大学英语六级考试模拟试卷七（带答案）

大学英语六级考试模拟试卷七

（总分：710.00,做题时间：130分钟）

PartIWriting（总题数:1,分数:0,00）

1.Directions:Writeashortessaybasedonthepicturebelow.Youshouldstart

youressaywithabriefaccountofStudyinginCollegesorThroughtheInternet?And

thenexplaindifferentpeople'sopinion.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsbutno

morethan200words.

（分数：106.50）

正确答案：（［范文］

StudyinginCollegesorThroughtheInternet?

Itisapprentlyportrayedinthecartoontherearetwopersonswhoareargue

witheachotheraboutthatweshouldstudyincollegeorthroughtheInternet.When

itcomestothechoicebetweenstudyingintraditionalcollegesandself-studying

throughtheInternet,differentpeopleholddifferentviews.

Somearguethattheycanlearnbetterincolleges,whileothersbelievethat

therearemoreadvantagestostudyingthroughtheInternet.Intheeyesofthefirst

groupofpeople,studyingincollegesisbeneficialtotheirstudyforthefollowing

reasons.Firstly,theyfeelmoreathomeincolleges,becausetothem,it'samore

"natural"wayofstudy.Secondly,theycancommunicatewiththeteachersand

schoolmateseasily,whichwillhelpthemtodeveloptheirinterpersonalskills.In

comparison,thosewhoargueforself-studyhavetheirargumentsasfollows.Onone

hand,theycansavealotoftimeofgoingtoandfromschool.Ontheotherhand,

theycanlistentothelecturesofallthebestteachersavailableontheInternet.

Asdiscussedabove,itisobviousthateachsidehasitsdistinctivefeatures.I

thinkthebestchoiceistousetheInternetasoftenaspossiblewhilestayingon

campus.）

解析：本文是一篇看图作文，从图画的内容可以看出话题是在校学习和通

过网络学习，哪种方式更好。文章可分为三段：第一段引出这两种方式，并指出

不同的人持有不同的观点。第二段论证支持在校学习更好的观点，并给出两个支

持的理由。接着赞成网络学习更好的观点，并给出理由。第三段指出作者对这两

种学习方式的看法，总结全文。

在校学习，还是网上学习？

很明显，上面这幅画描绘了两个正在争论究竟是在校学习好呢还是在网上

学习好。对于选择在传统高校中学习，还是通过网络自学，不同的人有着不同的

看法。

一些人认为在高校中他们能学得更好，而另一些人则认为网络学习具有更

多优势。在第一种人的眼中，在高校中学习有利于他们的学业，原因如下：第一，

在学校中他们感到轻松自在，这是一种更加“自然”的学习方式。其次，他们能

够轻松地与老师、同学沟通，这有助于他们培养人际关系技巧。相比之下，那些

赞成自学的人们观点如下：一方面，他们能够省下很多花在上、放学途中的时间。

另一方面，他们可以在网上听到所有的名师授课。

综上所述，显然二者都具有其鲜明的特点。我认为，最佳选择是在校期间

尽量使用网络资源。

PartIIListeningComprehension（总题数：0,分数：0.00）

SectionA（总题数：8,分数：0.00）

.QuestionsIto4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

1.（分数：28.40）

A.Sheattendedoneoftheirmeetings.

B.Herroommateisamember.

C.Shesawthemprotesting.

D.Shereadabouttheminthenewspaper.V

解析：［听力原文］

W:Hi.

M:Hi,I'mgoingdoortodoortonighttotellpeopleabouttheStudentAction

Coalition.Doyouhaveafewminutes?

W:Sure.Youknow,IthinkIreadsomethinginthenewspaperlastweek.

M:Yeah.Therewasanarticleaboutusinthelastissue.See,we'retryingto

protectandconservesomeoftheopenspacesoncampus.

W:That'sright.Youandyourgroupareopposingtheextensionoftheparking

lotnexttoSwainHall,right?

M:That'sus.Wejustfeelthatit'simportanttosavesomeofthenatural

beautyofthecampus,likeoverbySwain.Someofthosetreesarehundredsofyears

old.

W:Itisaprettyspot.MyfriendsandI'vehadpicnicsovertherebythecreek.

M:Thenyou'llunderstandhowwefeel,We'reorganizingarallyonThursday

afternoontogettheadministrationtoreconsidertheparkinglotplan.

W:Well,IhaveaclassonThursdayafternoon.

M:But,maybeyoucansignthispetition.We'regoingtosubmitittothe

administrationtodemonstratehowthestudentsfeelaboutthis.

W:Sure.LetmegetapenandI'llsignit.

M:Ihaveapenrighthere.Andletmeleaveyouthispamphletaboutthe

StudentActionCoalition.Maybeyoucancometosomeofourmeetings.Weget

togetheronceamonth.

W:Yeah,I'dliketoknowmoreaboutyourgroup.Letmeknowwhenthenext

meetingisandI'lltrytobethere.

HowdidthewomanfirstlearnabouttheStudentActionCoalition?

细节题。对话中女士提到了她是在上周的一份报纸的最后一版的一篇文章中

得知学生联合行动会的。

.Questions5to8arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

5.（分数:28.40）

A.Shehasatemperature.

B.Shesuffersfromaheadache.

C.Shehasasorethroat.V

D.Sheoftenfeelsdizzy.

解析：［听力原文］

M:Hello,Miss.Whatbringsyouheretoday?

W:Iamnotfeelingmyself.Thishasbeengoingonfordays,andIhaveasore

throat.

M:Don'tworry.Letmehaveacheck.Doyouhaveafeverorheadache?

W:No.ButI'mafraidIfeltalittledizzywhenIgotupthismorning.

M:Well,openwideandsay"Aaa".

W:Aaa.

M:Eh,yourthroatlooksalittlered.Letmecheckyourtongue...Mmm,it

seemsokay.

W:Doctor,what'sthematterwithme?

M:Well,thereisnothingserious,andyouneedn'tworry.Nowtellme,did

yousleeplaterecently?

W:Totellyouthetroth,Istayedupverylatelastweekandonlysleptfouror

fivehourseverynight.Mytermpaperwascrushingthevitalityoutofme.Itriedmy

besttoprepareforit.

M:Thatmayexplainsomething.Youarewearingyourselfout.Nowwhatyou

shoulddoishaveagoodrestanddrinkmorewater.

W:That'sall?Ithoughtyouwouldgivemealotofmedicineandaskmeto

stayinbedforacoupleofdays.Thankheavens!IalmostthoughtIwasdying!

M:Youreallyneedn'tworry.Justtakecareofyourbedtime.Lackingofsleep

canleadalotofproblems.Youdon'twanttobeillduringthesummervacation,do

you?

W:Ofcoursenot.Thankyousomuch.Goodbye!

M:Bye.

Whatiswrongwiththewoman?

细节题。女士说感觉不舒服，而且这已经有一段时间了，她还感觉嗓子疼，

但她否认有发烧或者头疼的症状。

SectionB（总题数:7,分数:0.00）

.Questions9to12arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

1.（分数：28.40）

A.Hotduringthedayandcoldatnight.V

B.Coldduringthedayandhotatnight.

C.Hotdayandnight.

D.Colddayandnight.

解析：［听力原文］

TheGobiDesertinAsiaisoneofthelargestdesertareasintheworld.It

stretchesacrossmostofMongoliaandthenorthofChina.Itisshutinbymountains

tothenorth,southandwest.Insummer;itisveryhotduringtheday,butatnight

thetemperaturefallssteeply.Inwinter,itisverycoldandtherearesnowstorms.

ThereisverylittlewaterintheGobiDesert.Itrainsverylittleandthereare

justafewstreamsandnobigriversatall.Mostoftheareaisbarerock.Insummer,a

littlecoarsegrassandsomethornybushesgrowthere.Insomeplaces,thereisjust

enoughgrasstofeedafewsheep,horsesandcamels.

About1,300yearsago,ayoungChinesetravelersetouttocrossthedesert.

HisnamewasHsuan-Tsangandhewasjust19yearsold.Hisfriendsandtheguideall

turnedback.Theydidnotwanttoriskcrossingthedesert.SoHsuan-Tsangwenton

alone.Herodeahorsewhichhadcrossedthedesertmanytimesbefore.

Hsuan-Tsangtriedtofollowthetracksofcamelsandotheranimals.Hewasin

dangeroflosinghisway.Severaltimeshenearlydiedofthirst.Oncehewentforfive

dayswithoutwaterbeforehewassavedbyasuddenshower.Once,hewassavedby

hishorse.ItrefusedtogothewayHsuan-Tsangwantedandtookhimtoapoolof

water.

Sixteenyearslater,Hsuan-TsangwentbacktoChinaacrossthedesert.

WhatistheweatherlikeintheGobiDesertinsummer?

细节题。夏天时，戈壁沙漠白天很炎热，到了晚上气温就骤降。

.Questions13to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

5.（分数：21.30）

A.Toteachthedogtoperformtricks.

B.Toenablethedogtoregainitsnormalbehavior.

C.Tomakethedogawareofitsowner'sauthority.

D.Toprovidethedogwithoutletsforitswildbehaviors.V

解析：［听力原文］

Dogsaresocialanimalsandwithoutpropertraining,theywillbehavelikewild

animals.Theywillsoilyourhouse,destroyyourbelongings,barkexcessively,fight

otherdogsandevenbiteyou.Nearlyallbehaviorproblemsareperfectlynormaldog

activitiesthatoccuratthewrongtimeandplaceoraredirectedatthewrongthing.

Thekeytopreventingortreatingbehaviorproblemsislearningtoteachthedogto

redirectitsnormalbehaviorstooutletsthatareacceptableinthedomesticsetting.

Oneofthebestthingsyoucandoforyourdogandyourselfistoobedience

training.Obediencetrainingdoesn'tsolveallbehaviorproblems,butitisthe

foundationforsolvingjustaboutanyproblems.Trainingopensupalineof

communicationbetweenyouandyourdog.Effectivecommunicationisnecessaryto

instructyourdogaboutwhatyouwanttodo.

Trainingisalsoaneasywaytoestablishthesocialrankorder.Whenyourdog

obeysasimplerequestof"comehere,sit."itisshowingobedienceandrespectfor

you.Itisnotnecessarytoestablishyourselfastopdogorleaderofthedogpackby

usingextrememeasures.Youcanteachyourdogitssubordinaterolebyteachingit

toshowsubmissiontoyou.Mostdogsloveperformingtricksforyoutopleasantly

acceptthatyouareincharge.

Trainingshouldbefunandrewardingforyouandyourdog.Itcanenrichyour

relationshipandmakeyourlivingtogethermoreenjoyable.Awell-traineddogis

moreconfidentandcanmoresafelybeallowedagreateramountoffreedomthan

anuntrainedanimal.

Whatistheprimarypurposeofobediencetraining?

推理题。文章一开头就提到了，狗的行为问题都是狗的正常活动，阻止或解

决这些行为问题的关键就是为狗提供可以发泄其行为的方式，后边进一步说，驯

服的手段是解决这些行为问题最好的办法之一。所以，结合起来判断，正确选项

应为D。

SectionC（总题数:10,分数:0.00）

.Nowlistentothefollowingrecordingandanswerquestions16to19.

1.（分数：56.80）

A.ItwasinspiredbyafriendofMark'swhoworksatNASA.

B.ltisthenameofanonlineeducationdiscussionlist.

C.ltwasstartedbyalocalsupermarket.

D.ltisanenvironmentaleducationproject.V

解析：［听力原文］

Nicole:Mark,IamtrulyimpressedwithhowsuccessfultheEarthDay

GroceriesProjecthasbeen.Howdidthisallcomeabout?

Mark:IgotanInternetaccountin1993fromNASAthatwasveryexcitingand

gotonsomeeducationaldiscussionlists.Itriedthisprojectatmyschools:borrowing

grocerybagsfromthelocalsupermarketwiththeagreementthatthekidswould

decoratethemandbringthemback,andthestorewoulddistributethemto

customersonEarthDay,April22.Itwouldbeanenvironmentaleducationproject

wherethestudentswereactuallyempoweredasteacherstoeducatetheir

communityontheimportanceofEarthDayandofprotectingtheirenvironmentand

soon.Andtheydidthatthroughtheartworkthattheyputoneachgrocerybag.It

wasahugehit.Iinvolvedmostoftheschoolthenextyear.Andafterthat,Iwanted

toshareitevenmore.TheInternetwasjuststartingwithdiscussionlistsfor

educators,andsoIsentthisinvitationouttoEdnetandKidspherein1994.Ireceived

responsesfrom43schools,mostlyintheU.S.andCanada.Therewereabout15,000

bagsdecoratedjustthroughthisonelittleannouncement!Iwasjustblownaway.

Thepowerofthismediumissomething!ThatsummerIbeganbuildingourschool

website.Andforthefirst4yearsofthisproject,theEarthDayGroceriesProjectwas

partofthatsite.Itcontinuedtogrow.Iestablisheditwithitsowndomainname

severalyearsago,and2yearsago,Isetitupasanonprofitorganization.Istillrunit

myself,butwedohaveaboard.Thereasonfordoingthatisthatitbecomeaverybig

projectintermsoftheamountoftimerequired.

Nicole:Lookingatthewebsite,it'sclearthatalotoftimeandeffortwentinto

theproject.Howdidyoudeveloptheskillsyouneededtoconstructthesite?

Mark:TherewerenobooksonHTML（hypertextmark-uplanguage,the

taggingsystemusedtocreatemostWebPages）publishedwhenIstartedworkingon

theschoolwebsite.Basically,Iwenttoafewwebsites,andIlookedatthesourceof

theWebPages.Ilearnedhowtocopyandpaste,putmyowninformationin,andlook

atthepagelocally.That'showIlearnedhowHTMLworked.ThenIfoundavery

simpleHTMLeditorandlearnedalittlebitmore.So,Iwasself-taught,andtrialand

errorwasoneofthefirstwaysthatIgotstarted.

Nicole:Howhavethingschangedsincethen?

Mark:Nowtherearealotbooks,andterrificonlineresourcesandcourses.

Theopportunitiestolearnareallovertheplace.Thebiggestchallengeforteachersis

findingthetimetodoit.that'sthebiggestchallengeforme一justfindingthetimeto

keepmyskills.

Nicole:Jean,introducingcomputersintotheclassroomseemslikea

somewhatunlikelythingforanartteachertodo.Whatpromptedyoutodoit?

Jean:Istartedconstructingwebpagesacoupleofyearsago,andjust

continuedtodevelopwithit.beinganartteacher,Ilikedoinganythingvisual,and

doingwebpagesbecameawayformetobecomevisuallyand"artically"challenged.

WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEabouttheEarthDayGroceries

Project?

主旨题。Mark在访谈开始介绍活动的时候就明确指出TheEarthDay

GroceriesProject是一项环境教育活动（Itwouldbeanenvironmentaleducation

project...）,因此本题正确答案为Do

.Nowlistentothefollowingrecordingandanswerquestions20to22.

5.（分数：42.60）

A.Rainusuallycomeswithoutthunderandlightning.V

B.ltisusuallydryinApril.

C.Childrenpaynoattentiontonaturalphenomena.

0.Parentsarenotinterestedinthunderandlightning.

解析：［听力原文］

AlthoughAprildidnotbringustherainsweallhopedfor,andalthoughthe

CentralValleydoesn'tgenerallyexperiencetheatmosphericsoundandlightningthat

canaccompanythoserains,it'sstillimportantforparentstobeabletoanswerthe

youthfulquestionsaboutthunderandlightning.

Thereasonthesetwowondersofnaturearesodifficultformanyadultsto

explaintochildrenisthattheyarenotverywellunderstoodbyadultsthemselves.

Forexample,didyouknowthatthelightningweseeflashingdowntotheearthfrom

acloudisactuallyflashinguptothecloudfromtheearth?Oureyestrickusinto

thinkingweseeadownwardmotionwhenit'sactuallytheotherwayaround.But

then,ifwebelievedonlywhatwethinkwesee,we'dstillinsistthatthesunrisesin

themorningandsetsatnight.

Mostlightningflashestakeplaceinsideacloud,andonlyarelativefewcanbe

seenjumpingbetweentwocloudsorbetweenearthandacloud.But,withabout

2,000thunderstormstakingplaceabovetheeartheveryminuteofthedayandnight,

there'senoughactivitytoproduceabout100lightningstrikesoneartheverysecond.

Parentscanusethunderandlightningtohelptheirchildrenlearnmoreabout

theworldaroundthem.Whenchildrenunderstandthatthelightofthelightning

flashesreachestheireyesalmostatthesamemoment,butthesoundofthethunder

takesabout5secondstotraveljustonemile,theycanbegintotimetheinterval

betweentheflashandthecrashtolearnhowclosetheyweretotheactualspark.

WhatisspecialintheareaoftheCentralValleyaccordingtothespeaker?

细节题。文章开头就提到的uatmosphericsoundandlightningv就是指的

“thunderandlightning”,由前面的否定词doesn't可知，CentralValley下雨时，

不常伴有雷电现象。

.Nowlistentothefollowingrecordingandanswerquestions23to25.

8.（分数：42.60）

A.Madeinl917.

B.Unknown.V

C.FromAfrica.

D.FromEurope.

解析：［听力原文］

Goodmorning,everybody.Todaywewillcontinuetodiscussmusic,and

today'slectureI'llintroducesomethingaboutjazz.Ibelievethattheremustbemany

peopleamongyoulovejazz.

Jazzbeganintheearly20thcenturyasakindofmusicofblackAmericans.It

wasintendedforsinging,dancingandalsoforentertainmentandatmosphereat

partiesorsocialgatherings.Theoriginofthewordjazzisnotknown,buttheterm

cameintocommonuseafterthefirstphonographrecordsofJazzweremadein1917.

JazzrepresentsablendingofmusicalelementsfromAfricaandfromEurope.Jazz

usessomeEuropeanideasofharmonyandmelody,buttherhythmsaremore

Africaninorigin.Itisusuallysaidtobesyncopated,thatis,itisirregularinrhythm.

Besidesthis,therearemanyotherrhythmsinapieceofJazzmusicaroundonebasic

rhythm.Thatistosay,itispolyrhythmic.Anotherimportantfeatureofjazzis

improvisation.Toimprovisemeanstomakesomethingupontheimpulseofthe

moment.Thisisthewayjazzisusuallyplayed.Jazzmusicianshavelearnedto

improvisesowellthattheycanmakeupexcellentmelodiesastheyplay.Agoodjazz

soloistseldomplaysanythingthesamewaytwice.Thus,listeningtojazzisnotlike

hearingapieceormusicthatwaswrittenlongago.Itislikebeingtherewhenthe

muckisfirstbeingmade.

AmajorstepinthedevelopmentofjazzwastakenbytheplayersinNew

Orleans.NewOrleansjazz,sometimescalledDixieland,wasamixtureofdifferent

elements.IthadthedeepemotionofAmericanbluesandNegrospiritualaswellas

elementsofEuropeanfolkmusic.TheNewOrleansstyleinvolvedimprovisingthat

wassometimescomplex.Oftensevenoreightplayerswouldimproviseatthesame

time.ButthemostnotablenewfeatureofNewOrleansjazzwasitsmore

complicatedrhythm.

Inthe1940sanewapproachtojazzbegantodevelop.Ithadbeenimpliedin

theplayingorLesterYoungwiththeCountBasicband.Anotherimportantinfluence

onearlymodemjazzwasguitaristCharlieChristian,whowasstronglyinfluencedby

LesterYoung.Atfirstthenewjazzwascalledbebop,andlater,modemjazz.Manyof

themusicalideasofmodemjazzwereworkedoutatgatheringsinwhichtheplayers

performedfortheirownamusementandinstruction.Jazzmusicianscalledthese

gatheringsjamsessions.Modernjazzwasmorecomplexinharmonyandmelody

thanearlierstylesofjazz.Butamostoutstandingfeaturewasitsnewapproachto

rhythm.Notonlydidtheplayersusenewrhythmsinmakingtheirmelodies,butthe

drummersplayedinamorecomplexway.

What'sabouttheoriginofthewordjazz,akindofmusicofblackAmericans?

细节题。讲座中提到“爵士”一词的起源并不为人所知，但在1917年制作

出第一张爵士唱片后，"爵士"一词开始被普遍使用：Theoriginofthewordjazzis

notknown,butthetermcameintocommonuseafterthefirstphonographrecords

ofJazzweremadein1917.所以答案是B。

PartIIIReadingComprehension（总题数：0,分数：0.00）

SectionA（总题数：10,分数：0.00）

.WhenSakenaYacoobiwasachildinHerat,Afghanistan,shesawmanywomen

suffer.Theyhadnoeducationand1ornomedicalcare.Manydiedin

childbirth.

InthenineteenseventiesshecametotheUnitedStates.Shebecamea

professorandhealthconsultant.Butinnineteenninety-two,shevisitedAfghan

refugeecampsinPakistan.Whatshesaw2hertoreturntoherhomeland.

Innineteenninety-fiveshestartedtheAfghanInstituteofLearning.The

organizationbeganbyservingAfghanwomenandgirlsinthecamps

in3Pakistan.

Atthattime,theTalibancontrolledmostofAfghanistan.Therulerswould

notletgirlsgotoschool.SakenaYacoobi4herlifetosetupeightysecret

schoolsinAfghanhomes.Aboutthreethousandgirls5theseschools.

American-ledforcesousted（驱逐）theTalibanfrom6inlatetwo

thousandone,aftertheterroristattacksontheUnitedStates.

TodaySakenaYacoobisaysherorganizationavoidsthemostdangerous

provinces.It7educationandhealthcentersandtravelingclinics.Eachyear,

theAfghanInstituteofLearningservesaboutthreehundredfiftythousandwomen

andchildreninAfghanistanandPakistan.SakenaYacoobihasreceived

many8,includingthisyear'stwohundredfiftythousanddollarHenryR.

KravisPrizeinLeadership.InacceptingtheawardfromClaremontMcKennaCollege

inCalifornia,shesaid:"Everyday,Iseethe9ofeducation,andthat's

the10thatkeepsmegoingon."

A.little

B.few

C.force

D.operates

E.compelled

F.neighboring

G.attended

H.presents

I.impact

J.persuaded

K.risked

L.provides

M.awards

N.lived

O.power（分数：35.50）

1.（分数：3.55）

填空项1：（正确答案：A）

解析：此处需要填入一个副词。本段讲的是SaKenaYacoobi小的时候看到

很多妇女受苦，很多女性小的时候夭折，可以判断这里是讲教育和医疗条件差，

因此本空应当选little（很少）。这样，本句意为她们不能接受教育，很少或没有医

疗保健，与题意相符。

2.（分数：3.55）

填空项1：（正确答案：J）

解析：此处需要填入一个动词。从本段内容可知，SakenaYacoobi在1992

年参观了在巴基斯坦的阿富汗难民营之后决定回到故土的。由此可知，是在难民

营的所见所闻说服她回到故土，因此本空应选择persuaded（说服）。

3.（分数:3.55）

填空项1：（正确答案：F）

解析：此处需要填入一个形容词。从地理位置上，巴基斯坦是阿富汗的邻

国，且由上文可知，本句所提到的thecamps在巴基斯坦境内，因此选

neighboring（邻国的，邻近的）。

4.（分数:3.55）

填空项1：（正确答案：K）

解析：此处需要填入一个动词。由本段前两句可知，当时的阿富汗在塔利

班控制之下，统治者不让女孩们上学。所以SakenaYacoobi当时在阿富汗办学是

冒着生命危险。riskone'slife是固定短语，因此选risked。

5.（分数:3.55）

填空项1：（正确答案：G）

解析：此处需要填入一个动词。本句意为大约3000女孩上了这些学校。选

项中与schools搭配的动词只有attendedo

6.（分数:3.55）

填空项1：（正确答案：0）

解析：此处需要填入一个名词。由上下文和常识可知，在恐怖分子袭击了

美国之后，2001年底，美国领导的部队把塔利班赶下了台，故本空选power统

治。

7.（分数：3.55）

填空项1：（正确答案：D）

解析：此处需要填入一个动词。本句意为SakenaYacoobi的组织举办教育、

健康中心和流动门诊，因此本空选。perates（举办，使运行）。

8.（分数：3.55）

填空项1：（正确答案：M）

解析：此处需要填入一个名词。由后面的includingthisyear'stwohundred

fiftythousanddollarHenryR.KravisPrizeinLeadership可知，SakenaYacoobi获得了

很多奖项，故选awards（奖项）。

9.（分数：3.55）

填空项1：（正确答案：I）

解析：此处需要填入一个名词。由全文尤其是本段可以判断出，Sakena

Yacoobi这句话意为“每天我都能看到教育的影响力，这也是使我坚持下去的动

力”。可见，本空选impact（影响力）。

10.（分数:3.55）

填空项1：（正确答案：O

解析：此处需要填入一个名词。由上一条解释可知，本空选force（动力）。

SectionB（总题数:10,分数:0.00）

Gender-NeutralLanguage

A.Thepracticeofassigningmasculinegendertoneutraltermscomesfrom

thefactthateverylanguagereflectstheprejudicesofthesocietyinwhichitevolved,

andEnglishevolvedthroughmostofitshistoryinamale-centered,patriarchal

society.Likeanyotherlanguage,however,Englishisalwayschanging.Oneonlyhasto

readaloudsentencesfromthe19thcenturybooksassignedforthisclasstosense

theshiftsthathaveoccurredinthelast150years.Whenreaderspickupsomething

toread,theyexpectdifferentconventionsdependingonthetimeinwhichthe

materialwaswritten.Aswritersin1995,weneedtobenotonlyawareofthe

conventionsthatourreadersmayexpect,butalsoconsciousoftheresponsesour

wordsmayelicit.Inaddition,weneedtoknowhowtheshiftingnatureoflanguage

canmakecertainwordsawkwardormisleading.

"Man"

B.Manoncewasatrulygenericwordreferringtoallhumans,buthas

graduallynarrowedinmeaningtobecomeawordthatreferstoadultmalehuman

beings.Anglo-Saxonsusedthewordtorefertoallpeople.Oneexampleofthisoccurs

whenanAnglo-Saxonwriterreferstoaseventh-centuryEnglishprincessas"a

wonderfulman".ManparalleledtheLatinwordhomo,"amemberofthehuman

species"not"anadultmaleofthespecies".TheOldEnglishwordforadultmalewas

waepmanandtheoldEnglishwordforadultwomanwaswifman.Inthecourseof

time,wifmanevolvedintotheword"woman"."Man"eventuallyceasedtobeused

torefertoindividualwomenandreplacedwaepmanasaspecifictermdistinguishing

anadultmalefromanadultfemale.Butmancontinuedtobeusedingeneralizations

aboutbothsexes.

C.Bythe18thcentury,themodern,narrowsenseofmanwasfirmly

establishedasthepredominantone.WhenEdmundBurke,writingoftheFrench

Revolution,usedmenintheold,inclusiveway,hetookpainstospellouthismeaning:

"Suchadeplorablehavocismadeinthemindsofmen(bothsexes)inFrance..."

ThomasJeffersondidnotmakethesamedistinctionindeclaringthat"allmenare

createdequal"and"governmentsareinstitutedamongmen,derivingtheirjust

powersfromtheconsentofthegoverned."Inatimewhenwomen,havingnovote,

couldneithergivenorwithholdconsent,Jeffersonhadtobeusingthewordmenin

itsprincipalsenseof"males",anditprobablyneveroccurredtohimthatanyone

wouldthinkotherwise.Lookingatmoderndictionariesindicatesthatthedefinition

thatlinks"man"withmalesisthepredominantone.Studiesofcollegestudentsand

schoolchildrenindicatethatevenwhenthebroaddefinitionsof"man"and"men"

aretaught,theytendtoconjureupimagesofmalepeopleonly.Wewouldneveruse

thesentence"Agirlgrowsuptobeaman",becauseweassumethenarrower

definitionofthewordman.

ThePronounProblem

D.ThefirstgrammarsofmodernEnglishwerewritteninthe16thand17th

centuries.Theyweremainlyintendedtohelpboysfromupperclassfamiliesprepare

forthestudyofLatin,alanguagemostscholarsconsideredsuperiortoEnglish.The

maleauthorsoftheseearliestEnglishgrammarswroteformalereadersinanage

whenfewwomenwereliterate.Themasculine-genderPronouns(代词)didnot

reflectabeliefthatmasculinepronounscouldrefertobothsexes.Thegrammarsof

thisperiodcontainnoindicationthatmasculinepronounsweresex-inclusivewhen

usedingeneralreferences.Insteadthesepronounsreflectedtherealityofmale

culturaldominanceandthemale-centeredworldviewthatresulted.

E."He"startedtobeusedasagenericpronounbygrammarianswhowere

tryingtochangealong-establishedtraditionofusing"they"asasingularpronoun.In

1850anActofParliamentgaveofficialsanction(批准)totherecentlyinvented

conceptofthe"generic"he.InthelanguageusedinactsofParliament,thenewlaw

said,"wordsimportingthemasculinegendershallbedeemedandtakentoinclude

females".Althoughsimilarlanguageincontractsandotherlegaldocuments

subsequentlyhelpedreinforcethisgrammaticaledictinallEnglish-speaking

countries,itwasoftenconvenientlyignored.In1879,forexample,amovetoadmit

femalephysicianstotheall-maleMassachusettsMedicalSocietywaseffectively

blockedontheground