词性句子成分课件高中英语初高中衔接

PartofSpeech

词性Partofspeech词性

Noun名词Pronoun代词Adjective形容词Adverb副词Conjunction连词Preposition介词Verb动词Interjection感叹词Article冠词Number数词名词(n.)anidea一个建议idea,suggestionathing一样东西computer,foodaplace地点Beijing,mountain,school是什么？aperson人物Tom,sonAwordmeans代词(pron.)PersonalPronouns人称代词I,me,mineyou,your,yoursshe,her,hers,it,itswe,us,our,oursthey,them,their,theirsmyselfyourselfIndefinitePronouns不定代词anybodyeacheithernonesomeone,one,etc.InterrogativePronouns疑问代词whowhomwhatwhichwhoseDemonstrativePronouns

指示代词this,thatthese,those代指名词动词(v.)表示动作或者帮助说明一种情况的词。系动词情态动词助动词实义动词动词(v.)实义动词有实际含义的动词，如eat,drink,ride,run,walk分类：1)及物动词vt Iloveyou.2)不及物动词vi I’mswimming.动词(v.)情态动词：协助表达感情或态度的词。注意：1.常见情态动词：can,could,may,might,will,would,shall,should,must,oughtto2.情态动词后加动词原形！3.情态动词不能单独作谓语，和后面动词原形一起作谓语！动词(v.)系动词：辅助主语，说明主语的性质、状态、特征。系动词分类：be动词(am,is,are,was,were)表感官(feel,look,smell,sound,taste)表似乎(seem,appear)表变化(get,become,turn,grow,go,fall)表保持(remain,keep,stay,continue,stand)+形容词！动词(v.)助动词：帮助动词构成否定、疑问、时态、语态等。Ilikeapples. 否定句 Idon’tlikeapples.

疑问句

Doyoulikeapples?我已经完成了作业。Ihavefinishedmyhomework.这个苹果被吃了。Theapplewaseaten.形容词(adj.)修饰或者描述名词或代词，翻译“的”。例：Sheisabeautifulgirl.Thisisanewbook.Modifiesordescribesaverb,anadjective,oranotheradverb.修饰或者描述动词、形容词Modifiesordescribesaverb,anadjective,oranotheradverb.修饰或者描述动词、形容词、副词、句子、副词、句子。副词(adv.)修饰或者描述动词、形容词、副词、句子，翻译“地”。Sheisavery

beautifulgirl.Sherunsquickly.Sherunsquicklyenoughtocomehere.Luckily,shestillhasmoneynow.Modifiesordescribesaverb,anadjective,oranotheradverb.修饰或者描述动词、形容词Modifiesordescribesaverb,anadjective,oranotheradverb.修饰或者描述动词、形容词、副词、句子、副词、句子。数词(num.)基数词：表示数量，如one,two...序数词：表示顺序，如first,second...注意：1.序数词前要有冠词the或限定词如my,Tom’s2.几十变序数词把y变ieth，如thirty-thirtiethModifiesordescribesaverb,anadjective,oranotheradverb.修饰或者描述动词、形容词Modifiesordescribesaverb,anadjective,oranotheradverb.修饰或者描述动词、形容词、副词、句子、副词、句子。冠词(art.)限定名词不定冠词a/an:泛指、首次出现、表一个a:辅音因素前，注意useful,unique,university...an:元音因素前，注意hour,honest,honor...定冠词the:特指序数词/最高级前、再次出现、后有限定Modifiesordescribesaverb,anadjective,oranotheradverb.修饰或者描

X-BOW

describesaverb,anadjective,oranotheradverb.修饰或者描述动词、形容词、副词、句子、副词、句子。介词(prep.)引入名词、代词、动名词等。for,from,in,into,at,about,against,to,by,of,on,with,withoutModifiesordescribesaverb,anadjective,oranotheradverb

describesaverb,anadjective,oranotheradverb.修饰或者描述动词、形容词、副词、句子、副词、句子。连词(conj.)连接词、短语、句子。andorbuteither/orneither/norModifiesordescribesaverb,anadjective,oranotheradverb

describesaverb,anadjective,oranotheradverb.修饰或者描述动词、形容词、副词、句子、副词、句子。感叹词(interj.)表达情绪感情的词。Goodness!Whatacutebaby!Wow!Lookatthatsunset!ConclusionModifiesordescribesaverb,anadjective,oranotheradverb

describesaverb,anadjective,oranotheradverb.修饰或者描述动词、形容词、副词、句子、副词、句子。Oops!(interj.)My(pron.)

sister(n.)falls(v.)

into(prep.)

a(art.)big(adj.)

hole(n.)

and(conj.)

cries(v.)loudly(adv.)WritedownthepartofspeechforeachwordOops!Mysisterfallsintoabigholeandcriesloudly!Lead-in中英文对比差异中文：在星期天的早上我吃了早饭。相同点：都有句子结构成分，主谓宾状不同点：句序不一样英文：Ihad

breakfast

onSundaymorning.主语谓语宾语状语句子成分Isaw

acutedogrunninginthepark.Isaw

acute

dog.Isaw

adog.Modifiesordescribesaverb,anadjective,oranotheradverb

describesaverb,anadjective,oranotheradverb.修饰或者描述动词、形容词、副词、句子、副词、句子。句子成分英语的基本成分有七种：主语、谓语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、状语、定语。Modifiesordescribesaverb,anadjective,oranotheradverb

describesaverb,anadjective,oranotheradverb.修饰或者描述动词、形容词、副词、句子、副词、句子。句子成分基本句型一：

Ｓ

Ｖ

（主＋谓）基本句型二：

Ｓ

Ｖ

Ｏ

（主＋谓＋宾）

基本句型三：

Ｓ

Ｖ

Ｐ

（主＋系＋表）基本句型四：

Ｓ

Ｖ

ｏ

Ｏ

（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）基本句型五：

Ｓ

Ｖ

Ｏ

Ｃ

（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）Membersofasentence:ThinkandtalkThecarrunsfast.Sheiskind.EightisaluckynumberinChina.Swimmingismyfavorite.Toseeistobelieve.Whatweneedistime.名词动名词动词不定式代词数词主语从句主语主语

(S-subject):表明句子说的是谁或什么情况，一般可由名词、代词、数词、动名词、动词不定式、主语从句等充当。Membersofasentence:Thinkandtalk

Hereads

abook.

TheboylikesEnglish.

Theriverflows.

Thesunrises.及物动词及物动词不及物动词不及物动词谓语（动词）谓语(V-verb)：说明主语的动作或状态，一般由及物动词和不及物动词充当。Membersofasentence:Thinkandtalk宾语(O-object):表示动作、行为的对象；宾语一般可由名词、代词、数词、动名词、动词不定式等充当；及物动词后称为动词宾语，介词后称为介词宾语；有些动词可接双宾语(即直接宾语→常指物，和间接宾语→常指人)。

Hereadsabook.

Helovesher.

Hewantsthree.

Helikesswimming.

Shewantstofly.

Hewaitsforthechance.

Heboughtheracoat.名词代词

数词动名词不定式

her：间接宾语；acoat：直接宾语名词(介宾)宾语（跟在动词或介词后面）Membersofasentence:Thinkandtalk系动词(linkingverb):状态系动词，表示主语的状态、身份等。常见的系动词有：be动词(am,is,are),感官系动词(feel,smell,taste,sound等)等。

Iamhappy.

Thedayturnslong.

Hegetsangry.

Heseemsill.系动词Membersofasentence:Thinkandtalk表语(P-predicative)：用在系动词之后,说明主语“是什么”“怎么样”；一般可由名词、形容词、动名词、动词不定式、代词、数词、介词短语等充当。

Sheisadoctor.

Theclothfeelssoft.

Hisfavoritesportisrunning.

Yourtaskistofindoutthecost.

Thehelperishim.

TheluckynumberinChinaiseight.

Sheisintheroom.

名词形容词动名词代词不定式数词介词短语表语Membersofasentence:Thinkandtalk定语(attribute)：用来修饰或限制名词或代词的成分;一般可由形容词、非谓语动词、名词、数词、

冠词、介词短语等充当。anicegirl

three

cups

somethingtoeatasleepingbabytheburntfoodacatintheroomashoe

shop形容词现在分词名词不定式数词介词短语过去分词定语(限定修饰)Membersofasentence:Thinkandtalk状语(adverbial):用来修饰动词,形容词,副词或整个句子的成分；说明时间、地点、方式、原因、结果、条件、让步、程度、频率、伴随、目的等;一般可由副词或介词短语充当。

walkslowly

verygood

quitewell

Hehaslivedtherefortenyears.状语Membersofasentence:Thinkandtalk宾语补足语(Objectcomplement):用来补充说明宾语的情况。

Sheencouragedherstudentstostudyhard.

Hegetsthefloorclean.

Hesawabirdflyingoverhishead.

Shethinkshimagoodteacher.宾补句子成分Isaw

acutedogrunninginthepark.Isaw

acute

dog.Isaw

adog.SV和SVO的区别

Thesunwasshining.

Themoonrose.

Iwin.

Who

cares?1.主谓(SV)：S+Vi（不及物动词）

Whoknows

theanswer?

Heenjoys

reading.

Theyate

whatwasleftover.

Iwant

tohaveacupoftea.2.主谓宾(SVO)：S+Vt(及物动词)+OModifiesordescribesaverb,anadjective,oranotheradverb

describesaverb,anadjective,oranotheradverb.修饰或者描述动词、形容词、副词、句子、副词、句子。句子成分

（答案）Ⅰ.请写出下列句子成分。1.Theloudvoice

made

him

angry.

主语

谓语

宾语

宾补

2.Thelittleboy

isasking

theteacher

allkindsofquestions.

主语

谓语

间接宾语

直接宾语

3.Myfather

bought

meabeautifulbag.

主语

谓语

间宾

直接宾语Modifiesordescribesaverb,anadjective,oranotheradverb

describesaverb,anadjective,oranotheradverb.修饰或者描述动词、形容词