowardsit.Now,anewstudyfromtheUniversityofPlymouthaddsanotherdisappointingfindingabouthowALANisaffectingthecreatureswithwhomwesharetheplanet:Lightpollutionfromcoastalcitiescantrickcorals(珊瑚)intoreproducingoutsideoftheoptimumtimeswhentheywouldnormallyreproduce.Usingacombinationoflightpollutiondataandspawning(产卵)observations,researcherswereabletoshowforthefirsttimethatcoralsexposedtoALANarespawningonetothreedaysearlierandclosertothefullmooncomparedtothoseonunlitcorals.“Thatshiftmayreducethesurvivalandfertilizationsuccessofgametes(配子)andgeneticconnectivitybetweennearbylitandunlitcoralsystems,”theyexplain.“Coralsareamongthemostbiodiverse,economicallyimportant,andthreatenedecosystemsontheplanet,”writetheauthorsofthestudy.“Climatechangehasledtomassbleaching(褪色)events.Habitatdestruction,fisheries,andpollutionhavereducedcoralssubstantiallysincethe1950s,”theywrite,adding,“Thecompletelossofcoralsisanticipatedoverthenext100years.”IfwewanttoreducetheharmALANiscausing,wecouldperhapslooktodelaytheswitching-onofnight-timelightingincoastalregionstoensurethenaturaldarkperiodbetweensunsetandmoonrisewhencoralreproductionremainsundisturbed.1．Whyisthefirstparagraphwritten?A．Topresentthetopicofthetext. B．Toadvocateenergyconservation.C．Toexplainanaturalphenomenon. D．Toprovidebackgroundinformation.2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“optimum”inparagraph2mean?A．Possible. B．Appropriate. C．Flexible. D．Sensitive.3．Whatistheresearchers’majorconcernovercorals?A．Extinction. B．Losingvalue.C．Terriblediseases. D．Exposuretomoonlight.4．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．CreaturesRelyonNaturalLightstoScheduleTheirLifeB．Night-timeLightingShortensNaturalDarkPeriodC．CoastalLightsTrickCoralsintoEarlySpawningD．LightPollutionLeadstoSeriousConsequencesBTheclimateemergencydemandsactionfromallofus.Weneedtogettonetzerogreenhousegasemissionsby2050andeveryonehasaroletoplay.5.TransformyourtransportTransportaccountsforaroundaquarterofallgreenhousegasemissionsglobally.Manygovernmentsareimplementingpoliciestodecarbonizetravel.Youcangetaheadstart:leaveyourcarathomeandwalkorcyclewheneverpossible.6.Ifyoumustdrive,offertocarpoolwithotherssothatfewercarsareontheroad.ReduceyourpoweruseIfyoucan,switchtoazero-carbonorrenewableenergyprovider.Installsolarpanelsonyourroof.7.Switchoffappliancesandlightswhenyouarenotusingthem.Betteryet,buythemostefficientproductsinthefirstplace.Don’twastefood8.Peoplegloballywaste1billiontonnesoffoodeachyear,whichaccountsforaround8–10percentofglobalgreenhousegasemissions.Avoidwastebyonlybuyingwhatyouneed.Takeadvantageofeveryediblepartofthefoodsyoupurchase.Becreativewithleftovers,shareextraswithyourfriendsandneighbors,andcontributetoalocalfood-sharingscheme.9.Everyyear,approximately12millionhectaresofforestaredestroyed.Thisdeforestation,combinedwithagricultureandotherlandusechanges,isresponsibleforroughly25percentofglobalgreenhousegasemissions.Wecanallplayapartinchangingthistrendbyplantingtrees,eitherindividuallyoraspartofacollective.A．PlanttreesB．Eatplant-basedmealsC．BuyfewernewclothesandwearthemlongerD．Ifthedistancesaretoofar,choosepublictransportE．TurnyourheatingdownadegreeortwoifpossibleF．One-thirdofallfoodproducediseitherlostorwastedG．Herearefourwaysyoucanhelpfighttheclimatecrisis二、应用文写作六月八日为联合国指定的世界海洋日，由于海洋污染越来越严重，假定你是校学生会的主席李华，请用英语为学校写一篇关于“保护海洋”的倡议信。内容包括：1.海洋污染严重；2.保护海洋的重要性及措施；3.提出倡议。注意：1.词数100左右；2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。Dearschoolmates,IamLiHua,Chairmanofthestudents’union.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua1．D2．B3．A4．C【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了海滨城市的照明对珊瑚的影响。这些照明产生的光会使珊瑚比不受光污染的珊瑚产卵早，从而对其产生不利影响。1．推理判断题。根据第一段内容“ForthehistoryoflifeonEarth,organismshavereliedonthelightofthesun,moon,andstarstofindtheirwayandscheduletheirlives.Whilethebeginningofelectriclightinginthelate19thcenturymayhavebenefitedhumans,ithascausedproblemsinthenaturalworld.Amongtheimpactsofartificiallightatnight(ALAN),lightpollutionluresmigratingbirdstocitieswithshockingconsequences,contributestothealarmingdeclineininsectpopulations,andconvincesseaturtlebabiestoamble(缓行)awayfromthewaterinsteadoftowardsit.(在地球上生命的历史中，生物一直依靠太阳、月亮和星星的光来找到自己的路，安排自己的生活。虽然19世纪末开始的电灯可能给人类带来了好处，但它也给自然界带来了问题。在夜间人造光(ALAN)的影响中，光污染将候鸟吸引到城市，带来令人震惊的后果，导致昆虫数量惊人的下降，并使海龟宝宝远离水而不是靠近水。)”可知，文章第一段介绍了始于19世末的人造光源对自然产生的不好的影响，结合第二段“Now,anewstudyfromtheUniversityofPlymouthaddsanotherdisappointingfindingabouthowALANisaffectingthecreatureswithwhomwesharetheplanet:Lightpollutionfromcoastalcitiescantrickcorals(珊瑚)intoreproducingoutsideoftheoptimumtimeswhentheywouldnormallyreproduce.(现在，普利茅斯大学