北京市怀柔区2023-2024学年高二上学期期末考试英语试卷 含解析

怀柔区2023-2024学年度第一学期高二质量检测英语注意事项：1.考生要认真填写姓名和考号。2.本试卷共11页，分为三部分。考试时间90分钟，满分100分。3.试题所有答案必须填涂或书写在答题卡的对应位置，在试卷上作答无效。选择题必须用2B铅笔作答；书面表达部分必须用黑色字迹的签字笔作答。4.考试结束后，考生应将试卷和答题卡放在桌面上，待监考员收回。第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ThestoryofJenniferBrickerisoneofthemostamazingstory,whichisfullofbothgreatsurprisesandlifelessons.JenniferwasborninRomaniawithoutanylegs.Shewaslater____1____byalovingAmericanfamily,theBrickers,andraisedinthesmalltownofHardinville,Illinois.TheBrickersneverletthis____2____stopherfromachievingherdreams.Hernewparentsgaveherasimplerule,“Neversaycan’t”!Theydidwhatevertheycouldtomakeherlifeasuccess.Thegirlwas____3____justliketheBrickers’ownchildren.Shewasencouragedtoplaywiththeothernormalboysandgirlsandbecamegoodatmany____4____,includingvolleyball,softballandbasketball.Butitwastumbling(翻腾运动)thatwashertruelove.Whenshewasalittlegirl,shewasabig____5____oftheOlympicgoldmedalist---DominqueMoceanu.ShewouldcopyheronTVwheneverDominqueMoceanu____6____inthetumblingprogramsandcontinuepracticingafterwards.AsshegrewolderJenniferbegan____7____againstprofessionaltumblingathletesaroundIllinois.Notonlydidshecompete,butsheevenwentontobecomeaStateChampion!Jenniferandherfamilyalwaysbelievedshecoulddowhatevershewantedtoandthatherpositiveattitudeandhardworkwouldmakeitanother____8____.Ifherstorywasnotamazingenoughalready,whenJenniferturned16,shegotthemost____9____newsinherlife.ShelearnedthatherbelovedDominqueMoceanuwasactuallyherbiologicalsister!NowJenniferistouringthecountryasa(n)_____10_____speakertoencouragemoredisabledyoungsters.1.A.adopted B.injured C.sold D.seen2.A.disability B.gift C.excuse D.failure3.A.signedup B.broughtup C.putup D.keptup4.A.roles B.instruments C.sports D.tricks5.A.audience B.athlete C.member D.fan6.A.performed B.appeared C.hosted D.challenged7.A.competing B.fighting C.acting D.going8.A.pity B.topic C.challenge D.success9.A.disturbing B.popular C.unbelievable D.reliable10.A.fluent B.loud C.silent D.inspiring【答案】1.A2.A3.B4.C5.D6.B7.A8.D9.C10.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述的是先天无腿的詹妮弗·布里克在父母的鼓励下积极参加体育锻炼，并参加州运动会而最终成为冠军的故事，而且她的故事充满了惊奇，她还进行全国巡回演讲激励那些残疾青少年。【1题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：后来，她被一个充满爱心的美国家庭布里克收养，并在伊利诺伊州哈丁维尔的小镇上长大。A.adopted收养；B.injured受伤；C.sold卖；D.seen看见。根据下文中的“Thegirlwas____3____justliketheBrickers’ownchildren.”可知，她像布里克家自己的孩子一样，由此可推断，此空指的是她是被布里克家“收养”的。故选A项。【2题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：布里克夫妇从未让这种残疾阻止她实现梦想。A.disability残疾；B.gift礼物；C.excuse借口；D.failure失败。根据上文中的“JenniferwasborninRomaniawithoutanylegs.”可知，詹妮弗天生没有腿，由此可推断，此处指的是布里克一家没有让“残疾”阻碍她实现自己的梦想。故选A项。【3题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：这个女孩就像布里克家自己的孩子一样被抚养长大。A.signedup报名；B.broughtup培养，抚养；C.putup张贴；D.keptup维持。根据语境和下文中的“Shewasencouragedtoplaywiththeothernormalboysandgirlsandbecamegoodatmany____4____,includingvolleyball,softballandbasketball.”可知，她被鼓励和其他正常的男孩和女孩一起玩耍，由此可知，此处指的是她被像其他孩子一样被“培养”。故选B项。【4题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她被鼓励和其他正常的男孩和女孩一起玩耍，并擅长许多运动，包括排球、垒球和篮球。A.roles角色；B.instruments乐器；C.sports运动；D.tricks诡计。根据语境和下文中的“includingvolleyball,softballandbasketball.”可知，此处指的是“体育运动”符合语境。故选C项。【5题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当她还是个小女孩的时候，她是奥运会金牌得主DominqueMoceanu的忠实粉丝。A.audience听众；B.athlete运动员；C.member成员；D.fan粉丝。根据上文中的“Butitwastumbling(翻腾运动)thatwashertruelove.”可知，翻腾运动是詹妮弗的真爱，结合下文“ShewouldcopyheronTVwheneverDominqueMoceanu____6____inthetumblingprogramsandcontinuepracticingafterwards.”可知，无论何时电视上有DominqueMoceanu的翻腾运动的节目，她都会去模仿，由此可推断，她是DominqueMoceanu的“粉丝”。故选D项。【6题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：每当DominqueMoceanu出现在电视的翻腾运动节目中，她都会模仿她，然后继续练习。A.performed表演，执行；B.appeared出现；C.hosted主办；D.challenged挑战。根据上文中的“ShewouldcopyheronTVwheneverDominqueMoceanu”可知，詹妮弗都要去模仿DominqueMoceanu的翻腾运动，由此可推断，此处指的是每次DominqueMoceanu“出现”在电视节目中。故选B项。【7题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着年龄的增长，詹妮弗开始参加伊利诺斯州的专业翻腾运动运动比赛。A.competing竞争，参加比赛；B.fighting战斗；C.acting表演；D.going去，走。根据下文中的“Notonlydidshecompete,butsheevenwentontobecomeaStateChampion!”可知，她不仅要参加比赛，而且她甚至成为了州冠军，由此可知，此处为“参加比赛”符合语境。故选A项。【8题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：詹妮弗和她的家人一直相信她可以做任何她想做的事，她积极的态度和努力的工作将使她再次成功。A.pity可惜；B.topic话题；C.challenge挑战；D.success成功。根据上文中的“Jenniferandherfamilyalwaysbelievedshecoulddowhatevershewantedtoandthatherpositiveattitudeandhardworkwouldmakeit”可知，詹妮弗和她的家人始终相信她积极的态度以及刻苦的训练会使人“成功”符合语境。故选D项。【9题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果她的故事还不够神奇的话，当詹妮弗16岁的时候，她得到了生命中最令人难以置信的消息。A.disturbing令人不安的；B.popular受欢迎的；C.unbelievable难以置信的；D.reliable可靠的。根据下文中的“ShelearnedthatherbelovedDominqueMoceanuwasactuallyherbiologicalsister!”可知，她了解到她崇拜的偶像DominqueMoceanu竟是她的姐姐，由此可知，此处应为这是一个“难以置信的”消息。故选C项。【10题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：现在詹妮弗作为一个鼓舞人心的演讲者在全国巡回演讲，鼓励更多的残疾青少年。A.fluent流利的；B.loud声音大的；C.silent沉默的；D.inspiring鼓舞人心的。根据语境和下文中的“toencouragemoredisabledyoungsters.”可知，詹妮弗全国演讲鼓励更多的残疾青少年，由此可知推断，此处指的是她作为一名“鼓舞人心的”演讲者，符合语境。故选D项。第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。IrememberGrahamwasverydifficultbeforehecameintomyclass.Ihadheardstoriesabouthisbadbehavior.OnceIcaughthimandhisfriendsseeingwhocouldjumpthefarthestofftheschoolstage!Butwhenhegotinterested,hechanged.Thefirstdayhewalkedintomyclass,he____11____(drag)hisschoolbagbehindhimandlookingbored,butassoonasIsetupanexperiment____12____(show)howthehumanstomachworksusingacidandanonion,hegavemehisfullattention.IthappenedearlyonaFridaymorning.Tina,asixteen-year-oldgirlcametoschoolasusual.Butwhensheenteredtheclassroom,she____13____(find)herteacheronthefloor,unconscious.Tinaquicklynoticedthatherteacherwaswearingabracelet____14____saidshehaddiabetes,Tinaphonedtheemergencyservicesandtoldthemwhatshe____15____(justsee).Afewdaysago,Iwentoutforadinnerget-togetherwithsomefriends.Mybestfriendleftthetablefor30____16____(minute)becausehehadtotakeacall.Somespentthedinnerbentovertheirphones,____17____(text)friendsonlinebutignoringtheoneswhosatrightinfrontofthem.Mostpeoplebelievewhentheyareliving____18____(comfortable)andearningenoughmoney,theywillhavenoworries.However,mostpeopleneverfeeltheyhaveearnedenough.JasonHarleydecidedtodropoutofthiskindoflifestyle,andhediscoveredthat____19____(have)onlyalittlemoneymadehimfree.Arethereanythingshemissesfromhispast?“No,I’mmuch_____20_____(happy)nowbecauseIamlivingaccordingtomyvalues.Successisnotmeasuredbyhowmuchmoneyyouhavebutbyhowyouunderstandthetruemeaningoflife”【答案】11.wasdragging12.toshow13.found14.which##that15.hadjustseen16.minutes17.texting18.comfortably19.having20.happier【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章分别讲述了Graham在学校的表现、Tina发现老师倒在地上不省人事，于是把老师送到医院，许多人沉迷于网络社交而忽略身边人，以及JasonHarley放弃自己富足生活的个人经历。【11题详解】考查时态。句意：第一天，他拖着书包走进我的教室，一副无聊的样子，但当我用酸和洋葱布置了一个实验来展示人类胃是如何工作的时候，他就全神贯注地听我说了。结合语境可知，此处表示过去某个时刻动作正在进行，应用过去进行时，主语为he，谓语用单数。故填wasdragging。【12题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：第一天，他拖着书包走进我的教室，一副无聊的样子，但当我用酸和洋葱布置了一个实验来展示人类胃是如何工作的时候，他就全神贯注地听我说了。分析句子结构可知show在句中作目的状语应用不定式。故填toshow。【13题详解】考查时态。句意：但当她走进教室时，她发现她的老师倒在地板上，不省人事。空处为主句谓语动词，根据上文“Butwhensheenteredtheclassroom”可知，发生在过去用一般过去时。故填found。【14题详解】考查定语从句。句意：蒂娜很快注意到她的老师戴着一个手镯，上面写着她患有糖尿病。蒂娜打电话给急救中心，告诉他们她刚刚看到的情况。定语从句修饰先行词bracelet，代替先行词在从句作主语，应用关系代词which/that作引导词，故填which/that。【15题详解】考查时态。句意：蒂娜打电话给急救中心，告诉他们她刚刚看到的情况。空处为宾语从句的谓语动词，see发生在told之前，即“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时。故填hadjustseen。【16题详解】考查名词的数。句意：我最好的朋友离开了30分钟，因为他要去接一个电话。minute为可数名词，根据上文30可知应用复数形式。故填minutes。【17题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：一些人在晚餐时低头看手机，在网上给朋友发短信，却无视坐在他们面前的人。句中已有谓语动词spent，空处应填非谓语动词，分析句子结构text与逻辑主语Some构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。故填texting。【18题详解】考查副词。句意：大多数人认为当他们生活舒适，赚足够的钱时，他们就没有烦恼了。修饰动词live应用副词comfortably，故填comfortably。【19题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：杰森·哈利决定放弃这种生活方式，他发现只有一点点钱就能让他自由。作宾语从句的主语，陈述一般性情况，应用动名词形式。故填having。【20题详解】考查比较级。句意：不，我现在快乐多了，因为我按照自己的价值观生活。根据much以及句意“快乐多了”可知应用比较级happier作表语。故填happier。第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AExploreyourworld—MirthyOnlineeventstohelpyoudiscover,learnandconnectWhoisMirthy?Mirthyisoneofthemostpopularwebsitesforonlineeventsandalreadylovedandtrustedbymorethan45,000people.Itwasdesignedtocreateaninclusivecommunitywherepeoplecanlearn,share,andconnectwithothersthroughavarietyofeventsthatareactive,sociable,anduplifting.It’sallaboutfulfilmentandwellbeing.Therearesomeonlineeventseachmonthtotry,fromcraftworkshops(手工工坊)tofitnesssessions.Forexample,accordingtooureventcalendar,thisweekyoucanattendgardeningclassesandsinginglessons.Sowhetheryouhaveadesiretogetfitterortopickupanewskill—signingupforclassesandeventswithMirthycouldbejustwhatyouhavebeenlookingfor.Howdoesitwork?SignupviatheonlineregistrationformatM.Thenyoucantakealookthroughthecalendarofupcomingeventsandseewhattakesyourfancy.Onceyouregisterforanevent,youwillthenreceivealinkonemailreadyforyoutojointheliveevent.Ifyourplanschangeandyoucan’tmakeit,youwillreceivealinkfora7-dayreplaythatyoucanwatchatatimethatisconvenientforyou!Bestofall,it’scompletelyFREEtojoin!JoinMirthyforfreetoday,andyoucanenjoyany4eventseverymonth,forfree!Ifyou’reupformore,thenyoucaneitherselectandbookadditionaleventsonapay-as-you-gobasis,normallyfor£2.99each,oryoucanupgradetothePremiummembershipgivingyoufullfreeaccesstoalleventsforonly£4.99permonth.IfyouchoosetogoforthePremiummembership,there’snocontract.Yousimplyupgradeyourmembershipandyoucancancelanytime.21.Mirthyisintendedto_________.A.improvepeople’sfitness B.organizesociableeventsC.providecraftworkshops D.createanonlinecommunity22.WhatcanpeopledoatMirthythisweek?A.Makeartcrafts. B.Talkaboutfitnessexperience.C.Learnsongs. D.Studywildplantsandanimals.23.WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutMirthy?A.Peoplecansignupfortheeventsonline.BTheeventscanbewatchedagainatanytime.C.Peoplecanupgradetheirmembershipforfree.D.Nomorethan4eventsareofferedeachmonth.24.What’sthemainpurposeofthispassage?A.Tosharealifestyle.B.Torecommendawebsite.C.Tointroduceonlineevents.D.Toexplainaregistrationprocess.【答案】21.D22.C23.A24.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。Mirthy是最受欢迎的在线活动网站之一，已经受到45000多人的喜爱和信任。文章对这个网站进行了推广和宣传。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据WhoisMirthy?中“Mirthyisoneofthemostpopularwebsitesforonlineeventsandalreadylovedandtrustedbymorethan45,000people.Itwasdesignedtocreateaninclusivecommunitywherepeoplecanlearn,share,andconnectwithothersthroughavarietyofeventsthatareactive,sociable,anduplifting.(Mirthy是最受欢迎的在线活动网站之一，已经受到超过45,000人的喜爱和信任。它旨在创造一个包容性的社区，人们可以通过各种活跃、社交和令人振奋的活动来学习、分享和与他人联系。)”可知，Mirthy的目的是创建一个在线社区。故选D。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据WhoisMirthy?标题下第二段“Forexample，accordingtooureventcalendar，thisweekyoucanattendgardeningclassesandsinginglessons.(例如，根据我们的活动日历，本周你可以参加园艺课和歌唱课。)”可知，本周人们可以在Mirthy学习歌曲。故选C。【23题详解】细节理解题。根据Howdoesitwork?标题下第一段“SignupviatheonlineregistrationformatM.（通过M的在线注册表注册。）”可知，人们可以在线报名参加Mirthy的活动。故选A。【24题详解】目的意图题。根据标题Exploreyourworld—Mirthy（探索你的世界——Mirthy）和第一段“Mirthyisoneofthemostpopularwebsitesforonlineeventsandalreadylovedandtrustedbymorethan45，000people.（Mirthy是最受欢迎的在线活动网站之一，已经受到45000多人的喜爱和信任。）”可知，这篇文章的目的是推荐一个网站。故选B。BTheWellthatChangedtheWorldAsasix-year-oldCanadianschoolboy,RyanhadtroublebelievingthewordsspokenbyhisteacherthatmanypeopleindevelopingAfricancountriescouldn’tgetenoughcleanwater.Helookedacrosstheclassroomatthedrinkingfountain.Itwasveryclose—onlytenstepsaway.So,Ryanaskedhimself,“WhydosomeAfricanchildrenhavetowalktenkilometerstogetwatereveryday?Andwhyisthewatersodirtythatitmakesthemsick?”YoungRyanthought,“Lifeiseasyforme,buthardforthosepeople.Whydon’tIhelp?”Atfirst,hisplanwastoearnmoneytobuildasinglewellsomewhereinAfrica.Hecleanedwindowsanddidgardeningforhisfamilyandneighbors.Hesoonreachedhisfirsttarget(目标)of$70,butwhenhegavethemoneytoacharity,hewastoldthatitactuallycost$2,000tobuildawell.Twothousanddollarswasalotofmoney,butRyandidn’tgiveup.Hestartedtoaskforhelpfromhisclassmatesandneighborsandpersuadedthemtodonatemoney.Atthesametime,afriendofRyan’smotherhelpedmakehisstorygopublic.Afterseveralmonths,Ryanhadraisedthe$2,000,withwhichawellwasbuiltnearaprimaryschoolinUganda.Thechildrenattheschoolnolongerneededtowalkforhourstogetwater.Theyweregratefultohimandinvitedhimtovisit.InUganda,Ryanatlastsawthefinishedwellwithhisowneyes.Butthatwasnotall.Healsosawhundredsofdelightedstudentswhohadturnedouttowelcomehim.Theysanganddancedhappily.Someevenofferedhimfoodandgifts.AtfirstRyanwasnervous,butsoongreatwarmthfilledhim.Hereallyhadmadeadifferenceforthesechildren.Hebrokeintoajoyfulsmile.Later,Ryan’sexperienceledhimtosetupafoundation(基金会)toencouragemorepeopletohelp.Manyinspiredpeoplegavehimtheirsupport.Ryan’sfoundationcontinuestoattractsupportfrommoreandmorepeople,sotheworkofbuildingmorewellscangoon.Today,over800,000peoplein16countriesacrossAfricahavebenefitedfromthelife-changinggiftofclean,safewater.25.ThefollowingstatementsmakeRyandecidetohelpstudentsindevelopingAfricancountries,EXCEPT_________.A.Ryanhastroublesunderstandingthewordsspokenbyteachers.B.Manystudentsaresufferingfromsicknesscausedbydirtywater.C.Ryanthoughtlifeshouldn’tbesohardforthemwhilehisiseasy.D.Manystudentshavetowalkalongwaytogetcleanandsafewater.26.HowdidRyanraisemoneytobuildawellafterfinishinghisfirsttarget?A.Byaskinghisteacherandfriends’parentsforhelp.B.Bypersuadingpeoplearoundhimtodonatemoney.C.Bysettingupapublicfoundationtoattractsupport.D.Bydoingsomeworkforhisfamilyandneighbors.27.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeRyan?A.Kind-heartedanddetermined. B.Humorousandambitious.C.Braveandgenerous. D.Gratefulandhardworking.【答案】25.A26.B27.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了一个六岁的加拿大男孩瑞安如何通过自己的努力和坚持，帮助非洲的孩子们获得干净的饮用水的故事。【25题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段的“Asasix-year-oldCanadianschoolboy,RyanhadtroublebelievingthewordsspokenbyhisteacherthatmanypeopleindevelopingAfricancountriescouldn’tgetenoughcleanwater.Helookedacrosstheclassroomatthedrinkingfountain.Itwasveryclose—onlytenstepsaway.So,Ryanaskedhimself,“WhydosomeAfricanchildrenhavetowalktenkilometerstogetwatereveryday?Andwhyisthewatersodirtythatitmakesthemsick?”YoungRyanthought,“Lifeiseasyforme,buthardforthosepeople.Whydon’tIhelp?”(作为一个六岁的加拿大小学生，瑞安很难相信他的老师说的话：在欠发达的非洲国家，许多人都喝不到足够的干净的水。他的目光掠过教室，望向对面喷泉式的饮水机。它非常近——只有十步之遥。所以，瑞安问自己：“为什么一些非洲的孩子每天要步行十公里去取水？为什么水会那么脏，以至于他们喝了会生病？”小瑞安想：“生活对我来说很容易，但对那些人来说很难。我为什么不帮忙？”)”可知，瑞安想要帮助非洲国家的孩子是因为很多非洲的孩子因为喝了不干净的水而生病，他们要走很远的路才能喝到干净的水以及他认为他们的生活不应该那么艰难，而他的生活却很轻松；选项A.Ryanhastroublesunderstandingthewordsspokenbyteachers.(瑞安不能理解老师说的话)，瑞安不是不能理解老师说的话，而是听到老师说很多非洲孩子喝不到足够的饮用水而感到惊讶，难以置信，所以A选项不正确，不是瑞安想要帮助非洲国家孩子的原因；选项B.Manystudentsaresufferingfromsicknesscausedbydirtywater.(很多学生因为喝了不干净的水而生病)，所以B选项正确，是瑞安想要帮助非洲国家孩子的原因；选项C.Ryanthoughtlifeshouldn’tbesohardforthemwhilehisiseasy.(瑞安认为他们的生活不应该那么艰难，而他的生活却很轻松)，所以C选项正确，是瑞安想要帮助非洲国家孩子的原因；选项D.Manystudentshavetowalkalongwaytogetcleanandsafewater.(很多学生不得不步行很远才能得到干净和安全的饮用水)，所以D选项正确，是瑞安想要帮助非洲国家孩子的原因。综上所述，选项A不是瑞安想要帮助非洲国家孩子的原因。故选A。【26题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Twothousanddollarswasalotofmoney,butRyandidn’tgiveup.Hestartedtoaskforhelpfromhisclassmatesandneighborsandpersuadedthemtodonatemoney.(两千美元是很大一笔钱，但是瑞安没有放弃。他开始向同学和邻居寻求帮助，并说服他们捐款)”可知，瑞安是通过说服周围人捐款来建造水井。故选B。【27题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“YoungRyanthought,“Lifeiseasyforme,buthardforthosepeople.Whydon’tIhelp?”(小瑞安想：“生活对我来说很容易，但对那些人来说很难。我为什么不帮忙？”)”以及第三段“Twothousanddollarswasalotofmoney,butRyandidn’tgiveup.Hestartedtoaskforhelpfromhisclassmatesandneighborsandpersuadedthemtodonatemoney.(两千美元是很大一笔钱，但是瑞安没有放弃。他开始向同学和邻居寻求帮助，并说服他们捐款)”可知，瑞安是一个心地善良且意志坚定的人。故选A。CChinesescientistsrecentlyachievedprecisetotalsynthesis(合成)ofsugarfromcarbondioxideinthelaboratory,markingacrucialstepinartificialsugarsynthesis.Thesynthesis,whichtookmorethantwoyearstorealize,wasachievedbyteamsfromtheChineseAcademyofSciences’TianjinInstituteofIndustrialBiotechnologyandtheacademy’sDalianInstituteofChemicalPhysics.TheirresearchwaspublishedlastweekinapaperinChineseScienceBulletin,amultidisciplinaryacademicjournal.Sugarisamajorsourceofenergyforthehumanbodyandakeyrawmaterialforindustrialproduction,anditismainlyobtainedbyextractingitfromcropssuchassugarcane.However,thetraditionalmethodofextractionislimitedbytheenergyconversionefficiencyofplantphotosynthesis.Moreover,theprocessofextractingsugarhasbeenaffectedbyuncertainrawmaterialsuppliesduetolanddegradationandshortages,ecosystemdegradationandextremeweatherandnaturaldisasterscausedbyglobalwarming.Asaresult,artificialsugarsynthesishasbeencontinuallystudiedbythescientificcommunityinrecentyears,andscientistsaroundtheworldhavecontributedtotheeffort.Intheirlatestresearch,theChinesescientistsadjustedhigh-concentrationcarbondioxideandotherrawmaterialsinthereactionsolution.Withthehelpofchemicalcatalystsandenzyme(酶)catalysts,theyobtainedfourkindsofsugars:glucose,allulose,tagatoseandmannose.Theexperimentlastedabout17hours,muchshorterthanthetimerequiredfortraditionalmethodsofsugarextraction,accordingtoYangJiangang,leadauthorofthepaperandassociateresearcherattheTianjininstitute.Theefficiencyofsugarsynthesisinthisstudywas0.67gramsperliterperhour,whichwasmorethan10timeshigherthanthepreviousresultsachievedbyscientistsworldwide.Yangsaidthatthecarbondioxidetosugarconversionrateofglucosereached59.8nanomolesofcarbonpermilligramofcatalystperminute.Thisisthehighestlevelofartificialsugarproductionknowndomesticallyandinternationally.Thestudyalsoachievedprecisecontrolofartificialsugarsynthesis.“Bycontrollingthevariedcatalyticeffectsofdifferentenzymes,theoreticallyalmostanytypeofsugarcanbesynthesized,”Yangsaid.Regardingthestudy,ManfredReetz,amemberoftheGermanNationalAcademyofSciencesLeopoldina,saiditisaparticularlychallengingtasktoconvertcarbondioxideintosugars.TheachievementbyChinesescientistshasprovidedaflexible,multifunctionalandefficientsugarsynthesisroute,whichopensadoorforgreenchemistry,Reetzsaid.Greenchemistry,similartosustainablechemistry,isarapidlydevelopingfieldthatfocusesonhowtofullyutilizerawmaterialsandenergyintheprocessofproducingtheintendedproductwhileminimizingoreliminatingtheuseandgenerationofharmfulsubstances.Carbondioxidetosugarconversionisseenasanexampleofgreenchemistry,sinceitwasconductedundernormaltemperatureandpressureconditionsanddidnotyieldanyharmfulsubstances.28.Whydoscientistskeepstudyingartificialsugarsynthesis?A.Becausesugarisanessentialenergysourceforindustrialproduction.B.Becausethetraditionalextractionapproachisnotenvironmentallyfriendly.C.Becauserawmaterialsupplyisunreliableintheprocessoftraditionalsugarextraction.D.Becausethetraditionalextractionapproachislessproductivethanplantphotosynthesis.29.HowistheChinesestudysignificant?A.Itsynthesizedalmostalltypesofsugarinthelaboratory.B.Itcontrolledvariedcatalyticeffectsofdifferentenzymes.C.Itconvertedhigh-concentrationcarbondioxideintosugar.D.Itlasted17hours,shorterthanprevioustraditionalmethods.30.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.Greenchemistryhelpeduseupallrawmaterialstogeneratemoreproducts.B.Carbondioxidetosugarconversionwillbeusedinindustrialproductionsoon.C.GreenchemistryisanewfieldwhereChinesescientistswillputmoreeffortson.D.Carbondioxidetosugarconversionwilltakeupallsugarproductionduetoitsefficiency.【答案】28.C29.C30.C【解析】【导语】本文为一篇说明文，文章讲述了中国科学家最近在实验室中实现了用二氧化碳精确合成糖，标志着人工糖合成迈出了关键一步。【28题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Moreover,theprocessofextractingsugarhasbeenaffectedbyuncertainrawmaterialsuppliesduetolanddegradationandshortages,ecosystemdegradationandextremeweatherandnaturaldisasterscausedbyglobalwarming.(此外，由于土地退化和短缺、生态系统退化以及全球变暖导致的极端天气和自然灾害，原料供应不确定，影响了提取糖的过程)”及文章第四段“Asaresult,artificialsugarsynthesishasbeencontinuallystudiedbythescientificcommunityinrecentyears,andscientistsaroundtheworldhavecontributedtotheeffort.(因此，近年来，人工糖的合成一直受到科学界的不断研究，世界各地的科学家都为这一努力做出了贡献)”可知，传统的糖提取过程中原料供应不可靠，所以科学家一直研究人工糖合成。故选C项。【29题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第六段“Theefficiencyofsugarsynthesisinthisstudywas0.67gramsperliterperhour,whichwasmorethan10timeshigherthanthepreviousresultsachievedbyscientistsworldwide.Yangsaidthatthecarbondioxidetosugarconversionrateofglucosereached59.8nanomolesofcarbonpermilligramofcatalystperminute.Thisisthehighestlevelofartificialsugarproductionknowndomesticallyandinternationally.(在这项研究中，糖的合成效率为每小时0.67克每升，比全球科学家之前取得的成果高出10倍以上。杨教授说，二氧化碳转化为糖的葡萄糖转化率达到每毫克催化剂每分钟59.8纳摩尔的碳。这是国内和国际上已知的人造糖产量的最高水平)”可知，二氧化碳转化为糖的葡萄糖转化率浓度高，糖的合成效率为每小时0.67克每升，比全球科学家之前取得的成果高出10倍以上，所以中国科学家的研究意义重大，是因为它将高浓度的二氧化碳转化为糖。故选C项。【30题详解】推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“TheachievementbyChinesescientistshasprovidedaflexible,multifunctionalandefficientsugarsynthesisroute,whichopensadoorforgreenchemistry,Reetzsaid.Greenchemistry,similartosustainablechemistry,isarapidlydevelopingfield(Reetz说，中国科学家的这一成就提供了一种灵活、多功能和高效的糖合成途径，为绿色化学打开了一扇门。绿色化学，类似于可持续化学，是一个快速发展的领域)”及最后一段“Carbondioxidetosugarconversionisseenasanexampleofgreenchemistry,sinceitwasconductedundernormaltemperatureandpressureconditionsanddidnotyieldanyharmfulsubstances.(二氧化碳到糖的转化被视为绿色化学的一个例子，因为它是在常温常压条件下进行的，不产生任何有害物质)”可知，二氧化碳精确合成糖为绿色化学打开了一扇门，它是一个快速发展的领域，可得出绿色化学是中国科学家将投入更多努力的一个新领域。故选C项。DTeenswhohavegood,supportiverelationshipswiththeirteachersenjoybetterhealthasadults,accordingtoaresearch.“Thisresearchsuggeststhatimprovingstudents’relationshipswithteacherscouldhaveimportant,positiveandlong-lastingeffectsbeyondjustacademicsuccess,”saidJinhoKim,theauthorofthestudy.“Itcouldalsobringaboutimportanthealthbenefitsinthelongrun.”Previousresearchhassuggestedthatteens’socialrelationshipsmightbelinkedtohealthoutcomesinadulthood—perhapsbecausepoorrelationshipscanleadtochronicstresswhichcanraiseaperson’sriskofhealthproblemsoverthelifespan,accordingtoKim.However,itisnotclearwhetherthelinkbetweenteenrelationshipsandlifetimehealthiscertainlycauseandeffect—itcouldbethatotherfactors,suchasdifferentfamilybackgrounds,mightcontributetobothrelationshipproblemsinadolescenceandpoorhealthinadulthood.Also,mostresearchhasfocusedonteensrelationshipswiththeirpeers,ratherthanontheirrelationshipswithteachers.Toexplorethosequestionsfurther,Kimanalyzeddataonnearly20,000participantsfromtheAddHealthstudy,anationalstudythatfollowedparticipantsfor13years,fromseventhgradeintoearlyadulthood.Theparticipantsincludedmorethan3,400pairsofbrothersandsisters.Asteens,participantsansweredquestions,like“Howoftenhaveyouhadtroublegettingalongwithotherstudents?”“Howmuchdoyouagreethatfriendscareaboutyou?”“Howoftenhaveyouhadtroublegettingalongwithyourteachers?”and“Howmuchdoyouagreethatteacherscareaboutyou?”Asadults,participantswereaskedabouttheirphysicalandmentalhealth.Researchersalsotookmeasuresofphysicalhealth,suchasbloodpressureandBMI(体质指数).Kimfoundthat,asexpected,participantswhohadreportedbetterrelationshipswithboththeirpeersandteachersinmiddleschoolandhighschoolalsoreportedbetterphysicalandmentalhealthintheirmid-20s.However,whenhecontrolledforfamilybackgroundbylookingatpairsofbrothersandsisters,onlythelinkbetweengoodteacherrelationshipsandadulthealthremainedsignificant.Theresultssuggestthatteacherrelationshipsareevenmoreimportantthanpreviouslyrealizedandthatschoolsshouldinvestintrainingteachersonhowtobuildwarmandsupportiverelationshipswiththeirstudents,accordingtoKim.31.Accordingtoparagraph3,wecanknowthat________.A.teenrelationshipswithteacherswerenotstudiedbefore.B.familybackgroundisthemainfactorinimprovingmentalhealth.C.teenrelationshipisnottheonlyfactorthataffectsthelifetimehealth.D.relationshipproblemsinadolescencecancausepoorhealthinadulthood.32.Whatisparagraph4mainlyabout?A.Howtheresearchwasdone B.WhatquestionswereexploredC.Howphysicalhealthwasmeasured D.Whatkindofparticipantswerestudied33.AccordingtoKim’sfindings,wecaninferthat________.A.Goodadulthealthdependsonteens’goodteachers.B.Moreattentionshouldbepaidtothestudentsrelationshipswithteachers.C.Theimportanceofstudent-teacherrelationshipswasfullyrealizedbefore.D.Participantsreportedbetterrelationshipswiththeirteachersandbetterhealthasadults.34.Wheredoesthistextprobablycomefrom?A.A.familysurvey B.AmedicalreportC.Atermpaper D.Ahealthmagazine【答案】31.C32.A33.B34.D【解析】【导语】本文是说明文。文章介绍研究表明与老师关系良好，有益于青少年成年时的健康状况。【31题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Previousresearchhassuggestedthatteens’socialrelationshipsmightbelinkedtohealthoutcomesinadulthood—perhapsbecausepoorrelationshipscanleadtochronicstresswhichcanraiseaperson’sriskofhealthproblemsoverthelifespan,accordingtoKim.However,itisnotclearwhetherthelinkbetweenteenrelationshipsandlifetimehealthiscertainlycauseandeffect—itcouldbethatotherfactors,suchasdifferentfamilybackgrounds,mightcontributetobothrelationshipprob