2024-2025学年高二英语选择性必修第三册（译林版）UNIT 4 Grammar and usage教学课件

UNIT4ProtectingourheritagesitesSectionBGrammarandusageLead-inAbuSimbeltemples阿布辛拜勒神庙Doyouknowthisheritagesite?ChrisisreadinganarticleabouttheefforttosavehistorictemplesinEgypt.Findthesentenceswithappositiveclausesandfillintheboxbelow.Thefirstonehasbeendoneforyou.AbuSimbeltemplesinEgyptarethousandsofyearsoldandittookdecadestobuildthem.Therearedivisionsamonghistoriansoverwhenexactlytheconstructionofthetwintemplesstarted,butnoonecandenythefactthattheywereconstructedinthe13thcenturyBCE.Inthemid-20thcentury,thetemplewereunderseriousthreat.ThegovernmenthaddecidedtobuildtheAswanHighDamontheNileandthisstructurewouldcausewaterlevelstorise,whichcouldinturnfloodtheAbuSimbeltemples.Thisdecisioncausedwidespreadconcernamongpeoplearoundtheworld.Theycouldnotpreventtheconstructionofthedamandtheyhadnoideawhetherthetemplescouldbesavedfromtherisingwaters.AExploringtherulesSomeexperts,however,hadafeelingthatitwaspossible.UNESCOputtogetheraninternationalteamofarchitects,engineersandheavyequipmentoperators,wholookedatdifferentwaysofsavingthetemples.Atfirsttheyhadnoideawhichwaycouldwork.Finally,theydecidedtotrytotakethetemplesapart,movetheirpartstoanewlocationandthenputthembacktogether.Therewasnoguaranteethatitwouldwork,sincenoonehadattemptedanythingsimilarbefore.Furthermore,theexpertshadnocluewhetheranypartsofthetempleswouldbreakduringtransport.However,theoperationwascarefullyplannedandtheteameventuallymanagedtorelocatealloftheAbuSimbeltempleswithoutincident.Thissuccessdemonstratesthepowerofinternationalcooperationintimesofcrisis.Itisdifficulttoforecastwhatthreatsourheritagesiteswillfaceinthefuture,butwehavethebeliefthatwewillneedthiskindofcooperationinheritagepreservation.…,butnoonecandenythefactthattheywereconstructedinthe13thcenturyBCE.1.Theycouldnotpreventtheconstructionofthedamandtheyhadnoideawhetherthetemplescouldbesavedfromtherisingwaters.2.Someexperts，however，hadafeelingthatitwaspossible.3.Atfirst，theyhadnoideawhichwaycouldwork.4.Therewasnoguaranteethatitwouldwork，sincenoonehadattemptedanythingsimilarbefore.5.Furthermore，theexpertshadnocluewhetheranypartsofthetempleswouldbreakduringtransport.6.Itisdifficulttoforecastwhatthreatsourheritagesiteswillfaceinthefuture，butwehavethebeliefthatwewillneedthiskindofcooperationinheritagepreservation.Workingouttherules·Anappositiveclauseisusuallyplacedafteranabstractnountoexplainitscontent..·Weoftenuse(1)__________(2)____________oraquestionwordtointroduceanappositiveclause.·Nounsthatcanbefollowedbyanappositiveclauseincludefact,idea,news,opinion,etc.that

whether

ApplyingtherulesB1Readthesentencesbelowandticktheoneswithappositiveclauses.1WehavenodoubtthatUNESCOistryingtoprotecttheheritagesites.2Thiswasthecluethathelpedthepolicefindthemanwhohaddestroyedtheancientstatues.3Manypeopledonotknowthereasonwhythisheritagesiteisthreatened.4Thereisnoquestionthatweshouldprotectoursharedheritage—wesimplyhaveto.5IwanttoplanmytripbutIhavenoideawhenthetempleswillopen.

√√√B2ChrismeetswithMissMatodiscussUNESCO’sworkrelatedtoheritagepreservation.Completetheconversationbelowwithproperlinkingwordstoformappositiveclauses.Chris:Sorrytointerruptyou,MissMa.I'mwritinganarticleaboutUNESCO’sworkon

heritagepreservation.Canyoutellmesomethingaboutit?MissMa:Sure.In1972,theConventionConcerningtheProtectionoftheWorldCulturaland

NaturalHeritagewasadoptedbytheGeneralConferenceofUNESCO.Chris:ButI'veheardsomepeoplehaveseriousdoubts(1)___________theWorldHeritage

Conventionreallyhelps.MissMa:Sure,itdoes.Itlinkstheconceptsofnatureconservationandthepreservationof

culturalpropertiestogether.ApartfromtheConvention,theWorldHeritageCommittee

wasestablishedin1976andpassedthemotion(2)________weshouldprotectourculturalandnaturalheritagesites.whether

that

Chris:Isee.CanyoutellmewhattheWorldHeritageCommitteedoes?Miss

Ma:Ofcourse.Forexample,itvotestodeterminewhichsitesaretobelistedasUNESCO

heritagesitesandmonitorsthestateofconservation.Chris:That'samazing.IsChinaoneoftheUNESCOStatesParties?MissMa:Yes.Doyouhaveanyidea(3)___________ChinesepropertiesareontheWorldHeritageList?Chris:Yes,morethan50now.Forexample,theGrandCanal,theworld'slongestandoldestcanal,was

onthelistin2014.I'veheardthenews(4)___________certainheritagesitesinChinaareunder

threat.MissMa:You'reright.Theproposal(5)____________weshouldraisepublicawarenessofheritage

protectionisworthconsidering.howmany

that

that

Grammar同位语从句在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。通常跟在名词后面，解释说明名词的内容如：news，hope，truth，idea，suggestion，thought，question，promise，order，problem，belief，word（消息），message，information，proof，announcement，desire，doubt，answer，proposal，advice，possibility，statement等。常用引导词有that，whether，who，what，which，how，when，where，why等。（1）that引导同位语从句。that不作成分，也没有词义，但是不能省略。Herecamethenewsthatthescientistshadmadeamajorbreakthroughincloning.传来了科学家在克隆方面取得了重大突破的消息。Ihavenoideathatyouhaveappliedforthepost.我不知道你已经申请了这个职位。（2）whether引导同位语从句。whether意为“是否”，仅起引导作用，在句中不作成分。ThereissomedoubtwhetherJohnwillresistregulations.有人怀疑约翰是否会抵制规则。Thequestionwhetheritneedsreformingwillbediscussedatthemeeting.它是否需要改革这个问题将要在会议上被讨论。（3）连接代词who，what，which引导同位语从句。这几个词引导同位语从句时，在从句中常作主语、宾语或表语。Thequestionwhoshoulddotheworkrequiresreasonableconsideration.谁该做这项工作的问题需要合理考虑。Ihavenoideawhattheprocedureforapplyingforavisais.我不知道申请签证需要什么手续。（4）连接副词when，where，why，how引导同位语从句。这几个词引导同位语从句时，常在从句中作状语。Myinitialquestion，whyshedidthat，hasnotbeenanswered.她为什么做那件事，我最初的问题还没有得到回答。IhavenoideahowtheywereabletogettoChangshainsoshortatime.我不知道他们是如何在这么短的时间里到达长沙的。同位语从句与定语从句的区别从句从句性质that的作用when，where，why的作用同位语从句名词性的，对名词进行解释说明只起连接作用，不充当句子成分①连接副词，充当句子成分②前面名词一般与时间、地点、原因无关定语从句形容词性的，对先行词进行修饰或限制既起连接作用，又在从句中充当成分①关系副词，充当句子成分②前面先行词表示时间、地点、原因Theproposalthatthehospitalshouldbeclosedwasrejectedbyalargemajority.关闭医院的提议遭到大多数人的拒绝。（同位语从句，that在从句中不作任何成分）Theproposalthatheputforwardistobediscussedatthemeeting.他提出的建议将在会议上被讨论。（定语从句，that在从句中作宾语）Ihavenoideawhenshewillbeback.我不知道她什么时候回来。（when与idea无意义上的关联，when引导的是同位语从句）IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametoBeijing.我还记得第一次来北京的那天。（when指代theday，when引导的是定语从句）【误区警示】表示“建议、命令、要求”等的名词（如suggestion，advice，proposal建议；order，command命令；demand，request，requirement要求；decision决定等）后的同位语从句要用虚拟语气，即谓语用“should+动词原形”，should可以省略。Thegeneralgaveacommandthatthey（should）startatonce.将军命令他们立即出发。Imadethesuggestionthatwe（should）watchoutforthesuspect’smovements.我提议我们应该密切注意那名嫌疑犯的行踪。I.单句语法填空1.Thenoticecamearoundtwointheafternoon

themeetingwouldbeputoff.2.Ihavenoidea

thecellphoneisn’tworking，socouldyoufixitforme?3.There’sapossibility

wewilltraveltoEuropethissummervacation.4.Thereislittledoubtinyourmind

heisinnocent，isthere?5.Theonlywaytosucceedatthehighestlevelistohavetotalbelief

youarebetterthananyoneelseonthesportsfield.6.Thecommitteerejectedthesuggestion

housesshouldbebuiltonthissite.7.Doyouhaveanyidea

itmeanstobepoor?8.Nobodycanexplainthemystery

dinosaursbecameextinct.9.Ihavenoidea

theywereabletogetitdoneinsoshortatime.10.Theproposal

weshouldsendanothersatelliteintospaceistobediscussedatthemeeting.11.Weshouldconsiderthestudents’request

theschoollibraryshouldprovidemorebooksonpopularscience.that

why

that

that

that

that

what

why

how

that

that

II.指出从句的类型1.ThenewsthatTomwasarrestedwasuntrue.

_______________2.WhatwasthenewsthatconcernedMarysomuch?

________________

3.Theteacherexplainedthereasonthatthesportsmeetingwasputoff.

_______________4.Thesuggestionthatthestudentsshouldhaveplentyofexerciseisverygood.

_______________5.Thesuggestionthatheraisedatthemeetingisverygood.

_______________

同位语从句定语从句同位语从句

同位语从句定语从句III.完成句子1.Hemustanswerthequestion

（他是否同意这件事）.2.I’vecomefromMrWangwithamessage

（他今天下午不来看你了）.3.Theyoungmanmadeapromisetohisparents

（他会努力谋生）aftergraduation.4.Themanagerputforwardasuggestionthatwe

（应该有一个助手）.5.Ihavenoidea_______________________（他什么时候回来）.6.Theyarefacedwiththeproblem

（他们是否应该继续下去）.7.____________________（毫无疑问）theeconomywillrecoverquickly.8._________________（有消息传来）shewasawardedfirstprize.9.Thereissomedoubt_________________________（他能否适应）thewarmdryclimatehere.10.Ihavenodoubt___________________（他会振奋起来）atthenews.whetherheagreeswithitornotthathewon’tcometoseeyouthisafternoon

thathewouldtrytoearnhisliving

shouldhaveanassistantwhenhewillcomeback

whethertheyshouldcarryon

Thereisnodoubtthat

Wordcamethatwhetherhecanadapttothathe’llcheerup

Languagepoints1Therearedivisionsamonghistorians...历史学家们之间存在着分歧……divisionn.分歧；分开，分隔Thedivisionofopinionamongthemcontributedtotheirdefeat.他们之间意见的分歧导致了他们的失败。【拓展】dividev.分成，分开；分配搭配：divide...into...把……分成……Thefencedividesthegardenintotwo.篱笆把花园隔成两半。单句语法填空（1）Afenceformsthe

（divide）betweentheirlandandours.（2）Nothingisparticularlyhardifyoudivideit

smalljobs.division

into

2Therewasnoguaranteethatitwouldwork...不能保证这个方法会奏效……that引导同位语从句（1）that引导同位语从句，对前面抽象名词的内容进行解释说明，that不作成分，没有意义，不省略。常接同位语从句的抽象名词有news，idea，fact，promise，question，doubt，thought，hope，message，word，possibility，decision等。Thefactthatthemoneyhasgonedoesnotmeanitwasstolen.钱不见了这一事实并不意味着它被偷了。（2）表示“建议、命令、要求”的名词后的同位语从句要用虚拟语气，如suggestion，advice，proposal，recommendation；command，order；demand，requirement，request等，从句谓语用“（should+）动词原形”。Thesuggestionthatthenewrule（should）beadoptedcamefromthechairman.采纳新规则的建议是主席提出的。（3）同位语从句修饰的抽象名词作主语时，常把同位语从句放到谓语的后面，以避免头重脚轻。Wordcamethatthesportsmeethadbeenputoff.消息传来了，运动会推迟了。说明

同位语从句与定语从句的区别同位语从句是名词性从句，是对一个抽象名词加以补充说明。定语从句是形容词性从句，是对一个名词加以修饰限定，关系代词that在从句中作宾语的时候可省略。Thenews（that）hetoldmeisreallyencouraging.他告诉我的那个消息真令人鼓舞。（定语从句）Thenewsthatourteamhaswonthegameisreallyencouraging.我们队赢了比赛的消息真是鼓舞人心。（同位语从句）单句语法填空（1）HereferredtoCopernicus’statement

theearthmovesroundthesun.（2）Thenewsgotabout

hehadwonacarinthelottery.（3）Hisproposalthatthesystem

（change）waspopularamongtheemployees.写出从句的类型（4）Themistakethathemadehascostgreatlosstothecompany.__________

（5）It’sagreatmistakethathetookthebookwithoutpermission.__________

（6）Youmustfindthefactthatisimportanttoyourresearch.__________

that

that

（should）bechanged

定语从句同位语从句定语从句

3...andtheteameventuallymanagedtorelocatealloftheAbuSimbeltempleswithoutincident.……该团队最终成功地将阿布辛贝神庙全部搬迁，没有发生意外。incidentn.事件；冲突Therewasashootingincidentnearherelastnight.昨夜这附近发生了枪击事件。词块背诵aserious/anunfortunateincident严重/不幸事件theXi’anIncident西安事变

aborderincident边境冲突辨析incident/accident/eventincident可指小事件或小插曲，又可指政治上有影响的事件或事变。accident多指偶然发生或意外发生的不幸的事情。event尤指历史上的重大事件，还可以表示国际、国内的大事以及体育比赛项目。单句语法填空（1）Notlongago，

incidentthathappenedatWaltDisneytouchedmegreatly.辨析填空：incident/accident/event（2）Thedogwaskilledinacar

.（3）Despitethebadweather，the

wasagreatsuccess.（4）Hecouldrememberevery

ingreatdetail.an

accidentevent

incident

4Thissuccessdemonstratesthepowerofinternationalcooperationintimesofcrisis.

这一成功表明了国际合作在危机时期的力量。cooperationn.合作，协作；协助，配合

cooperationbetween...and...……和……之间的合作搭配withthecooperationof在……的合作下incooperationwith...与……合作

Wewouldliketoseeclosercooperationbetweenparentsandschools.我们希望家长和学校有更加紧密的合作。【拓展】cooperatevi.合作，协作；配合搭配：cooperatewith...与……合作Thetwogroupsagreedtocooperatewitheachother.这两个组同意相互协作。词块背诵economiccooperation经济合作

internationalcooperation国际合作单句语法填空（1）Thecompanyproducescomputers

cooperationwithaGermanfirm.（2）There’sverylittlecooperation

thetwocountries.（3）

thecooperationofguards，theyopenedthedoortoletusin.（4）Theywanttopromote

（cooperate）betweenthetwofirms.in

between

With

cooperation5Itisdifficulttoforecastwhatthreatsourheritagesiteswillfaceinthefuture...

很难预测我们的遗产地未来将面临什么样的威胁……forecastvt.&n.（1）vt.（forecast，forecast；forecasted，forecasted）预测，预报Expertsareforecastingarecoveryintheeconomy.专家预测经济将复苏。Snowisforecastfortomorrow.预报明天有雪。（2）n.预测，预报Accordingtotheweatherforecast，thetemperaturewilldropalottomorrow.根据天气预报，明天气温会骤减。词块背诵forecastthefuture预测未来weatherforecasts天气预报单句语法填空（1）Despiteeconomicdepression，they’restill

（forecast）growthinthethirdquarter.（2）Ithinkthesesales

（forecast）areunrealistic，consideringhowslowsalesareatpresent.forecastingforecasts6Sorrytointerruptyou，MissMa.对不起，打扰您了，马小姐。interruptvt.打扰，插嘴；使暂停，使中断vi.打扰，插嘴Theywereinterruptedbyaknockatthedoor.他们被敲门声打断了。Itisnotpolitetointerruptwhensomeoneistalking.打断别人说话是不礼貌的。【拓展】interruptionn.打扰；中断时间Imanagedtoworkfortwohourswithoutinterruption.我总算连续工作了两小时。词块背诵withoutinterruption连续地单句语法填空（1）Shetriedtoexplainwhathadhappenedbuthekept

（interrupt）her.（2）“Whatareyoudoinghere?”Iasked，annoyedatthe

（interrupt）.interruptinginterruption7Itlinkstheconceptsofnatureconservationandthepr