现在完成时课件

现在完成时现在完成时现在完成时现在完成时1.过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。2.过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态动词构成：have/has+v过去分词hadbreakfastIhavejusthadmybreakfast.(现在我不饿)I’mnothungrynowmovedherein2000IstilllivehereIhavelivedhereforsixyears.Ihavelivedheresince2000/12yearsago.now现在完成时现在完成时的构成：“have/has+过去分词”现在完成时的肯定回式、否定式和疑问式及简单回答。（以动词do为例）肯定式I/Youhavedonethework.He/She/Ithasdonethework.We/You/Theyhavedonethework.否定式I/Youhavenot/haven’tdonethework.He/She/Ithasnot/hasn’tdonethework.We/You/Theyhavenot/haven’tdonethework.疑问式HaveI/youdonethework?Hashe/she/itdonethework?Havewe/you/theydonethework?简单回答Yes,you/Ihave.No,you/Ihaven’t.Yes,he/she/ithas.No,he/she/ithasn’t.Yes,you/we/theyhave.No,you/we/theyhaven’t.现在完成时现在完成进行时的构成：“have/hasbeendoing”现在完成进行时的肯定回式、否定式和疑问式及简单回答。（以动词work为例）肯定式I/We/You/Theyhavebeenworking.He/She/Ithasbeenworking.否定式I/We/You/Theyhavenotbeenworking.He/She/Ithasnotbeenworking.疑问式HaveIbeenworking?Havewe/you/theybeenworking?Hashe/she/itbeenworking?简单回答Yes,youhave.No,youhaven’t.Yes,you/we/theyhave.No,you/we/theyhaven’t.Yes,he/she/ithas.No,he/she/ithasn’t.现在完成时现在完成时一、现在完成时的用法表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响，常和just,already,never，ever，yet,notyet，before等状语连用。

Hehasjustturnedoffthelight.

（灯关了,现在也是灭的.）现在完成时现在完成时

Ihavealreadydonethedishes.

（盘子洗了，现在是干净的。）

Shehasn’tfinishedherhomeworkyet.

（她作业还没有完成，还需要花时间去做。）

Ihavevisitedyourschoolbefore.

（我以前参观过你的学校。）现在完成时

如果只表示过去动作的结果时，句子中也可以不用时间状语。Ihavelostmykeys.

（我钥匙丢了。）Someonehasbrokenthewindow.

（有人打破了窗户。）Weknowhehaspassedthemathexam.

（我们知道他数学考试已及格。）现在完成时2.表示从过去某一时间开始，并一直持续到现在（说话时动作刚刚结束或还要继续进行下去）（此时常用现在完成进行时）的动作或状态，常和表示一段时间的状语连用，如for…,since,thesedays,today,thisweek/,inthepast/lastfewdays等，此时动词常用延续性动词。

Wehaveknowneachothersincewewerechildren.（我们还是孩子时就相互认识。）

Hehaslivedherefor20years. （他已在这儿住了二十年。）现在完成时IhavebeenlearningEnglishfor5years. （我学英语已经五年了。）

IhaveneverbeentotheGreatWall. （我从未去过长城。）非延续性动词在否定结构中可以跟表示一段时间的时间状语：Ihaven’tseenyouforalongtime.现在完成时二．现在完成时需要注意的问题

1.完成时中短暂性的动词一般不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。常见的这类动词有：

appear,begin,start,borrow,buy,close,come,die,fall,find,finish,join,leave,lend,sell,stop短暂性动词与延续性动词的转换：

leave/go---havebeenaway;join---havebeena…/in…marry---havebeenmarried(to)..;buy---havehad;borrow---havekept;makefriendswithsb.---havebeenfriendswithsb.;come---have/hasbeen…;die---havebeendead/havebeenaway,begin/gettoknow---haveknown…现在完成时Wemadefriendswitheachother/becamefriendsinOctober,1997.

Wehavebeenfriendsfor10years.Mybrotherjoinedthearmytwoyearsago.

Mybrotherhasbeenasoldierfortwoyears.

Mybrotherhasbeeninthearmyfortwoyears.现在完成时2.现在完成时不能和明确表示过去时间的状语连用，如：yesterday,lastweek,in1999,twodaysago,justnow,whenIcamein等。但可以和不明确指出时间的状语连用。如：already,yet,before,never,ever,lately,recently,once等。1)Isawhimyesterday.Ihaveseenhimbefore.2)Shelivedherein1980.Shehaslivedheresince1980.Shehaslivedherefor24years.现在完成时3.have/hasbeen和have/hasgone的区别表示“曾经去过某地”要用“have/hasbeento”；表示“已经了某地还未回来”要用“have/hasgoneto”;

表示“在某地呆了多久”用have/hasbeeninIhavebeentoShanghaithreetimes.HehasneverbeentotheGreatWall.Mr.Wangisnothere.HehasgonetoShanghai.TheGreenshavebeeninChinafor3years.现在完成时I,finish,homeworkIhaven’tfinishedmyhomework.Haveyoufinishedyourhomework?Yes,Ihave./No,Ihaven’t.Ihavefinishedmyhomework.1.她成为一名护士已经三年了。2.我五年前就认识李雷了。3.那些相片我已经寄给他了。（post）4.我来到这个学校后，他就一直教我。5.我刚丢了我的历史书。Shehasbeenanurseforthreeyears.IhaveknownLileisincefiveyearsago.Ihavealreadypostedthephotostohim.HehastaughtmesinceIcametotheschool.Ihavejustlostmyhistorybook.现在完成时区分短暂性动词与持续性动词.表示短暂性(瞬间性)的动词在现在完成时的句中不能和一段时间连用.即for,since短语或howlong问句现在完成时come/arrivegooutleavebeginbuyborrowjoindiecatchacoldbeat/in…beoutbeaway(from)beonhavekeepbeamemberofbedeadhaveacold现在完成时改错:Howlonghaveyoubecomealeaguemember？

Formorethanoneyear.Haveyouarrivedheresincelastnight?Yes，you’reright.Thedoghasdiedforamonth.HehasgonetoShanghaitwice.Howlonghaveyoubeenatthisschool?Sincetwoyears.beenbeenbeendeadbeenago.现在完成时MakingsentencesThey___________(go)tothecinemaalready.Mr.AndMrs.Li________________(notcome)backyet.John______________(be)totheUSAafewtimes.We_______________(notsee)thatfilmyetI__________________(nottalk)tomycousinsincelastFriday.You_________________(notvisit)meforalongtime.havegonehavenotcomehasbeenhavenotseenhavenottalkedhavenotvisited现在完成时ChattimeM:______you____(see)anyfilmsrecently,Sandy?S:No,I_______.Whataboutyou?M:Yes,I_____________(see)one.S:Whatisitabout?M:I______________(forget)thetitle.It’saboutHongKong.Haveseenhaven’thaveseenhaveforgotten现在完成时S:______yourcousin____(go)withyou?M:No,he_______.He___