英语复习教案：UnitHumnBiology

学必求其心得，业必贵于专精学必求其心得，业必贵于专精学必求其心得，业必贵于专精[话题素材］好词1．low。carbonadj.低碳的2．severelyadv。严重地3．healthyadj.健康的4．balancedadj.均衡的5．keepawayfrom远离6．take_it_easy别着急；慢慢来；不要慌7．amajorityof大多数8．saveenergy节约能源9．as_follows如下10．innotime立刻11．onconditionthat条件是12．protect.。.against保护……免受……13．runout用完佳句1．Nothingismorepreciousthanyoukeepfit。再也没有什么比你保持健康更珍贵了。2．No_matter_howoftentheyturnup，theirwelcomeneverwearsout.不管他们多久露面一次，都永远那么受欢迎.3．According_tomypersonalexperience,neitheryounorIamunlikelytopersuadehimtodealwiththematterimmediately。根据我的个人经验，你和我都不可能说服他马上处理这件事。[精美语篇］Itissaidthatsportsisanimportantformoflife.Sportscanhelpeveryonekeephealthy，enrichourlifeandmaintainourpsychologicalhealth,andhelpusrelaxafteraperiodofexhaustingwork。Apersonwhooftentakesexerciseisalwaysfullofenergy.Sportscanalsomakepeoplelookyoungerthantheyreallyare。What'smore，itproduceschancestotrainourintelligence。Becausewethinkactivelywhenwedoexercise。Myparticipationinsportstellsmethatsportscanmakeushealthybothphysicallyandpsychologically。Itisalsoagoodwayforpeopletoknoweachotherandcanpromotefriendshipbetweenpeople。Solongaswearecarefulenough，sportscandousnothingbutgood。Personally,Ilovesports.Ienjoyparticipatinginsports.IfeelthatInotonlygainawell­balancedlifethroughsports,butalsogetmorechancestomoveclosertonature.Sportshavereallyaddedhappinesstomydailylife。高频单词1．tolerate(vt。)容忍→tolerant（adj.）容忍的；宽容的→tolerance(n。）容忍；忍受2．fundamental(adj.)根本的，基础的3．seek(vt。）寻找→seeker（n。）寻找者；追求者4．oppose（vt。）反对→opposition（n.）反方；对立面→opposite（adj。）相反的；对面的→opposed（adj。）反对的5．violate(vt。)违反；违背→violent(adj.）猛烈的→violence（n。）暴力6．postpone（vt。）推迟，延期7．prohibit（vt.）禁止→prohibition（n。)禁止8．faith(n.）信心→faithful(adj.)忠诚的；忠实的→faithfully(adv。)忠诚地9．rob(vt。)使丧失；抢劫→robber（n。)强盗→robbery(n.)盗窃10．decline(vi.）下降（n。)减少；下降；衰减11．minimum（n。)最低,最小→maximum(n。)最高,最大12．equip（vt。)使有准备→equipment（n.）设备；装备13．fortune（n。)大笔钱财,巨款；运气→fortunate(adj。）幸运的→fortunately(adv。)幸运地14．enquiry(n。）询问→enquire（vt。）询问；调查15．submit（vt。）提交→submission（n。)提交16．extension(n.)延期→extend（v。）延长17．concern（n.)担心;担忧→concerned（adj。)关心的;担忧的→concerning(prep。）关于；有关18．circumstance（n。）情形；情况重点短语1．at_all_costs不管多大代价；无论如何2．straight_away立刻;马上3．in_vain徒然；白费力气4．at_random随便地;随意地5．wipe_out彻底消失6．stop_sth。_in_its_tracks终止;消灭7．at_any_rate无论如何；至少8．bringup教育;养育；呕吐;引述9．gothrough经历；通过10．putoff推迟11．getdownto开始做12．getthrough通过(考试等)；完成13．focuson聚集；集中；对准14．forgood（andall）长期地；永远地15．missout遗漏；遗忘；错过机会热点句型1．if引导状语从句用过去完成时,表示与过去事实相反的假设Manycontemporaryamateurathleteswould_have_broken_world_records_if_they_had_taken_part_inthefirstOlympicGames。（教材P34)许多当代的业余运动员如果参加了首届奥运会，他们会打破很多项世界纪录的。2．ratherthan是一个并列连词,表示“而不是”TheOlympicspirit－thespiritofcompetitionwhichemphasisestakingpartrather_thanwinning－hasbeenviolatedbythedesiretosucceedatallcosts.（教材P34）人们不惜任何代价想获胜的愿望违背了重在参与而不是获胜的奥林匹克精神。3．Itis＋adj.＋todosth.句式Unfortunately，it_is_not_easytocatchathletesusingillegaldrugs.(教材P34）不幸的是，要检查出运动员服用违禁药物是不容易的。4．havesth.done结构Inthefuture,athleteswhohave_their_genes_changedmightbeabletodothe100metresdashinjust8secondsorthemarathoninlessthantwohours.(教材P34)将来，改变基因的运动员有可能创下8秒跑完100米的纪录或不到两小时跑完马拉松的记录。5．sb。/sth。bebelievedto。..为固定结构，意为“某人或某物被认为是……”Havingkilledupto50millionpeoplein18months，withatendencytostriketheyoungandfitratherthantheold，the_Spanish_Flu_is_believed_to_have_beenthemostacuteepidemicinhistory。（教材P38）西班牙流感在18个月内使多达5千万人丧命，并且发病的倾向为:年轻力壮的而不是老年人容易发病，它被认为是历史上最严重的流行性传染病。教材复现在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。1．________(take）thesedrugsisknownas“doping"andalthoughtheyenhanceperformance,theyalsocauseserioushealthproblemsinlaterlifeforthose________abusethem。答案:Taking；who2．BenJohnson________stillbethe100metresworldrecordholderifhehadn'tbeencaught________(take)drugsinthe1988Olympics。答案：would;taking3．Dopingisnotonlyaprobleminathletics,itispartofeverysportswhereathletesseek________achievebeyondtheir________(nature）limitsandarepreparedtocheattodoso.答案：to;natural4．Unfortunately,itisnoteasytocatchathletes________(use)illegaldrugs。答案:using5．TheOlympicspirit－thespiritofcompetitionwhichemphasisestakingpartratherthan________（win)－hasbeenviolatedbythedesiretosucceedatallcosts。答案:winning6．SinceBirdFlufirstappearedin1997,ithas________（take）morethanahundredlives.答案：taken7．________isimportanttolookatthespreadofdiseasesthroughouthistorytodiscoverthecausesandeffectsofepidemics。答案:It8．InurbanareasalloverEurope,Asia，AfricaandtheMiddleEast,up________onehalfofthepopulationwaslosttotheBlackDeath.答案：to9．Herhusband________(disagree）andsaidthatTerriwouldnothavewantedtoliveoninthisstate.答案：disagreed10．IagreewiththedecisionofthecourtsandmedicalinstitutionsintheUnitedStates,________inthecaseoflong。termcomastates，。..答案：that1eq\a\vs4\al(abusevt。＆n。滥用；虐待;辱骂）Theyalsocauseserioushealthproblemsinlaterlifeforthosewhoabusethem。（P34)对滥用兴奋剂的人来说，兴奋剂也会给他们以后的生活带来严重的健康问题。（1)abusesb。辱骂某人，虐待某人abusedrugs/alcohol吸毒/酗酒abuseone’sposition/power滥用职权/权力(2)drugabuse滥用毒品alcoholabuse酗酒abuseofpower滥用职权①［2013·江西高考]Itwillhitbackatyouifyouabuseit。如果你虐待它，它将回击你.②［朗文词典］Heabused_his_positionasmayorbygivingjobstohisrelatives。他滥用市长职权,任用亲属。③[朗文词典]Shehadbeenabusing_drugssinceshewastwelve。她从十二岁起就吸毒。④［朗文词典]Peoplewereshoutingabuseatthesoldiers.人们高声辱骂那些士兵.2eq\a\vs4\al（toleratevt。忍受，容忍)Thesportsworlddoesnottoleratedopingasitisafundamentalformofcheating.(P34）由于它是影响巨大的欺骗形式，所以体育界是不会容忍运动员服用兴奋剂的。（1）tolerate(sb.)doingsth。容忍/容许做某事(2)tolerantadj。容忍的;宽容的betolerantof/towards对……容忍；宽容(3）tolerableadj.可容忍的;可忍受的(4)tolerancen。容忍have(no)toleranceof/for。..对……（毫不容忍)一言串记Weareinfavoroftolerance,_butitisverydifficulttotoleratetheintolerantandimpossibletotoleratetheintolerablethings。我们赞成容忍,但是很难容忍不容异己的人，也不可能容忍无法容忍的事情.①[2014·广东高考]Ican’ttolerateanymoreexcuse.我不能再忍受任何借口了。②[牛津词典]Iwon'ttolerate_your_behavinginthisway.我不能容忍你这样做。③[牛津词典]Theheatwastolerableatnightbutsuffocatingduringtheday。这种炎热的天气在夜间尚能忍受，但白天就令人感到呼吸困难.④[牛津词典］Herownmistakesmadeherverytolerate_of/towards(thefaultsof)others.她因自己有错误,对别人（的错误）就根本不计较了。⑤[朗文词典]Hehadlittletolerance_for/ofmistakes.他几乎不能容忍错误。3seeksought,soughtvt。寻找；寻求;谋求;征求意见，建议；请求帮助，援助vi。试图;企业；寻找Dopingisnotonlyaprobleminathletics，itispartofeverysportwhereathletesseektoachievebeyondtheirnaturallimitsandarepreparedtocheattodoso.（P34)服用兴奋剂不仅仅是田径运动存在的问题,每个运动项目都存在这个问题，运动员为寻求取得超常体育成绩而准备这样欺骗。eq\a\vs4\al（1seekafter/forsth。找到/得到某事物,2seekone'sfortune寻找成功致富的机会,3seekout找出；找到,4seektodosth。试图做……）①［2014·天津高考]Thebookinspiresconfidenceinstudentswhowishtoseektheirownanswers。这本书使那些想寻求自己的答案的学生产生自信心。②［牛津词典]Wesoughtherouttotellherofhersuccess。我们找到她，告诉她她成功了。③Scientistshavebeenseeking_to_understandthemysteryofthe“sixthsense"ofdirection.科学家一直在试图解开方向的第六感官之谜。④Theysought_foraplacetoshelterfromtherain,butinvain.他们寻找避雨的地方,但没能找到.4eq\a\vs4\al（opposevt.&vi.反对；反抗）Gene。therapyisverycontroversialandmanypeopleopposefurtherresearchintoit.（P34）基因治疗是很有争议的,许多人反对进一步研究。(1）oppose（sb.)doingsth。反对（某人)做某事opposesth.to/againststh.使某事物与另一事物对照或对抗(2)opposedadj。相反的;对立的beopposedto＝opposeoneselfto＝objectto＝beagainst反对；与……对立asopposedto与……对照;与……对比；而非(3)oppositeadj.相对的；对面的n。对立的人(物)；对立面adv.对面①［牛津词典］Heopposedtheproposaltobuildanewhall。他反对修建新礼堂的建议。②［2014·四川高考］Thisis_opposed_tothe“earlybird”schedule，andisakindofdisorderwheretheindividualtendstostayupmuchpastmidnight.这是一种与“早起鸟”型相反的类型的人，是一种生活失序经常熬夜到午夜的人。③［朗文词典］Theteachingisgearedtopracticalproblems，as_opposed_totheory.该教学旨在解决实际问题,而不是教授理论.④［牛津词典］Donotopposeyourwillagainstmine.不要用你的意愿和我的抗衡。5eq\a\vs4\al（postponevt。推迟；延期)Idecidednottopostponestudyingandgotupearlyeverymorningtogetdowntoworkstraightaway。（P37)我决定不推迟学习,并每天早上早起直接准备去工作。postponedoingsth.＝delaydoingsth。＝putoffdoingsth.延缓做某事，推迟做某事postponesth.until/till/to把某事推迟到……①［2013·广东高考］IthasbeendecidedthemeetingshouldbepostponeduntilnextSaturday.已经决定，会议延期到下星期六举行。②［牛津词典］Let’spostpone_makingadecisionuntilwehavemoreinformation.咱们在获取更多情报之后再做决定不迟。③［牛津词典]Thematchwaspostponed_tothefollowingSaturdaybecauseofbadweather。比赛因天气不好而延期到下周六进行。6eq\a\vs4\al(prohibitvt.禁止；阻止)SincetheSARSepidemicended，scientistshavebeendoingtrialsontreatmentstoprohibitanyfutureoutbreaks.(P38）自从SARS流行病结束以来，科学家们一直在对治疗进行反复试验以阻止任何未来疫情的突然爆发。（1）prohibitdoingsth.禁止/阻止做某事prohibitsb.fromdoingsth.＝prohibitone'sdoingsth。＝prevent/stop/keepsb.fromdoingsth.禁止某人做某事（2)prohibitionn．禁止;禁令①［2014·课标全国卷Ⅰ]In1897,thestateofMichiganpassedalawprohibitingthekillingofpassengerpigeons。在1897年，美国密歇根州通过一项法律,禁止猎杀旅鸽。②Smokingisprohibited。禁止吸烟。③[牛津词典］Thelawprohibitstobacconistsfrom_sellingcigarettestochildren.法律禁止烟贩向儿童出售香烟。④[朗文词典］Storesareprohibited_from_sellingalcoholtopeopleunder21.禁止商店向21岁以下人群售酒。7eq\a\vs4\al（robvt.使丧失；抢夺；抢劫；打劫；剥夺)Terrihadfallenintoacomain1990whenaheartattackrobbedherbrainofoxygencausingpermanentharm.（P40)1990年，特里心脏病发作，由于大脑缺氧造成了永久性伤害,陷入昏迷状态。（1)robsb。ofsth.抢劫或剥夺某人某物；使某人丧失某物（2）robberyn.盗窃，抢劫robbern。强盗，抢劫犯（3）stealsth.fromsb./sp。从某人/某地窃取某物①[2015·重庆高考]IjustheardthebankwhereDoraworkswas_robbedbyagunmanwearingamask。我刚刚听说一个戴面具的持枪歹徒抢劫了多拉工作的那家银行.②[朗文词典]Ahamstringinjuryrobbedhimofhisspeed。腿筋受伤使得他发挥不出以前的速度了。③［牛津词典］Iwasrobbed_ofmycashandcheque。book。我的现金和支票薄被抢了。④[2014·湖北高考］Thepolicewillrewardwhoeverprovidesusefulinformationtocatchtherobber。任何人提供有用信息帮助抓住劫匪，警方将予以奖励。⑤［朗文词典]Mosthomerobberiesaredrug­related.多数的入室抢劫案都与吸毒有关。易混辨析rob用来谈论被抢劫的人或地方，尤其是银行“rob＋被抢的人/地”，短语为robsb。of..。译作:“抢劫某人/某地的事物”steal用来谈论被偷盗的物品，短语为stealsth。from/sb./sp.［一言辨异］Athiefstolemymoneyfromthedeskdrawer;andwhat’sworse,Iwasrobbedofthemoneyonthewaybackhomefromthebank。小偷从我的桌子抽屉里偷走了我的钱,更糟糕的是，我在从银行回家的路上被抢劫了。图解助记⑥用steal/rob的适当形式填空a．［朗文词典］Twolocalmenwerearrestedfor________acar。b．Theoldladycametothepolicestationandclaimedtobe________ofherpursewhenshewasshopping。c．Thepassingyears________fromusonethingafteranother.d．Theyknockedhimdownand________himofhisbriefcase。答案：a。stealing B．robbedC．steal D．robbed8declinevt.拒绝；谢绝vi。下降；变少；衰减，拒绝n.减少；下降；衰减.。.itisgenerallyagreedthatapatient’schancesofrecoverydecline..。(P40)……通常认为病人康复的可能性下降了……(1)declineto_dosth.婉拒做某事（2)adeclinein/ofsth.在某方面减少/下降indecline/onthedecline在消减；在衰退fall/go_into（a）decline失去力量、影响等①［2014·山东高考］ShedeclinedandinsteadwenttoworkforSedgewick。她拒绝了，相反她去为Sedgewick工作了。②［2014·山东高考］Acompanywhoseprofitsfromhomemarketsare_decliningmayseekopportunitiesabroad.在国内市场利润下降的公司可能会寻求到国外发展的机会。③Inspiteofmanyinvitations，hewouldalwaysdecline_tovisitOxford。尽管多次受到邀请,他还是拒绝去牛津.④［朗文词典]Duringthelasttenyears,theconstructionindustryhasbeenin_decline.过去十年里,建筑业一直在走下坡路.9eq\a\vs4\al（equipvt.＆vi。装备；配备；使有准备）There'snodoubtthatthiswillequipustocureallsortsofillnesses，fromheartdiseasetocancer。（P41)毫无疑问它将装备我们以治愈从心脏病到癌症的各种疾病。（1)equipsb。/sth。withsth。用某物装备某人/某物beequipped_withsth.装备有某物equipsb。/sth.for（doing）sth。为（做）某事而准备(2）equipmentn.设备,设施①［朗文词典]Thenewschoolwillbe_equipped_withthelatestcomputers.新学校将装备最新的计算机。②[牛津词典]Pleaseequipyourselfwithasharppencilandarubberfortheexam。请准备一支尖的铅笔和一块橡皮参加考试。③［牛津词典］Theyequippedthemselvesfortheexpedition.他们为远征治装。④［2014·广东高考］Mostdoitusingsatellitesandotherhigh.techequipment。大部分人进行研究是通过卫星和其它高科技设备。10eq\a\vs4\al(submitvt.递交；提交；顺从；屈服;认输）Youweresupposedtosubmititonthe14thJune。（P41）你本应该在6月14日提交它(文章）。（1)submitsth.to把……提交给……,向……提出……submitsb./oneselfto使某人/自己甘受/服从submitto服从于，屈从于（2)submissionn。服从;顺从；提交一言串记Hesubmittedtotheheadmaster’sorderfinallythatallteachersshouldsubmitthatreporttotheheadmaster。他最终服从了校长的命令——所有的老师都应将那份报告呈交给校长。－特别提示－在submitsth。to短语中,submit是及物动词，意为“呈交”；而在submitto短语中，submit是不及物动词，意为“服从”。①[牛津词典]Irefusetosubmit.我绝不屈服.②[2013·北京高考］Youarefreetosubmitthearticle.你可以自由地提交文章.③［朗文词典］Isubmittedtheplantothecommitteeyesterday。昨天我把计划书提交给委员会了。④［朗文词典］Theyrefusedtosubmit_tothekidnapper’sdemands。他们拒绝服从绑匪的要求。过关演练在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式1．[2015·江苏高考］Itsometimesrequiresthereader________(tolerate)unpleasantnessorannoyance.答案：totoleraterequiresb.todo“要求某人做……"。2．[2013·福建高考］Theeventwasheldforyoungpeoplefromaroundtheworld,________(seek）theirviewsonhowthefutureofyouthandeducationshouldlook。答案：toseek不定式作目的状语。3．Allthememberspresent________（oppose）theplanbitterly。答案：opposed此句谓语为过去时。4．Itwasanunpopulardecisiontopostpone________(build)thenewschool。答案：buildingpostponedoingsth。“推迟做某事".5．[2015·天津高考］Pleasenotethatany________（prohibit)itemswillbetakenawaybytheOfficeofResidenceLife。答案：prohibited过去分词作items的定语表示被动.6．Theyoungmanrobbedher________herbag.答案:ofrobsb.ofsth。“抢劫某人某物”.7．[2015·天津高考]Althoughherdescriptionsoundedwonderful,thepricewasbeyondourrange，sowe________(decline）．答案：declined由前句中sounded及was可知此句为一般过去时。8．[朗文词典］Theprogramequipsyoungsters________technicalskills。答案：withequipsb。withsth。“用某物装备某人”。9．Hesubmittedhimself________asearchbytheguards。答案：tosubmitsb.to。。.“使……甘受/服从……”.1eq\a\vs4\al（invain徒然;无用的；无结果的；无效果的)FloydLandismadeseverallameexcusesblamingmedicinehehadbeentakingforaninjurybutthesewereallinvain.（P34）弗洛伊德·兰蒂斯做了几次站不住脚的辩解,责怪他因伤服用的药物，但是这些都是徒劳的。eq\a\vs4\al（1vainattempt/hope/effort徒劳的尝试/希望/努力,2Itisvaintodosth.做某事是无益的)①Ihavetriedveryhardtofindasolutiontotheproblem,butin_vain。我曾苦苦的探求解决问题的办法,但都是徒劳。②[朗文词典]Allourworkwasin_vain.我们的工作全白干了。③Thepolicetriedin_vaintobreakuptheprotestcrowds。警察企图驱散抗议的人群，但是没有成功.2eq\a\vs4\al（atallcosts＝atanycost不管多大代价，无论如何）TheOlympicspirithasbeenviolatedbythedesiretosucceedatallcosts。(P34）奥运精神已经被不惜一切代价获得成功的欲望所玷污了。（1）atthecostof牺牲；以……为代价/牺牲atacostof以……的价格atanycost＝atallcosts以任何代价atcost按成本价(2）toone'scost付了代价;吃了苦头(3)costsb.sth.花费某人……；使某人付出/丧失……①Thebridgemustberepairedwithinthreedaysat_all_costs。要不惜一切代价在3天内把桥修好。②[牛津词典］Wemustat_all_costspreventthemfromfindingoutabouttheplan。我们无论如何不能让他们探知这个计划。③[朗文词典]Weneedtogetthatcontract,at_any_cost/at_all_costs.我们必须得到那份合同,不惜任何代价.④[朗文词典］Thesoftwareisavailableat_a_cost_of$30.这个软件可以花30美元买到。⑤[牛津词典]Shesavedhimfromdrowningbutonlyat_the_cost_ofherownlife.他遇溺时她把他救了，但却牺牲了她自己的生命。3wipeout彻底毁灭；全部摧毁;除去或取消某事物;擦试盆、碗等的内部Epidemicscanwipeoutuptohalfofthepopulationinurbanareas.(P38)流行病可以消灭居住在城市的多达一半的人口。eq\a\vs4\al(wipeaway擦掉，清除掉，wipesth。off/fromsth。从……上擦去某物；勾销债务等，wipeup擦干净）①［2013·江西高考］Wearealwaysreadytowipe_outanyenemywhodarestoattack.我们时刻准备消灭一切胆敢来犯之敌。②［北师大⑧－22］Avolcaniceruptionnearlywiped_outthesmallislandofMontserratin1997。1997年的一次火山喷发差点把蒙塞拉特这一小岛给毁灭了。③Don’twipethescalesoffthefish。不要把鱼鳞剔除。4eq\a\vs4\al（atanyrate无论如何；不管怎样)Iftrendscontinuethewaythey’regoing，theninmyopinion,yes－indevelopedcountriesatanyrate.(P41）如果这种趋势继续以它们现在的方式发展下去的话,我认为至少在发达国家是那样的。eq\a\vs4\al(atthis/thatrate照此情形；如此下去,atthe/arateof以……的速度或比率；以……的价格，ataspeedof以……速度)①[牛津词典］That'sonepartofthejobdoneatanyrate。不管怎么说，这工作已经做了一部分了.②[朗文词典］Heiswhat，17?At_any_rate,_heisoldenoughtogoonhisown.他多大了,17？不管怎么说，他都该自立了。③［朗文词典］At_this_rate，_we’llneveraffordavacation.照这种情形看，我们永远也度不起假.过关演练选词填空atthecostof;wipeout；atallcosts；invain；atarateof；atanyrate1．Weshouldpromotetheproject________。答案：atallcosts2．Hesucceeded________hishealth.答案：atthecostof3．Hiseffortstoraisemoneyforhisprogramwere________becausenooneshowedanyintentiontotakeacentoutoftheirpockets。答案：invain4．[朗文词典］Fires________halfofthecity.答案：wipedout5．Thecarisrunning________eightykilometersanhour.答案:atarateof6．Hedoesn’tunderstandme，or________notfully.答案:atanyrate1TheOlympicspirit－thespiritofcompetitionwhichemphasisestakingpartratherthanwinning－hasbeenviolatedbythedesiretosucceedatallcosts.P34人们不惜任何代价想获胜的愿望违背了重在参与而不是获胜的奥林匹克精神。－特别提示－（1）ratherthan为并列连词,意为“而不是;与其……不如……",这一表达方式通常用在平行结构中,连接相同的句子成分，即ratherthan前后两部分在成分和形式上应当一致。（2）ratherthan连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词应与ratherthan前面的词在人称和数上保持一致。(1)prefertodosth.rather_thandosth.宁愿做……而不做……（2）woulddosth.ratherthandosth。wouldratherdosth.thandosth。宁愿做……而不做……①［朗文词典]Weusuallytravelbytrainratherthanbyplane.我们通常坐火车而不是乘飞机出行。②［牛津词典]She'dratherdiethanlosethechildren。她宁可死也不愿失去孩子们。③Shepreferredtostayathomerather_thangoshoppingwithhim.她宁愿待在家里，而不愿与他去购物。④Mary，rather_thanyou，istoblamefornotfinishingtheworkontime.是玛丽而不是你因为没有按时完成工作而受责备。2Itiscompulsoryforwinnerstobetestedbutotherparticipantsareonlytestedatrandom。P34获胜者要强制性地进行检查，而其他参与者只是随意地检查。本句为“Itis＋adj.＋(forsb。）todosth.”句式，it作形式主语，真正的主语是不定式短语todosth。。（1）在“Itis＋adj。＋forsb.to_dosth。”句式中，作表语的形容词说明不定式行为的性质和特点,常见的有：easy,difficult,important,necessary，vital，possible等。(2)在“Itis＋adj.＋ofsb.todosth。”句式中，作表语的形容词说明不定式逻辑主语的品行、性格或性质,常见的有：kind,nice,good，clever,wise，careful,stupid,foolish,rude等。①Howsillyit_was_of_youtogiveupsuchagoodchance！放弃这么好的一个机会,你真是太傻了!②It_isbadmannersfor_the_young_totakeuptheseatsfortheold。年轻人占据老年人的座位是不礼貌的。3Inthefuture，athleteswhohavetheirgeneschangedmightbeabletodothe100metresdashinjust8secondsorthemarathoninlessthantwohours.P34将来，基因发生改变的运动员可能能在仅仅8秒内跑完100米，或在不到两个小时的时间里跑完马拉松.eq\x(本句使用了havesth.done结构.）eq\a\vs4\al(此结构往往表示以下几个含义：,1使/让/请别人做某事某事物被……。，2主语遭受某种情况.）①[牛津词典]Theyaregoingtohavetheirhousepainted.他们准备把房子粉刷一下。②[牛津词典］We'rehavingourcarrepaired。我们的车正在修理.③[牛津词典］Theyhavehadtheirrequestrefused.他们的请求遭到拒绝。④[牛津词典］CharlesⅠhadhisheadcut_off.查理一世遭斩首.过关演练完成句子1．(1)Itisvital________haveagratefulheartandshowourthankstoanythinggoodandanypersonthatisnice.对我们来说，拥有一颗感恩的心,并对任何好人好事表示感谢是至关重要的.(2)________walksuchalongwayinthesnow。在雪中走那么远的路不容易.(3)It’snice________finisheatingeverythingonyourplate。你吃完你盘子里的所有东西，真是太好了.答案：(1)forusto(2)Itisnoteasyto（3)ofyouto2．(1）［2014·安徽高考］Whatweexpectfromyouisworkinghard________hardlyworking.我们对你的期望是努力工作而不是几乎不工作。(2）Toenjoythescenery，Bobwouldspendlongtimeonthetrainratherthan________byair.为了欣赏风景，鲍勃宁愿花长时间坐火车而不愿坐飞机旅行。（3)I________thancheatinthe