Unit1定语从句课件高中英语人教版

定语从句AttributiveClauseWedon’thavethesameworkhoursthatofficeworkersinthecityhave.Thebook,whichwasdesignedasapleasantsurpriseforhim,waslostontheway.定语从句的结构：

先行词+关系词+定语从句定语从句的分类：限制性定语从句:一般紧跟在先行词后面,不用逗号把从句与先行词分隔开来。是句子中不可缺少的成分,少了它句子就会失去意义不能成立。

e.g.MybrotherwholivesintheUSAhas6children.非限制性定语从句:通常由逗号与句子其他成分隔开。只是对先行词作进一步的说明,没有它句子仍能成立,意思仍很清楚。

e.g.Mybrother,wholivesintheUSA,has6children.关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。

关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词：that,which,who,whom,whose,as（做主语，宾语，表语，定语等句子成分）关系副词：when,where,why（作状语）关系代词用法

关系代词指代

在从句中的作用thatwhichwhowhomwhose人／物

主／宾物

主／宾人

主／宾人宾

人／物

定

1.Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.

2.Hereistheboythatdamagedthevase.

3.Heistheman(that)Itoldyouabout.1.关系代词thatthat指事物，也可指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时可省略。2.关系代词whichwhich指事物,在从句中作主语和宾语。(作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省)Thesearethetreeswhichwereplantedlastyear.Thisrecorder（which）heisusingismadeinJapan.Isthisthelibraryfromwhichyouborrowbooks?that与which的区别：在下列情况下只用that引导：(1)当先行词是all,much,little,few,something,anything,everything,nothing等不定代词时;(2)先行词被all,much,little,some,any,every,no,few等词修饰时;（3）当先行词是序数词或被序数词thelast/thefirst/thesecond修饰时;（4）当先行词是形容词或被形容词最高级以及heonly/thevery等词修饰时;（5）当先行词中既有人又有物时;（6）当主句中有who

或者which

时,为了避免重复,定语从句只能用that引导。1.All________wehavetodoistopracticeeveryday.Conclusion：2.Thefirstlesson_______IlearnedwillneverbeforgottenConclusion：that先行词是不定代词all,few,little,much,something,nothing,anything等，宜用that.that先行词是序数词或形容词最高级或被序数词或形容词的最高级修饰时，宜用that.只用that的场合3.Ihavereadallthebooks________yougaveme.Conclusion：

that先行词被theonly,just,all,any,every,few,little,no,some等修饰时，宜用that.4.Theytalkedofthingsandpersons__________theyrememberedintheschool.Conclusion：

先行词既有人又有物时，宜用that.that5.Whoistheboy________washerejustnow?Whichisthebike________youlost?Conclusion：

当主语是以who/which开头的特殊疑问句时，定语从句须用that，以免重复。thatthat1.Thisisthehousein______JiXiaolanusedtolive.which介词提到关系代词前且指物时，用which。如forwhich,onwhich,inwhich,ofwhich等。2.Waterisveryimportant,_______weuseeveryday.引导非限制性定语从句且指物时，用which，不能用that。

which只用which的场合在下列情况下只能用which

“介词+关系代词”结构ThisisthehouseinwhichpremierZhouoncelived.(2)引导非限制性定语从句(3)先性词本身是that,或句子中已经有了that时e.g.WhatIwanttodoisthatwhichwillhelpusall.介词+关系词的定义当介词后的宾语提前做为先行词时，介词可以放在定语从句中，也可提前放于关系词前Heistheperson_____________youspoketo.that/who/whomHeistheperson_______youspoke.towhomThisisthehouse__________Ilived4yearsago.inThisisthehouse______Ilived4yearsago.that/whichinwhich介词+关系词一、先行词是物时，介词后用关系词which，先行词是人时，介词后用关系词whom.三、介词后面的关系词不能省略。Sheistheteacherto()Iamgrateful.Thisisthelibraryfrom()heborrowedthebook.whomwhich“介词+关系代词”结构介词的选用（考虑两个因素）（1）定语从句中先行词的搭配习惯IneverforgetthedayonwhichIjoinedthearmy.IneverforgetthedaysduringwhichIwasinthearmy.Ineverforgettheyearinwhichmysonwenttocollege.（2）定语从句中谓语动词的搭配习惯

HaveyoufoundthebookforwhichIpaid$10.HaveyoufoundthebookonwhichIspent$10.Haveyoufoundthebookaboutwhichsheoftentalks.2.与关系副词或whose互换作时间状语的at/in/on/duringwhich等可与when互换

e.g.

I

stillrememberthedayonwhich/whenwereachedthetopoftheTaishanMountain.(2)作地点状语的at/in/on/towhich等可以与where转换

e.g.weshouldfindaplacetowhich/wherewecangoforabreakfast.(3)reason后表示原因的forwhich可以与why

互换

e.g.Iwanttoknowthereason

forwhich/whyhewaslateforschoolagain.(4)ofwhom/which作定语表示所属关系时可以与whose互换。RecentlyIboughtanancientChinesevase,thepriceofwhichwasveryreasonable.RecentlyIboughtanancientChinesevase,whosepricewasveryreasonable.对比练习：用适当的关系词填空1.Theroom___________________heoncelivedisstillthere.

Theroom___________________Ihavetocleaneverydaybelongstomymother.where/inwhich(that/which)对比练习：用适当的关系词填空2.Iwillneverforgettheday_______________

Imetyou.Iwillneverforgettheday______________wespenttogether.when/onwhich(that/which/省略)

Thereason_____________Idon’tknowisknowntohim.(that/which)why/forwhich3.

Thereason________________Idon’tknowthethingisthatIwasnotthereatthattime.3.关系代词who

who指人,在从句作主语，也可做宾语，作宾语时可省略。

１.Themanwhodidtherobberyhasbeencaught.２.Doyouknowthemanwhocametovisityoutoday?Theman

(who)Italkedwithisourteacher.4.关系代词whomwhom指人，在从句中作宾语。(作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省)1.Doyouknowtheman(whom)youwillvisittoday?２.Theworkers,someof

whomstayedhereforfouryears,comefromdifferentcountries.5.关系代词whose

whose既指人,也指事物,在定语从句中作定语。1.SheisthegirlwhoseEnglishisthebestinourclass.2.Iborrowedabookfromthelibrarywhosenameis“WarandPeace”.

6.关系代词asas可以引导限制性定语从句，先行词中有such,as,so,thesame等词修饰,构成固定搭配such……as……as……as…….so……….as……thesame….as….

同时as充当从句的主语、宾语或者表语

1.ThisisthesamebookasIlentyou.2.SuchmachinesasareusedinourworkshoparemadeinChina.6.关系代词asas引导非限制性定语从句既可放在主句之前，可放在主句之后，位置灵活，用来修饰整个句子。通常用下列句型：asisknowntoall,asissaid,asisreported,asisannounced,asweallknow,asIexpect,6.关系代词asAsIexpected,hegotthefirstplaceagaininthismid-termexamination.Taiwan,asweallknow,belongstoChina

注意：which也可以引导非限制性定语从句,代表主句的所有内容,但是which从句只能放在主句后。Practice1.Theman______________istalkingtomeisafriendofmyfather’s.2.Theschool__________________isfamousherehasalonghistory.3.Iliveinthehouse_________windowsfacesouth.4.Theman______________IamtalkingtoisMr.Zhang.that/who/whom/省略that/whichwhosethat/who1.关系副词when

先行词是表示时间的名词，在定语从句中作时间状语，关系副词用when。

1.Ican’trememberthedatewhenhewentabroad.

2.I’llneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedthearmy.2.关系副词where先行词是表示地点的名词，在定从中作地点状语，关系副词用where;其中注意表示抽象概念的地点名词，如，situation、stage、degree、point等表示方面或程度时，也需用where1.Thisisthevillage

whereUncleWangoncelived.2.Theyhavereachedthepoint

wheretheyhavetoseparatewitheachother.3.He’sgothimselfintoadangeroussituation

whereheislikelytolosecontrolovertheplane.3.关系副词why先行词是reason，在定从中作原因状语，关系副词用why1.Idon’tknowthereason

whyhewaslate.2.Noneofusknowthereason

whyTomwasabsentfromthemeeting.填上合适的关系词Idon'tliketheway_________________hespoketome.that/inwhich/