2024-2025学年高二英语选择性必修第二册（译林版）UNIT 3 Grammar and usage教学课件

UNIT3

FitforlifeGrammarandusageGrammarandusagePresentperfectcontinuoustenseAExploringtherulesBelowisapersonalaccountgivenbyagirlwhoisequippedwitharobotichand.Findthesentencesthatusethepresentperfectcontinuoustenseandfillintheboxbelow.Thefirstonehasbeendoneforyou.AfterIlostmyrighthandinacaraccidenttwoyearsago,Ibegantowithdrawintomyself,believingIwouldneverbeabletoleadanormallifeagain.Iwasequippedwithanartificialhand,butitdidnotfeellikepartofme.Evensimplethingslikegettingdressedwereunbelievablydifficult.Threemonthsago,however,allthatchangedwhenIwasgiventhechancetotestanewrobotichand.Scientistshavebeenmakinggreatprogressinrobotictechnologyinrecentyears,andtheirworkonroboticlimbshasreallychangedmylife.Withmynewhand,Icanmovemyindividualfingersandholdontosmallthingslikepensandpencils.Moreamazingly,myrobotichandiscapableoffeelingvaryingdegreesofpressure,justlikearealhand.Inaddition,itlooksverylifelikewithspecialrubberusedontheoutside.OverthepastthreemonthsIhavebeentestingoutthelimitsofwhatIcandowithmynewhand,anditconstantlysurprisesme.IhaverediscoveredhobbiesIhadenjoyedbeforemyaccident.Forexample,IhavebeencookingformyfamilyagainsinceIgotmynewhand.NotonlycanIdomore,butIhavealsobecomemoreconfidentandoutgoing.I’msogratefulforallthenewpossibilitiesmyrobotichandhasopenedup.Scientistshavebeenmakinggreatprogressinrobotictechnologyinrecentyears,...Workingouttherules•Weusethepresentperfectcontinuoustensetotalkaboutanactionthatstartedinthepastandis

stillcontinuingnow,oranactionthathasjustfinishedbutisstillconnectedwith(1)

_________________(thepast/thepresent/thefuture)insomeway.•Theverbformofthepresentperfectcontinuoustenseis“(2)_________________”.·OverthepastthreemonthsIhavebeentestingoutthelimitsofwhatIcandowithmynewhand...·Forexample，IhavebeencookingformyfamilyagainsinceIgotmynewhand.thepresent

have/hasbeendoingBApplyingtherulesB1

Completethesentenceswiththecorrectformsoftheverbsinthebrackets.1I_________________(reflect)onthearticleIreadaboutancientmedicineallday.2I_________________(wait)fortwohourstoseethedoctorbutitisstillnotmyturnyet.3Mymother_________________(write)areportonthenewtreatmentallmorning.Shehopestofinishittonight.4Thecompany_________________(make)herbalmedicinesformorethan100years.5Scientists_________________(do)researchonthediseasesinceitwasfirstdiscoveredintheearly

20thcentury.havebeenreflectinghavebeenwaitinghasbeenwritinghasbeenmaking

havebeendoingB2

Belowisanarticleaboutroboticlimbs.Circlethecorrectexpressionstocompleteit.It(1)isbeingestimated/hasbeenestimatedthatover30millionpeopleworldwidehavelostarmsorlegs,andmanyofthemfailtogetthehelpthattheyneed.Forsometime,they(2)arehopingfor/havebeenhopingforbetter-qualityartificiallimbs.Fortunately,oneexcitingnewadvancecouldhelpthesephysicallydisabledpeopleleadanormallifeagain:roboticlimbs.Overthelastfewyears,scientists(3)havebeendeveloping/willbedevelopingnewkindsofartificiallimbstohelppeopleovercometheirdisabilities.Roboticlimbscandomuchmorethanconventionalartificiallimbs.Someoftheearliestartificiallimbsweremadeofwoodandleather,anduntilrecently,artificiallimbs(4)haveonlyserved/haveonlybeenservingbasicfunctions.Withtheadvancementinrobotictechnology,artificiallimbscannowperformmuchmorecomplextasksandcomeclosertorealhumanlimbs.Notonlycantheymakeamuchwiderrangeofmovements,buttheycanalsobecontrolleddirectlybythebrainandfeedsensoryinformationbackintoit.DavidJonesisoneofateamofscientistsdevotedtomakingevenbetterroboticlimbs.“We(5)havedone/havebeendoingeverythingwecantoadvancethistechnologyandwewillnottakeoutapatentonit,”saidDavid.“Hopefully,moreandmorepeopleinneedofroboticlimbswillbeequippedwiththemandenjoyahigherqualityoflife.”B3

AstudentisinterviewingDavidJonesabouttheresearchhisteamhasbeendoing.Inpairs,role-playtheinterviewusingthepresentperfectcontinuoustense.Thebeginninghasbeengiven.

Student:Whathaveyoubeendoing,DrJones?DavidJones:Wehavebeendeveloping…单元语法现在完成进行时一现在完成进行时的特征现在完成进行时，由“have/has+been+现在分词”构成，表示“某一动作从过去开始，一直延续到现在，而且还在进行中，有可能继续下去”。现在完成进行时是现在完成时态和进行时态的结合体，既有完成的特点，也有进行的特点，翻译成汉语是“一直在做某事”。二现在完成进行时的用法1.表示一个持续到现在的动作现在完成进行时表示“动作从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在，并且有可能继续下去”。用于现在完成进行时的动词，一般为延续性动词，并常和allthetime，thisweek，thismonth，allnight，allmorning，recently等状语以及since和for引导的时间状语连用。例如：附：单元语法精讲精练Howlonghaveyoubeenlivinghere?你住在这儿多长时间了？Hehasbeenteachinginthisschoolsince1990.他自1990年以来就一直在这所学校教书。FormanyyearsJaneGoodallhasbeenhelpingtherestoftheworldunderstandandrespectthelifeoftheseanimals.多年来，简·古道尔一直在帮助世人了解并尊重这些动物的生活。Theyareverytiredandthirsty，becausetheyhavebeenplantingtreesallmorning.他们又累又渴，因为他们整个上午都在种树。Nowthatsheisoutofajob，Lucyhasbeenconsideringgoingbacktoschool，butshehasn’tdecidedyet.由于露西失业了，所以她一直在考虑回学校，但她还没有决定下来。2.表示动作重复发生

有时，现在完成进行时所表示的动作并不是一直在不停地进行，而是在断断续续地重复。这时，谓语动词可以是非延续性动词。She’sbeensayingthattwentytimes.那话她已经说了20遍了。Mygrandfatherhasbeenlosingthingsallthetime.我爷爷一直在丢东西。Wehavebeenseeingeachotherrecently.我们最近频频见面。Someonehasbeenknockingatthedoor.有人一直在敲门。Ihavebeenmeetingheratthelibrary.我多次在图书馆遇见她。3.表示长时间做某事现在完成进行时可以用来强调长时间一直在做某事。Ihavebeenexpectingmyhomeletterforalongtime.我期盼我的家信很长时间了。Hehasbeendevotinghimselftothedesignforawholeweek.一周来他一直投身于这个设计。Shehasbeendoingthisinordertorepaytheboy’skindness.为了报答那个男孩的好意，她一直在这样做。Ihavebeenlookingforwardtoseeingmyfamily.我一直期盼着见到我的家人。Mygrannyhasbeenwarningusofourstudies.我奶奶一直在提醒我们学习。4.表示与现在的状态有关Sorry，I’mlate.Haveyoubeenwaitinglong?对不起，我迟到了。你等了很久了吗？Youdon’tlookwell.Haveyoubeenworkingtoohard?你看起来不舒服。你工作是不是太辛苦了？Youhavebeenstandinghereforanhour.你已经站在这里一个小时了。He’sbeenworkingonthisbookforsixyears，andallfornothing.六年来他一直在写这本书，但都是徒劳无功。◆本书观点

现在完成进行时和现在完成时的区别。①现在完成进行时和现在完成时，均可表示“从过去开始一直持续到现在”的动作，但现在完成时表示动作已结束，着重于结果；现在完成进行时表示的动作可能已完成也可能未完成，更强调动作的持续进行。比较：

Ihavereadthebook.我读过这本书。（已读完）

Ihavebeenreadingthebook.我一直在读这本书。（还在读，没读完）Youhavewrittenyourpaper.你的论文写完了。（已写完）Youhavebeenwritingyourpaper.Pleasehavearest.你一直在写论文，请休息一下。（还

在写，未写完）②一般而言，延续性动词（有的语法书叫静态动词）跟一段时间（如for...，since...）连用时，其现在完成时和现在完成进行时，意思基本相同，意味着动作到目前都没有结束。这类动词有live，stay，remain，sit，stand，lie，wait，rest，work，learn，study，sleep，rain等。

Shehaslaininbedforaweek.

Shehasbeenlyinginbedforaweek.

（更常见）她已经卧床一周了。

Ihavewaitedforyoufortwohours.

Ihavebeenwaitingforyoufortwohours.（更常见）我已经等你两个小时了。特别提示：通过上面的对比，我们发现，同一个动词的现在完成时和现在完成进行时有如此大的差别。即用于现在完成时表示“终止”，用于现在完成进行时则表示“延续”。所以，时态的使用应根据语境作出正确选择。③延续性动词的现在完成时和现在完成进行时，若跟时间段状语连用，可表示状态延续至今。如果没有时间段状语，则表示该动作或状态在过去曾发生过或存在过。但现在已结束。试比较：

Theyhavelivedheresince1970.

Theyhavebeenlivingheresince1970.

自1970年以来，他们一直住在这儿。（现仍然住在这儿）

Theyhavelivedhere.他们曾经在这儿住过。（现已不住在这儿）以上例句说明：延续性动词跟时间段状语连用是“非终止用法”，也叫延续性用法，说话时该动作或状态尚未结束。不跟时间段状语连用是“终止用法”，也叫非延续性用法，说话时该动作或状态已经结束。三语法全解训练Ⅰ.用现在完成进行时完成以下各句，仔细体会其含义。1.Sincetheflubrokeout，thesephysicians，surgeonsandchemists

（specialize）invaccines.［词汇复现］2.Anabnormalviruscalled2019-nCoVhasarisensuddenlyand

（spread）insomecountriesatafastpace.［词汇复现］3.Somepeoplehavecontractedthisdisease，which

（affect）people’shealth.［词汇复现］4.Medicalstaff

（wrestle）withtheviruseversince.［词汇复现］5.They

（look）foreverymeanstocontrolthevirus.［词汇复现］6.Medicalexperts

（identify）thesourceofthisvirusinthepasttwoyears.［词汇复现］7.Thefundshortage

（restrict）thedevelopmentofhighereducation.［词汇复现］8.We

（carry）outtheseplansthatthegovernmentputinplace.［词汇复现］9.I’mnotgoingtodeletethefilesyou

（save）.［词汇复现］havebeenspecializinghasbeenspreadinghasbeenaffectinghavebeenwrestlinghavebeenlookinghavebeenidentifyinghasbeenrestrictinghavebeencarryinghavebeensaving10.ThesearethestampsthatI

（restore）formypersonalcollection.［词汇复现］11.They

（equip）thecompanywiththelatestmachinesandotherfacilities.［词汇复现］12.Itisreportedthattheenemy

（withdraw）allthetime.［词汇复现］13.Hiscommentshaveaddedfueltothedebate.It

（go）onuntilnow.［词汇复现］14.Nothingserioushappenedtoday，butthenoise

（disturb）mymind.［词汇复现］15.Thegreenhand

（tackle）theproblemfortwoweeks，onlytorealizethathehasappliedawrongmeans.［词汇复现］16.Thecompany

（adjust）itsmarketingplanuntilitworks.［词汇复现］17.Sheismygirlfriend.We

（date）forovertwoyearsnow.［词汇复现］18.Researchers

（examine）humangenestofindabnormalgenesthatcausecellstobecomecancer.［词汇复现］havebeenrestoringhavebeenequippinghasbeenwithdrawinghasbeengoinghasbeendisturbinghasbeentacklinghasbeenadjustinghavebeendatinghavebeenexaminingⅡ.用括号内所给动词的正确时态完成句子。1.—Ihavegotaheadache.—Nowonder.You

（work）infrontofthatcomputertoolong.2.Sincethetimehumankindstartedgardening，we

（try）tomakeourenvironmentmorebeautiful.3.Thegirlhasagreatinterestinsportsand

（take）badmintonclassestwiceaweekoverthelastthreeyears.4.Themanager

（tell）theworkershowtoimprovetheprogramsince9am.5.—Whydoyouwanttoworkforourcompany?—ThisisthejobthatI

（look）forsincemygraduation.6.IhavetoseethedoctorbecauseI

（cough）alotlately.7.I’mtiredout.I

（shop）allafternoonandIdon’tseemtohavefinishedanything.8.—We’vespenttoomuchmoneyrecently.—Well，itisn’tsurprising.Ourfriendsandrelatives

（come）aroundallthetime.9.Joseph

（go）toeveningclassessincelastmonth，buthestillcan’tsay“What’syourname?”inRussian.10.We

（work）onthisprojectforfourhours.Let’shavearest.havebeenworkinghavebeentryinghasbeentakinghasbeentellinghavebeenlookinghavebeencoughinghavebeenshoppinghavebeencominghasbeengoinghavebeenworking11.—Why，Jack，youlooksotired!—Well，I

（paint）thehouseandImustfinishtheworktomorrow.12.Overthepastdecades，seaice

（decrease）intheArcticasaresultofglobalwarming.13.Excuseme，Marcia，areporterfromVanityFair

（phone）allday.Couldyouspeaktohernow?14.—I’msureAndrewwillwinfirstprizeinthefinal.—Ithinkso.He

（prepare）foritformonths.15.CathyistakingnotesofthegrammaticalrulesinclassatSunshineSchool，whereshe

（study）Englishforayear.16.It

（rain）forthreedaysanditdoesn’tseemtostop.17.TheChinese

（make）paperforabouttwothousandyears.18.You

（write）yourhomework.Pleasehavearest.19.Tom’shandsareverydirty.He

（repair）thecarallmorning.20.Youknow，I

（hunt）forajobforthreemonths，andthisismyfirstformalinterview.havebeenpaintinghasbeendecreasinghasbeenphoninghasbeenpreparinghasbeenstudyinghasbeenraininghavebeenmakinghavebeenwritinghasbeenrepairinghavebeenhuntingLanguagepoints核心词汇1AfterIlostmyrighthandinacaraccidenttwoyearsago，Ibegantowithdrawintomyself...当我两年前在一起车祸中失去右手之后，我开始变得不爱与人交往……withdraw

vi.&vt.（withdrew，withdrawn）脱离（社会），不与人交往；（使）撤回，撤离；（使）退出；停止提供；提，取（银行账户中的款）［→withdrawal

n.

撤走；收回；戒毒（或脱瘾）过程；提款］（1）She’sbeginningtowithdrawintoherself.她开始变得不爱与人交往了。Theywithdrewtheirforcesfromtheregion.他们把部队撤离了这个地区。She’dexpectedhimtowithdrawfromthecourse.她已经预料到他会退出这门课程。Hewithdrewmoneyfromthebankinlargeamounts.他从银行里取出了一大笔钱。（2）Thewithdrawaloftheproductfromthemarketmadecustomerscomplainaboutitsinconvenience.从市场上召回这种产品使顾客抱怨不便利。Youcanmakewithdrawalsofupto$250aday.你一天最多可以从银行账户中提取250美元。题组练·领悟方法◆语块积累（1）withdraw（sb.）from...使（某人）从……中退出withdrawmoneyfromthebank从银行取钱（2）thewithdrawalofsupport不再支持◆单句语法填空①Abackinjuryforcedhertowithdraw

thecompetition.②Ifyouexperienceanyunusualsymptomsafterthe

（withdraw）ofthetreatment，contactyourdoctor.fromwithdrawal2Iwasequippedwithanartificialhand，butitdidnotfeellikepartofme.我装了一只假手，但它感觉不像是我的一部分。equip

vt.配备；使有能力（→equipmentn.［U］设备，器材；装备，配备）（1）Theroomsareequippedwithcomputers.房间里都装有电脑。Forobservationoftheanimals，heequippedhimselfwithseveralcameras.为了观察动物，他配备了几部相机。Thecourseisdesignedtoequipstudentsforacareerinnursing.此课程旨在使学生能够胜任护理工作。Allthesoldiersarewellequippedforthebattle.所有的士兵都装备妥当，准备战斗。（2）Thehospitalhasrecentlyobtainednewmedicalequipment，allowingmorepatientstobetreated.这家医院最近购置了新的医疗设备，使更多的病人可以接受治疗。Alotofmoneywasspentontheequipmentofthenewlab.新实验室的装备花费巨大。◆语块积累（1）equipsb./sth.withsth.用某物装备某人/某物（beequippedwith）equipsb.forsth.使某人能胜任某事（beequippedfor）（2）apieceofequipment一件设备 campingequipment露营装备officeequipment办公设备 medicalequipment医疗设备necessaryequipment必要的设备◆说明equipment是不可数名词，没有复数形式，表达“一件设备”要用apieceofequipment。常考的不可数名词还有information，news，advice，luggage，furniture，word（消息）等。◆单句语法填空①Theyhaveequippedthemselves

theadvertisingcampaign.②Allclassroomsofhisschoolare

（equip）withmodernteachingequipment.③Modern

（equip）andnosmokingaretwoofthethingsIlikeaboutworkinghere.④Theexplorersweretoldtoequipthemselves

everythingtheywouldneedforthevoyage.forequippedequipmentwithartificial

adj.人工的，人造的；人为的，虚假的（→artificiallyadv.

人工地；人为地；不自然地）（1）Wecanobservethatartificialintelligencehasalreadymadeanimpactonourlivesinmanyways.我们能够看到，人工智能已经在许多方面对我们的生活产生了影响。Ajobinterviewisaveryartificialsituation.求职面试是一个非常不自然的场面。（2）Theyhavekeptthepriceofsugarartificiallyhightomakemoreprofits.为了获取更多利润，他们一直人为地使糖价居高不下。Theartificiallypolishedlinesinthepoemmakepeoplepuzzledaboutit.这首诗中不自然地润色的诗句使人看不懂。◆语块积累artificialintelligence人工智能artificialsatellite人造卫星artificialheart人工心脏artificiallight人造光artificiallake人工湖；水库artificialflower人造花◆单句语法填空⑤

artificiallanguagehasnovitality.⑥Theywerelivinginan

（artificial）controlledenvironment.Anartificially3Threemonthsago，however，allthatchangedwhenIwasgiventhechancetotestanewrobotichand.然而，三个月前，当我有机会测试一只新的机械手时，一切都改变了。动词不定式作后置定语不定式作定语通常放在被修饰词的后面，被修饰词与不定式之间通常存在主动关系、被动关系或同位关系。Whowasthefirstpersontoraisethequestion?谁是第一个提出这个问题的人？（主动关系）Doyouhaveanythingtosayforyourself?你有什么话要为自己说吗？（被动关系）Hewaswaitingforachancetointroducehimself.他正在等待机会作自我介绍。（同位关系）

◆说明（1）常接不定式作定语的抽象名词有ability，chance，idea，excuse，promise，attempt，belief，way，reason，moment，time等。Iappreciateyourabilitytosolveproblemsbyyourself.我欣赏你独立解决问题的能力。Representativesofthetwocompanieswillmeettomorrowinanattempttoreachanagreement.这两家公司的代表将于明天会面，试图达成协议。Mary，IremindedJohnofhispromisetohelpyou.玛丽，我提醒约翰他答应过帮助你。Inthepasthehadnochancetogotoschool.过去他没有上学的机会。Isthatthebestwaytosolvetheproblem?那是解决这个问题的最好办法吗？（2）“thefirst，thesecond，thelast，thevery，theonly，the+最高级”等后面常用动词不定式作定语。Sheisalwaysthefirstpersontocomeandthelasttoleave.她总是第一个来而最后一个走。Heistheonlypersontoknowthetruth.他是唯一一个了解真相的人。（3）动词不定式的一般被动式tobedone作定语，多表将来被动，即被修饰词与动词不定式之间是被动关系，时间上发生在谓语动词之后。IwanttogotoBeijing.Doyouhaveanythingtobebought?我想要去北京。你有什么东西需要买吗？Themeetingtobeheldtomorrowisofgreatimportance.明天举行的会议很重要。◆误区警示不定式与被修饰词存在逻辑上的动宾关系时，如果不定式是不及物动词，则后面应有必要的介词。Pleasegivemesomepapertowriteon.请给我一些写字用的纸。Thereisnothingtoworryabout.没有什么可担心的。◆单句语法填空①Thatistheonlywaywecanimagine

（reduce）theoveruseofwaterinstudents’bathrooms.②Volunteeringgivesyouachance

（change）lives，includingyourown.toreducetochange③Iwaswatchingtheclockallthroughthemeeting，asIhadatrain

（catch）.④Theseclubsgiveyoutheopportunity

（play）asportyouloveorlearnasportthatisnewtoyou.⑤Thequestion

（discuss）atthemeetingtomorrowisveryimportant.tocatch

toplaytobediscussed4NotonlycanIdomore，butIhavealsobecomemoreconfidentandoutgoing.我不仅可以做更多，而且我也变得更加自信和外向。outgoing

adj.外向的PaulisoutgoingwhileI’mshy.保罗很外向，而我很害羞。Thisgirlischeerfulandoutgoing.这个女孩开朗外向。Wearelookingforsomeonewithanoutgoingpersonality.我们正在找一个性格外向的人。◆语块积累anoutgoingpersonality外向的性格◆单句语法填空I’m

outgoinggirlwholikestomakefriendswithpeople.an5I’msogratefulforallthenewpossibilitiesmyrobotichandhasopenedup.我非常感激我的机械手带来的所有新的可能性。grateful

adj.感激的，表示感谢的（→gratitude

n.

感激之情；感谢同义：thankful

adj.感激的）Shewasgratefulforeverythingthatthemedicalandnursingteamhaddoneforher.她很感激医疗和护理团队为她所做的一切。［2021·全国乙卷］ShewasextremelygratefultoTomforhissupport.她非常感谢汤姆的支持。Iamverygratefultoallthosewhotookthetroubletowritetome.多谢各位费心来函。ShewasgratefulthatherteachergavehersometipsonhowtoimproveEnglish.她的老师给了她一些有关如何提高英语的建议，她对此心存感激。Iwouldbegratefulifyoucouldlendmeahand.如果你能帮我的忙，我将不胜感激。◆语块积累（1）begratefultosb.forsth.因某事而感激某人begratefultodosth.因做某事而感激begratefulthat...感激……Iwouldbegratefulifyoucould/would...如果你能……我将不胜感激。（用于提出请求）（2）show/expressone’sgratitudetosb.for（doing）sth.因（做）某事向某人表示感激ingratitudefor以表达对……的感激之情（3）bethankfultosb.for（doing）sth.为（做）某事感谢某人◆单句语法填空①I’msograteful

allthosevolunteersbecausetheyhelpedmyterribledayendhappily.②Weallmissyouandareverygrateful

whatyoudidforus.③Hewasgrateful

（have）someonetotalkto.

tofortohave6Fortunately，oneexcitingnewadvancecouldhelpthesephysicallydisabledpeopleleadanormallifeagain：roboticlimbs.幸运的是，一项令人兴奋的新进展可以帮助这些身体残疾的人重新过上正常的生活：机械臂。disabled

adj.有残疾的，丧失能力的（→disable

vt.使伤残；使丧失能力disability

n.缺陷，障碍）（1）Mybrotherwasdisabledinthewar—helosthisrightarm.我弟弟在战争中残废了——他失去了右臂。Sheriskedherownlifetohelpadisabledwoman.她冒着失去自己生命的危险帮助了一位残疾妇女。（2）Theburglarsgainedentrytothebuildingafterdisablingthealarm.窃贼破坏报警器后便得以进入大楼。Shedidallthistendondamageanditreallydisabledher.她遭受这么严重的肌腱损伤，这实际上让她残疾了。（3）Shehadthecourageanddeterminationtoriseaboveherphysicaldisability.她有战胜自身残疾的勇气和决心。Somepositionsrequirestudentstobe15to24orupto29forpersonswithadisability.有些职位要求学生年龄在15至24岁之间，残疾人放宽到29岁。◆语块积累（1）disabledpeople=thed