【交际翻译理论视角下的商务英语翻译探究（英语版）4500字（论文）】

ii交际翻译理论视角下的商务英语翻译研究AbstractIntheprocessoftranslatingbusinessEnglish,itisdifficulttoachievethedesiredeffectifthetranslationisonlybasedonsemantics.Soabouttheapplicationofcommunicativetranslationtheoryisparticularlycrucial.Thispapersummarisestheconnotationofcommunicativetranslationtheory,alsogivesabriefdescriptionofthecharacteristicsofbusinessEnglishtranslation,anddiscussesindepththecloserelationshipbetweencommunicativetranslationtheoryandbusinessEnglishtranslation,clarifiestheapplicationdirectionoftherelevanttheory,andprovidesagoodguaranteefortheapplicationofthetheoryatasubsequentstage.Itsresearchcontentwillalsohelptobetterservethecultivationoftalents.Keywords:BusinessEnglish,communicativetranslation，semantictranslation摘要在商务英语的翻译过程中，如果仅仅从语义上进行翻译，是很难达到预期效果的。因此，关于交际翻译理论的应用就显得尤为关键。本文总结了交际翻译理论的内涵，也对商务英语翻译的特点进行了简单的描述，并深入探讨了交际翻译理论与商务英语翻译之间的密切关系，明确了相关理论的应用方向，为后期的理论应用提供了良好的保障。其研究内容也将有助于更好地服务于人才的培养。关键词：商务英语，交际翻译，语义翻译Contents13596Abstract&摘要 Chapter1Introduction1.1TheConceptofCommunicativeTranslationIncommunicativetranslation,Newmarkbelievesthattheeffectproducedbythetargettextshouldbeasclosetothesourcetextaspossible.Becauseoftheemphasisontheeffectratherthanthecontent,thecommunicativetranslationshouldfirstbefaithfultothetargetlanguageandthetargettextreaders,requiringthesourcelanguagetoobeythetargetlanguageandculture,leavingnodoubtorobscuritytothereaders.Therefore,communicativetranslationtendstobeunder-translation,whichwillbemorefluentandsimplecomparedwithsemantictranslation,andthetranslationwillusuallybelonger.Insemantictranslation,Newmarkbelievesthatthetargettextshouldreproducethecontextualmeaningofthesourcetextasaccuratelyasthesemanticandsyntacticstructureofthetargetlanguageallows.Itdiffersfromadirecttranslationinthatadirecttranslationtranslatesonlythebasicmeaningofthewords,whichconformstothesyntacticstructureofthetargetlanguage,butdoesnottakeintoaccountthecontextualfactorsofthewordsusedinthesourcelanguageanddoesnotrespectthecontextinwhichthelanguageisused.Insemantictranslation,thetranslatormustfirstbefaithfultotheoriginalauthorandobeythecultureofthesourcelanguage,andinterpretthesourcetextonlywhenitsconnotativemeaningposesanobstacletounderstanding.Therefore,semantictranslationsometimestendstobemoreofanover-translation,andcanbemorecomplexandawkwardthancommunicativetranslation.1.2BusinessEnglishTranslation‘Business’isaverybroadconcept,andthereareatleast20dictionarymeanings.So,whatdoes‘business’inbusinessEnglishmeanintheend?Somescholarsbelievethattheconceptof‘business’canbedividedintoabroadsenseandanarrowsense.Businessinthenarrowsensereferstodoingbusiness,whilebusinessinthebroadsensereferstobusinessandofficialactivitiesincludingtrade,finance,investment,tourismandforeignaffairs.However,thisdefinitionistoobroadanddoesnotprovideanaccuratedefinitionof‘business’inbusinessEnglish.InEnglish,theword‘business’hasdifferentmeaningsinbusinesstermsandincommonterms.TheonlineversionoftheCreativeBridgeBusinessEnglishDictionaryexplainsitas‘theactivityofbuyingorsellinggoodsorservices,ortheworkofanorganization,company,orindividualengagedinsuchactivityforprofit.’Inthiscontext,‘business’ischaracterizedbyprofitasthemainpurpose,whichisalsotheinitialconnotationof‘business’,thatis,themeaningof‘business’inChinese,andcanbecalled‘business’inanarrowsense.‘business’inanarrowsense1.2.1ImportanceofBusinessEnglishTranslationThevocabularyinbusinessEnglishischangingrapidly.Intoday’srapidlydevelopingeconomy,businessEnglishhasbeenwidelypresentinallfieldsofsociety,andthevocabularyofbusinessEnglishisalsoemergingwiththedevelopmentoftheeconomy.ThevocabularyandcontentofbusinessEnglisharehighlyspecializedOneofthedistinctivefeaturesofbusinessEnglishisthatitsvocabularyishighlyspecialized,whichmakesthemeaningsexpressedinbusinessEnglisharecloselyrelatedtotheindustryinwhichtheyarelocatedandcannotbetranslatedwithwordslikeordinaryEnglish.Atthesametime,businessEnglishismorestrictinlanguageexpressions,requiringaccurateandstrictwording.Forexample,inbusinessEnglish,FOB(freeonboard)meansFOB,whichisthepriceofgoodsdeliveredbythesellerattheplaceoforigin,andCIF(cost,insuranceandfreight)meansCIF,whichincludesthecostofgoodsandfreight.Thesetermshavetheirownmeanings,but,duetotheapplicationofdifferentenvironmentsandlocations,themeaningoftheirexpressionsaredifferent.ThetranslationofbusinessEnglishiscloselyrelatedtothetheoryofactualtransactions,whichleadstothefrequentoccurrenceofproprietarytermsinthetranslation,whichrequiresthetranslatorstomasterthebasiccontentsofbusinesstradeandbefamiliarwiththeprofessionaltermsoftenusedinbusinessEnglishtranslation.Inaddition,therearesomecompoundwordsandabbreviationsinbusinessEnglish,whicharedifficulttounderstandtheirrealmeaningsifthetranslatorsdonothaveacertainbusinesslearningbackground,andthereareoftencasesofdifferentmeaningsofthesamewordsinbusinessEnglish,whichrequirethetranslatorstounderstandaccordingtotheactualsituation.1.2.2FeaturesofBusinessEnglishAsbusinesstradeisdirectlyrelatedtotheeconomicbenefitsofenterprises,forsomeimportantinternationalcooperationwillbedirectlyrelatedtothesurvivalofenterprises,andinternationaltraderepresentstheeconomicexchangesbetweendifferentcountries,andneedstoupholdtheprincipleoffairnessandmutualrespect,whichrequiresbusinessEnglishtranslationwithacertaindegreeofrigorandregularity,trytousetheinternationalvocabularyandgrammar,toachieveconciseandclear.Atthesametime,Englishtranslationisthemainwayforbothpartiestounderstandeachotherandenhancetrust,sothetranslationneedstohaveaclearlogicandcanclearlyexpressthewillofbothparties.BusinessEnglishisasocialfunctionvariantofEnglish,whichisaspecificapplicationofEnglishinforeigntrade,investmentpromotion,internationaltourism,overseasinvestmentandinternationaltransportationandotherbusinessactivities;itsstyleiscomplex,andtherangeofprofessionsinvolvedisalsoverywide,includingadvertisingEnglish,contractEnglish,correspondenceEnglishandsoon.FromthepointofviewoftheconnectionbetweengeneralEnglishandbusinessEnglish,businessEnglishoriginatesfromgeneralEnglishandisasynthesisofbusinessknowledgeandEnglish,althoughithascertainuniqueness,ithasallthelinguisticcharacteristicsofgeneralEnglish.Therefore,theprincipleof‘faithfulness’inthetranslationofordinaryEnglishisalsoapplicabletothetranslationofbusinessEnglish.Inthispaper,wewillfocusonhowtotranslatebusinessEnglishwithmaximumfidelitytotheoriginaltext.Firstofall,thetranslatorshouldhaverelevantprofessionalknowledge,especiallyaboutspecializedvocabularyandabbreviations.Generallyspeaking,theprocessoftranslationincludesunderstanding,expressionandreview,andintermsoftherelationshipbetweenthethree,understandingisthepremiseofexpression,withoutcorrectunderstanding,accurateexpressioncannotbetalkedabout,soinordertounderstandtheoriginaltextcorrectly,thetranslatorneedstohaverelevantprofessionalknowledgeandawiderknowledge,andbusinessEnglishisdifferentfromordinaryEnglish,whichcontainsalargenumberofprofessionalvocabularywhicharewidelyusedintradetransactionsandhavespecificmeanings.Theyarewidelyusedintradetransactionsandhavespecificmeanings.Therefore,thetranslatorneedstoknowsomecommonprofessionalvocabularyfirst.BusinessEnglishisabranchofSpecialPurposeEnglish,whichisaneffectiveapplicationofEnglishinbusinesssituations.Itisaprofessional,practicalandpurpose-orientedlanguagethatisdesignedtoservetheneedsofbusinessactivitiesandtomeetthedemandforstandardEnglishinbusinessactivities.ThemaincontentofbusinessEnglish,intheUnitedKingdom,abusinessEnglishprofessionalwhichshootshadpointedout:"BusinessEnglishcategorytheorythatis,businessEnglishshouldincludethemaincontentofcommunicativefunctions,professionalknowledge,languageknowledge,culturalbackgroundandmanagementskills"businessEnglishtranslationprinciples,theprincipleofaccuracyandrigor,inthetranslationofbusinessEnglish,totheInbusinessEnglishtranslation,thesourcelanguageshouldbeexpressedinthetargetlanguagewithaccurateandfaithfulinformation,andthereadershouldbeabletogetthesameinformationastheoriginalcontentwhenreading,thatis,theinformationisequivalent.Comparedwithotherformsoflanguageexpressions,businessEnglishpaysmoreattentiontotheaccuracyandfidelityofthecontentsothatthewholetranslationcanachievethepurposeofuse.Professionalprinciple,whentranslatingbusinessEnglish,thetranslatorshouldapplycertaintranslationtechniquesandstrategiestomakethetranslationandthesourcetexthavethesameequivalenteffectwithrelevantknowledgeandacertainspecializedindustry.AsabusinessEnglishtranslator,heorsheshouldonlyimprovehisorherprofessionallevelandunderstandtherelevantknowledgeinvolvedinthetranslation,sothatnomistranslationwilloccurandseriouslossesanddisputeswillbeavoidedforbothparties.Intheprocessoftranslation,attentionshouldbepaidtothecorrectuseofbusinessterminology,abbreviationsandnewprofessionalwordsthatappearindifferentfields.1.2.3ContextualConstraintsNewmark,afamoustranslationtheorist,once‘said’that"contextisthemostimportantfactorinalltranslations,anditsimportanceisgreaterthanthatofanyregulation,anytheory,anybasicwordmeaning"BusinessEnglishisauniquelinguisticphenomenoninbusinesssocietyandcultureandafunctionalvariantofmodernEnglish.WiththegradualdeepeningofChina'seconomicglobalization,thedemandforcompositeandapplication-orientedbusinesstranslationtalentsinthehumanresourcesmarkethasbeenexpanding,andaccordingtotheresearchdataofemployersandtheschoolingpracticeofbusinessEnglishmajorsovertheyears,"application-oriented"talentswithsolidlanguageknowledgebase,interculturalcommunicationabilityandpracticalapplicationabilityofbusinessEnglisharethefocusofenterprises'hiringandtraining.AccordingtotheresearchdataofemployersandthepracticeofbusinessEnglishmajors,"application-oriented"talentswithsolidlanguageknowledge,cross-culturalcommunicationskillsandpracticalapplicationofbusinessEnglisharethefocusofhiringandtrainingforenterprises.''Context'',thatis,thespeechenvironment,includesbothlinguisticandnon-linguisticfactors.Suchfactorsastime,space,situation,anddiscoursepremise,whicharecloselyrelatedtotheuseofwords,areallcontextualfactors.TheconceptwasfirstproposedbyBritishanthropologistMalinowskiinasupplementtohisbookTheMeaningofMeaning.Inthebook,hedistinguishedbetween"situationalcontext"and"culturalcontext"or"linguisticcontext"and"non-linguisticcontext"TheLondonSchoolLater,FirthoftheLondonSchoolextendedthemeaningofcontexttotheupperandlowerpanelsofdiscourse,andeventotherelationshipbetweendiscourseandsocialenvironment.ZhangZhigong,acontemporarylinguistinChina,dividescontextintoreal,broadlinguisticenvironmentsintermsofcontent.TheBritishlinguistHanLiddellfurthercategorizescontextualfactorsintothreecomponents,includingfield,communicator,andmode.Ingeneral,despitethedifferencesinacademicviewsonthemeaningofcontext,therearenomajorcontradictionsintheconceptualizations.Inthisregard,thedefinitionofcontextcanbesummarizedasfollows:Context,ortheenvironmentinwhichlanguageisused,consistsofasetoffactorsthatexpressaspecificmeaningforlanguageandarecloselyrelatedtoverbalcommunication.Contextscanbedividedintothreecategories:discoursecontext,situationalcontext,andculturalcontext.Theso-calledsemantics,thelinguisticsignifier,theplaneofmeaningofthelinguisticstructurethatconsistsofsoundandmeaning.Semanticsischaracterizedbysymbols,wherethesymbolsareinseparabledualsconsistingoftwomentalentities,theenergyandthereference.Hanningmentionsinhisarticlethat"BusinessEnglishisaspeciallanguageforspecialpurposesandhasitsownspecificusageenvironment.Whenitentersaspecificspeechactivity,itoftenhasaveryrichandcomplexsemanticmeaning,withthemeaningofthelanguageitselfandthemeaninggiventothelanguagebythebusinessenvironment."Intheprocessofsemanticinterpretation,itshouldberelatedtothespecificcontext,takingitsbasicsemanticmeaningasthestartingpoint,derivingortakingthemeaningofwords,andselectingamoreappropriatemeaningfromit.Thefollowingisaselectionfromthemonetarypolicyreport"InternationalDevelopments":tradeandforeignGDPgrowthslowed,higheroilpricesandTheappreciationofsomeforeigncurrenciesagainstthedollar.Fromthebusinesscontextofthissentence,itisobviousthatthewords"appreciation"and"appreciation"cannotbeinterpretedintheoriginalsense,butshouldbetreatedasderivativemeaning.appreciationshouldbeinterpretedasincreaseinvalue,whichmeanstoaddvalueandincreasetheprice;whileagainstshouldbeinterpretedasinreturnfor,whichmeansastheexchangeofChapter2ApplicabilityofCommunicativeTranslationTheoryinBusinessEnglishTranslation2.1TheNeedtoRationalizeCulturalinequalitiesBetweenCountriesEconomicglobalizationhasbroughtgreatopportunitiesandchallengestovariouscountries.Duetothegeographicaldifferencesofeachcountry,therearehugedifferencesinnationalculture,customsandhabitsofeachcountry,andthereisaphenomenonofinequalityinthecultureofeachcountry.Thepurposeofcommunicativetranslationtheoryistoexpressthemainideaoftheoriginaltextthroughappropriatelanguage,andtoachievethesamemeaningofthetranslatedtextastheoriginaltext,andtomakethereadersfeelthesamereadingeffectastheoriginalauthor,soastoachievethepurposeofaccuratecommunication.Therefore,intheenvironmentwheretherearehugedifferencesbetweenChineseandWesternnationalcultures,translatorsshouldunderstandandmasterthenationalculturesofdifferentcountriesanduseappropriatelanguagetoexchangethenationalculturesofeachcountrywithequivalentinformation.InpracticalEnglishapplications,itoftenhappensthatthesamewordhasdifferentmeaningsindifferentculturalcontexts.Forexample,rabbitrepresentsaverycuteanimalinChina,andthereare""BigWhiteRabbit""milkcandiesnamedafterrabbits,whichareverypopularamongthenation.However,forAustralia,rabbitsarenotapopularanimal.Theycandestroygrasslands,competewithcattleandsheepforfood,anddestroylocalagriculture.Australiansconsiderrabbitstobeabadanimal.Therefore,whentranslatingtheChinese"WhiteRabbit"milkcandybrand,itshouldnotbedirectlytranslatedas"WhiteRabbit",otherwise,itwillbringgreatinfluencetothebrand.2.2EquivalentTransferofInformationItisexpressedintheviewpointofcommunicativetranslationtheorythatthepurposeoftranslationistoaccuratelyconveytheinformationoftheoriginaltext,andalltheworkdoneintranslationmustservethetranslationeffectoftheoveralltranslation.ThemostbasicrequirementofbusinessEnglishtranslationistokeeptheinformationinthetranslationequivalenttotheinformationintheoriginaltextandtorealizetheequivalenttransmissionofinformation.Inthiscase,whentranslationworkerstranslatesomespecialinformation,theyshouldhandletheinformationaccordinglyaccordingtodifferentculturaldifferencesanddifferentenvironments.IntherealbusinessEnglishtranslation,therearemanytranslatorswhomakedirecttranslationoftheterms,sothattheinformationexpressedbythetermsbeforetranslationandtheinformationexpressedaftertranslationcannotbeequal,andthusmanymistakesoccur.Forexample,many"StateSecond-classEnterprise"inChinaaretranslatedas"StateSecond-classEnterprise",whileSecond-classInEnglish,"Second-class"hasthemeaningofdecliningquality,whichnotonlyaffectstheimageoftheenterprise,butalsobringsbadinfluencetotheexpansionanddevelopmentoftheenterprise.Wecanuse"State-levelⅡEnterprise"totranslatethisword,whichisrelativelymuchbetter.Therefore,inbusinessEnglishtranslation,translatorsshouldbeextremelyresponsiblefortheirownworktopreventsimilarincidentsfromoccurringandbringingbadeffects.2.3AccurateUseofWordsSincebusinessEnglishisaprofessionaltechnicalactivity,directlyrelatedtotheeconomicinterestsofenterprises,so,inbusinessEnglishtranslation,thetranslatormustbestrictandaccurateinwording,andthesurfacemeaningshouldnotonlybeaccurate,butalsointhedeepermeaningexpressedshouldbeaccuratelyconveyed.Ifinthetranslation,therearemanywordsfordirecttranslation,withoutthecorrespondingbusinessknowledgeasaguide,itcannotaccuratelyexpresstheoriginal'meaning,andevencontradicttheoriginalmeaning.Forexample,indailylife,wewilltranslatewhitewinedirectlyinto"whitewine",literally,ourtranslationseemstohavenoerror.However,inEnglish,"wine"generallyreferstowinemadefromfruit,suchasapplewine.When"wine"isnotprecededbyanymodifier,itmeanswine,whichmeans"whitewine"inastraightforwardsense.Thismakesadifferencebetweenthewordandtheexpression,whichcanleadtoerrors.Chapter3ApplicationofCommunicativeTranslationTheoryinBusinessEnglishTranslation 3.1DirectTranslationinBusinessEnglishTranslation.InbusinessEnglishtranslation,itisgenerallydividedintothreeparts:directtranslation,paraphraseandtranscreation.AndtheapplicationofcommunicativetranslationtheoryinbusinessEnglishtranslationdoesnotnegatethestatusofsemantictranslationinbusinessEnglishtranslation,andtheapplicationofcommunicativetranslationtheoryindirecttranslationalsofullyprovesthispoint.ThedirecttranslationinbusinessEnglishtranslationismainlydividedintotwokinds.Oneismeaningtranslation.Meaningfuldirecttranslationisadirecttranslationbasedonthegrammaticalcontentandlexicalstructureoftheoriginaltext,inwhichnospecialadjustmentisadded.Inmanywords,ChinaandtheWesthavereachedacertainconsensus,andtheexpressionsofthewordsareconsistent.Forexample,weoftenmentionthephrase"Goodgoodstudy,daydayup",andthedirecttranslationofitis"好好学习天天向上",whichcanfullyexpresstheeducationalawarenessoftheWestandChina.Anotherkindofdirecttranslationispronunciationdirecttranslation,asthenameimplies,therearesomewordsinEnglishcanbetranslatedintoChinesebypronunciation,andtheapplicationofthesewordsisalsomoreextensive,suchas"model",whichcanbedirectlytranslatedintoChineseas"模特"."salon"canbedirectlytranslatedas"沙龙".Thistranslationmethodisamorecommonphenomenon.Thedirecttranslationapplicationofcommunicativetranslationtheoryissimpleandeasytounderstand,whichiseasilyacceptedbybothcountries,andatthesametime,itcanprovideabettercommunicationcontext,withboththeflavorofthenationallanguageandthelanguagestyleoftheothercountry,whichisconducivetothecommunicationandcooperationofbothcountries.3.2TheMeaningofBusinessEnglishTranslation.Byunderstandingtheinnermeaningoftheoriginaltext,thefigurativeexpressionofthecontentiscarriedoutsoastorealizethetransmissionofinformation.ThiswayoftranslationisthecommunicativetranslationtheoryinbusinessEnglishtranslationintheformofmeaningtranslation.EnglishandChinesearesimilarinmanywaysofexpression.Forexample,theuseofmetaphorsforcertainthingsoractionsisoftenusedinEnglish.IfwemeetEnglishwithmetaphorsandothertechniques,wecannotachieveagoodtranslationeffectifweusedirecttranslation,whichwillalsohinderthenormalcommunicationbetweenthetwosides.Forexample,thedirecttranslationof"Hewasbornwithasilverspooninhismouth"canbetranslatedas"Hewasbornwithasilverspooninhismouth".Thisphraseisobviouslynotinlinewithcommonsense.Itisalsonoteasytounderstandthedeepermeaningofthissentence.Incontrast,theapplicationofcommunicativetranslationtheorycanassociatethissentencewithmetaphorsandtranslateitsothatthemeaningoftheoriginaltextcanbetrulyappreciated.Infact,thepersonwhocanbebornwithasilverspooninhismouthmeansthatheisricherfrombirth.Inthenormalexpression,itisnormaltohavepronunciationorunclearexpressionofthetext,wecanusethetheoryofcommunicativetranslationtomakereasonableadjustmenttoit,whichcanmakethebusinessEnglishtranslationachievebetterresults.3.3TranscreationinBusinessEnglishTranslationInbusinessEnglishtranslation,theapplicationofdirecttranslationandmeaningtranslationofcommunicativetranslationtheoryisrelativelysimpleandeasytounderstandintermsofapplicationandexpression,whiletranscreationrequirestranslatorswithstrongprofessionalskillsandprofoundculturalknowledgeaccumulationtoexpressthemeaningoftheoriginaltexttothefullest.Thetranslationcannotbedonethroughliteralormetaphoricaltranslationoftheoriginaltextalone,butmustconvertthethingsdescribedintheoriginaltextintoanotherkindofthingsandmakemoreadjustmentstorealizethecommunicationandexchangebetweenthetwocultures,whichismuchmoredifficultthanthedirecttranslationortheItaliantranslation.Forexample,theForbiddenCityinChinaisarepresentativepartofChina'shistoricalandculturalheritage,aswellasafamoustouristdestination,whichispopularamongChineseandforeigntourists.ButfortheForbiddenCity,itistranslatedas"ForbiddenCity"inEnglish.Thistranslationisnotadirecttranslation,becausethepurplecolorisnottranslated.Butitisnotatranslationeither,forifitwereatranslation,thereshouldbenoconnectionbetweentheexpressionandtheliteralexpressionofthetext,anditis,soitisnotatranslationeither.Therefore,thistranslationisaparaphrasethatcanadequatelyrepresenttheForbiddenCity.Theapplicationofthetheoryofcommunicativetranslationcantransformonethingintoanotherfordescription,andcanalsotransferthestaticanddynamictoeachother,soastofinallyachievethetransmissionofinformationandtheperceptionofideas.Chapter4ConclusionInbusinessEnglishtranslation,thetheoryofcommunicativetranslationisaverymeticuloustasktoaccomplishtheformoftextualexpressionfromthesurfacetotheinside,graduallyleadingtotheconnotation.Thisconnotationentailsmasteringthekeypointsoftranslationofwordsbetweendifferentculturesbasedo