广东省佛山市普通高中2021-2022学年高三上学期教学质量检测

2021~2022学年佛山市普通高中高三教学质量检测（一）英语注意事项：1.答卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2.回答选择题时,选出每小题答案后,用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时,将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。因不考听力，试卷从第二部分的“阅读”开始，试题序号从“21”开始。第二部分阅读（共两节,满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分,满分37.5分）阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AFourBestofBritishmarketsWhetheryou’relookingforantiques,food,collectors’itemsorjustrandomjunk,ourrichheritagehasproducedsomeofthefinestmarketsintheworld.Herearefourofthem.EdinburghFarmers’MarketTradersinEdinburghhavelongsoldtheirgoodsintheshadowofthecity’sspectacularcastle.IttakesplaceonCastleTerraceeverySaturdayandattractsahugecrowdwithitslocallysourcedgoods.Themarketisnowinits15thyearandchampionstheverybestinScottishproduce.BillingsgateFishMarketThishubintheheartoftheEastEndofLondonisthebiggestinlandmarketinBritain.Datingbacktothe16thcentury,BillingsgateisnowservedbyalmosteveryUKport,withfishtransportedthroughthenighttoarrivefortrading,whichstartsat4a.m..Itisfamedforshifting25,000tonsoffisheachyear.StGeorge’sMarketFollowyournosealongMayStreetinBelfastandthesmellsofdelicioushome-madefoodfromacrosstheglobewilllandyouinStGeorge’sMarket,oncevotedthebestintheUK.Completedin1896andfeaturingtastyfood,thetradingplaceisalsooneofBelfast’soldestattractions,thankstoitswiderangeofgoodsandlivemusicperformances.FordAirfieldMarketLookingforanold-styleprostheticleg,aventriloquist’sdummy,orevenasuitofarmour?Thechancesareyou’llfindwhatyou’reafter–andplentyofotherrandomstuff–atoneofthehundredsofstallshereinWestSussex.Hugecar-bootsales(旧货市场)areheldattheweekendsallyearround,comerainorshine.Themarkethasbeenrunningfor25yearsandisawell-knowntreasuretroveforantiquesexpertslookingforabargain.1.Whichmarkethasthelongesthistory?A.EdinburghFarmers’Market. B.BillingsgateFishMarket.C.StGeorge’sMarket. D.FordAirfieldMarket.2.WhatisthemaincharacteristicofStGeorge’sMarket?A.Music. B.History. C.Food. D.Building.3.WhatdoweknowaboutFordAirfieldMarket?A.Itisheldeveryday. B.Itclosesonrainydays.C.Itisfamousforitscars. D.Itfeaturescar-bootsales.【答案】1.B2.C3.D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了了英国四大最佳市场，以及各市场的特色和历史。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据EdinburghFarmers’Market中的“Themarketisnowinits15thyear（这个市场现在是第15个年头）”；BillingsgateFishMarket中的“Datingbacktothe16thcentury（比林斯盖特的历史可以追溯到16世纪）”；StGeorge’sMarket中的“Completedin1896（完工于1896年）”以及FordAirfieldMarket中的“Themarkethasbeenrunningfor25years（这个市场已经运营了25年）”可知，比林斯盖特鱼市的历史最长。故选B。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据StGeorge’sMarket中的“Completedin1896andfeaturingtastyfood,thetradingplaceisalsooneofBelfast’soldestattractions,thankstoitswiderangeofgoodsandlivemusicperformances.（完工于1896年，以美味的食物为特色，交易场所也是贝尔法斯特最古老的景点之一，因为它有各种各样的商品和现场音乐表演。）”可知，圣乔治市场的主要特色是食物。故选C。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据FordAirfieldMarket中的“Hugecar-bootsalesareheldattheweekendsallyearround,comerainorshine.（每年的周末都会举行大型的汽车行李箱销售活动，风雨无阻。）”可知，福特机场市场以汽车行李箱销售为特色。故选D。BAnAmericanteacherwhohelpedmakecollegeeducationaccessibletolow-income,immigrant,first-generationAmerican,andrefugeepupilshaswonthe$1millionGlobalTeacherPrize.KeishiaThorpe,anEnglishteacherinMaryland,wasselectedfrommorethan8,000teacherin121countries.“AsayounggirlfromthecircumstancesthatIcomefrom,Iwouldneverhavethoughtsomethinglikethiswouldeverhappentome.I’mspeechless,I’moverjoyed,I’mamazed.Thisisjustanextraordinaryachievementforme,”Ms.Thorpesaid.Ms.ThorpeteachesEnglishto12th-gradersattheInternationalHighSchoolLangleyPark,where95percentofpupilsarefromlow-incomefamilies.SheredesignedtheircoursesfortheEnglishdepartmenttomakeitculturallyrelevanttoherpupilswhoarefrommostlyAfrica,theMiddleEast,theCaribbean,andSouthAmerica.Sincethen,herEnglishlanguagelearnershaveshowna40percentincreaseintheirreading.Ms.Thorpespentalotoftimeencouragingherpupilstoapplyforcollegeandhelpedthemwiththeirapplicationsandaccessingfully-fundedscholarships.Shehelpedherseniorpupilsin2018–2019winmorethan$6.7millioninscholarshipsto11colleges,withmostofthemnothavingtopayfortheireducation.Sheplanstousetheprizemoneytogivelesswell-offpupilsanopportunityofreceivingathirdleveleducation.“EverypersondeservestherighttoeducationandIwanttobethatpersonwhochampionsthatforthem.Iplantousethemoneytohelpstudentsworldwideaccesshighereducation,”shesaid.“StudentsarethereasonI’mhere,soIplantousethattopromotethemandcreateabetterfutureforthem.”OrganizedbyUNESCOandfirstawardedin2015,theGlobalTeacherPrizeisanannualawardtoateacherwhohasmadeavastdifferencetotheprofession.ThewinnerofthisyearwasannouncedatavirtualceremonyinParisonNovember10th,2021.4.HowdoThorpe’sredesignedcoursesinfluenceherstudents?A.Studentshavespentmoretimereading. B.Studentsaremoreawareoftheirculture.C.Morelow-incomestudentsattendschool. D.Morestudentsapplyforcollegeeducation.5.WhatcanbelearnedabouttheGlobalTeacherPrize?A.Itdevotesmuchtocollegeeducation. B.Itfavorslow-incomeimmigrantteachers.C.Ittargetsteacherswithhugecontributions. D.ItencouragesreformsinEnglishteaching.6.WhatbestdescribesThorpe?A.Selflessandstrict. B.Caringanddevoted.C.Frankandconsiderate. D.Talentedandhumorous.7.Whichcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.AGoodTeacherEnsuresaBrightFuture B.TeacherPrizeHelpsRealizeStudents’DreamC.ImmigrantTeacherSharesHerMovingStory D.HighSchoolTeacherWinsa$1MillionPrize【答案】4.A5.C6.B7.D【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了马里兰州的英语教师KeishiaThorpe获得了全球教师奖，并且赢得了100万美元的奖金。文章介绍了她所做出的的贡献以及全球教师奖的相关知识。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“SheredesignedtheircoursesfortheEnglishdepartmenttomakeitculturallyrelevanttoherpupilswhoarefrommostlyAfrica,theMiddleEast,theCaribbean,andSouthAmerica.Sincethen,herEnglishlanguagelearnershaveshowna40percentincreaseintheirreading.(她重新设计了英语系的课程，使其在文化上与她主要来自非洲、中东、加勒比地区和南美洲的学生相关。从那以后，她的英语学习者的阅读能力增长了40%)”可知，Thorpe重新设计的课程让学生们花了更多的时间阅读。故选A。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“OrganizedbyUNESCOandfirstawardedin2015,theGlobalTeacherPrizeisanannualawardtoateacherwhohasmadeavastdifferencetotheprofession.(全球教师奖由联合国教科文组织组织，于2015年首次颁发，每年颁发给为该专业做出巨大贡献的教师)”可知，全球教师奖针对有巨大贡献的教师。故选C。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段“Ms.Thorpespentalotoftimeencouragingherpupilstoapplyforcollegeandhelpedthemwiththeirapplicationsandaccessingfully-fundedscholarships.Shehelpedherseniorpupilsin2018–2019winmorethan$6.7millioninscholarshipsto11colleges,withmostofthemnothavingtopayfortheireducation.(Thorpe女士花了很多时间鼓励她的学生申请大学，帮助他们申请并获得全额奖学金。她在2018-2019年帮助她的高年级学生赢得了11所大学超过670万美元的奖学金，其中大多数学生无需支付学费)”以及倒数第二段“Sheplanstousetheprizemoneytogivelesswell-offpupilsanopportunityofreceivingathirdleveleducation.“EverypersondeservestherighttoeducationandIwanttobethatpersonwhochampionsthatforthem.Iplantousethemoneytohelpstudentsworldwideaccesshighereducation,”shesaid.“StudentsarethereasonI’mhere,soIplantousethattopromotethemandcreateabetterfutureforthem.”(她计划用这笔奖金给不太富裕的学生一个接受第三层次教育的机会。“每个人都有受教育的权利，我想成为那个为他们捍卫这一权利的人。我计划用这笔钱来帮助世界各地的学生接受高等教育。学生是我来到这里的原因，所以我打算用这一点来宣传他们，为他们创造更美好的未来。”)”可推知，Thorpe关心他人且乐于奉献。故选B。【7题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“AnAmericanteacherwhohelpedmakecollegeeducationaccessibletolow-income,immigrant,first-generationAmerican,andrefugeepupilshaswonthe$1millionGlobalTeacherPrize.KeishiaThorpe,anEnglishteacherinMaryland,wasselectedfrommorethan8,000teacherin121countries.(一名帮助低收入、移民、第一代美国人和难民学生获得大学教育的美国教师赢得了100万美元的全球教师奖。马里兰州的英语教师KeishiaThorpe是从121个国家的8000多名教师中挑选出来的)”结合文章主要说明了马里兰州的英语教师KeishiaThorpe获得了全球教师奖，并且赢得了100万美元的奖金。文章介绍了她所做出的的贡献以及全球教师奖的相关知识。可知，D选项“高中教师赢得了100万美元的奖金”最符合文章标题。故选D。CWithnearlyaquarterofglobalgreenhousegascomingfromalltypesoftransportation,canwekeepourselvesoffgas-poweredvehiclestoavoidtheworsteffects?Asmoregovernmentspushforurgentactiononclimatechange,quiteafewcompaniesarebettingtheirfuture–thatmillionsofconsumersarefinallyreadyforelectricity-poweredvehicles.Modernbattery-poweredcarsaresellingfastandzero-emission(排放)planesarecoming.Thesechanges,bothleadingtoamoresustainablefuture,arereinventinghowwegetfromheretothere.Carsandtrucksareundergoingtheirgreatestimprovementsincetheautomobile’s(汽车)existencemorethanacenturyago.Almostovernight,theeraoftheelectriccarhasarrived.Electricityhastheadvantagethatitworkswithoutsmellandwithlessnoise.Globalannualsalesofelectricvehiclesareexpectedtosoarfromjustover3milliontodayto14millionby2025.JustamonthafterFordunveiledanelectricversionofthepopularF-150,customershadreservedmorethan100,000ofthem.Thepriceisabout$10,000abovethegas-poweredone,butFordsaystheelectricmodelwillcostmuchlesstomaintain.Everythingcreatingagreenrevolutiononthegroundisoflimitedhelpintheskyforthetimebeing.High-storagebatteriesareuselessatpresentwhenitcomestothetechnologicalchallengeoflaunchingafewhundredpeopleintotheskyandcarryingthemthousandsofmiles.Nobatteryyetinventedcanpower,say,aBoeing747fromNewYorktoLondon.Promisingimprovements,however,doaddup.Developmentswithzero-emission,battery-poweredelectricenginesarealreadyhappeningincommercialflight,involvingtripsoflimiteddurationanddistance.Airlinesspecializinginshortjourneyswithsmallplaneswillleadthewaytoelectricflight.Ourplanet’shealthdependsonzeroingoutcarbondioxideemissionsby2050,andyet,bythetimetableneededtoaddresstheclimatechallenge,theshiftawayfromgas-poweredvehiclesremainsfartooslow.Nevertheless,thetrainhasleftthestation.Someday,electric-poweredtransportationwillbeascommonasair.8.Whyaremanycompaniesswitchingtoelectricity-poweredvehicles?A.Toreinventthewaywetravel.B.Tocutthecostsofcarproduction.C.Toimprovethequalityofproducts.D.Topursuesustainabledevelopment.9.Whatdoweknowabouttheelectriccar?A.Itcameintouseacenturyago.B.Itenjoysincreasingpopularity.C.Itsellsbetterthanthetraditionalone.D.Itcostslessthanthegas-poweredone.10.WhatdoestheauthorintendtodoinParagraph3?A.Toshowthedisadvantagesofbatterypower.B.Toemphasizethesignificanceofshortflights.C.Tostressthefutureprospectsofelectricplanes.D.Tostatethedevelopmentsofcommercialflight.11.Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying“thetrainhasleftthestation”?A.Traintransportationhasimproved.B.Greentransportationisonitsway.C.Theelectrictrainisrunningregularly.D.Thegas-poweredtrainhasbecomethepast.【答案】8.D9.B10.C11.B【解析】【分析】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了电动汽车应用的益处与仍然存在的不足，同时说明了电力运输的未来前景。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段关键句“Asmoregovernmentspushforurgentactiononclimatechange,quiteafewcompaniesarebettingtheirfuture–thatmillionsofconsumersarefinallyreadyforelectricity-poweredvehicles.Modernbattery-poweredcarsaresellingfastandzero-emissionplanesarecoming.Thesechanges,bothleadingtoamoresustainablefuture,arereinventinghowwegetfromheretothere.”（随着越来越多的政府推动对气候变化采取紧急行动，相当多的公司押注他们的未来——数百万消费者终于准备好使用电动汽车了。现代电池驱动的汽车卖得很快，零排放的飞机也即将问世。这些变化，既导致了一个更可持续的未来，也在重塑我们从这里到那里的方式。）可知，许多公司转向开发并销售电动汽车是为了追求可持续发展。故选D项。【9题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第二段关键句“Almostovernight,theeraoftheelectriccarhasarrived.”（几乎一夜之间，电动汽车的时代已经到来。）及“Globalannualsalesofelectricvehiclesareexpectedtosoarfromjustover3milliontodayto14millionby2025.JustamonthafterFordunveiledanelectricversionofthepopularF-150,customershadreservedmorethan100,000ofthem.”（预计到2025年，全球电动汽车的年销量将从目前的300多万辆飙升至1400万辆。在福特推出受欢迎的F-150电动版仅一个月后，客户就预订了超过10万辆。）可知，电动汽车越来越受欢迎。故选B项。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第三段关键句“High-storagebatteriesareuselessatpresentwhenitcomestothetechnologicalchallengeoflaunchingafewhundredpeopleintotheskyandcarryingthemthousandsofmiles.”（目前，高容量电池在将数百人发射到天空并携带他们飞行数千英里的技术挑战方面毫无用处。）及“Promisingimprovements,however,doaddup.”（然而，有希望的改进确实增加了。）及全段内容可知，本段作者强调电动飞机的未来前景。故选C项。【11题详解】句意猜测题。根据文章最后一段关键句“Ourplanet’shealthdependsonzeroingoutcarbondioxideemissionsby2050,andyet,bythetimetableneededtoaddresstheclimatechallenge,theshiftawayfromgas-poweredvehiclesremainsfartooslow.”（我们星球的健康取决于到2050年消除二氧化碳排放，然而，按照应对气候挑战所需的时间表，从汽油驱动的汽车转向天然气驱动的速度仍然太慢。）及“Nevertheless,thetrainhasleftthestation.Someday,electric-poweredtransportationwillbeascommonasair.”（然而，火车已经离开了车站。总有一天，电力运输会像空气一样普及。）可知，作者说“火车已经离开了车站”是为了表明电力运输的使用已经起航，绿色交通正在发展中。故选B项。DChildrenmaylearnnewwordsbetterwhentheylearntheminthecontextofotherwordstheyarejustlearning—accordingtoanewresearchfromtheUniversityofEastAnglia.Researchersinvestigatedhow18–24-month-oldslearnnewwords—inthecontextofwordstheyalreadyknowwellandthosetheydon’t.Thefindingshelpexplainhowchildrenlearnnewwordsandsuggestanewwaythatparentsandcarerscouldhelpboostlanguagedevelopment.Previousresearchsuggeststhatwhenchildrenhearawordtheydonotknowandseeanobjecttheyhaveneverseeninthecontextofsomeobjectsthattheycanalreadyname,suchasatoyoraball,theyguessthatthenewwordreferstothenewthing.Dr.LarissaSamuelsonfromtheuniversitywantedtoknowifthestrengthofachild’sknowledgeoffamiliarthings—howwelltheyknowwhat“cars”or“balls”are,forexample—matteredforlearningnewwordsandrememberingthem.Theyasked82childrentotakepartinthestudyandcarryouttwoexperimentsamongthem.Andthentheygotsomereallysurprisingfindings.“Wehadexpectedthatastrongerknowledgeoffamiliarwordswouldbebetterforlearningnewwords,butwefoundtheoppositewastrue.”DrSamuelsonsaid.“Thisnewstudysuggestsanotherwaywemightbeabletohelpboostchildren’sabilitytoremembernewword-objectlinks–byteachingtheminthecontextofotherthingsthattheyarejustlearning.”Itseemscounterintuitive,butitisperhapsbecausethelesswell-knownitemsdon’tcompetewiththenewwordsasmuch.Iftheylearnnewwordsinthecontextofplayingwithwell-knownitemssuchasaballorbook,theydon’tprocessthenewwordasmuch.12.Whatisthepurposeofthenewresearch?A.Tochallengethefindingsofpreviousstudies. B.Toobservetheprocessofchildren’slearning.C.Tobetterunderstandchildren’swordlearning. D.Tocomparechildren’sdifferentlearningstyles.13WhatcanbeinferredfromDr.Samuelson’swords?A.Theirfindingsareoutofexpectation. B.Theirresearchshouldfocusonchildren.C.Weshouldbemorepatientwithchildren. D.Weneedtoprovideguidanceonlearning.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“counterintuitive”meaninthelastparagraph?A.Consistent. B.Encouraging. C.Impractical. D.Unreasonable.15.Whatdoesthetextmainlytellus?A.Lessfamiliarwordshelpchildrenlearnbetter.B.Word-objectlinkscontributetobetterlearning.C.Newresearchfindsthesecretsofraisingchildren.D.Childrenlearnbetterwiththehelpoftheirparents.【答案】12.C13.A14.D15.A【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。新研究发现如果孩子们把新单词放在他们刚刚学过的其他单词的背景下学习，他们可能会学得更好。文章介绍了研究开展的过程以及研究发现把孩子们放到刚刚学习的其他事物的背景下，孩子们学习生词和认识物品的能力更好。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Researchersinvestigatedhow18–24-month-oldslearnnewwords—inthecontextofwordstheyalreadyknowwellandthosetheydon’t.Thefindingshelpexplainhowchildrenlearnnewwordsandsuggestanewwaythatparentsandcarerscouldhelpboostlanguagedevelopment.(研究人员调查了18到24个月大的婴儿是如何学习新单词的——在他们已经熟悉和不熟悉的单词的背景下。这一发现有助于解释儿童是如何学习新单词的，并提出了一种父母和看护者可以帮助促进语言发展的新方法)”可知，这项新研究的目的是更好地理解儿童的单词学习。故选C。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中““Wehadexpectedthatastrongerknowledgeoffamiliarwordswouldbebetterforlearningnewwords,butwefoundtheoppositewastrue.”DrSamuelsonsaid.(“我们本以为，对熟悉的词汇掌握得越深入，对学习新单词就越有帮助，但结果却恰恰相反。”Samuelson博士说)”可推知，从Samuelson博士的话中可以推断出他们的发现出乎意料。故选A。14题详解】词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段中“Thisnewstudysuggestsanotherwaywemightbeabletohelpboostchildren’sabilitytoremembernewword-objectlinks–byteachingtheminthecontextofotherthingsthattheyarejustlearning.”以及画线词后文“butitisperhapsbecausethelesswell-knownitemsdon’tcompetewiththenewwordsasmuch”可知，这项新研究提出了另一种方法，我们可能可以通过在孩子们刚刚学习的其他事物的背景下教孩子们，来帮助提高孩子们记住生词和物品的能力，后文but表示转折，说明这一方法似乎是不合理的，但这可能是因为不太知名的项目不与新单词竞争。故画线词意思是“不合理的”。A.Consistent.一贯的；B.Encouraging.鼓舞人心的；C.Impractical.不实际的；D.Unreasonable.不合理的。故选D。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Childrenmaylearnnewwordsbetterwhentheylearntheminthecontextofotherwordstheyarejustlearning—accordingtoanewresearchfromtheUniversityofEastAnglia.(根据东安格利亚大学的一项新研究，如果孩子们把新单词放在他们刚刚学过的其他单词的背景下学习，他们可能会学得更好)”结合文章介绍了研究开展的过程以及研究发现把孩子们放到刚刚学习的其他事物的背景下，孩子们学习生词和认识物品的能力更好。可知，文章主要告诉我们不太熟悉的单词有助于孩子更好地学习。故选A。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分,满分12.5分）阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Apple’svitaminandmineralcontent,itseasyavailability,anditsinexpensivenessarethereasonswhyit’sthesecondmost-consumedfruitintheworld.___16___Butwhataboutthecaloriesandnutritionalvalueinit?Canweconsumeapplesinendlessnumbersandstillstayfit?Amedium-sizedapplecontainsupto95calories.However,thesugarcontent—about19g—isstilllessthanthe21gyougetinaregular-sizedchocolatebar.___17___Thefiberpresentinfruitsandvegetableshelpscontrolbloodsugarlevelsnaturally.Itslowsdowndigestionandstopsthebloodsugarlevelsfromrisingastheywouldafteryouconsumecandy.Eatingonemedium-sizedapplegivesyouyourdailydoseof14%vitaminAand11%ofvitaminC,boththatyourimmunesystemneedsthemost.AntioxidantslikevitaminAandCsavethebodyfromdamagecausedbyunstableatoms._______18_______Ifweconsumedarkerapplesmore,wecangetanantioxidantthatprotectsthebodyfromdiseasesandagoodamountofindigestiblefiberourgut’sgoodbacteriafeedon,soit’sawin-windeal!_____19_____Consumingoneortwoapplesonadailybasisisgoodforyourhealth.Butifyou’rediabetic,youshouldrestricttheconsumptiontonotmorethanasmall-sizedappleadayasapplesareahigh-sugarfruit.Ifyoustayalertandtakeaproperdiet,yourbodywillbenefitalot.Butifyoueatendlessly,eventhehealthiestfoodintheworldwoulddamageyourbodyandincreasethenumberofdoctorvisits._____20_____A.Soactsmartlyandstaysafe.B.Howmanyapplescanyoueatinaday?C.Therefore,youshouldwatchoutforthefoodquality.D.Howcanweguaranteethatwewillgetthisfruitcontinuously?E.Plus,thissugarislessharmfultoyourbodysinceitcomeswithfibers.F.Theyreducetherisksofillnessandaging,givingyouhealthyandsmoothskin.G.Sinceitcomesinmanyvarietiesanddifferenttastes,peoplenevergetboredofit.【答案】16.G17.E18.F19.B20.A【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了苹果这种食物的好处以及一些食用注意事项。【16题详解】根据上文“Apple’svitaminandmineralcontent,itseasyavailability,anditsinexpensivenessarethereasonswhyit’sthesecondmost-consumedfruitintheworld.(苹果富含维生素和矿物质，易于获得，价格低廉，这些都是它成为世界上第二大消费水果的原因)”以及后文“Butwhataboutthecaloriesandnutritionalvalueinit?Canweconsumeapplesinendlessnumbersandstillstayfit?(但是它的热量和营养价值呢？我们能吃无数个苹果还能保持健康吗？)”可知，本句与上文并列，都是在说明苹果受欢迎的原因。故G选项“由于它有许多种类和不同的口味，人们永远不会厌倦它”符合语境，故选G。【17题详解】根据上文“Amedium-sizedapplecontainsupto95calories.However,thesugarcontent—about19g—isstilllessthanthe21gyougetinaregular-sizedchocolatebar.(一个中等大小的苹果含有高达95卡路里的热量。然而，它的含糖量——大约19克——仍然比你从常规尺寸的巧克力棒中获得的21克要少)”以及后文“Thefiberpresentinfruitsandvegetableshelpscontrolbloodsugarlevelsnaturally.Itslowsdowndigestionandstopsthebloodsugarlevelsfromrisingastheywouldafteryouconsumecandy.(水果和蔬菜中的纤维有助于自然控制血糖水平。它减缓消化，阻止血糖水平上升，就像你吃糖之后一样)”可知，上文提到苹果含糖，后文则提到了纤维，可知本句属于过渡句，进一步解释这种糖对身体的影响，E选项中fibers对应后文中Thefiber。故E选项“另外，这种糖对你的身体伤害较小，因为它含有纤维”符合语境，故选E。【18题详解】根据上文“Eatingonemedium-sizedapplegivesyouyourdailydoseof14%vitaminAand11%ofvitaminC,boththatyourimmunesystemneedsthemost.AntioxidantslikevitaminAandCsavethebodyfromdamagecausedbyunstableatoms.(每天吃一个中等大小的苹果就能提供14%的维生素A和11%的维生素C，这两种维生素都是你的免疫系统最需要的。像维生素A和C这样的抗氧化剂可以使身体免受不稳定原子的伤害)”可知，本句承接上文，进一步说明维生素A和C的作用，F选项中They指代上文vitaminAandC。故F选项“它们能降低疾病和衰老的风险，让你拥有健康光滑的皮肤”符合语境，故选F。【19题详解】根据后文“Consumingoneortwoapplesonadailybasisisgoodforyourhealth.Butifyou’rediabetic,youshouldrestricttheconsumptiontonotmorethanasmall-sizedappleadayasapplesareahigh-sugarfruit.Ifyoustayalertandtakeaproperdiet,yourbodywillbenefitalot.(每天吃一个或两个苹果对你的健康有好处。但如果你是糖尿病患者，你应该限制每天的摄入量不超过一个小苹果，因为苹果是一种含糖量很高的水果。如果你保持警觉，合理饮食，你的身体会受益很多)”可知，本段的主旨是关于每天该吃多少个苹果的说明，B选项中eat对应后文中Consuming。故B选项“你一天能吃多少个苹果？”符合语境，故选B。【20题详解】根据上文“Butifyoueatendlessly,eventhehealthiestfoodintheworldwoulddamageyourbodyandincreasethenumberofdoctorvisits.(但如果你没完没了得吃，即使是世界上最健康的食物也会损害你的身体，增加看医生的次数)”可知，上文提到吃太多苹果对健康有害，本句为本段最后一句，应说明吃苹果要适量。故A选项“所以适量食用，保证安全”符合语境，故选A。第三部分语言运用（共两节,满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分,满分15分）阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空格处的最佳选项。Manypeople,whoselivesarefilledwithonefortunateeventafteranother,don’tunderstandhowtheotherhalf,the___21___halflives.LuisJ.Rodriguezinhisautobiography,AlwaysRunning,bringsthe___22___intohisworldwithin-depthdescriptionsofhis___23___.AftermovingfromMexicotoAmericaattheageoftwo,Rodriguez___24___onthestreetsofLosAngeles.Hisyouthisfilledwithdrugs,gangviolence,andracismagainstMexicans.Byhislateteens,Rodriguezhasalready___25___itall,andistryingtogetawayfromit.AsRodrigueztookmethroughhislife,Iexperiencedmany___26___:hatredashedescribesthepolice;fearduringgangwars;___27___whenhemakesadifferenceinhiscommunity.Rodriguez’sintentionoftellinghisstoryistohelpothersavoidthepainandsufferingheexperienced,andtoshowkidstheycan___28___thattypeoflife.Becausethat’snotalifeI’veeverknown,thebookdidn’thavethat___29___onme,butIwasabletounderstandhisdifficulties.Rodriguez___30___seesachancetoleaveandtriestobringhisfriendswithhim.___31___forthem,leavingthatlifeislikedesertingtheirfamily,andtheyarestill___32___togetoutofpain.Readingthisbookislikeawake-upcall:youseehow___33___others’livesareandfeelextremelyluckyforwhatyouhaveHis___34___isthatit’salwayspossibletoextricate(解救)yourself.WhenRodriguezis16,herealizesgangwars,racism,andhatredmuststop.Iftheworldwereableto___35___this,futuregenerationswouldn’thavetolivethatkindoflife.21.A.unlucky B.brave C.homeless D.poor22.A.runner B.reader C.victim D.friend23.A.youth B.country C.family D.change24.A.runsbusiness B.goesshopping C.looksaround D.growsup25.A.done B.defeated C.experienced D.described26.A.struggles B.pains C.emotions D.wonders27.A.pride B.gratitude C.disbelief D.uncertainty28.A.treasure B.rebuild C.sacrifice D.escape29.A.value B.effect C.stress D.control30.A.instantly B.probably C.eventually D.effortlessly31.A.Uninterestingly B.Unfortunately C.Amazingly D.Naturally32.A.likely B.ready C.unwilling D.unable33.A.different B.meaningless C.plain D.adventurous34.A.promise B.achievement C.message D.story35.A.study B.recognize C.predict D.reserve【答案】21.A22.B23.A24.D25.C26.C27.A28.D29.B30.C31.B32.D33.A34.C35.B【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了LuisJ.Rodriguez在洛杉矶的街头长大，他的青年时代充满了毒品、帮派暴力和针对墨西哥人的种族主义。他在他的自传《总是在奔跑》中深入描述了他的青春，文章介绍了Rodriguez的成长经历以及想要传达的信息。【21题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：许多人的生活中充满了一个接一个的幸运事件，却不理解另一半，也就是不幸的那一半人的生活。A.unlucky不幸的；B.brave勇敢的；C.homeless无家可归的；D.poor贫穷的。根据上文“whoselivesarefilledwithonefortunateevent”可知，此处指不幸的人的生活。故选A。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：LuisJ.Rodriguez在他的自传《总是在奔跑》中深入描述了他的青春，将读者带入他的世界。A.runner运动员；B.reader读者；C.victim被害者；D.friend朋友。根据上文“LuisJ.Rodriguezinhisautobiography,AlwaysRunning”可知，此处指将读者带入他的世界，故选B。【23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：LuisJ.Rodriguez在他的自传《总是在奔跑》中深入描述了他的青春，将读者带入他的世界。A.youth青少年；B.country国家；C.family家庭；D.change改变。根据后文“Hisyouthisfilledwithdrugs,gangviolence,andracismagainstMexicans.”可知，这本书主要描述了他的青春。故选A。【24题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：Rodriguez两岁时从墨西哥搬到美国，在洛杉矶的街头长大。A.runsbusiness经营商业；B.goesshopping购物；C.looksaround环顾四周；D.growsup长大。根据后文“onthestreetsofLosAngeles”可知，Rodriguez在洛杉矶的街头长大的。故选D。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：到了十几岁的时候，Rodriguez已经经历了这一切，并试图摆脱它。A.done完成；B.defeated击败；C.experienced经历；D.described描述。根据上文“Hisyouthisfilledwithdrugs,gangviolence,andracismagainstMexicans.”可知，此处指经历了上文提到的毒品、帮派暴力和针对墨西哥人的种族主义。故选C。【26题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当Rodriguez向我讲述他的一生时，我感受到了许多情感：他描述警察时，我感到了仇恨；帮派战争中的恐惧；为自己的社区做出贡献而感到自豪。A.struggles努力；B.pains痛苦；C.emotions情感；D.wonders奇观。根据后文描述“hatredashedescribesthepolice;fearduringgangwars”可知，此处指情感复杂，故选C。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当Rodriguez向我讲述他的一生时，我感受到了许多情感：他描述警察时，我感到了仇恨；帮派战争中的恐惧；为自己的社区做出贡献而感到自豪。A.pride自豪；B.gratitude感激；C.disbelief怀疑；D.uncertainty犹豫。根据后文“whenhemakesadifferenceinhiscommunity”可知，Rodriguez为自己的社区做出贡献而感到自豪。故选A。【28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Rodriguez讲述他的故事的目的是帮助其他人避免他所经历的痛苦和苦难，并向孩子们表明他们可以逃避那种生活。A.treasure珍视；B.rebuild重建；C.sacrifice牺牲；D.escape逃走。根据上文“helpothersavoidthepainandsufferingheexperienced”可知，Rodriguez讲述他的故事的目的是帮助其他人避免他所经历的痛苦和苦难，并向孩子们表明他们可以逃避那种生活。故选D。【29题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：因为我从未经历过这样的生活，这本书对我没有那么大的影响，但我能够理解他的困难。A.value价值；B.effect影响；C.stress强调；D.control控制。根据上文“Becausethat’snotalifeI’veeverknown,thebookdidn’thavethat”可知，因为作者从未经历过这样的生活，所以这本书对作者没有那么大的影响，故选B。【30题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：Rodriguez最终看到了离开的机会，并试图带着他的朋友们一起离开。A.instantly立刻；B.probably可能；C.eventually终于；D.effortlessly轻松地。根据后文“seesachancetoleaveandtriestobringhisfriendswithhim”可知，此处指作者最终看到离开的机会，试图带着他的朋友们一起离开。故选C。【31题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：不幸的是，对他们来说，离开这种生活就像抛弃他们的家庭，他们仍然无法摆脱痛苦。A.Uninterestingly无趣地；B.Unfortunately不幸地；C.Amazingly惊人地；D.Naturally自然地。根据后文“forthem,leavingthatlifeislikedesertingtheirfamily”可知，不幸地是朋友无法离开这种生活。故选B。【32题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：不幸的是，对他们来说，离开这种生活就像抛弃他们的家庭，他们仍然无法摆脱痛苦。A.likely可能的；B.ready准备好的；C.unwilling不情愿的；D.unable不能的。根据上文“forthem,leavingthatlifeislikedesertingtheirfamily”可知，朋友无法离开这种生活，无法摆脱痛苦。故选D。【33题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：读这本书就像一个警钟：你看到了别人的生活是多