大学英语六级考试 2022 年 9 月真题(第一套)

ension(30minutes)大学英语六级考试2022年9月真题(第一套)PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessaythatbeginswiththesentence“Itisnowwidelyacceptedthatmutualtrustandopennessisthekeytopromotingcooperation.”Youcanmakecomments,citeexamplesoruseyourpersonalexperiencestodevelopyouressay.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions1to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.1.A)Itenablespeopletoearnmoremoney.C)Ithelpspeoplewithbudgeting.B)Itteachestheimportanceoffinancing.D)Itintroducesanovelwaytoinvest.2.A)ManyAmericansarenotsatisfiedwiththeirincome.B)ManyAmericanshavenoideaabouthowtoinvest.C)MostAmericansdonotknowhowtosavemoney.D)MostAmericansdonotsticktoabudget.3.A)Keeptrackofhismoney.C)Findmoresourcesofincome.B)Livewithinhismeans.D)Refrainfrombuyingluxuries.4.A)Itoffersagreatervarietyofitems.C)Itchangesone’swayofliving.B)Ithelpsavoidunnecessaryspending.D)Itsavesone’stimeforshopping.Questions5to8arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.5.A)Itisbrand-new.C)Itbelongstohermother.B)Ithasplentyofrooms.D)Ithasbeenvacantformonths.6.A)Space.C)Appliances.B)Tranquility.D)Location.7.A)Talktohiswifeaboutthecontractterms.C)Checkthereferencesoftheflatowner.B)Paythefirstmonth’srentandadeposit.D)Consulthissolicitoronemoretime.8.A)Shecanhaveawonderfulviewofthepond.C)Shecanmakefriendswithnewneighbours.B)Shewillbemuchclosertoherworkplace.D)Shewillhaveplentyofspaceforhershoes.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwopassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmust编者注：2022年9月六级考试共考了一套听力、一套阅读、三篇写作和三篇翻译，请读者知悉。2choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions9to11arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.9.A)Themorecommercialstheysee,themorebrandstheygettoknow.B)Themorecommercialstheysee,themoretheyadorecelebrities.C)Themoretelevisiontheywatch,thefewerconflictsinthefamily.D)Themoretelevisiontheywatch,thegreatertheirparents’stress.10.A)Informchildrenofthefamily’sfinancialsituation.C)Involvechildreninmakingpurchasingdecisions.B)Shiftchildren’sattentiontointerestingactivities.D)Helpchildrenunderstandadvertising’sintent.11.A)Theirlimitedcognitiveability.C)Theiradmirationforcelebrities.B)Theirstrongnaturalcuriosity.D)Theirlackofsocialexperience.Questions12to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.12.A)Badguysmaydogooddeeds.C)Goodguysmaynotalwayscooperate.B)Badguysmaygounpunished.D)Goodguysmaygetunfairtreatment.13.A)Bywhatwedo.C)Incomparisonwithothers.B)Byfairevaluation.D)Inaccordancewithsetstandards.14.A)Learnfromthemearnestly.C)Leavethemalonetemporarily.B)Competewiththemactively.D)Cooperatewiththemsincerely.15.A)Beingdismissedashypocritical.C)Havingtomaketoomanysacrifices.B)Notgettingtherewardtheydeserve.D)Beingmisunderstoodbypeoplearound.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreerecordingsoflecturesortalksfollowedbythreeorfourquestions.Therecordingswillbeplayedonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions16to18arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.16.A)Theyareincreasinglyawareofgenderdifferences.C)Theybegintoseetheimportanceoffriendship.B)Theyengagethemselvesinpositiverecollection.D)Theymakefriendswithpeersofthesamesex.17.A)Competingforposition.C)Forgingclosetieswithfriends.B)Pursuingfashion.D)Fulfillingfamilyobligations.18.A)Theyprioritizeromanceoverfriendship.C)Theybegintotakefriendshipmoreseriously.B)Theytrytostrengthensame-sexfriendships.D)Theycompeteintenselyforromanticpartners.Questions19to21arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.19.A)Theyregarditasamatterofsheerprivacy.B)Theyareworriedaboutbeingturneddown.C)Theyfearthattheirconditionwillbemadewidelyknown.D)Theyareafraidtobediscriminatedagainstoncerecruited.20.A)Afterreceivingajoboffer.C)Whenconfirminganinterview.B)Duringajobinterview.D)Uponcompletingacoverletter.·2022年9月六级真题(第一套)·ension21.A)Describethetruestateoftheirhealth.C)StresstheirrelevanceoftheirdisabilityensionB)Providealltheinformationrequired.D)Avoidmentioningthenameoftheirdisability.Questions22to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.22.A)Theirscoreswereleastaffectedbymusicwithspeech.B)Itwasthepoorestwhentherewasbackgroundspeech.C)Theirscoresweremostdepressedwithinstrumentalmusic.D)Itwasdisruptedbythesoundofanairconditionerorfan.23.A)Ithastodowiththetypeandvolumeofthebackgroundnoise.B)Ithastodowithshort-termmemoryforlisteningcomprehension.C)Itdependsontheoverlapinprocessingdifferentkindsofinformation.D)Itdependsontheparticipants’abilitytoconcentrateonthetaskathand.24.A)Keepeverythingasquietaspossible.C)Usevocalmaterialaslittleaspossible.B)Playnothingbutinstrumentalmusic.D)Wearapairofearphonesorheadphones.25.A)Sociablepeoplewereimmunetoalldistractions.B)Shyquietpeopleweremostadverselyimpacted.C)Lessoutgoingpeopleweremoreaffectedbysilence.D)Confidentpeoplewereunaffectedbyhigh-arousalmusic.SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Thenowextinctpassengerpigeonhasthedubioushonorofbeingthelastspeciesanyoneeverexpectedtodisappear.Atonepoint,thereweremorepassengerpigeonsthananyotherspeciesofbird.Rough26oftheirpopulationwentashighasfivebillionandtheyaccountedforaround40percentofthetotalindigenousbirdpopulationofNorthAmericaintheearly19thcentury.Despitetheirhugepopulation,passengerpigeonswere27tohumanintrusionintotheirnestingterritory.Theirnestswereshabbythingsandtwoweeksaftertheeggs28,theparentpigeonswouldabandontheiroffspring,leavingthemtotakecareofthemselves.Peoplediscoveredthatthesebabypigeonswerereallytasty,andtheadultbirdswerealsoquite29.FirsttheNativeAmericansandthenthetransplantedEuropeanscametoconsiderthebirdsagreat30.Bythe1850s,commercialtrappingofpassengerpigeonswasproceedingatan31pace.Hundredsofthousandsofthebirdswerebeingharvestedeverydaytobemadeintopopularpigeonpies.Inaddition,large32ofthepigeons’nestingterritorywerebeingclearedawayforplantingcropsandcreatingpastureland.Asnumerousasthepassengerpigeonswere,theywerenotan33resource.Bythe1880s,itwasnoticedthatthebirdpopulationhadbecomeseriously34.Thelastpassengerpigeonskilledinthewildwereshotin4Eventuallythosebillionsandbillionsofbirdsshranktoasingleremaining35,apassengerpigeonnamedMartha,whodiedonSeptember1,1914,incaptivityattheCincinnatiZoo.Inadditiontobeingtheendofanera,itwasalsothefirsttimehumanswereabletoexactlytimetheextinctionofaspecies.A)vulnerableB)unprecedentedC)tractsD)specimenE)robustF)refugeG)plazasH)infiniteI)hatchedJ)expiredK)excerptsL)estimatesM)edibleN)depletedO)delicacySectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.Iscomputercodingaforeignlanguage?A)Ascomputercodinghasbecomeanincreasinglysought-afterskill,moreK-12schoolsareworkingitintotheircurriculums.Somestateshaveconsideredallowingstudentstoforgo(放弃)foreignlanguageforcodingclasses,despiteoppositionfromeducators.B)There’sadebateoverwhetherit’sappropriatetoteachcodinginelementaryschools,withfierceopinionsoneachside.Whenitcomestoallowingcodingtofillforeignlanguagerequirements,though,mosteducatorsagree:Codingshouldbeaddedtocurriculums,butnotattheexpenseofforeignlanguageclasses.C)Theideaisthatcomputerprogrammingisalanguage,allowingpeopletocommunicatewithmachinesandprograms.It’sthelanguageofthe21stcenturyandmorevaluablethananaturallanguage,someadvocatesargue.Thecomputersciencefieldisgrowingfasterthanschoolscankeepupbecauseofbudgetconstraintsandalackofskillstrainingforteachers.D)Accordingtothe2016U.S.News/RaytheonSTEMIndex,computersciencejobshavehelpedboostwagesintheU.S.,andcomputer-relatedjobsholdthetopsevenpositionsinSTEMfieldsforhighestnumberofworkers.Foreignlanguageinterest,ontheotherhand,isdecliningforthefirsttimesince1995.Thenumberofhighereducationlanguageenrollmentsdeclinedbetween2009and2013bymorethan111,000spots,accordingtotheModernLanguageAssociationofAmerica.E)“Ithinktheopportunitytogivepeopleachoiceisimportant,”saysFloridastateSenatorJeremyRing,whointroducedabilllastyearthatwouldallowFloridastudentstochoosebetweenforeignlanguageandcodingclassesforthepurposeofuniversityadmissionsrequirements.“Ithinkifyou’regoingtogivetwoyearsoflanguageinhighschool,youmightaswelldocomputercoding.”F)TheFloridabilldiedthisyearafterpassing35:5inthestateSenatewhenthefullLegislaturefailedtotakeaction.Itwouldhavebeenthefirststatetotrythisinitiative.Ringsaysthatalthoughhewillbeoutofoffice,anidenticalbillwillbereintroducedwithinthenextyearbyothersonhisbehalf.“InthespeechIgaveonthe·2022年9月六级真题(第一套)·Senatefloor,Isaid,‘Wecanbethefirststatetodothis,orwecanbethe50thstatetodoit.It’sourchoice.It’sgoingtohappen,’”Ringsays.G)AKentuckybillsimilartotheoneinFloridawasmetwithcomplaintsfromeducators,andwasthenamendedtopromotecomputerscienceeducationinitiativeswithnomentionofforeignlanguagerequirements.Instead,thestatewillprovidesupportforhigherqualitycertifiedteachersforprogrammingclasses.UndertheWashingtonbill,publicuniversitieswouldaccepttwoyearsofcomputerscienceclassesinplaceoftwoyearsofforeignlanguageforadmissionpurposes.AreportdetailingtheopinionsofstateuniversityofficialsisduetotheLegislaturebyNovember2017.H)Texaspassedabillin2013thatallowsstudentstosubstitutecomputercodingonlyaftertheyhaveattemptedandperformedpoorlyinaforeignlanguageclass.SriniMandyam,CTOandco-founderofkid-friendlyinstructionalcodingcompanyTynker,believesallowingstudentstoforgoforeignlanguagebecausetheystrugglewithitisunproductivebecauseeverysubject,whetherart,mathorlanguage,isasignificantcontributiontoawell-roundedexistence.“Manystudentsdon’tfarewellwithalgebrabutweneverdiscusseliminatingitor…saychemistryisnowcountedasanalgebraclass,”hesaidviaemail.“Weteachalgebrabecauseit’simportantandweshouldteachforeignlanguageandcodingforthesamereason.Exposuretoawidebreadthofsubjectsandmaterialresultsinwell-roundedstudentswhoareabletomakeinformeddecisions…aboutwhattheywanttopursue.”I)Computersciencecoursesalreadyfulfillamathorsciencehighschoolgraduationrequirementin28statesandtheDistrictofColumbia,upfromonly12statesin2013.Andwhileadvocatesofthebillssaytheyshouldcountasforeignlanguageinstead,opponentsstresstheimportanceofbalancingcomputerandforeignlanguageskills.J)Studiesshowthatbilingualism(双语)correlateswithcognitivedevelopment,intelligence,memoryandproblemsolvingabilities,accordingtotheAmericanCouncilontheTeachingofForeignLanguages.A2007studyshowedthatforeignlanguagestudentsoutperformedtheirnon-foreignlanguagepeersonstandardizedtestsafteronlytwotothreeyearsofstudy.Andwhilea2014reportfromGermanandAmericanuniversitiessuggeststhatprogrammersareusinglanguage(butnotmathematical)regionsofthebrainwhenunderstandingcode,criticsremainwary.Theysaythatregardlessofcognitivefunctions,beingmonolingualisadisadvantageintheincreasinglyinternationaleconomy,evenifEnglishhasbecomethedefacto(事实上的)languageofbusiness.K)“Ourworldisshrinkingbutitsproblemsarereallygrowing,”saysACTFLNationalLanguageTeacheroftheYearTedZarrow,whoteacheshighschoolLatininWestwood,Massachusetts,andhasalsostudiedSpanish,French,German,ItalianandGreek.“Weneedtofindawaytoputourselvesattheglobaltableandtotreateachotherwithmutualrespect.Andlearninglanguagesallowsustodothatbecauselanguageisnotpartofculture,languageisculture.”L)Evenwiththebenefitsandskillsetslanguagesprovide,recruitersandemployersvaluecomputerskillsmore.AccordingtotheNationalAssociationofCollegesandEmployers’2016report,studyabroadandforeignlanguagefluencywerenotveryinfluentialintheemployeehiringprocesses,but55percentofemployerslookedforcomputerskillsonapplicants’resumes.However,although2016computersciencegraduatescanexpecttomakethesecondhigheststartingsalarycomparedwithotherjobsthisyear,theBureauofLaborpredictsthedemandforcomputerprogrammerswilldecrease8percentorby26,500jobsby2024.M)Ringsaysforeignlanguageskillsareimportant,butexpressesdoubtthatschooldistrictscouldworkbothcodingandlanguageintotheircurriculuminasignificantwaybecausetheylackthetimeintheschoolday.·6“Nothingagainstlanguage,”hesays.“Ijustthinkit’ssomethingyouhavetostartearlyandnotjusthavesomethingthatyoudoforacoupleyearsinhighschool,”hesays.N)Zarrowagreesthatforeignlanguageeducationshouldbeginearlier,butsaysitispossibletoworkbothcomputerprogrammingandforeignlanguagelearningintoschoolsevenly.Hesuggestsanimmersive,duallanguageprogramwherestudentsspendhalfthedayinEnglishandhalfthedayinanotherlanguage,asseveralschoolsaroundthecountryhavesuccessfullyimplemented.“Thestudyoflanguagefostersarespectfordiversity,arespectforethnicityandreallyarespectforlanguage,”Zarrowsays.O)Thoughthebenefitsofcomputerprogrammingskillsarevast,foreignlanguageandcodingexpertsagreethatcomputerscienceshouldbenegotiatedintocurriculumsratherthanreplacingforeignlanguageoutright.Mandyamsaysthetwoskillsetsareessentialbutunrelated.“Codingisanincrediblyimportant21stcenturyskillforourkidstolearn,andthat’swhywespendsomuchtimetryingtoteachit,”Mandyamsaysviaemail.“ButIbelieveitisthesameasorevenreallycomparabletolearningaforeignlanguage.Itwouldbeashametolosesomethingsoimportantforthesakeofaddingsomethingelse,evensomethingasimportantascoding.Clearly,educationleadersmustfigureoutawaytoteachboth.”36.Employersattachmoreimportancetoapplicants’computerskillsthantheirlanguagecompetence.37.OneU.S.statesenatorproposedthathighschoolstudentsbeallowedtostudyeitherforeignlanguageorcomputercoding.38.Learninglanguagesbroadensstudents’internationalperspectiveandnurturesmutualrespectamongpeoples,accordingtoahighschoollanguageteacher.39.OneU.S.statewillseetoitthatprogrammingclassesaretaughtbyqualityteachers.40.Statisticsshowwhilecomputer-relatedjobshavebeenontherise,foreignlanguageshavebecomelessappealingtoAmericanstudentssincemid-1990s.41.Allschoolsubjectsaresaidtobeessentialtostudents’well-roundeddevelopment.42.Thereisconsensusamongmosteducatorsthatcodingshouldbetaughtinschoolsbutshouldnotreplaceforeignlanguage.43.Onestudyshowedthatforeignlanguagelearningimprovedstudents’academicperformance.44.Beingshortoffundingandqualifiedteachers,schoolslagbehindthefastdevelopingcomputersciencefield.45.Adistinguishedhighschoollanguageteacheralsobelievesitisadvisabletostartlearningaforeignlanguageatanearlierage.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.TheU.S.andChinadon’tagreeonmuchthesedays.GermanyandFranceshareaborderandacurrencybutarefrequentlyatodds.TheU.K.andIndialiketomarchtotheirowndrum.Butthere’soneissueonwhichallthesecountriesseeeyetoeye:Technologycompaniesaretoobig,toopowerful,andtooprofitable.Andthat·2022年9月六级真题(第一套)·powerisonlylikelytointensify,leavinggovernmentswithnochoicebuttoconfrontithead-onbytakingthecompaniestocourt,passingnewcompetitionlaws,andperhapsevenbreakingupthetechgiants.Chinaisthelatesttoimplementananti-trustcrackdown,unveilinganti-monopolyruleslastmonth.Thedraftrulesfollowedthesurprisesuspensionofa$37billionstockofferingbybillionaireJackMa’sAntGroupCo.,makingclearthatnocompanycanevadethegovernment’sregulation.ThemovesinChinacoincidewithacceleratingeffortsintheU.S.andEuropetoreininA,Apple,Facebook,andGoogle.“Thebiggetbiggerandbiggerbutwithoutbeingbetter,”saysAndreasSchwab,aGermanmemberoftheEuropeanParliamentwhochampioneda2014resolutiontobreakupGoogle.“Growingeconomicpower,growinginfluenceonlocalmarketsallovertheworld,andagrowingconcernofcompetitorsandconsumersaltogetherhavemadeithappennow.”Inthisnewanti-trustera,theoldfocusonpricingpowernolongerapplies,becauseseveralofthebiggesttechcompanieshaveestablishedtrillion-dollarmonopoliesbychargingconsumersnexttonothing.Techgiantsareincreasinglyassumingpowerfulpositionsinbanking,finance,advertising,retail,andothermarketsthatforcesmallerbusinessestorelyontheirplatformstoreachcustomers.Foryears,Europealoneconfrontedthepowerofdigitalgiants.GovernmentswerealarmedthatEuropeancompanieswerefailingtomatchSiliconValley’sinnovationsortostopGoogleandFacebookfromvacuuminguppersonaldataand,withthat,advertisingrevenue.LedbyMargretheVestager,theEuropeanUnion’scompetitionchief,countrieshavesoughttopolicethemarketandencouragefairplay.InChinathecrackdownhasbeendrivenatleastpartlybyfearthatthehomegrowntechindustryisbecomingtoopowerful.ThecountryhaslongchampionedAlibabaandTencent,buttheirmassiveaccumulationofdataontheChinesecitizenryisagrowingconcernforBeijing.IntheU.S.,anewbreedofanti-trustexpertsarguesthatconsiderationshouldbegiventoprivacy,controloverdata,workers’rights,andtheoverallimpactonsmallercompanies.Andthepublicingeneralhavegrownincreasinglyskepticalofsocialmediacompanies.Morethan60%saythesectorhasanegativeeffectonthecountry,andalmosthalfwantmoreregulationforsocialmedia,accordingtoa2020PewResearchCenterstudy.46.Whatdoestheauthorsayistheissueallmajoreconomicpowershavetoaddress?A)Howtoensurethesustainablegrowthoftheirtechgiants.B)Howtokeepthecompetitivenessoftheirtechcompanies.C)Howtobreakupthepowerfulgianttechcompanies.D)Howtostoptechcompaniesfromgainingmonopoly.47.WhatdoesthesuspensionofAntGroupCo.’sstockofferingsuggest?A)Allattemptstoevaderegulationaredoomedtofailure.B)Allattemptstomonopolizesalesmustbecrackeddown.C)Allcompaniesmustberegulatedbythegovernment.D)Allcompanies,domesticorforeign,arecreatedequal.48.Howaresmallercompaniesimpactedbytechgiants’businessexpansion?A)Theycannolongerdobusinessindependentoftechgiants.B)Theyarefrequentlydeniedaccesstotechgiants’platforms.C)Theyhavetochangemarketingstrategiestokeepcustomers.D)Theynolongerhavethepowertopricetheirownproducts.级真题(第一套)·849.WhathaveEUcountriesdonetoconfrontthepowerofdigitalgiants?A)Theyhaveimposedstrictregulationoverdigitalgiants’advertising.B)Theyhaveconsideredregulatoryactiontopromotefaircompetition.C)Theyhavelimitedsalesofdigitalgiants’products.D)Theyhavesoughttoprotectconsumers’privacy.50.WhatdoAmericansgenerallythinkofsocialmediacompaniesaccordingtotheauthor?A)Theyareinvadingpeople’sprivacy.C)Theyarebecominguntrustworthy.B)Theyareincreasinglyinfluential.D)Theyaregrowingoutofcontrol.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Bornfromtheaccessibilityofmassairtravel,moderninternationaltourismhasbeenpopularizedas“holiday-making”inregionsthatoffercomparativeadvantagesofsand,sunandsea.Travelisoftenportrayedasatoolforpersonalgrowthandtourismasaneconomicmotorfordestinationcountriesandcities.Thereisatendencytoassumethattourismisgoodforeveryoneinvolved.Todaythebigbangoftourismdrivesover1.2billiontouristsacrossinternationalbordersannually.Manypopularplacesareliterallybeinglovedtodeath.RecentprotestsinportsofcalllikeVeniceandBarcelonaagainstdisturbancescreatedbycruiseshipsshowtheunfortunateconsequencesofemphasizingquantityoverqualityintourism.Uncontrolledtourismdevelopmenthasbecomeaprimarydriverofsocialandenvironmentaldisruption.Tourismstudiesprovidemuchdocumentationofthemanynegativesocialimpactsoftourismandresultingresentmentthatlocalpopulationsdirecttowardvisitors.Antagonismtowardtouriststypicallydevelopsinmature,heavilyvisiteddestinations.Protestsinheavilyvisiteddestinationssuggestthattraditionaltourismhasoverstayeditswelcome.Residentsoftenbecomefrustratedwhenthebenefitsoftourismarenotfeltlocally.Althoughitcangenerateforeignexchange,incomeandemployment,there’snoguaranteethatmultinationalhotelchainswillallocatethesebenefitsequitablyamonglocalcommunities.Onthecontrary,whenpeoplestayatlargeresortsoroncruiseships,theymakemostoftheirpurchasesthere,leavinglocalcommunitieslittleopportunitytobenefitfromtouristspending.Theseformsoftourismwideneconomicandpoliticalgapsbetweenhavesandhave-notsatlocaldestinations.Inrecentdecades,localresidentsindestinationcommunitiesalsohavefoundthemselvesnegotiatingnewculturalboundaries,classdynamics,serviceindustryrolesandlifestyletransformations.Forexample,datashowthattourismactivitycorrespondstoincreasedsocialproblemsaslocalresidentsadoptthebehaviorsoftourists.Whatdoesallthismeanfortheeverydaytraveler?First,alltouristsshouldmakeeveryefforttohonortheirhostsandrespectlocalconditions.Thismeansbeingpreparedtoadapttolocalcustomsandnorms,ratherthanexpectinglocalconditionstoadapttotravelers.Second,tourismisamarket-basedactivityandworksbestwhenconsumersrewardbetterperfo