2024-2025学年新教材高中英语UNIT2SPORTSANDFITNESSSectionⅠTOPICTALK课时检测含解析北师大版必修第一册

PAGEPAGE7TOPICTALKⅠ.阅读理解ARobertoClementeisthegreatestbaseballplayerofalltime.Hehadanunbelievablebattingaverage(击球率)inallseasonsheplayed.Havingwonfourbattingtitles,GoldGloveAwardstwelvetimes,andaMostValuablePlayerAward,heiscertainlythebestthateverplayed.Besidesbeingthebestbaseballplayer,RobertoClementewasalsoagreatmanandahero.In1972,therewasanearthquakeinNicaragua.OnDecember31ofthatyear,ClementeflewtoNicaraguatotakesuppliestothepeople.Almostimmediatelyaftertake­off,theplanecrashedintotheCaribbeanSea.ThebesthonorsforClementecameafterhedied.HewasthefirstLatinovotedintotheBaseballHallofFame.In1999,thecityofPittsburgh,whereheplayedbaseball,renamedabridgeafterhim—abridgethatleadstothecity'sbeautifulnewstadium.NoonesummedupthelifeofRobertoClementeandthebaseballcommissioner(总干事)when,atClemente'sHallofFameawardceremony,hesaid,“Hewassogreataman,asaleaderandhumanitarian,sogreataninspirationtotheyoungandtoallinbaseball,especiallytotheproudpeopleofhishomeland,PuertoRico.”ThecommissionerfurtherhonoredClementebycreatingasportsmanshipawardinhisname.语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲解并描述了棒球明星罗伯托·克莱门特的人生经验。1．WhatcanbeconcludedfromRobertoClemente'striptoNicaragua?A．Hegotinjuredinanaircrash.B．Hecaredaboutpeopleandtheworld.C．HedonatedahugesumofmoneytoNicaragua.D．Heearnedhisfameforhisbraveryandgenerosity.解析：选B推理推断题。依据其次段其次、三句In1972,therewasanearthquakeinNicaragua.OnDecember31ofthatyear,ClementeflewtoNicaraguatotakesuppliestothepeople.可知，在1972年尼加拉瓜发生地震后，克莱门特飞往尼加拉瓜，向那里的人民运输物资。据此可推知，克莱门特是一位关切人民和世界的人，故B项正确。2．WhatdoweknowaboutRobertoClementefromthepassage?A．HediedinPuertoRico.B．Therewasabridgebuiltforhim.C．HeplayedbaseballinPittsburgh.D．HisstatuewasintheBaseballHallofFame.解析：选C细微环节理解题。依据第三段尾句中的In1999,thecityofPittsburgh,whereheplayedbaseball可知，他曾在匹兹堡市打过棒球，故C项正确。3．WhathappenedatClemente'sHallofFameawardceremony?A．AsportsmanshipawardwassetupinClemente'sname.B．ClementewasvotedintotheSoccerHallofFame.C．Clementegainedanhonorfromthepeopleofhishomeland.D．ThecommissionerpraisedClemente'sunbelievablebattingskills.解析：选A细微环节理解题。依据最终一段尾句ThecommissionerfurtherhonoredClementebycreatingasportsmanshipawardinhisname.可知，为表彰克莱门特，总干事还以克莱门特的名义设立了一项体育精神奖，故A项正确。4．Whereisthepassagemostprobablytakenfrom?A．Asciencejournal. B．Asportsmagazine.C．Aradioprogram. D．Anewsreport.解析：选B文章出处题。通读全文可知，本文讲解并描述了棒球明星罗伯托·克莱门特的人生经验。据此可推知，本文最可能选自体育杂志，故B项正确。BWehumansareaddictedtosugar.Thatmakessense.Allanimalsneedsugartolive.It'sthefuelthatpowersourcells.Soit'snotsurprisingthatwe'reborntowantthesweetstuff.Sugarstoresthesun'senergylikeabattery.Afterameal,yourbodybreaksdownfoodsintotheirbuildingblocks.Itusessomesugarforenergyrightaway.Therestgetstoredforthebodytobreakdownlater.It'samyththatsugarmakesyouextremelyexcited,buthavingasugarysnackcangiveyouaquickburstofenergy.That'sbecausethesugarinsweetfoodsiseasyforyourbodytoturnintofuel.Whenyoueatotherkindsoffoods,likevegetables,ittakeslongerforyourbodytobreakthesugardown.Thesedaysit'seasytofindsweetsnacks.Sodas,candy,cakesandevenfoodsthatseemhealthy,suchasyogurt,canbepackedwithsugar.Foodmakersaddsugar,becausetheyknowthattohumans,sweetmakeseverythingtastebetter.Americanseatabout20teaspoonsofextrasugareveryday.That'smorethanwhatisgoodforus.Eatingtoomuchsugarcancausemorethanastomachache.Itcanmakepeopleoverweight,decaytheteethandevencausediabetes.However,expertsaren'tworriedaboutnaturallysweetfoods—theproblemisaddedsugar.Sogoaheadandenjoysweetapplesorevensugar­richcarrotsthatarealsofullofvitaminsandothergoodstuff.Evencakeisgreatonceinawhile,aslongasyoudon'toverdoit.Afterall,noonewantslifetobedull.Andyourbodyneedsitsfuel!语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了糖能给人体供应必需的能量，且易分解，并建议人们不要过多食用甜食，最好食用富含糖但也富含维生素和其他有益成分的自然食物。5．Thefirsttwoparagraphsaremainlydevelopedby________.A．causeandeffectB．problemandsolutionC．givingexamplesD．makingcomparisons解析：选A写作手法题。依据第一段尾句Soit'snotsurprisingthatwe'reborntowantthesweetstuff.和其次段倒数其次句That'sbecausethesugarinsweetfoodsiseasyforyourbodytoturnintofuel.并结合第一、二段的内容可知，第一段说明了人天生须要糖的缘由；其次段说明了甜食能快速补充能量的缘由；据此可推知，前两段是通过说明因果的方法组织内容的，故A项正确。6．Peoplemaybetrickedintoeatingtoomuchsugarbecause________.A．noonewantslifetobeboringB．we'reborntowantthesweetstuffC．so­calledhealthyfoodcanbepackedwithsugarD．sugaristhefuelfortheplantsandanimalsontheearth解析：选C细微环节理解题。依据第三段第一、二句Thesedaysit'seasytofindsweetsnacks.Sodas,candy,cakesandevenfoodsthatseemhealthy,suchasyogurt，canbepackedwithsugar.可知，甜食随处可见，即使是看起来健康的食品也会含有大量糖分，故人们会误食许多含糖食品。故C项正确。7．WhatdoestheauthorwanttostressinParagraph4?A．We'dbettersaynotosweetfoods.B．Expertsareworriedaboutaddedsugar.C．Eatingtoomuchsugarisbadforourhealth.D．We'dbetterconsumesugarfromnaturalsources.解析：选D推理推断题。通读第四段可知，该段第一、二句介绍了食用过量的糖的害处；第三句说明专家对添加糖分的食品的担忧；第四句紧接着提出建议：吃富含糖但也富含维生素和其他有益成分的自然食物。据此可推知，该段旨在强调，我们最好食用自然食物来摄入糖分，故D项正确。8．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．SugarIsEverywhereB．SugarBringsHappinessC．WhyDoWeLoveSugar?D．WhyDoesSugarMakeUsFat?解析：选C标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章主要说明了为什么人天生须要糖分；糖分对人体的作用，并建议我们最好食用不但富含糖分、还含有维生素和其他有益成分的自然食物。故C项最适合作本文标题。CRunningisoftentiringandalotofhardwork,butnothingbeatsthefeelingyougetafterfinishingalongworkoutaroundthetrack.Butwhileit'slongbeenbelievedthatendorphins(内啡肽)—chemicalsinthebodythatcausehappiness—arebehindtheso­called“runner'shigh”，astudysuggestedthattheremaybemoretothisphenomenonthanwepreviouslyknew.AccordingtoarecentstudypublishedbyagroupofscientistsfromseveralGermanuniversities,agroupofchemicalscalledendocannabinoids(内源性大麻素)mayactuallyberesponsibleforthisfamiliargreatfeeling.Totestthistheory,thescientiststurnedtomice.Bothmiceandhumansreleasehighlevelsofendorphinsandendocannabinoidsafterexercise,alongwithmanyotherchemicals.Afterexercisingonrunningwheels,themiceseemedhappyandrelaxedanddisplayednosignsofanxiety.Butafterbeinggivenadrugtoblocktheirendorphinstheychanged.However,whentheirendocannabinoidswereblockedwithadifferentdrug,therunner'shighsymptomsseemedtofade.“Thelong­heldnotionofendorphinsbeingresponsiblefortherunner'shighisfalse.Endorphinsareeffectivepainrelievers,butonlywhenitcomestothepaininyourbodyandmusclesyoufeelafterworkingout，”PatrickLucasAustinwroteonascienceblog.Similarstudiesareyettobecarriedoutonhumans,butit'salreadywellknownthatexerciseisahighlyeffectivewaytogetridofstressoranxiety.TheUK'sNationalHealthServiceevenprescribes(开药方)exerciseforpatientswhoaresufferingfromdepression.“Beingdepressedcanleaveyoufeelinglowinenergy,whichmightputyouoffbeingmoreactive.Regularexercisecanboostyourmoodifyouhavedepression,andit'sespeciallyusefulforpeoplewithmildtomoderate(中等的)depression，”itwroteonitswebsite.Itseemslikenothingcanbeatthatfeelingwegetafteragoodworkout,evenifwedon'tfullyunderstandwhereitcomesfrom.Atleastifwe'refeelingdown,weknowthatallwehavetodoisputonourrunningshoes.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要探究了影响运动者心情高涨的因素。9．WhatdidscientistsfromGermanuniversitiesrecentlydiscover?A．Workingoutisahighlyeffectivewaytotreatdepression.B．Therunner'shighcouldbecausedbyendocannabinoids.C．Endorphinsmaycontributetoone'shighspiritsafterrunning.D．Thelevelofendorphinsandendocannabinoidscouldaffectone'smood.解析：选B细微环节理解题。依据第三段内容可知，德国一些高校的科学家们最近发觉了跑步者心情高涨可能是由内源性大麻素引起的，故选B。10．Thescientistsgavemicedrugsintheirexperimentto________.A．findwhatreducestherunner'shighsymptomsB．seethespecificsymptomsoftherunner'shighC．identifywhatisresponsiblefortherunner'shighD．testwhatinfluencesthelevelofendocannabinoidsreleased解析：选C推理推断题。通过对其次段和第三段的整体理解，并结合第四段内容可推知，科学家们在试验中给老鼠药物是为了确定原委是哪种物质会引起跑步者的心情高涨，故选C。11．Theunderlinedword“notion”inParagraph7hastheclosestmeaningto“________”．A．effect B．goalC．question D．belief解析：选D词义揣测题。依据对全文内容的理解可知，该词所在句子与其次段内容呼应，并结合本句结构可推知，此处notion与believed相呼应，故选D。12．AccordingtotheUK'sNationalHealthService,regularworkouts________.A．arethebestwaytotreatdepressionB．canhelpeasedepressionsymptomsC．onlyworkforthosewithseriousdepressionD．canhelppeoplecompletelyrecoverfromdepression解析：选B细微环节理解题。依据倒数第三、四段和倒数其次段其次句Regularexercisecanboostyourmoodifyouhavedepression,andit'sespeciallyusefulforpeoplewithmildtomoderate(中等的)depression可知，常规熬炼有利于心情好转及缓解抑郁症状，故选B。Ⅱ.阅读七选五Everyoneisawarethattakinggoodcareofourbodiescanpreventmanymedicalproblemsfromoccurringlater.However,weoftenhavelessawarenessofpreventativeactionsweshouldtaketohelpwithmentalhealthproblems.Whileourmentalhealthmaybefinerightnow,manyofuswillstruggleatsomepoint.__1__It'simpossibletogetthroughlifewithoutchallenges,butourmentalhealthpreventionhabitscanhelpusgetthroughdifficulttimes.__2__Keepactive.Themoreactiveyouphysically,mentallyandsociallyare,thehigherthelevelofyourmentalwellnessislikelytobe.Sogoforwalksandlearnsomethingnew.Therearemanyotherwaystobeactive.__3__Beconnected.Regularinvolvementinsocialactivitieswithsupportivefriendsandfamilyimprovesyourabilitytohandledisappointments,andeverythingelselifethrowsatyou.__4__Butyoucanbeinvolvedinanymanner;evenvolunteeringfor